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The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften Des Historischen Kollegs
The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften des Historischen Kollegs Herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching Kolloquien 91 The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Herausgegeben von Holger Afflerbach An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org Schriften des Historischen Kollegs herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching in Verbindung mit Georg Brun, Peter Funke, Karl-Heinz Hoffmann, Martin Jehne, Susanne Lepsius, Helmut Neuhaus, Frank Rexroth, Martin Schulze Wessel, Willibald Steinmetz und Gerrit Walther Das Historische Kolleg fördert im Bereich der historisch orientierten Wissenschaften Gelehrte, die sich durch herausragende Leistungen in Forschung und Lehre ausgewiesen haben. Es vergibt zu diesem Zweck jährlich bis zu drei Forschungsstipendien und zwei Förderstipendien sowie alle drei Jahre den „Preis des Historischen Kollegs“. Die Forschungsstipendien, deren Verleihung zugleich eine Auszeichnung für die bisherigen Leis- tungen darstellt, sollen den berufenen Wissenschaftlern während eines Kollegjahres die Möglich- keit bieten, frei von anderen Verpflichtungen eine größere Arbeit abzuschließen. Professor Dr. Hol- ger Afflerbach (Leeds/UK) war – zusammen mit Professor Dr. Paul Nolte (Berlin), Dr. Martina Steber (London/UK) und Juniorprofessor Simon Wendt (Frankfurt am Main) – Stipendiat des Historischen Kollegs im Kollegjahr 2012/2013. Den Obliegenheiten der Stipendiaten gemäß hat Holger Afflerbach aus seinem Arbeitsbereich ein Kolloquium zum Thema „Der Sinn des Krieges. Politische Ziele und militärische Instrumente der kriegführenden Parteien von 1914–1918“ vom 21. -
UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order Online
UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order online Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Glossary 1. Executive Summary The 1999 Offensive The Chain of Command The War Crimes Tribunal Abuses by the KLA Role of the International Community 2. Background Introduction Brief History of the Kosovo Conflict Kosovo in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Kosovo in the 1990s The 1998 Armed Conflict Conclusion 3. Forces of the Conflict Forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslav Army Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs Paramilitaries Chain of Command and Superior Responsibility Stucture and Strategy of the KLA Appendix: Post-War Promotions of Serbian Police and Yugoslav Army Members 4. march–june 1999: An Overview The Geography of Abuses The Killings Death Toll,the Missing and Body Removal Targeted Killings Rape and Sexual Assault Forced Expulsions Arbitrary Arrests and Detentions Destruction of Civilian Property and Mosques Contamination of Water Wells Robbery and Extortion Detentions and Compulsory Labor 1 Human Shields Landmines 5. Drenica Region Izbica Rezala Poklek Staro Cikatovo The April 30 Offensive Vrbovac Stutica Baks The Cirez Mosque The Shavarina Mine Detention and Interrogation in Glogovac Detention and Compusory Labor Glogovac Town Killing of Civilians Detention and Abuse Forced Expulsion 6. Djakovica Municipality Djakovica City Phase One—March 24 to April 2 Phase Two—March 7 to March 13 The Withdrawal Meja Motives: Five Policeman Killed Perpetrators Korenica 7. Istok Municipality Dubrava Prison The Prison The NATO Bombing The Massacre The Exhumations Perpetrators 8. Lipljan Municipality Slovinje Perpetrators 9. Orahovac Municipality Pusto Selo 10. Pec Municipality Pec City The “Cleansing” Looting and Burning A Final Killing Rape Cuska Background The Killings The Attacks in Pavljan and Zahac The Perpetrators Ljubenic 11. -
The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover. -
Leadership and Operational Art in World War II
he U.S. Army’s reputation for effectiveness during World War T II has not fared well over time, particularly regarding the European theater of operations. This is surprising given what the Army accomplished. Just to refresh the reader’s memory, the United States went to war with a small, impoverished Army that conducted maneuvers with wooden weapons and borrowed vehicles in the years leading up to World War II. Yet within 12 months of Germany declaring war on the United States, the Army invaded North Africa and knocked Vichy French forces out of the war. In another 12 months, it knocked Italy out of the war. And 12 months later, the Army was on the border of Germany, having just defeated Adolf Hitler’s last-gasp effort to stop the Allied onslaught. Nevertheless, these