Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86468-8 - A History of Modern Palestine: One Land, Two Peoples: Second edition Ilan Pappe Index More information
Index
– Crimean War , Acre , , , –, revolt –, , actors – Palestine War, see Palestine War – al-Afghani, Jamal al-Din War –, ‘agents’ War – Agranat, Shimon – Lebanon War , –, –, agricultural production , , , , , , , – , , criticism of , in Jordan Intifada , –, –, Ahad Ha’Am in Gaza Strip , Ahronson, Aharon media coverage of , Ahudut Ha-Avoda (Zionist Socialist Party) , organization of role of women in – airplanes, hijacking of – Intifada , , –, Alexander II (Tsar) Alexander III (Tsar) a’ayan (noble families) , –, Alexander, Dr Michael Solomon see also notables Alexandroni Brigade – Abbas, Mahmoud (Abu Mazin) , , , Algeria , , , aliya (ascent) , Abd al-Hadi family Allenby, General Edmond Abdallah, Shaykh Ahmad Alon, Yigal , – Abdul Aziz II (Ottoman sultan) Aloni, Shulamit Abdul Hamid (Ottoman sultan) –, , , Alpha Plan (Anglo-American peace proposal, , , , ) Abdul Hamid II (Ottoman sultan) , Alterman, Nathan Abdullah ibn Husayn (King of Transjordan) , America, see USA , , , , , , American Colony (Jerusalem) – assassination of – American Reform movement absentee properties , American University (Beirut) Abu Ala (Ahmad Qari’) Amman , , Abu Gosh, Mustafa , Anderson, Benedict Abu Iyad Andrew, Lewis Abu Jihad (Khalil al-Wazir) , Anglo-Palestine Bank Abu Mazin (Mahmoud Abbas) , , , anti-Semitic rhetoric, of political Islam anti-Zionism Abu Musa of ultra-orthodox Jews Abu Nawar al-Aqsa intifada, see Intifadat al-Aqsa Abu Nidal al-Aqsa martyrs (shuhada al-Aqsa) , Abu Nidal organization al-Aqsa mosque (Jerusalem) Abu Shabib, Ahmad Arab Cold War Abu Shabib, Fatima (saint) Arab culture, and Mizrachi Jews –
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Arab Higher Committee , , , , , of labour union leaders – , of militant Palestinian leaders by Israel Arab Jews, see Mizrachi Jews Arab League , , –, , of Rabin , see also Arab Salvation Army Aswan Dam project (Egypt) Arab Legion –, , , , , Atlit salt plant Arab millet, in Israel Atlit stone quarries Arab music, in Israeli society – Austro-Hungarian Empire , Arab nationalism –, , , authors, see writers Arab Salvation Army autonomy Arab states concept in peace settlements and Israel , and intervention , Jewish immigration from Avanti Popolo (film) – and Palestine War , – Awad, Mubarak and World War I awqaf (religious endowments) –, see also names of individual states ‘Aza – Arab Union of Workers azma’ut (independence) Arab–Israeli War () –, Arab–Jewish mandate Baader-Meinhof gang Arabic Ba’ath Party , use of Babylon by Arab Jews Baghdad , in Ottoman empire Bait (House, film, Gitai) Arabs Balad al-Shaykh, massacres at coexistence with Jews in Israel – Balas, Shimon employed by Jews Balfour, Arthur , see also Palestinian labour Balfour Declaration –, , , , –, Israeli portrayal of –, –, , –, Balkans , Nazification of banks and financial institutions , , , Arafat, Yasser leadership of Fatah , , , al-Banna, Hasan in occupied Palestinian territories Bar Lev line and Oslo accords , Barabash, Benny – politics of , , , , , , Barta’ in Ramallah headquarters , – Basle Programme ARAMCO (Arabian American Oil Company) Bedouins , , , , , , , , , – archaeologists in Jordan al-Ard (the land) political movement Beersheba Argov, Shlomo Begin, Menachem , , al-Arif, Arif , and War Arlosaroff, Haim and War armistice agreement (Israeli-Jordanian, ) and – Lebanon War arms race , , , and Greater Israel ideology al-Arqub and Irgun arts community , , leader of Herut , al-Asad, Hafiz , , opposition to peace negotiations Ashkenazi Jews , – Begin revolution – dominance of Beilin, Yossi racist attitudes of – Beirut , , voting behaviour of bombing of assassinations Beit Hanun of Abdullah ibn Husayn (King of Beit Shean Transjordan) – Beitar (Zionist organization)
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Ben-Gurion, David , , building boom , , and War , , Bunch, Ralph and War –, Burg, Yosef and British Mandate Palestine , , , Bush, George W. (US President) , and Greater Israel ideal Camp David negotiations () , , and Holocaust – Jewish Agency chairman capitalization leader of Mapai of ‘peace process’ prime minister –, Carmiel pro-America orientation of Carter, Jimmy (US President) and Suez War () – cease-fire, between Israel and Palestinians () Ben Shitrit, David – Ben-Zvi, Yizhak censorship Benei Israel Chamoun, Camile Beni Miutim (members of minority groups) ‘change’ (term) Bernadotte, Count Folke , , Chertock (Sharett), Moshe , , –, Beshara, Azmi –, , Bethlehem children and young people Bevin, Ernest , in British Mandate Palestine Bin Laden, Osama in Egyptian army Binyamina and intifada , , , Black Panthers , , , in Palestinian occupied territories Black September and political Islam Bnei Akiva in World War I Bolshevists , yaldei huz (external children) Bourdieu, Pierre China Bowman, Humphry –, Chomsky, Noam bread, price of – Christian–Muslim Association , Brit Po’alei Eretz Israel Christian Phalangists Brit Shalom movement , Christians Britain in Israel –, administration of Palestine – in Palestine –, and White Paper in Palestinian national movement – and revolt – Church of England and White Paper –, , , Churchill, Sir Winston and War , civil society intelligence gathering in Egypt and Jewish immigration in Israel Mandate charter –, , Palestinian , and United Nations , Clinton, Bill (US President) and World War II coexistence of Arabs and Jews, in Israel – see also Balfour Declaration cohabitation agreement with French on division of Arab and nationalism – Middle East –, Cohen, Aharon alliance with America in invasion of Iraq Cold War and the Hashemites – collaboration in Suez Crisis () , with Nazism – and Zionism – of Palestinians with Israeli authorities British army , , colonialism , –, , in Suez War () see also neo-colonialism British Empire, ‘Greater Britain’ policy of Committee of Guidance , , British Expeditionary Force , commonwealth approach, by British rulers of British Uganda , Palestine – Buber, Martin , communism
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Communist Party (Israel) , , , , , in British Mandate Palestine , , and Intifada Communist Party (Palestinian) , , , , in Ottoman Palestine , , – of Palestinian occupied territories –, Communist Party (USSR) , concentration camps and partition of Palestine , confiscation of land , , , , –, deserters , –, Dir Yassin massacre conflicts discrimination , , – watershed – see also Palestinians, attitudes towards in British Mandate Palestine , , – displacement, psychological theory of guerrilla warfare – Disraeli, Benjamin as history Drake, Thyrwhitt over partition of Palestine Dreyfus, Alfred with Zionist settlers Druzes , , see also Intifada ; Intifadat al-Aqsa; Palestine War; protest movements East Bank of Jordan conscription – East Europeanism of Palestinians in Israeli army Easter construction industry , , economic component, of Oslo accords – in Syria economic conditions ‘continuity’ (term) bifurcation cooperation and British ‘commonwealth approach’ – between workers – in British Mandate Palestine , , , , musha’ system , , Copts and globalization – crime, in Israel in Israel –, , , –, , , Crimean War (–) , , – Cromer, Lord in Jordan – Cuba in Ottoman Palestine – cultural elite, of Israel – in Palestinian occupied territories –, cultural identity, of Israel , – , –, , – cultural policies, Israeli in World War II – Cunningham, Sir Alan – economic policies currencies, see monetary system education – ‘custodians’ – Anglican schools , –, custom and tradition –, , , in British Mandate Palestine –, for girls , al-Dajani, Hassan Sidqi – Muslim , , Dajani family Islamic Dalton, Dr in Israel , , , , Damascus , , –, , , , , kutab al-Darawshe, Abd al-Wahab Ottoman reforms – Darwish, Abdullah Nimr of Palestinians David (King of Jerusalem) private missionary system – Day of the Land, commemoration of – secular Day of Peace and Young Turk Revolution Dayan, Moshe , , , , , , Zionist – Declaration of Independence (PLO, ) Egypt –, and War Declaration of Principles (DoP, Oslo accords) and War –, and British Mandate Palestine , , , Democratic Front for Peace and Equality Cairo–Amman diplomatic safety net demography civil society in and War , , Free Officers in ,
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Egypt (cont.) Fast, Yoachim and Israel , al-Fatah , , –, –, –, Jews in pragmatism of , – Muslim Brotherhood in fatwas (religious rulings) , rule of Palestine – Faysal ibn Hussayn (King of Greater Syria, then union with Syria (UAR) of Iraq) , , – and USA see also Hashemites in World War I , , fida’iyyun (Palestinian fighters) , , see also al-Nasser, Gamal Abd Ben-Gurion’s policies against Ehad Meshalanu (One of Us, play, Barabash) infrastructure of – in Jordan Eichmann, Adolf , al-Muqawwama , , –, – Eilat , in Palestinian occupied territories Ein Ghazal in Syria Eitin, Aharon Filastin (newspaper) –, El-Arish Filastinuna (journal) elections film industry, Israeli in Israel , , film-makers in Palestinian occupied territories , Palestinian –, , , portrayal of Mizrachi Jews – Hamas participating in post-Zionist –, – women’s participation in Finn, James , elites, see notables FLN (Front de Libération Nationale) , Elon, Amos foreigners , , – Elon Moreh forests , employment of Palestinians , France refugees – control of Syria see also Palestinian labour foreign relations Ephraim Holech La-Zava (Ephraim Goes to the with Britain –, Army, play, Laor) with Israel epidemics state model of Eretz Israel (Land of Israel) , , and Suez War () see also Israel (state) free-market system – Eretz Plant Free Officers of Egypt , Esh Zovet (Crossfire, film) French, Louis – Eshkol, Levi , Friedman, Milton Ethiopian Jews, see Mizrachi Jews fundamentalism ethnic cleansing of Palestine Jewish and War –, – Muslim, see political Islam by State of Israel , , , , Fureidis Zionist , , Europe and Palestine , , , , –, –, Gahal (party) , , Galilee , , , , –, , , , European Jews , , – in Israel Galilli, Israel Exodus (refugee ship) –, Gallipoli expulsion, Israeli policies of –, Gaza (town) Eytan, Refael Gaza Strip in War , Faluja pocket in British Mandate Palestine famine Intifada in , Fanon, Frantz Israeli occupation of , , –, Farouq (King of Egypt) – al-Faruqi, Shuqri Taji Israeli withdrawal from – fascism missiles fired from
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occupation of Hacohen, David and Oslo accords –, – Hadashot (newspaper) Palestinian refugees in , –, Hadassa political Islam in , – Hagana , , –, , , Geertz, Clifford see also Palmach Gefen, Aviv Haifa , , , , , –, , , , Geneva Conventions , , Germany university of , and Britain Hakim, Mutran and Israel Halevy, Benjamin and Palestine , , al-Halil reparations payments to Israel , , haluzim (pioneers) – Hamas , , , Templars , –, military wing of , , see also Nazism participation in elections girls, education for , Hamerman, Ilana Girls’ College (Jerusalem) Hammad, Haj Tawfiq , Gitai, Amos Hammer, Zevulun globalization – Hanafi school Glubb, John Bagot Hankin, Yeshosua Gobat, Samuel al-Haraka al-Islamiyya (the Islamic Movement, Golan Heights , Israel) , , –, interim agreement about Haram al-Sharif , , negotiations over – Muslim claims to as part of Israel tunnel under Goren, Shlomo – harat al-tanc (shanty neighbourhoods) Gover, Yerah harath (rural proletariat) – Greater Israel ideology Harel, Isar and attitudes towards Palestinians , , Hasan, Nizar Hashemites –, , , , and Israeli policies , , –, , British relations with – –, rule of the West Bank – Greater Jerusalem see also Abdullah ibn Husayn; Faysal ibn Greater Syria , , , – Hussayn; Husayn ibn Ali; Hussein ibn see also ‘Southern Syria’ Talal Greek Catholic Church Hashomer Hazair , , Greek Orthodox community – see also Mapam ‘green line’ (border) Hass, Amira , Greenwald, Malciel Hassan II (King of Morocco) Grey-Hill, Lord Hawatmeh, Naif Grossman, David , Hawihi, Talal Guevara, Che Hazit – Gulf states health , –, , , oil industry in Hebraic law Palestinians in , Hebrew Gulf War – – revival of – Gush Emunim , , , , , translations of Palestinian literature into , , Ha-Avoda (Labour) Hebrew University (Jerusalem) , , Ha-Parasha (the affair) –, Hebron , , , , , Ha-Poel Hazair (party) Hejaz Ha’aretz (newspaper) Herut (party) , , , Habash, George , , Herzl, Theodor –, – Habib, Philip Herzliya university Habibi, Emil , , Herzog, Haim ,
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Hever, Hanan Ibrahim Pasha Hezbollah –, identity suicide bombings by , cultural, of Israel , – hijacking airplanes – of Mizrachi Jews – Hirbet Hiza (film, Ram Levi) national Histadrut , , –, , , politics historical narratives –, in Israel , historiography by Mizrachi Jews nationalist –, religious – of Palestine –, by women Zionist – IDF, see Israel Defence Force of Palestine War – , –, Ijzim India , history industrial action, see strikes economic, of West Bank – interim agreement (Oslo accords) –, of Israel, rewriting of –, – International Court of Justice (The Hague) Holocaust , –, , , , intervention and autonomy , Israel and –, , Intifada , –, –, Holy Land in Gaza Strip , Homi Bhabha , media coverage of , hostage taking, by Palestinian terrorists organization of role of women in – Hourani, Albert , , Intifadat al-Aqsa , , –, housing, in Israel IRA Hovevi Zion (Lovers of Zion) , Iran human rights, violations of Iraq , , , , , , , , Husayn, Saddam , and War invasion of Kuwait American invasion of () Husayn ibn Ali, Sharif –, , – Jews in see also Hashemites see also Baghdad Husayn–McMahon correspondence , Irgun , , , al-Husayni, Abd al-Qader , see also Herut al-Husayni, Amin –, , Islam, secularism in and watershed Islamic Bloc and revolt Islamic fundamentalism see political Islam appointed Mufti – Islamic Jihad , , , and assassination of King Abdullah of Islamic law, and suicide bombing Transjordan Islamic movement (al-Haraka al-Islamiyya, and British Mandate Palestine , Israel) , , –, and cohabitation Islamist Shiite movement – exile of – Israel, Abraham and nationalist notables , Israel (state) , , , and Nazism , , citizenship laws of in Transjordan coexistence of Arabs and Jews in – al-Husayni, Fawzi , cultural identity of , – al-Husayni, Ismai’l , , economic conditions in –, , , al-Husayni, Jamal , –, , , , – al-Husayni, Kamil (Grand Mufti) , education in , , , , al-Husayni, Musa – elections in , , al-Husayni, Musa Kazem elites of – al-Husayni, Taher II foreign relations, see Israeli foreign relations Husayni family , , , , , , Gaza Strip withdrawal – Hussein ibn Talal (King of Jordan) , , , German reparations payments to , , –, , – see also Hashemites history of, rewritten –, –
