DOCSLIB.ORG

Jewish Behavior During the Holocaust

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Jewish Behavior During the Holocaust VICTIMS’ POLITICS: JEWISH BEHAVIOR DURING THE HOLOCAUST by Evgeny Finkel A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Political Science) at the UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN–MADISON 2012 Date of final oral examination: 07/12/12 The dissertation is approved by the following members of the Final Oral Committee: Yoshiko M. Herrera, Associate Professor, Political Science Scott G. Gehlbach, Professor, Political Science Andrew Kydd, Associate Professor, Political Science Nadav G. Shelef, Assistant Professor, Political Science Scott Straus, Professor, International Studies © Copyright by Evgeny Finkel 2012 All Rights Reserved i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation could not have been written without the encouragement, support and help of many people to whom I am grateful and feel intellectually, personally, and emotionally indebted. Throughout the whole period of my graduate studies Yoshiko Herrera has been the advisor most comparativists can only dream of. Her endless enthusiasm for this project, razor- sharp comments, constant encouragement to think broadly, theoretically, and not to fear uncharted grounds were exactly what I needed. Nadav Shelef has been extremely generous with his time, support, advice, and encouragement since my first day in graduate school. I always knew that a couple of hours after I sent him a chapter, there would be a detailed, careful, thoughtful, constructive, and critical (when needed) reaction to it waiting in my inbox. This awareness has made the process of writing a dissertation much less frustrating then it could have been. In the future, if I am able to do for my students even a half of what Nadav has done for me, I will consider myself an excellent teacher and mentor. Scott Gehlbach has provided an endless supply of support and wisdom, especially on methodological issues and general strategies of dealing with the dissertation and the job market. Scott Straus has been a role model for me as a scholar of mass violence. Interactions with Scott and exposure to his work made me, a first year graduate student then interested in public administration and democratization, start thinking about violence, its causes and impacts. This dissertation could not have been conceived without his prior work on Rwanda and analytical approach to genocide and mass violence more generally. Finally, conversations with Andrew Kydd at the initial and final stages of the project were tremendously helpful in framing and improving the structure of the research, the mechanisms, and the hypotheses. Yoi, Nadav, Scott, Scott, and Andy—working with you on my dissertation has been a privilege. Thank you, thank you, thank you! ii I owe a special debt of gratitude to Yitzhak Brudny, my unofficial but most enthusiastic mentor since the time of my undergraduate studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. I cannot imagine myself having become a student of Eastern Europe or even going to the US to get my PhD without his constant advice and encouragement. The Order, Conflict, and Violence Program at Yale was an ideal place to spend the final year of my dissertation, and I thank Stathis Kalyvas for choosing me as one of the 2011-2 OCV fellows. His advice and “so what?” questions were also essential to refining the main arguments of the dissertation. The other members of the “OCV team”—Sarah Parkinson and Janet Lewis were ideal colleagues and friends. During my time at Yale Keith Darden, Jessica Trisco, Jason Lyall, Elisabeth Wood, Ana Arjona, Pieter van Houten, and Kati Schindler offered criticism, remarks, suggestions and ideas; equally important, they often simply helped me keep my sanity. Conversations with Tim Snyder always showed me what (and why) I could learn from historians, reminding me that there is a vast non-political science literature I should consult. My fellow PhD students in Madison were a constant source of support, help, and encouragement. Kyle Marquardt, Sanja Badanjak, Nick Barnes, Galina Belokurova, Melanie Getreuer, Marko Grdesic, Aliza Luft, Lauren McCarthy, Tricia Olsen, Jennifer Petersen, Emily Sellars, Steven Wilson, and others whom I have certainly forgotten to mention—thank you for your friendship, ideas, conversations, and numerous rounds of proofreading and language editing. Also in Madison, numerous thanks are due to Barry Burden, Kathryn Hendley, Deb McFarlane, and Jon Pevehouse. Many other colleagues in the