1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3773 The following-named officers for perma­ Gustave "A" Sund- Charles W. Hubbell.- the name as previously nominated and con­ nent appointment to the grade of com· quist, Jr. William H. Neal III firmed: mander in the Supply Corps of the Navy: Max P. Bauersfeld, Jr. William H. Bolt, Jr. Barron G. Lowrey Donnelley S. Embree Raymond F. Parker Frank W. Ayers Harry R. McRae, Jr. Pierre D. Colllns Robert H. Northwood Orazio Simonell1 Harry D. Metke The following-named officer for permanent Charles L. LaBonte William J. Held Herbert C. Rand Charles E. Gainor appointment to the grade of captain in the Robert F. Lynch William M. Porter Raymond G. Wyll1e Karl H. Imholte Medical Corps of the Navy to correct the Frederick F. Fallis Charles Stein, Jr. Harold M. Sanderson Gaylord B. Lyon spelling of the name as previously nominated William A. Evans John W. Neel Russell L. Reiserer Merle J. Randleman and confirmed: Bernhard II. Bieri, Jr. Donald v. Wengrovius Richard G . .AugenblickRichard H. Mllls Paul Vaughan The foll9wing named officers for perma­ Robert S. Schreiber Robert D. Oakley, Jr. The following-named officers for perma­ nent appointment to the grade of com­ Percy E. Kedigh Robert c. Cochran nent appointment to the grade of com­ m ander in the Chaplain Corps of the Navy: Frank P. Morrison Edward A. Arnold, Jr. mander in the line of the Navy to correct Richard P. Howe Robert J. Daniels, Jr. Irving W. Stultz the spelling of the names as previously nom­ William B. WhitehurstJohn A. H. Torry, Jr. inated and confirmed: Walter S. Peck, Jr. Colin J. Ricketts Millard J. ·Wooley The following-named officers for perma­ George A. Hall William J. Morran Malcolm C. McGrath nent appointment to the grade of comman­ Stanley A. Wood Frank R. West Brendan J. Moynahan der in the Civil Engineer Corps of the Navy: Edward M. Volz Harold R. Thompson, Harold L. Haworth Stephen H. Payson Will1am K. Wardall Jr. Harrison F. Thrapp- Palmer W. Roberts Robert J. Clinton Michael C. Argento Earl G. Dobbins Harry C. RowE) Harry E. Sorenson Leo B. Blocker SENATE Richard E. Slattery Joseph C. Luppens Wade W. Lape Armistead B. Smith, Lloyd E. Root Arthur P. Gardiner Nathaniel D. McClure Jr. MONDA y' APRIL 4, 1949 William M. Gordon Bernhard 0. Roessler III Donald M. L. Hager John H. Cain Mark H. Jordan Edward J. Drozctz Donald N. Brown United States Senate, SON]. the Senator from Tennessee [Mr. By the VICE PRESIDENT: Washington, D. C. KEFAUVER], the Senator from West Vir­ Petitions of G. L. Bowman, of Kansas City, DEAR SENATOR MCKELLAR: Attached find Mo., and sundry other citizens of the United copy of resolution adopted on March 15, 1949, ginia [Mr. KILGORE], the Senator from States, relating to rent control; ordered to lie by the National Lumber Exporters Associa­ Washington [Mr. MAGNUSON], the Sena­ on the tabfe: tion ih convention at New Orleans, La., which tor from Nevada [Mr. McCARRAN], the By Mr. KERR: is self-e.xplanatory. Senator from Montana [Mr. MtJRRAY], A concurrent resolution of the Legislature We would like very much to add our en­ and the Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. of the State of Oklahoma, relating to the dorsement to this resolution, as we have had THOMAS] are absent on official commit­ amendment of the Natural Gas Act; to the no export business during the past year. We tee business. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ have lost our markets completely. We used The Senator from Illinois [Mr. LUCAS] merce. to do a good business in the Netherlands, and is absent on official business. (See text of concurrent resolution printed our advice from our agents over there is, no in full when presented by Mr. THOMAS of American dollars have been made available The Senator from Iowa [Mr.