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industries, links with military , of retaliation against terrorism , , , institutionalization of – , , military industry of , , settlement , , nuclear capabilities of , , Israeli press and Oslo accords –, – self-restrictions of Palestinian minority in, see Palestinian Israeli society minority in Israel militarism of peace agreement with Egypt () criticism of , , , policies, see Israeli policies and Palestinian occupied territories –, secret services , , , , , , , – , polarization of –, state benefits politicization of women in and possibility of peace – Israel Defence Force (IDF) , protest movements in , –, , , Bedouins in , and Intifada , religion in , reserve duties in Israeli Supreme Court , , and Sabra and Shatilla massacres Israelites, ancient in Sinai Peninsula , – Istiqlal (Independence, film, Hasan) and Westernization of Mizrachi Jews al-Istiqlal (Independence Party) – Iton (journal) Israeli academy Izz al-Din al-Qassam brigades (Hamas military ideological role of – wing) , , intolerance of – and post-Zionism –, Jaba’ Israeli foreign relations Jabaliyya camp and War Jabha with Arab world , Jabotinsky, Vladimir , with Egypt , Jaffa , , , , –, with Germany Jamal Pasha –, –, with Jordan , , Jenin , , with Lebanon Jericho with Syria , Jerusalem with United Nations War with USA , , American colony – Israeli policies Arab Legion in of absorption and co-optation , , , British in , –, Christians in , anti-repatriation –, East cultural Israeli claims to , of ethnic cleansing , , , , Israeli occupation of , – of expulsion –, Palestinian claims to and Greater Israel ideology , , –, Palestinian leadership in , , –, King David Hotel marginalization of ‘Arabism’ – and Oslo accords towards Mizrachi Jews , –, Palace Hotel in occupied territories , , sanjaq , –, of collective punishment , , schools in , criticized in Israel –, , –, Jewish Agency , , –, , , , expenditures of mandatory emergency regulations used and immigration of Mizrachi Jews , settlement policies of military rule , Jewish identity towards Palestinian minority in Israel –, Jewish lobby, in USA , –, –, – Jewish millet , ,
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Jewish National Fund (Qeren Ha-Qayemet) , Kfar Qassem massacre , Khalaf, Salah (Abu Iyad) Jewish settlements Khalidi family , , in Palestinian occupied territories , al-Khalidi, Yusuf Diya’ –, , –, , Khalil, Ahmad and Oslo accords , , kibbutzim , , see also Zionist settlements and Mizrachi Jews , Jewish state, see Israel (state) King David Hotel (Jerusalem) Jews Kissinger, Henry coexistence with Arabs in Israel – Kol Ha’ir (newspaper) European , , , Koning, Israel see also Ashkenazi Jews; Russia, Jewish Kook, Rabbi Zvi Yehuda communities in Kuwait fundamentalism immigration , , , , , –, , labour , , , – Arab Jews from former Soviet Union gender-based distribution of , sovereignty ‘Hebrew’ terrorists , , Jewish labour policy ultra-orthodox , , Mizrachi Jews see also Ashkenazi Jews; Mizrachi Jews and Ottoman land reforms The Jews’ Gold (Zertal) ‘slave markets’ Jisr al-Zarqa tabur amliyeh (forced-labour battalions) Johnson, Lyndon B. (US President) workers’ cooperation –, Jordan see also employment; Palestinian labour and War , , , labour market, see employment and War Labour Party (Great Britain) economic conditions in – Labour Party (Israel), see Mapai Palestinian refugees in –, , , laji’un ( refugees) –, –, – Lajnat al-Tawjih (Committee of Guidance) , and Palestinian resistance movement , , , – land relations with Israel , , confiscation of , , , , –, women in , –, see also Hashemites; Transjordan Jewish purchases of Jordanian option and nationalism , , journalism, and post-Zionism – ownership of , Judaism absentee properties , and nationalism in Israel –, orthodox , , private see also ultra-orthodox Jews in West Bank –, Judea and Samaria , –, – and Zionist Movement , , , , , , , Kach (‘so be it’) speculation Kafr Yassif (Galilee) tapu (land and property state register) , Kahana, Meir , Kanafani, Ghasan , see also ethnic cleansing of Palestine Kaplan, Eliezer language, in Palestine –, , Karameh (Jordan) Laor, Yitzhak , Kastner, Israel – Lawrence, T. E. , Katz, Teddy – laws Kazanelson, Berl Hebraic Kedourie, Elie Islamic Kedourie College (Mount Tabor) of Israeli citizenship Kedourie College (Tul-Karem) Jewish religious, in Israel