achievements seem to have diminished over time. By way of illustration, ask any military of- ficer which of the following factors best explains U.S. victories in the European theater during World War II: • Army leaders executed an organi- zational miracle in quickly creating Left to right, Henry H. Arnold, Joseph T. competent armies that won a series McNarney, George C. Marshall, Brehon of victories from North Africa to the B. Somervell, and Lesley J. McNair (NDU Special Collections) heart of Germany. • The Russians did the preponderance of fighting, leaving an exhausted Wehrmacht to be mopped up by the relatively incapable Army. • The American people tightened their Leadership and collective belt so U.S. and Russian forces together could overwhelm the German military with vastly superior Operational Art in numbers of . -
Serbia in 2001 Under the Spotlight
1 Human Rights in Transition – Serbia 2001 Introduction The situation of human rights in Serbia was largely influenced by the foregoing circumstances. Although the severe repression characteristic especially of the last two years of Milosevic’s rule was gone, there were no conditions in place for dealing with the problems accumulated during the previous decade. All the mechanisms necessary to ensure the exercise of human rights - from the judiciary to the police, remained unchanged. However, the major concern of citizens is the mere existential survival and personal security. Furthermore, the general atmosphere in the society was just as xenophobic and intolerant as before. The identity crisis of the Serb people and of all minorities living in Serbia continued. If anything, it deepened and the relationship between the state and its citizens became seriously jeopardized by the problem of Serbia’s undefined borders. The crisis was manifest with regard to certain minorities such as Vlachs who were believed to have been successfully assimilated. This false belief was partly due to the fact that neighbouring Romania had been in a far worse situation than Yugoslavia during the past fifty years. In considerably changed situation in Romania and Serbia Vlachs are now undergoing the process of self identification though still unclear whether they would choose to call themselves Vlachs or Romanians-Vlachs. Considering that the international factor has become the main generator of change in Serbia, the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia believes that an accurate picture of the situation in Serbia is absolutely necessary. It is essential to establish the differences between Belgrade and the rest of Serbia, taking into account its internal diversities. -
Draža Mihailović“ the Ideological and Political Foundation
Edition STUDIES AND MONOGRAPHS Publisher INSTITUTE OF CONTEMPORARY HISTORY For the Publisher Momčilo Pavlović Ph. D. Reviewed by Bojan B. Dimitrijević Ph. D. Nebojša Popović, Ph. D. Peter Radan, Dean and Professor of Law Macquarie Law School, Macquarie University, Sydney Australia Translated from Serbian by Nenad M. Peleš Graphical Design Mladen Acković Photo on the cover General Damjanović, Petar Laković and Momčilo Djujić April 13, 1946. ISBN 978-86-7403-155-1 The financing of this book participated by the Serbian Ministry of Education and Science Kosta Nikolić THE SERBIAN POLITICAL EMIGRATION IN WESTERN EUROPE 1945–1956 Belgrade 2011 str. 4 bela CONTENTS PREFACE..................................................................................................... 7 Chapter I MILITARY CAREER OF THE GENERAL MIODRAG DAMJANOVIĆ IN THE KINGDOM OF SERBIA AND THE KINGDOM OF SCS/YUGOSLAVIA...... 9 Chapter II IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR IN THE APRIL WAR OF 1941.......................................................................... 21 IN GERMAN CAPTIVITY................................................................................ 26 FROM GENERAL NEDIĆ TO GENERAL MIHAILOVIĆ..................................... 41 TO SLOVENIA OR SERBIA............................................................................ 53 THE MASSACRE IN SLOVENIA..................................................................... 65 Chapter III IN EMIGRATION...................................................................................... 71 AT THE COMMUNIST COURT...................................................................... -
George C. Marshall and the Education of Army Leaders