US, Canada, Israel, and Europe generously provided ideas, comments, and suggestions. Dominique Arel, Charles King, Jeffrey Kopstein, Dan Miodownik, Jason Wittenberg, and Raz Segal helped to improve various parts of the project. Jeffrey Kopstein iii and Jason Wittenberg kindly shared part of their data on Jewish population in Poland. Geoffrey Megargee and Martin Dean provided me with access to the still-unpublished data from the USHMM Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, allowing me to construct the ghettos dataset. Chanan Cohen was instrumental in getting data from the Hebrew University Oral History Division Archive, and Leonid Rein helped with the Yad Vashem Archive data. Vadim Altskan was my archival angel in the US Holocaust Memorial Museum Archive, and Joanne Rudoff was of vital assistance when I worked in the Yale University Fortunoff Archive. This dissertation would not have been possible without the financial support of the Yale OCV fellowship; the UW-Madison Mosse/Weinstein Center for Jewish Studies awards (Robert and Lynn Berman Scholarship, Charles and Gayle Mazursky Student Support Fund, and Robert and Beverly Natelson Family Award); the Political Science Department Summer Initiative; the Vilas Research Travel Grant, and the Horowitz Foundation for Social Policy Research Grant. Finally, I thank my family in the US and Israel. My parents, grandparents and sister were always there for me and helped whenever they could, including unpaid research assistance, even when they did not fully understand what I am working on and what this dissertation is about. And Julie—I still have no idea how she could handle someone who spends most his time writing, reading, and thinking about genocide. Words cannot express the depth of my gratitude, so I will simply say “thank you!” For everything. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES vi ABSTRACT vii TRANSLITERATION ix 1 Introduction 1 2 Literature and Theory 21 3 Party Politics in Hell: Explaining Ghetto Uprisings during the Holocaust 54 4 Behind the Barbed Wire: Soviet, Germans, and Poles in the Minsk Ghetto 101 5 Three Lines in History Books: The Jews of Kraków under Nazi Rule 165 6 Under the Spell: The Jews of Białystok during the Soviet and the Nazi Rule 234 7 Conclusions 310 BIBLIOGRAPHY 322 APPENDICES Appendix A: Additional Model Specifications 350 Appendix B: List of Archives and Archival Collections 354 Appendix C: Typical Page from the 1928 Polish Elections Book 355 Appendix D: Typical Zionist Organization Congress Bulletin 356 v LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1.1: Main differences between Minsk, Kraków, and Białystok 12 3.1: Summary Statistics of Key Variables 74 3.2: Logit Analysis of Ghetto Uprisings: Ghetto and Demographic Explanations 79 3.3: Logit Analysis of Ghetto Uprisings: All Variables—Percentage Change in Odds 82 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 3.1: Distribution of Ghettos by State (1939 borders) 69 3.2: Duration of Ghettos Existence (in Months) 70 3.3: Duration of Ghettos Existence by State (1939 Borders) 71 3.4: Distribution of Ghettos by the Year of Establishment 72 3.5: Polish Ghettos by Year of Establishment 72 3.6: Distribution of Open and Closed Ghettos by State 73 3.7: Distribution of Ghetto Uprisings by State 75 3.8: Uprisings in Ghettos, Located in pre-WWII Poland 76 vii ABSTRACT The dissertation addresses the variation in the behavior of victims of genocides and mass killings: why do some resist, some try to escape, some cooperate with the perpetrators, and some simply do nothing? What explains different modes of victims’ individual and group behavior? The study answers these questions by focusing on Jewish behavior during the Holocaust. I argue that the behavior of the Holocaust victims was determined by pre-genocide political and social factors, first and foremost activism in political parties and organizations and the level of integration into the broader non-Jewish society. The first part of the dissertation explains the variation in patterns of collective Jewish resistance to the Nazis. Drawing on a unique dataset of more than 1,100 Jewish ghettos established by the Nazis and linking the data on ghettos with pre-war electoral returns from Polish national elections and elections for the Zionist Organization World Congress, I find that Jewish armed resistance was more likely to emerge in communities that exhibited high levels of political activism prior to the Holocaust. I also find that the vast majority of ghetto uprisings took place in Eastern Poland—a territory that