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in Palestinian occupied territories , Mandate Palestine, see Britain, administration of –, Palestine shari’a (religious law) court , , Mapai (Zionist Labour Party) , , , , vilayet (provinces) law , , , , , – League of Nations and Oslo accords Lebanon Mapam (Hashomer Hazair party) , , and War , and – War –, – maqam (burial site) civil war in – market forces Israeli interventions in and British policies , Ottoman rule of – capitalization Palestinian refugees in , , , , Thatcherite free-market system – see also economic conditions PLO in , , , –, , Maronite militias , southern martyrs, suicide bombers as in World War I Marxist ideologies, among Palestinians see also Beirut massacres –, , , , , Lebanon War – , –, –, – – Mazpen (compass) criticism of , Mbea’d Le-Re’alat Hagalut (Behind the Veil of Lehem (Bread, film, Ram Levi) Exile, film, Ben Shitrit) Leicester, Conlif McCarthyism Levi, Gideon McMahon, Sir Henry Levi, Ram –, Mecca Levin, Hanoch , media coverage Levinger, Rabbi Moshe of Intifada , Levy, Gideon of Sadat’s visit to Israel Liberal Party (Great Britain) see also press Liberal Party (Israel) – Medina liberation movements Me’ilya Libya Meir, Golda , , , , , Likud , , –, , –, Men in the Sun (play, Kanafani) , and Oslo accords merchants, Palestinian – Lilienblum, Moshe Meretz (stamina) literature, Palestinian, Hebrew translations of Messiah, second coming of , , Mi’ari, Muhammad Livnat, Limor Michael, Sami , Lloyd George, David middle classes, Palestinian , ‘local patriotism’ militarism local politics of Israeli society local population , –, , , , criticism of , , , London Society for Promoting Christianity of Zionist Movement , –, –, among the Jews –, , , , – Lutheran Prussian Church military, Israeli, links with industry , Lydda military industry, of Israel , , military rule, of Palestinian occupied territories Ma’alot operation , Ma’arach militias MacDonald, Ramsey Maronite , Madrid peace conference () – Palestinian Mafdal , , , millet (community) Magnes, Yehuda Arab Majdal Jewish , , Majlisiyyun (coalition) Milson, Menachem malaria, fight against – missionaries , –, –
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Mizrachi Jews , –, al-Nasser, Gamal Abd , , –, in ‘anti-peace’ camp and War – and Arab culture – attitude towards Israel , , from Ethiopia and Palestinian cause –, from Morocco – National Authority identity politics by national committees , , Israeli policies towards , –, national identity portrayal of – national narrative – protest movements , National Unified Command (NUC) , , and Wadi Salib uprising – Westernization of – nationalism , modernization Arab –, , , in British Mandate Palestine and cohabitation – and concept of modernity Israeli – of Israel , , , , and Judaism theories of –, , , and land , , monetary system , , , , and modernization theories – Moroccan Jews, see Mizrachi Jews Ottoman , mosques, Muslim Brotherhood’s use of – Palestinian , , –, , Mossad of Young Turk Revolution – Movement for the Liberation of Palestine, see al- and Zionism , Fatah see also nationalist notables Mozkin, Leo nationalist historiographies –, Mr Smith Goes to America (play, Simonov) nationalist notables al Mu’arada (opposition group) , White Paper mufti (Muslim priest) in British Mandate Palestine –, – Muhammad V (King of Morocco) clannish affiliations of Muhammad Ali (Viceroy of Egypt) , , , and community protest movement – economic interests of , – mukhtars (heads of villages) emergence of al-Muntada al-Adabi (national club) and King Abdullah of Transjordan – Muqata leadership of –, – al-Muqawwama (resistance) , , –, organization of – and PLO – musha’ system , – and truck drivers’ strike – music in World War II Arab, in Israeli society – and Zionist Movement –, , – and Mizrachi identity – Nazareth , , , , Muslim Brotherhood , , , nazihun (uprooted) in Palestine – Nazism , , –, Muslim elite, see notables and Arabs Muslim Youth (Islamic party) collaborators – see also Holocaust Nabi Musa (Muslim feast) Ne’eman, Jad Nablus , , , , , , Negev , , al-Nadi al-Arabi (national club) neo-colonialism – nahiya (Ottoman sub-unit) neo-Zionism Nakbah (catastrophe) , , Netanyahu, Benjamin , naming the land ‘new historians’ (revisionists) Napoleon Bonaparte , Newman, Bernard Napoleonic Code News from Within (Mezad Sheni, journal) al-Naqab, see also Negev Nidal, Abu , al-Nashashibi, Fakhri Nimr family al-Nashashibi, Raghib Nissim, Rabbi Yaacov Nashashibi family , , , , , Nobel Peace Prize, for Sadat and Begin