The following essay was initially published in Military Review 68 (October 1988): 27− 37. This journal is published at the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Slight modifications and corrections have been made in the version below. George C. Marshall and the Education of Army Leaders By Larry I. Bland At all levels of United States society today, there is a strong current of concern with "leadership"—its present quality and the hope that it can be improved via the education of the younger generation. Every student of the past’s great captains can produce a lengthy catalog of important leadership characteristics. Certainly high on such lists is the leader’s dedication, beyond mere technical expertise, to an understanding of his calling and of its role in society. Less often perceived, perhaps, by those who study the careers of military leaders is that many such leaders have consciously and subtly sought to teach their subordinates, peers, and sometimes even their superiors. In part, this teacher role sprang from the leaders’ determination to disseminate certain views and, in part, the mantle was thrust upon them by those who wished to accompany, assist, or emulate their journey. One of the Army’s greatest teacher-leaders was George C. Marshall. He was a tolerant, broad-minded student of the history and development of his profession, who sought to teach the lessons he learned to the younger generation of ground and air leaders. For these reasons, and most importantly because he served as chief of staff of the US Army between July 1939 and November 1945, his world view acted as a kind of filter through which flowed the military ideas and values of a large number of World War II Army and Air Force leaders. -
War in the Balkans, 1991-2002
WAR IN THE BALKANS, 1991-2002 R. Craig Nation August 2003 ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 122 Forbes Ave., Carlisle, PA 17013-5244. Copies of this report may be obtained from the Publications Office by calling (717) 245-4133, FAX (717) 245-3820, or be e-mail at [email protected] ***** Most 1993, 1994, and all later Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) monographs are available on the SSI Homepage for electronic dissemination. SSI’s Homepage address is: http://www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/ ***** The Strategic Studies Institute publishes a monthly e-mail newsletter to update the national security community on the research of our analysts, recent and forthcoming publications, and upcoming conferences sponsored by the Institute. Each newsletter also provides a strategic commentary by one of our research analysts. If you are interested in receiving this newsletter, please let us know by e-mail at [email protected] or by calling (717) 245-3133. ISBN 1-58487-134-2 ii CONTENTS Foreword . v Preface . vii Map of the Balkan Region. viii 1. The Balkan Region in World Politics . 1 2. The Balkans in the Short 20th Century . 43 3. The State of War: Slovenia and Croatia, 1991-92. -
R. SENATE Amendment (Rept
4498 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 17 Office and Post Roads at 10 a. m., Wed resolution to extend the provisions of the Springs and Grain Valley, Mo., urging enact nesday, May 19, 1943, to consider H. R. Bituminous Coal Act of 1937 for a period of ment of HoUEe bill 2082 as a war measure; 687. Public hearings will be held. 90 days; without amendment (Rept. No. to the Committee on the Judiciary. - · 450). Referred to the COmmittee of the 759. By Mr. LAMBERTSON: Petition of COMMITTEE ON IMMIGRATION AND Whole House on the state of the Union. Rev. Wright M. Horton, and 21 other citizens NATURALIZATION Mr. SASSCER: Committee on Naval Affairs. of Frankfort, Kans., and community, urging The Committee on Immigration and S. 879. An act to amend the act entitled support of House bill 2082, introduced by,. Hon. "An act authorizing a reduction in the course JosEPH R. BRYSON, of South Carolina, to re Naturalization will hold hearings at 10 of instruction at the Naval Academy,"- ap duce absenteeism, conserve manpow-er, and a.m. on Wednesday, May 19 and Thurs proved June 3, 1941 (55 Stat. 2~8) without speed production of materials necessary for day, May 20, 1943, on all bills dealing amendment (Rept. No. 451) . Referred to the the winning of the war, by prohibiting the .with the Chinese Exclusion Act, H. R. Committee of the Who1e House on the state manufacture, sale, or transportation of alco 1882, H. R. 2309, H. R. 2428, and H. R. of the Union. holic liquors in the United States for the 2429. -
Airpower and Ground Armies : Essays on the Evolution of Anglo-American Air Doctrine