was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1939-41 and then by Germany in 1941-4. The second part of the dissertation examines how and why Holocaust victims chose their individual strategies of survival. I propose a new typology of victims’ behaviors, arguing that the choice of a particular survival strategy was linked to victims’ pre-Holocaust political and social experiences. I examine how Jews targeted by the Nazis chose their survival strategies. Focusing on the ghettos of Minsk (USSR until 1941, Nazi occupation 1941-4), Kraków (Poland until 1939, Nazi occupation 1939-45), and Białystok (Poland until 1939, Soviet occupation 1939-41, viii Nazi occupation 1941-4) I also show how distinctively local histories, legacies, and factors affected the patterns of collaboration, coping, evasion, and resistance in each city. ix TRANSLITERATION For Polish names and places in Poland I use the original Polish spelling. The only exception is places that have a standard internationally recognized spelling form. Thus, I use Warsaw instead of the original Polish Warszawa.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dress and Cultural Difference in Early Modern Europe European History Yearbook Jahrbuch Für Europäische Geschichte
    Dress and Cultural Difference in Early Modern Europe European History Yearbook Jahrbuch für Europäische Geschichte Edited by Johannes Paulmann in cooperation with Markus Friedrich and Nick Stargardt Volume 20 Dress and Cultural Difference in Early Modern Europe Edited by Cornelia Aust, Denise Klein, and Thomas Weller Edited at Leibniz-Institut für Europäische Geschichte by Johannes Paulmann in cooperation with Markus Friedrich and Nick Stargardt Founding Editor: Heinz Duchhardt ISBN 978-3-11-063204-0 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-063594-2 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-063238-5 ISSN 1616-6485 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 04. International License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Control Number:2019944682 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published in open access at www.degruyter.com. Typesetting: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd. Printing and Binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck Cover image: Eustaţie Altini: Portrait of a woman, 1813–1815 © National Museum of Art, Bucharest www.degruyter.com Contents Cornelia Aust, Denise Klein, and Thomas Weller Introduction 1 Gabriel Guarino “The Antipathy between French and Spaniards”: Dress, Gender, and Identity in the Court Society of Early Modern
    [Show full text]
  • Michalina Tatarkówna-Majkowska Biografia
    Uniwersytet Łódzki Wydział Filozoficzno – Historyczny Piotr Ossowski Michalina Tatarkówna-Majkowska Biografia Praca doktorska napisana w Katedrze Historii Polski i Świata po 1945 r. pod kierunkiem prof. nadzw. dr hab. Krzysztofa Lesiakowskiego Łódź 2016 2 SPIS TRE ŚCI Wykaz skrótów……………………………………………………………………......... 5 Wst ęp…………………………………………………………………………………… 9 Rozdział I Robotnicza dola (1908-1945)……………………………………… 22 Rozdział II Pocz ątek kariery politycznej (1945-1953)………………………… 55 1. W Komitecie Dzielnicowym PPR Łód ź Widzew…………. 55 2. W czasach stalinowskich…………………………………... 77 Rozdział III W kr ęgu elity władzy (1953-1955)………………………………... 84 1. Obj ęcie stanowiska I sekretarza KW PZPR w Łodzi……… 84 2. Kierownik polityczny województwa łódzkiego…………… 89 Rozdział IV Burzliwe lata (1955-1957)………………………………………… 109 1. Okoliczno ści awansu na I sekretarza KŁ PZPR…………… 109 2. W obliczu walk frakcyjnych w PZPR……………………... 113 3. Przełom pa ździernikowy po łódzku………………………... 133 4. Sprawdzian wyborczy w styczniu 1957 r………………….. 140 Rozdział V Zwierzchnik łódzkiej organizacji partyjnej (1955-1964)………….. 156 1. Działalno ść na forum Egzekutywy KŁ PZPR……………... 156 2. System nomenklatury i polityka kadrowa………………….. 159 3. Wpływ na funkcjonowanie lokalnego aparatu partyjnego…. 168 4. Udział w ogólnopolskim życiu politycznym………………. 175 5. Posłanka na Sejm…………………………………………... 184 6. Funkcja reprezentacyjna: podró że zagraniczne i przyjmowanie go ści………………………………………. 188 7. Wyró żnienia i odznaczenia………………………………… 192 Rozdział VI Ró żne barwy rz ądzenia Łodzi ą (1955-1964)……………………… 195 1. Wobec problemów mieszka ńców………………………….. 195 2. Laicyzacja i ideologizacja o światy………………………… 200 3. Udział w przebudowie miasta……………………………… 216 4. Kształtowanie życia kulturalnego………………………….. 228 5. Świ ęta i rocznice…………………………………………… 243 3 Rozdział VII Na emeryturze (1964-1986)……………………………………….. 248 1. Odwołanie ze stanowiska I sekretarza KŁ PZPR………….