· GIL­ for the purchase of American hardwoods, LETTE], the Senator from Pennsylvania Oklahoma on Mare'h 31, 1949, p. 3549, CON­ GRESSIONAL RECORD.) much as they would like to buy them. [Mr. MYERS], the Senator from West Vir­ These people we know are using hardwoods, ginia [Mr. NEELY], the Senator from By Mr. THOMAS Of Oklahoma: but they are not getting them from the Georgia [Mr. RussELL], and the Senator A concurrent resolution of the Legislature United States, which is their favorite source from Maryland [Mr. TYDINGS] are ab­ of the State of Oklahoma; to the Committee of supply. We cannot understand why the sent on public business. on Foreign Relations: State Department does not make some pro­ The Senator from North Carolina [Mr. "Senate Concurrent Resolution 11 vision that would at least put the country GRAHAM] is absent because of illness. "Concurrent resolution of appreciation to the behind the iron curtain on a competitive people of the Republic of France for their basis with us. From our viewpoint, it looks The Senator from New York [Mr. as though they are really reaping the benefit WAGNER] is necessarily absent. kindly expression of friendship as exempli­ fied by their sending to the citizens of of a harvest from American dollars in Europe. Mr. SALTONSTALL. I announce that Oklahoma the merci car We would appreciate very much if you the Senator from Maine [Mr. BREWSTER] would use your influence and effort to see is absent on official state business. "Whereas the French'merci car transmitted that a change and correction is made in this to Oklahoma by the people of France, as a resP.ect. The Senator from Ohio [Mr. BRICKER] token of ~ppreciation of the gifts of wheat is absent by leave of the Senate. Thanking you for your cooperation, we by the farmers and other good citizens of have the honor to remain, The Senator from New Hampshire Oklahoma, has been received with appropriate Yours very truly, EMr. BRIDGES] is absent because of ill­ ceremony at the Capitol Building in Okla­ H. A. LANDREE, ness in his family. homa City, February 18, 1949; and Sales Manager. . The Senator from Indiana [Mr. CAPE­ "Whereas we find in this exhibit remark­ able tokens of sacrifice and love of the French HART J, the Senator from Kansas [Mr. RESOLUTION ADOPTED ON MARCH 15, 1949, BY SCHOEPPELJ, and the Senator from New people toward the citizens of Oklahoma: NATIONAL LUMBER EXPORTERS ASSOCIATION, Hampshire [Mr. TOBEY] are absent on Now, therefore, be it MEMPHIS, TENN. "Resolved by ther.> Senate of the State of official business. Whereas the hardwood industry has, for The Senator from New Jersey [Mr. Olclahoma (the house of representatives many decades, exported to England and the concurring therein) , That we express to the United Kingdom and to Europe, a large part SMITH] is absent because of illness. French people the gra.titude and genuine The Senator from Iowa [Mr. HICKEN­ of their requirements of hardwood lumber, friendship which Oklahomans have, and will which exports to England and the United LOOPER] is necessarily absent. continue to have through all the years, for Kingdom alone, during the years from 1935 The Senator from Washington [Mr. the people o.f France, and here record an through 1939, averaged 206,622,000 feet; and CAIN], the Senator from South Dakota ardent hope that the faithful and unbroken Whereas the lumber exported consisted [Mr. GURNEY], the Senator from Nevada friendship which has been maintained from primarily of items. of lumber of which the [Mr. MALONE], the Senator from Wis­ the days of the American Revolution to this United States market had not normally used consin [Mr. McCARTHY], the Senator hour will be continued; be it further in sufficient volume to consume the output "Resolved, That a true copy of this resolu­ from Oregon [Mr. MORSE], and the Sen­ thereof, and ma.ny of which items have to tion be sent by the secretary o! the senate be made if the industry is to operate; and ator from Nebraska [Mr. WHERRY] are to the French Ambassador in Washington, Whereas the supply of hardwood lumber detained on official committee business. D. C., for transmittal to the French Govern­ is now sufficient to supply all domestic de­ The VICE PRESIDENT. Sixty-two ment; a copy be sent to the President of the mands as well as the demands for such items Senators have answered to their names. Senate of the United States; a copy be sent for England and the United Kingdom and A quorum is present. to the Speaker of the House of Representa- of the other export customers; and 1949 CONGRESSIONAI.; RECORD-SENATE 3775 Whereas the loss of this market for hard­ tained at a high level of efficiency and that concurrent resolution, and I submit a woods to England and the United Kingdom adequate public funds be provided for this report Wisconsin \:.Mr. A-1748967, Shaher, Armed . . form legal authority to provide for the pri­ McCARTHY], the senior Senator from In­ A-1253293, Shifriss, Oved. mary and secondary education of dependents diana [Mr. CAPEHART], the Senator from A-1521407, Shifriss, Shoshana (nee Sho· of military, naval, and civilian personnel of Colorado [Mr. JOHNSON], the senior Sen­ shana Zelmans) . the Federal Government serving under their A-6185203, Soriano, Vera Semenova (nee ator from Oregon [Mr. CORDON], the jun­ jurisdiction, and for other purposes; to the ior Senator from Minnesota [Mr. Doroshenko). Committee on Armed Services. A-6346405, Stocks, Alexander Albert. By Mr. WILEY: HUMPHREY], the Senator from Missouri A-2593026, Strupp, Adele (nee Eckstein [Mr. DONNELL], the junior Senator from alias Adele Elizabeth Strupp) . S. 1501. A bill for the relief of Mr. and Mrs. Ray S. Berrum; to the Committee on the Vermont [Mr. FLANDERS], the Senator A-6378219, Tischner, Kenneth James, for­ from Michigan [Mr. FERGUSON], and my­ merly Kenneth James Quigly. Judiciary. A-9607272, Valantasis, Georgios and By Mr. DOWNEY: self, I submit an amendment in the na­ George Kosti Valantasis, or Valantassis. S. 1502. A bill to extend pension benefits to ture of a substitute, intended to be pro­ A-6249025, Van Dillen, Mathilde Alexan- persons who served on certain vessels oper­ posed by us jointly, to the bill (H. R. drine (nee Schoorel). ated by the Army during the war with Spain, 2023) to regulate oleomargarine, to re­ A-6177707, Van Dillen, Paul. the Philtppine Insurrection, and the China peal certain taxes relating to oleomar­ A-6i45980, Vasquez, Jose Garcia. Rellef .Expedition; to the < ·Jmmittee on Fi­ nance. garine, and for other purposes, and I ask A- 6145981, Vasquez, Elizabeth Beedle. unanimous consent that the amendment A-5553142, Von Rabenau, Alexander Col}- s. 1503. A bill for the relief of vasco Lazzar­ stantine (alias Alexander Olvera alias Alex­ eschi; to the Committee on the Judiciary. be referred to the Committee on Finance, ander A. Rabenau). By Mr. MAGNUSON {by request): and printed in the RECORD. A-4205188, Wang, Hsi, or Harry Wang. S. J. Res. 74. Joint resolution to extend the There being no objection, the amend­ A-4205176, Wang, Djao Szi, or Lily Wang. time for use of construction reserve funds ment was referred to the Committee on 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 37_71 Finance, ordered to be printed, and to be "APPROPRIATIONS The oleo manufacturers have shown con­ printed in the RECORD, as follows: "SEC. 5. There is hereby authorized to be clusively that they are not interested in the Strike out all after the enacting clause and appropriated annually, out of any money in consumer's welfare but rather in their own in lieu thereof insert the following: the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, profits. They know that oleo prices would such sums as may be necessary for the ade­ soar in the event that butter were driven "DEFINITIONS quate enforcement of this act. off the market. "SECTION 1. (a) The term 'oleomargarine' "REPEAL I have previously introduced into the CON­ as used in this act includes-- · GRESSIONAL RECORD resolutions sent to me by "(l) all substances, mixtures, and com­ "SEC. 6. The following sections of the In­ dairy organizations in my State who have pounds known as oleomargarine, margarine, ternal Revenue Code (relating to taxes on urgently petitioned the Congress to prevent oleo, or butterine; colored and uncolored oleomargarine, to spe­ fraud and misrepresentation on the Ameri­ "(2) all substances, mixtures, and com­ cial occupational taxes on manufacturers, can consumer. pounds which have a consistency similar to wholesalers, and retailers of oleomargarine, and to packaging, reporting, and other regu­ I have faith that the Congress will not that of butter and which contain any edible allow the American dairy industry to be oils or fats other than milk fat if (A) made lations of oleomargarine) are hereby re­ pealed: Sections 2300, 2301, 2302, 2303, 2304, crucified. I have faith that the American in imitation or semblance of butter, or pur­ Congress will with vision and judgment, 2305, 230~ 230~ 230~ 2309, 2310, 2311, 2313, porting to be butter or a butter substitute, or protect this vital segment of American (B) commonly used, or intended