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Teză De Doctorat IOSUD – UNIVERSITATEA „DUNĂREA DE JOS” DIN GALAȚI Școala doctorală de Științe socio-umane TEZĂ DE DOCTORAT STRUCTURI MITICE ȘI SIMBOLICE ÎN PROZA SCURTĂ A SCRIITORILOR ȘAIZECIȘTI – REZUMAT – Președinte Prof. univ. dr. NICOLETA IFRIM Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos” din Galați Conducător de doctorat Prof. univ. dr. DOINIȚA-MARCELA MILEA Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos” din Galați Referent oficial Prof. univ. dr. EUGENIA-SIMONA ANTOFI Universitatea „Dunărea de Jos” din Galați Referent oficial Prof. univ. dr. IULIAN BOLDEA Universitatea de Medicină, Farmacie, Științe și Tehnologie „George Emil Palade” din Târgu Mureș Prof. univ. dr. GHEORGHE MANOLACHE Referent oficial Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” din Sibiu Doctorand GABRIELA CIOBANU Seria U2: Filologie-Română Nr.19 GALAŢI 2019 Cuprins INTRODUCERE..........................................................................................................................................4 1. Proza scurtă postbelică – pe diagonalele unei receptări. Generația șaizecistă.................................11 2. Repere teoretice: realism mitic și imaginar simbolic..........................................................................19 3. De la imaginarul tradițional la fantasticul modern în proza scurtă șaizecistă. Dialectica modelelor....................................................................................................................................................27 3.1. Fănuș Neagu – între elogiu și tăgadă...............................................................................................29 3.2. Ștefan Bănulescu – realismul magic................................................................................................44 3.3. George Bălăiță și experimentele narative........................................................................................51 3.4. Sorin Titel – de la realism la onirism...............................................................................................56 3.5. D.R. Popescu – „sub semnul violenței”...........................................................................................59 3.6. Nicolae Breban – obsesia puterii.....................................................................................................63 4. Toposul imaginar...................................................................................................................................67 4.1. Coordonatele universului rural și ale celui urban............................................................................70 4.2. Interioarele – încăperile sufletului...................................................................................................92 4.3. Poetica drumului............................................................................................................................110 4.4. Câmpia/Bărăganul.........................................................................................................................123 5. Stihialul.................................................................................................................................................130 5.1. Simboluri acvatice (de la apa infernală la apa vieții și setea de absolut).......................................130 5.2. Extremele meteorologice (viscolul, gerul și canicula)...................................................................144 6. Trepte ale căutării de sine...................................................................................................................163 6.1. Mit universal – mit personal..........................................................................................................165 6.2. Ieșirea din real – stări extatice, vis sau reverie..............................................................................181 6.3. Vegetalul – dublu uman și axă existențială...................................................................................193 6.4. Arhetipuri animaliere.....................................................................................................................103 7. Destin și mit..........................................................................................................................................218 7.1. Erotism și magie............................................................................................................................218 7.2. Criza unei trăiri..............................................................................................................................236 7.3. În oglinda trecutului și memoriei...................................................................................................248 8. Infernalul – lumi în derivă..................................................................................................................252 8.1. Războiul – la limita umanității.......................................................................................................252 8.2. Infernul interior..............................................................................................................................258 8.3. Confruntarea cu moartea................................................................................................................272 CONCLUZII............................................................................................................................................284 BIBLIOGRAFIE......................................................................................................................................293 INDEX.......................................................................................................................................................315 Structuri mitice și simbolice în proza scurtă a scriitorilor șaizeciști – Rezumat – Cuvintele-cheie ale lucrării de față sunt următoarele: mit, arhetip, simbol, Bărăgan, câmpie, interior, sat, oraș, drum, simbol acvatic, vegetal, vis, erotism, magie, război, moarte, infern, viscol, ger, caniculă, Fănuș Neagu, Ștefan Bănulescu, George Bălăiță, Sorin Titel, D. R. Popescu, Nicolae Breban. Teza de doctorat Structuri mitice și simbolice în proza scurtă a scriitorilor șaizeciști a urmărit studiul aprofundat al temelor, simbolurilor, arhetipurilor culturale reflectate în proza scurtă a scriitorilor Fănuș Neagu, Ștefan Bănulescu, George Bălăiță, Sorin Titel, D. R. Popescu și Nicolae Breban, interpretarea relațiilor care se stabilesc între acestea, punerea în evidență a valorii estetice a operelor abordate, realizarea unei sinteze, dintr-o perspectivă nouă, a literaturii amintite. Evident nu este posibilă o separare categorică a acestor teme, motive, lanțuri simbolice. De aceea, din rațiuni de coerență a interpretării oferite, am optat pentru analiza unor opere ca întreg, ca totalitate purtătoare de sens, și pentru o segmentare minimă a narațiunilor bine închegate din punctul de vedere al referințelor mitice. De asemenea, am avut în vedere discutarea modului în care scriitorii amintiți contribuie la schimbarea paradigmei narative, prin propunerea unor formule epice originale. Am pornit în structurarea acestei lucrări, pe de o parte, de la premisa că proza scurtă a generației ʽ60 nu este, cel puțin în cazul scriitorilor asupra cărora am ales să insist, doar un exercițiu pregătitor pentru roman, altfel spus nu se subscrie unui gen minor, ci este prin ea însăși o contribuție importantă la remodernizarea literaturii române, marcând desprinderea treptată de politic. Iar, pe de altă parte, de la ideea că abordarea acestor texte dintr-o perspectivă mitic- arhetipală ar putea releva coerența unor narațiuni care sunt puse adesea doar sub semnul magicului, ludicului sau absurdului. Pentru că adesea critica literară valorizează romanele reprezentanților generației amintite, abordându-le din perspective diverse, iar povestirile și nuvelele sunt privite cel mai adesea prin prisma tematicii și a dominantelor stilistice, am considerat că este necesară și o abordare mitico- arhetipală a acestor narațiuni. De aceea, am propus o analiză plecând de la temele recurente în opera acestor prozatori (vârstele omului, destinul, călătoria, iubirea, timpul, moartea, războiul), pentru fiecare dintre teme detaliind rețeaua de simboluri care contribuie la generarea mesajului textelor. Un loc important l-am acordat și prezentării structurilor arhetipale care definesc toposul acestor narațiuni, pentru că spațiile în care se plasează acțiunea sau cele pe care personajele le proiectează devin adesea suprapersonaje cu o existență autonomă. M-am oprit asupra evoluției unor simboluri și arhetipuri culturale în literatura română, insistând asupra celor care prefigurează utilizarea lor în proza generației amintite. De aceea am avut în vedere, în principal, o abordare mitic-arhetipală pentru identificarea structurilor simbolice și a modului în care acestea se integrează în rețeaua de semnificații a textelor, abordare utilă, mai ales, în cazul povestirilor de tip parabolă, dar și în cazul celor în care realismul capătă valențe mitice. Acest tip de abordare a fost îmbinată cu cea stilistică, dar și cu alte direcții critice, cu cea fenomenologică sau psihanalitică astfel încât să se poată pune în evidență complexitatea operelor avute în vedere. Lucrarea de față analizează opera a șase scriitori reprezentativi pentru generația amintită: Fănuș Neagu, Ștefan Bănulescu, George Bălăiță, Sorin Titel, D. R. Popescu și Nicolae Breban, dar se oprește desigur și asupra altor prozatori care au publicat, în perioada debutului,
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