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non-Zionists Palace Hotel (Jerusalem) North African Jews – Palestine North Korea books and travelogues on – notables (noble families) British Mandate Palestine, see Britain, and War , administration of Palestine and Egyptian rule Egyptian rule of – Hashemites ethnic cleansing of, see ethnic cleansing of in Israel , Palestine in Jordan – geo-political entities of , and Ottoman rule , , –, occupation of, see Palestinian occupied sheikhs – territories urban , , – Ottoman rule of, see Ottoman Palestine women – partition of, see partition of Palestine World War I refugees from, see Palestinian refugees and Young Turk Revolution –, in World War I see also nationalist notables Palestine Exploration Fund – Palestine Foundation Fund occupations, see employment Palestine Liberation Army (PLA) Ofira Palestine Liberation Organization, see PLO Ohalim (‘tents’) Palestine National Council (PNC) , , , oil industry , , Olympic Games in Munich Palestine Native Church Council Operation Defence Shield Palestine War – Or, Theodore and Arab states , – Orian, Dan armistice lines , , Orient House (Jerusalem) , and demography , , Orientalism (Said) historiography of , –, orthodox Judaism , , Jewish deaths in see also Jewish millet; ultra-orthodox Jews and Oslo accords Oslo accords –, Palestinian perspective of collapse of , –, paramilitary units Declaration of Principles (DoP) –, truces , see also Nakbah (catastrophe) economic component of – Palestinian Authority (PA) –, interim agreement –, and pacification – and Rabin Palestinian labour and ‘security doves’ in British Mandate Palestine , , ‘other’, portrayal of – and Intifada –, – Ottoman empire – in Israel – administrative divisions in , , and Jewish settlements in occupied territories collapse of , , , Tanzimat reforms –, , , , – and Oslo accords in World War I in Ottoman Palestine , and Young Turk Revolution –, Palestinian leadership , , –, and Zionist movement in Jerusalem , Ottoman Palestine , –, , –, –, in World War II – Palestinian literature, Hebrew translations of attitudes towards Palestinians in , , , , , –, Palestinian militias economic conditions in – Palestinian minority in Israel , –, , Palestinian labour in , , – protest movements in collapse of Muslim structure religion in , and Intifada Zionist Movement in – Israeli policies towards –, –, Oz, Amos –, –
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Palestinian minority in Israel (cont.) Paris Congress () and Palestinians in occupied territories parity principle studies of partition of Palestine , Palestinian nationalism , , , and annexations by Arab states role of Christians in , – and British Mandate Palestine Palestinian occupied territories – and demography , civil society in and Jordanian annexations , economic conditions in –, , –, Palestinian rejection of , – and Russia , elections in , –, , , , and United Nations , , , Intifada in –, and USA , , and Israeli Palestinians and Zionist Movement – and Israeli security wall , see also ethnic cleansing of Palestine and Israeli society –, – Pasha, Abdul Rahman Jewish settlements in , –, , Passfield, Lord –, , PDFLP (Popular Democratic Front for the and Oslo accords , Liberation of Palestine) , , , see also Zionist settlements peace PLO in –, , possibilities of, and Israeli society – Palestinian politicians , ‘Road Map to’ , , Palestinian refugees – ‘peace camp’, in Israel –, after War peace conferences on Palestine, Madrid and war – – in camps –, –, , , , peace negotiations, at Camp David () – Peace Now movement –, , , , employment of – in Gulf states , peace plan, ‘custodians’ internal peace process , , , and Oslo accords American involvement with –, and PLO , –, , , , – repatriation and resettlement of –, , capitalization of , and political Islam right of return for , , Peel, Lord William and United Nations , Peel plan – see also Gaza Strip; Jordan; Lebanon; Syria; The People, Food Fit for a King (Laor) West Bank Peres, Shimon , , , , , Palestinian resistance movement , , , Persian Gulf states, see Gulf states , –, , – PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of and Jordan , , – Palestine) , , , , , Palestinian society Phalangists Palestinian state , , , , , Picot, George The Palestinian Woman (play, Sobol) – see also Sykes–Picot Agreement Palestinians pilgrimages attitudes towards , Pinsker, Leon in British Mandate Palestine , , , Plan D – and Greater Israel ideology , , playwrights in Ottoman Palestine , , , –, Palestinian in Israel, see Palestinian minority in Israel post-Zionist , self-rule of PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) see also Palestinian state –, , , and USA –, , –, Declaration of Independence () –, Palin Commission Palmach , , and Intifada pan-Arabism , , in Jordan –, Paris agreement () in Lebanon , , , –, ,