    [Show full text]
  • What Do Students Know and Understand About the Holocaust? Evidence from English Secondary Schools
    CENTRE FOR HOLOCAUST EDUCATION What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? Evidence from English secondary schools Stuart Foster, Alice Pettigrew, Andy Pearce, Rebecca Hale Centre for Holocaust Education Centre Adrian Burgess, Paul Salmons, Ruth-Anne Lenga Centre for Holocaust Education What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? Evidence from English secondary schools Cover image: Photo by Olivia Hemingway, 2014 What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? Evidence from English secondary schools Stuart Foster Alice Pettigrew Andy Pearce Rebecca Hale Adrian Burgess Paul Salmons Ruth-Anne Lenga ISBN: 978-0-9933711-0-3 [email protected] British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record is available from the British Library All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism or review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permissions of the publisher. iii Contents About the UCL Centre for Holocaust Education iv Acknowledgements and authorship iv Glossary v Foreword by Sir Peter Bazalgette vi Foreword by Professor Yehuda Bauer viii Executive summary 1 Part I Introductions 5 1. Introduction 7 2. Methodology 23 Part II Conceptions and encounters 35 3. Collective conceptions of the Holocaust 37 4. Encountering representations of the Holocaust in classrooms and beyond 71 Part III Historical knowledge and understanding of the Holocaust 99 Preface 101 5. Who were the victims? 105 6.
    [Show full text]
  • SS-Totenkopfverbände from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia (Redirected from SS-Totenkopfverbande)
    Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history SS-Totenkopfverbände From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from SS-Totenkopfverbande) Navigation Not to be confused with 3rd SS Division Totenkopf, the Waffen-SS fighting unit. Main page This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason Contents has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can. (December 2010) Featured content Current events This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding Random article citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2010) Donate to Wikipedia [2] SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV), rendered in English as "Death's-Head Units" (literally SS-TV meaning "Skull Units"), was the SS organization responsible for administering the Nazi SS-Totenkopfverbände Interaction concentration camps for the Third Reich. Help The SS-TV was an independent unit within the SS with its own ranks and command About Wikipedia structure. It ran the camps throughout Germany, such as Dachau, Bergen-Belsen and Community portal Buchenwald; in Nazi-occupied Europe, it ran Auschwitz in German occupied Poland and Recent changes Mauthausen in Austria as well as numerous other concentration and death camps. The Contact Wikipedia death camps' primary function was genocide and included Treblinka, Bełżec extermination camp and Sobibor. It was responsible for facilitating what was called the Final Solution, Totenkopf (Death's head) collar insignia, 13th Standarte known since as the Holocaust, in collaboration with the Reich Main Security Office[3] and the Toolbox of the SS-Totenkopfverbände SS Economic and Administrative Main Office or WVHA.
    [Show full text]
  • Abba Kovner - Yitzchak Zuckerman - Two Approaches to the Jewish Exodus from Europe Shalom Cholawski
    Abba Kovner - Yitzchak Zuckerman - Two Approaches to the Jewish Exodus from Europe Shalom Cholawski In December 1944, partisans from Vilna and Kovno met in Lublin. Those who arrived from the Soviet Union immediately began organizing the Bericha in motion. On January 20, 1945, a few days after the liberation of Warsaw, Yitzchak Zuckerman and Zivia Lubetkin, two of the commanders of the Warsaw Ghetto Revolt, arrived in Lublin and met with Kovner and his colleagues from the partisans. Kovner later recalled his meeting with Zuckerman: “His face, like mine, was drawn, haggard in the flame of a small candle, and the candle, standing on the low stool between us, flickered as though at the foot of a dead man. Only our shadows on the naked walls were long and mute.” Zuckerman and Kovner concurred that no Jewish community could be established in the graveyard that was now Poland. The only course was to press for Aliyah through every possible means. However, they disagreed as to the modus operandi. Yitzchak Zuckerman argued that the group of pioneer leaders must not abandon the remnant of Polish Jewry. It was the duty of the leadership to organize and bring them to Eretz Israel. The veteran leadership was no longer in existence, and it devolved on the younger people who had survived, the ghetto fighters and partisans, to create the organizational framework needed to remove the Jews from Poland. Zuckerman said the departure of the activists would be tantamount to desertion and therefore intolerable. Kovner said they must leave the detested soil of Europe at once, and in the course of leaving take their revenge on Nazis who were still walking about __________________________________________________________________________ מרכז המידע אודות השואה, יד ושם ביה"ס המרכזי להוראת השואה 1 freely.