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Airpower and ground armies : essays on the evolution of Anglo-American air doctrine. 1940- 1943/ editor, Daniel R Mortensen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Air power-Great Britain-History. 2. Air power-United States-History. 3. World War, 1939-1945- Aerial operations, British, 4. World War, 1939-1945-Aerial operations, American. 5. World War, 1939-1945-Campaigns-Africa, North. 6. Operation Torch. I. Mortensen, Daniel R. UG635.G7A89 1998 358.4’03-dc21 97-46744 CIP Digitize December 2002 from 1998 Printing NOTE: Pagination changed Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public release: distribution unlimited. Table of Contents Page DISCLAIMER ..................................................................................................................... i FORWARD........................................................................................................................ iii ABOUT THE EDITOR .......................................................................................................v INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. vi GETTING TOGETHER ......................................................................................................1 -
Kosovo, Nato, and Strategic Bombing
The Lessons and Non-Lessons of the Air and Missile Campaign in Kosovo Anthony H. Cordesman Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy Revised August, 2000 Copyright Anthony H. Cordesman, all rights reserved. The Air and Missile Campaign in Kosovo 9/17/03 Page ii Table of Contents I. THE LESSONS AND NON-LESSONS OF THE NATO AIR AND MISSILE CAMPAIGN IN KOSOVO .1 II. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: THE COURSE AND CHARACTER OF THE NATO CAMPAIGN .....................................................................................................................................................................................3 BOSNIA AND THE DAYTON ACCORDS BECOME THE PRELUDE TO WAR IN KOSOVO................................................. 4 THE DIPLOMATIC PRELUDE ..................................................................................................................................... 6 PEACE TALKS END IN WAR ................................................................................................................................... 13 Serbia’s Grand Strategic and Tactical Mistakes .............................................................................................13 NATO’s Blundering into Large-Scale War ......................................................................................................14 OPERATION ALLIED FORCE: THE AIR AND MISSILE CAMPAIGN ............................................................................. 16 The Phases and Non-Phases of the Air and Missile Campaign .......................................................................17 -
Newspaper Content in Occupied Lille, Roubaix, and Tourcoing Candice Addie Quinn Marquette University
Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Dissertations (2009 -) Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Projects A Want of News in an Occupied Zone: Newspaper Content in Occupied Lille, Roubaix, and Tourcoing Candice Addie Quinn Marquette University Recommended Citation Quinn, Candice Addie, "A Want of News in an Occupied Zone: Newspaper Content in Occupied Lille, Roubaix, and Tourcoing" (2011). Dissertations (2009 -). Paper 165. http://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/165 A WANT FOR NEWS IN AN OCCUPIED ZONE: NEWSPAPER CONTENT IN OCCUPIED LILLE, ROUBAIX, AND TOURCOING by Candice Addie Quinn, B.A., M.A. A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degreee of Doctor of Philosophy Milwaukee, Wisconsin December 2011 ABSTRACT A WANT OF NEWS IN AN OCCUPIED ZONE: NEWSPAPER CONTENT IN OCCUPIED LILLE, ROUBAIX, AND TOURCOING, 1914-1918 Candice Addie Quinn, B.A., M.A. Marquette University, 2011 The purpose of this dissertation is to ascertain exactly what news people in the occupied zone of France received during the First World War, in an attempt to assess the general assumption that the people of occupied France received little to no news. It is certain that the people in the occupied cities of Lille, Roubaix, and Tourcoing received less news than before the occupation, and most of the news they did receive came from an untrusted source, namely the German occupiers. However, research for this dissertation reveals that the cities at the urban heart of northern France, Lille, Roubaix, and Tourcoing, received more news than historians previously have believed. Research for this dissertation comprised of reviewing all the sources available in Lille, Roubaix, and Tourcong during the occupation, which included German-controlled newspapers produced in France and Belgium, a short-lived clandestine press, and newspapers published outside the occupied zone covertly imported into the cities.