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and Oslo accords – Catholic and Anglican priests in in Palestinian occupied territories –, Day of the Land , Israeli , –, , and partition of Palestine Mizrachi , and political Islam and Sabra and Shatilla massacres Programme of Stages – in Ottoman Palestine role of women in strikes , – Soviet Union Wadi Salib in Tunis , , , see also Palestinian resistance and United Nations Protestants PNC, see Palestinian National Council Po’alei Zion Small Qadafi, Mu’amar poetry qadi (local judge) Arab and Palestinian, Hebrew translations of al-Qaeda Qalqilya poets Qari’, Ahmad (Abu Ala) post-Zionist Qasim, Abd al-Karim , Poets will Write no Poems (Hamerman and al-Qassam, Izz al-Din (Syrian preacher) Rosen) – political elites, see notables al-Qawmiyyun al-Arab , , political Islam –, – al-Qawuqji, Fawzi in Gaza Strip , – Qaysi family and Intifada Qeren ha-Qayemet, see Jewish National Fund in Israel – Qibyya massacre Palestinian , , , –, , Qiryat Arba –, al-Quds, see Jerusalem Shiite – al-Quds (newspaper) politicians, Palestinian , politics , rabbis of Arafat , , , , , , Rabin, Yitzhak , , of identity assassination of , by women leader of Labour Party in Israel , and peace negotiations , religious – prime minister , local Ramallah , Pope Pius VI Ramleh ‘popular framework’ committees reconstructing history – popular singers, in Israel Red Army (Japan) population figures, see demography Red Brigades post-Zionism , –, –, , Red Crescent, in Palestinian occupied territories –, demise of – ‘redeemers’ , – film-makers –, – refugees, see Palestinian refugees and journalism – religion playwrights , awqaf (endowments) –, poetry fatwas (religious rulings) , writers – in Israel , press , , in Ottoman Palestine , Israeli , and violence Palestinian see also Islam; Judaism process (nature of term) , repatriation and resettlement, of Palestinian protest movements refugees –, , , of revolt against Egyptian rule return, right of, for Palestinian refugees to , of revolt –, , , in British Mandate Palestine , , – ‘revisionists’ (new historians)
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revolts, see conflicts; Intifada ; Intifadat al- secret services, Israeli , , , , , , Aqsa; protest movements , , rhetoric, anti-Semitic, of political Islam secularism ‘Road Map to Peace’ , , among Jews Rogers, William , in Islam Romeo and Juliet, as metaphor for Arab–Jewish in Israel relationships ‘security doves’ Ron, Moshe security forces, Palestinian Rosen, Roli security wall between West Bank and Israel Rothschild, Baron Edmond de , –, , Rothschild family Segev, Tom Roveh Huliot (A Toy Gun, film) Sepharadi Jews, see Jewish millet ruling classes, see notables The Seventh Million (Segev) Rupin, Arthur – shabab (Arab youth) rural life Shabak , in British Mandate Palestine , , –, see also secret services, Israeli Shafamru , clans (hamula) , Shamgar, Meir in ex-Mandate Palestine Shamir, Yitzhak , , –, , harath (rural proletariat) – shanty towns in Ottoman Palestine –, Shapira, Haim Moshe peasants , , , , , – Sharett, Moshe , , –, –, , and political Islam sheikhs (rural chieftains) , –, , , , Sharon, Ariel , , and War villages , , , , , , , , and Gaza Strip – and Greater Israel ideology – World War I igniting al-Aqsa intifada , , see also urban life and invasion of Lebanon Russell, Reverend Michael and Likud , Russia policies regarding PLO Jewish communities in , , , prime minister – and partition of Palestine , and Sabra and Shatilla massacres see also Soviet Union Shas (party) , Russian Orthodox Church Shatilla Shaw Commission –, Sabra sheikhs (rural chieftains) , –, , , , Sadat, Anwar – , , visit to Israel – shihrur (liberation from yoke of the diaspora) Safad Said, Edward Shiite Islam al-Said, Nuri in Lebanon – Salameh, Hassan Shin Beit Samaria and Judea , –, – Shinui (change) Samed (welfare organization) Shohat, Ellah Habib – Samua’ al-Shuqairi, Ahmad , , Samuel, Herbert , , Simonov, Konstantine sanjaq (Ottoman sub-province) , –, Sinai Peninsula Saudi Arabia and War financial assistance to PLO Egyptian forces in Schellendorf, General von interim agreement about scholars Israeli army in , – Israeli , Israeli occupation of , , Palestinian , Israel’s attitude towards Schumacher, Yossef Kfar Qassem massacre