    [Show full text]
  • Biuletynbiuletyn Instytutuinstytutu Pamięcipamięci Narodowejnarodowej
    NR 3–4 (62–63) marzec–kwiecień 2006 BIULETYNBIULETYN INSTYTUTUINSTYTUTU PAMIĘCIPAMIĘCI NARODOWEJNARODOWEJ Spod czerwonej ISSN 1641-9561 gwiazdy 9 771641 956001 numer indeksu 374431 nakład 3500 egz. cena 7,50 zł (w(w tymtym 0%0% VAT)VAT) ADRESY I TELEFONY ODDZIAŁÓW IPN W POLSCE BIAŁYSTOK ul. Warsztatowa 1a, 15-637 Białystok tel. (0-85) 664 57 03 GDYNIA ul. Witomińska 19, 81-311 Gdynia tel. (0-58) 660 67 00 fax (0-58) 660 67 01 KATOWICE ul. Kilińskiego 9, 40-061 Katowice tel. (0-32) 609 98 40 KRAKÓW ul. Reformacka 3, 31-012 Kraków tel. (0-12) 421 11 00 LUBLIN ul. Wieniawska 15, 20-071 Lublin tel. (0-81) 534 59 11 ŁÓDŹ ul. Orzeszkowej 31/35, 91-479 Łódź tel. (0-42) 616 27 45 POZNAŃ ul. Rolna 45a, 61-487 Poznań tel. (0-61) 835 69 00 RZESZÓW ul. Słowackiego 18, 35-060 Rzeszów tel. (0-17) 860 60 18 SZCZECIN ul. K. Janickiego 30, 71-270 Szczecin tel. (0-91) 484 98 00 WARSZAWA pl. Krasińskich 2/4/6, 00-207 Warszawa tel. (0-22) 530 86 25 WROCŁAW ul. Sołtysowicka 23, 51-168 Wrocław tel. (0-71) 326 76 00 BIULETYN INSTYTUTU PAMIĘCI NARODOWEJ Redaguje Biuro Edukacji Publicznej IPN Zespół redakcyjny: Władysław Bułhak (redaktor naczelny), Janusz Kotański, Krzysztof Madej, Bartłomiej Noszczak, Barbara Polak, Jan M. Ruman, Jan Żaryn Projekt graficzny: Krzysztof Findziński Redakcja techniczna: Andrzej Broniak Skład i łamanie: Wojciech Czaplicki Korekta: Anna Kaniewska Adres: ul. Towarowa 28, 00-839 Warszawa Tel. (0-22) 581 89 24, fax (0-22) 581 89 26 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.ipn.gov.pl Druk: Instytut Technologii Eksploatacji ul.
    [Show full text]
  • Guides to German Records Microfilmed at Alexandria, Va
    GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA. No. 32. Records of the Reich Leader of the SS and Chief of the German Police (Part I) The National Archives National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1961 This finding aid has been prepared by the National Archives as part of its program of facilitating the use of records in its custody. The microfilm described in this guide may be consulted at the National Archives, where it is identified as RG 242, Microfilm Publication T175. To order microfilm, write to the Publications Sales Branch (NEPS), National Archives and Records Service (GSA), Washington, DC 20408. Some of the papers reproduced on the microfilm referred to in this and other guides of the same series may have been of private origin. The fact of their seizure is not believed to divest their original owners of any literary property rights in them. Anyone, therefore, who publishes them in whole or in part without permission of their authors may be held liable for infringement of such literary property rights. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 58-9982 AMERICA! HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION COMMITTEE fOR THE STUDY OP WAR DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECOBDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXAM)RIA, VA. No* 32» Records of the Reich Leader of the SS aad Chief of the German Police (HeiehsMhrer SS und Chef der Deutschen Polizei) 1) THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION (AHA) COMMITTEE FOR THE STUDY OF WAE DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA* This is part of a series of Guides prepared
    [Show full text]
  • Yudkin on Porat, 'The Fall of a Sparrow: the Life and Times of Abba Kovner'
    H-Judaic Yudkin on Porat, 'The Fall of a Sparrow: The Life and Times of Abba Kovner' Review published on Monday, May 3, 2010 Dina Porat. The Fall of a Sparrow: The Life and Times of Abba Kovner. Translated and edited by Elizabeth Yuval. Stanford Studies in Jewish History and Culture Series. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010. xxiv + 411 pp. $65.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-8047-6248-9. Reviewed by Leon Yudkin (University College London)Published on H-Judaic (May, 2010) Commissioned by Jason Kalman A Leader Poet for the Nation We have here the first full account of the noted partisan and Hebrew poet Abba Kovner (1918-87) in an English version, translated from Hebrew by Elizabeth Yuval. Born in Sevastopol and raised in Vilna, Kovner became a leader of the partisan movement in the resistance to the Nazi invasion and conquest. The author, Dina Porat, who had only met her subject once briefly, shows some signs of hero worship. Her background account borders on hagiography, though sometimes she casts doubt on positions that Kovner adopted. Already in the preface, she praises him for the magnificence of his locks, for his beautiful Hebrew, for his sense of humor, and for the admiration that he managed to draw from all who came into contact with him. Porat opens with a description of Kovner's primary vision, namely, to provide a home for his homeless people following the devastation wrought by the Holocaust. That vision, for her, was matched by his natural gifts, leadership qualities, and intelligence. For the sake of convenience, she divides his life into four parts.
    [Show full text]
  • PEN (Organization)
    PEN (Organization): An Inventory of Its Records at the Harry Ransom Center Descriptive Summary Creator: PEN (Organization) Title: PEN (Organization) Records Dates: 1912-2008 (bulk 1926-1997) Extent: 352 document boxes, 5 card boxes (cb), 5 oversize boxes (osb) (153.29 linear feet), 4 oversize folders (osf) Abstract: The records of the London-based writers' organizations English PEN and PEN International, founded by Catharine Amy Dawson Scott in 1921, contain extensive correspondence with writer-members and other PEN centres around the world. Their records document campaigns, international congresses and other meetings, committees, finances, lectures and other programs, literary prizes awarded, membership, publications, and social events over several decades. Call Number: Manuscript Collection MS-03133 Language: The records are primarily written in English with sizeable amounts in French, German, and Spanish, and lesser amounts in numerous other languages. Non-English items are sometimes accompanied by translations. Note: The Ransom Center gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the National Endowment for the Humanities, which provided funds for the preservation, cataloging, and selective digitization of this collection. The PEN Digital Collection contains 3,500 images of newsletters, minutes, reports, scrapbooks, and ephemera selected from the PEN Records. An additional 900 images selected from the PEN Records and related Ransom Center collections now form five PEN Teaching Guides that highlight PEN's interactions with major political and historical trends across the twentieth century, exploring the organization's negotiation with questions surrounding free speech, political displacement, and human rights, and with global conflicts like World War II and the Cold War. Access: Open for research. Researchers must create an online Research Account and agree to the Materials Use Policy before using archival materials.
    [Show full text]
  • GSI Newsletter May 2018
    [email protected] [email protected] www.genshoah.org Generations of the Shoah International Newsletter May 2018 Dear Members and Friends, Registration is now open for the intergenerational conference GSI is having in conjunction with the World Federation of Jewish Child Survivors of the Holocaust and Descendants. For dates and registration information please see the November 9th conference listing below. Generations of the Shoah International (GSI) Membership in our interactive leadership listserv is open to leaders / representatives of landsmanschaften and other Holocaust-related groups. If your local survivor, second generation or third generation group has not yet delegated a representative to join the GSI interactive online discussion / listserv group, please join us now. We already have dozens of members throughout the USA and from other countries. This global interactive listserv is the fastest way to reach the survivor community: [email protected]. For event submissions: www.genshoah.org/contact_gsi.html. Please fill out the information requested in the text areas and submit it to us at [email protected]. You must send us your information no later than the 23rd of the month if you wish for it to appear in the upcoming month’s issue. To search the newsletter by geographic area: Search by country for programs outside the USA or use the city and / or state abbreviations for those areas in the USA. All times listed below are local unless otherwise stated. Visit our GSI website at www.genshoah.org for updated information on new books, films, helpful links to Holocaust-related organizations and institutions, etc. Survivors, their children and grandchildren are welcome to post contact information for their local groups on our website.