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returned to Egypt , and USA – in Suez War () in World War I in World War I see also Greater Syria; ‘Southern Syria’ Sindyanat al-Galil Six Day War, see War Tabenkin, Yizhak Sobol, Yehoshua – Taha, Sami social classes , – Tamir, Shmuel see also middle classes; notables Tantura , , – social policies Tanzimat reforms –, , , , – socialism , tawaqim (teams) in Israel taxation policies , , , , , South Lebanon Army Tekkuma (television series) – South Yemen Tel al-Suq ‘Southern Syria’ – Tel-Aviv –, , , Southern Syria (newspaper) in War Soviet Union television dramas, Israeli – arms supplies to PLO Templar order , –, end of Tenuat Mizrahim Israelis (TAMI) immigration of Jews from ‘territorial Zionists’, see Zionist settlements Jewish communities in terrorism –, , , and Middle East , by militant Islamists see also Russia Israeli retaliations against , , , , spiritual practices , , see also religion Jewish , , St George’s College (Jerusalem) see also suicide bombings statehood theatre, Israeli, portrayal of Arabs in – Stern Gang , Tiberias Straits of Tiran , tourism Strickland, Charles trade union organizations , , , , strikes , –, see also Histadrut subaltern society , –, , , , tradition and custom –, , , Suez Canal , traditionalism Suez War () , – ‘transitional’ period Sufism Transjordan (later Jordan) , , , , suicide bombings , , , , , see also Abdullah ibn Husayn; Jordan –, , travelogues, on Palestine sultaniyya school , Truman, Harry (US President) Sun, Aris Tunis, PLO in , , , Supreme Muslim Council , Turco-German military alliance Swisa, Albert Turki, Fawaz – Syda Sykes, Sir Mark UAR (United Arab Republic) Sykes–Picot Agreement – Uganda , Syria ulama (hierarchy) – and War Palestinian and War ultra-orthodox Jews , and – Gulf War anti-Zionism of and British Mandate Palestine al-Umar, Dahir French control of United Arab Republic (UAR) interventions in Lebanon United Nations and Israel , and War Ottoman rule of – and British Mandate Palestine , Palestinian refugees in , – Geneva Conventions , Palestinian resistance – International Women’s Day union with Egypt (UAR) and Jenin refugee camp bombing
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United Nations (cont.) Weizmann, Ezer , and Palestinian refugees , Weizmann, Haim , , , , , , , and partition of Palestine , , , peace efforts by welfare services, for Palestinians Resolution West, Cornell Resolution , , West Bank Resolution – in War , , , Resolution administration of see also UNRWA; UNSCOP division of United States, see USA economic history of – University of Haifa , Hashemite rule of – University of Herzliya Israeli occupation of , , –, UNRWA (UN Relief and Works Agency) – –, , , , , and Oslo accords schools run by and Palestinian Authority – UNSCOP (UN Special Committee on and Palestinian refugees Palestine) – Palestinian refugees on –, uprisings, see conflicts; Intifada ; Intifadat political Islam on al-Aqsa; protest movements tawaqim in urban life –, , , , , , Wilson, Woodrow (US President) , see also rural life Wingate, Orde USA women –, , , and Aswan Dam project notables – and British Mandate Palestine , and political Islam and Egypt role in Intifada – and Gulf War – – in Sindyanat al-Galil invasion of Iraq () in Zionist Movement and Israel , , Woodhead Commission Jewish lobby in , workers, see employment; labour and Middle East peace process –, World Trade Center, attacked by Bin Laden –, , , , – () and Palestinians –, , –, World War I , –, , , and partition of Palestine , , World War II – and Syria – writers, post-Zionist – and World Trade Center attack – Usishiqin, Menachem , Yad be-Yad Usrat al-Jihad (Jihad Family) Yadin, Yigal USSR, see Soviet Union Yamani family Yamit Vaad Leumi (Jewish parliament) Yaring, Gunar Viet Cong , Yassin, Shaych Ahmad villages , , , , , , , , Yehud hagalil violence, justified by religion The Yellow Wind (Grossman) Yemen Wadi Ara’ (Little Triangle) , , , , Jews from , – yerida (descent) Wadi Salib riots –, Yeruham Wahhabiyya rulers Yesh Gvul movement Wailing Wall Yishuv (settlement), see Zionist Movement waqf (holy endowment) Yizhar, S. , Watani (territorial nationalists) Yossef, Rabbi Ovadia water , Yosseff, Dov Wauchope, Arthur young people, see children and young al-Wazir, Khalil (Abu Jihad) , people Webb, Sidney Young Turk Revolution (–) –,
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Zertal, Idit leadership of , , –, , Zayad, Tawfiq , militarism of , –, –, –, Zichron Yaacov colony , , , , – Zion (land of Israel) and Mizrachi Jews Zionism (Gover) and nationalist notables –, , Zionist Congress – – Zionist enclave (–) –, and Nazism Zionist Left , in Ottoman Palestine – Zionist Movement – and partition of Palestine – and White Paper – women in Aliya , in World War I in British Mandate Palestine , –, , in World War II – –, , , , , , , see also Israel (state); Jewish Agency and cohabitation Zionist Organization for the Settlement of the colonizing energy , – Land of Palestine criticism of , Zionist settlements , see also post-Zionism in War financing of , , biluim (pioneers) historiography by – Gush Emunim movement , , , , and Holocaust –, , ideology of , , , –, , and Jewish Agency nationalism , in Ottoman Palestine and landownership , , , , , , ,
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