    [Show full text]
  • Session of the Zionist General Council
    SESSION OF THE ZIONIST GENERAL COUNCIL THIRD SESSION AFTER THE 26TH ZIONIST CONGRESS JERUSALEM JANUARY 8-15, 1967 Addresses,; Debates, Resolutions Published by the ORGANIZATION DEPARTMENT OF THE ZIONIST EXECUTIVE JERUSALEM AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE n Library י»B I 3 u s t SESSION OF THE ZIONIST GENERAL COUNCIL THIRD SESSION AFTER THE 26TH ZIONIST CONGRESS JERUSALEM JANUARY 8-15, 1966 Addresses, Debates, Resolutions Published by the ORGANIZATION DEPARTMENT OF THE ZIONIST EXECUTIVE JERUSALEM iii THE THIRD SESSION of the Zionist General Council after the Twenty-sixth Zionist Congress was held in Jerusalem on 8-15 January, 1967. The inaugural meeting was held in the Binyanei Ha'umah in the presence of the President of the State and Mrs. Shazar, the Prime Minister, the Speaker of the Knesset, Cabinet Ministers, the Chief Justice, Judges of the Supreme Court, the State Comptroller, visitors from abroad, public dignitaries and a large and representative gathering which filled the entire hall. The meeting was opened by Mr. Jacob Tsur, Chair- man of the Zionist General Council, who paid homage to Israel's Nobel Prize Laureate, the writer S.Y, Agnon, and read the message Mr. Agnon had sent to the gathering. Mr. Tsur also congratulated the poetess and writer, Nellie Zaks. The speaker then went on to discuss the gravity of the time for both the State of Israel and the Zionist Move- ment, and called upon citizens in this country and Zionists throughout the world to stand shoulder to shoulder to over- come the crisis. Professor Andre Chouraqui, Deputy Mayor of the City of Jerusalem, welcomed the delegates on behalf of the City.
    [Show full text]
  • Mbs Has to Be Dealt with for Khashoggi Murder: US Senator
    BUSINESS | Page 1 SPORT | Page 8 Imam, Hafeez steer Pakistan to Synergistic opportunities victory over prevail between Qatar and South Africa Canada, says Doha Bank CEO published in QATAR since 1978 SUNDAY Vol. XXXIX No. 11069 January 20, 2019 Jumada I 14, 1440 AH GULF TIMES www. gulf-times.com 2 Riyals Warm welcome for rally champion In brief More Al Furjan stores QATAR | Offi cial scheduled to open soon Amir to attend Arab summit in Beirut today QNA The motivation behind this project His Highness the Amir Sheikh Tamim Doha is the estimated increase in popula- bin Hamad al-Thani will attend tion within the city of Doha and its the Arab Economic and Social surroundings. The retail mix has been Development Summit to be held he Qatar Development Bank devised to cater to the most important today in Beirut at the invitation of (QDB) announced yesterday that needs. Lebanese President General Michel Tthe construction of the second QDB will not raise rental rates for Aoun. An off icial delegation is batch of outlets for Al Furjan Markets 2 commercial outlets included in Phase accompanying the Amir. project has begun. 2 of its Al Furjan Markets project, al- The new markets will be located in Khalifa had said earlier. QATAR | Diplomacy areas such as Ain Khalid, Luaib, Bani He said the existing rents at Al Furjan Hajer, Al Aziziya, Al Gharafa, Muaither, Markets across the country are pegged Amir and Mali president Al Shamal and Al Wakrah. at QR6,000 per month. hold phone conversation The fi rst batch of Al Furjan Markets His Highness the Amir Sheikh Tamim was located in Umm Al Qarn and Al The markets will provide all bin Hamad al-Thani yesterday held Khor among other areas.
    [Show full text]