for common 3200, 3201 (26 U. S. C., secs. 2300, 2301, 2302, 2303, 2304, 2305, 2306, 2$07, 2308, 2309, 2310, agriculture, and in so doing protect our soil .. use, in place of or as a substitute for butter, 2311, 31313, 3200, 3201) ." and protect the nutritional standards of our or (C) churned, emulsified, or · mixed in people. cream, milk, skim milk, buttermilk, water, Mr. WILEY subsequently said: Mr. In this substitute, we are following the or other liquid and containing moisture in President, I send to the desk a statement precedent of the Federal Antifilled Milk Act excess of 1 percent and commonly used, or which I have prepared on the subject of 1923. We are following, too, precedents for suitable for common use, as a substitute for protection of States' rights. It is my earnest butter. of the substitute amendment to H. R. 2023, which was submitted earlier today hope that the Congress will therefore adopt "(b) For the purposes of this act 'yellow the substitute and pass the House bill as oleomargarine' is oleomargarine, as defined on behalf of myself and 25 other Sena­ so amended. in subsection (a) of this section, having a tors. This substitute would repeal exist­ tint or shade containing more than 1%0 ° of ing Federal taxes on oleomargarine, but PROPOSED LEGISLATION AFFECTING yellow, or of yellow and red collectively, would ban the shipment of yellow­ OLEOMARGARINE - STATEMENT BY measured in terms of the Lovibond tintom­ colored oleo in interstate commerce while SENATOR THYE eter scale read under conditions substan­ preserving the right of plants to produce [Mr. THYE asked and obtained leave to tially similar to those established by the yellow oleo within a State which allows have printed in ·the RECORD a statement pre­ Bureau of Internal Revenue, or the equiva­ pared by him regarding proposed removal of lent of such measurement. such production. I ask unanimous con­ sent that the text of my statement be restrictions relating to the coloring of oleo­ "(c) The term 'commerce' as used in this margarine, which appears in the Appendix.} act means trade, traffic, commerce, trans­ printed in the RECORD. portation, or.communication among the sev­ There being no objection, the state­ TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVER- eral States, or between the District of Colum­ ment was ordered to be printed in the SARY OF FIRST EUROPEAN SETTLE­ bia or any Territory of the United States RECORD as follows: MENT IN BILOXI AREA-ARTICLE BY and any State or other Territory or between ANTHONY V. RAGUSIN any foreign country and any State, Terri­ STATEMENT BY SENATOR WILEY ON SUBSTITUTE tory, or the District of Columbia, or within FOR H. R. 2023, RELATING TO OLEO-BUTTER [Mr. STENNIS asked and obtained leave the District of Columbia or any Territory, ISSUE to hl\_ve printed in the RECORD an article by or between points in the same State but Today, 25 Members of the Senate on be­ Anthony V. Ragusin, of Biloxi, Miss., outlin­ through ~ ~ther State or any Territory half of the American dairy industry, yes, ing, in connection with the two hundred and or the District of Columbia or any foreign American agriculture as a whole and our fiftieth anniversary of the first European set­ country. people as a whole, gave the forthr_ight answer tlement, the history of the Biloxi Bay area, which appears in the Appendix.) "PROHIBITED ACTS to the efforts· of the oleo lobby to sabotage American butter production. Our answer "SEC. 2. The manufacture, transportation, AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY-EDITORIAL came in the form a substitute for H. R. 2023, FROM FORT WAYNE (IND.) NEWS­ handling, possession, sale, use, or serving of co-sponsored by many other' Senators and yellow oleomargarine in commerce, or after myself, and designed to prevent the 24 oleo SENTINEL shipment in commerce as yellow oleomar­ manufacturers from usurping the natural [Mr. JENNER aske.d and obtained leave to garine, or in connection with the production yellow color of butter. This color question have printed in the RECORD an editorial en­ of yellow oleomargarine for shipment in-­ is, of course, the crucial question in the titled "In Our Lodge," published in the Fort commerce, is hereby declared unlawful: present dispute. Wayne (Ind.) News-Sentinel of March 31, Provided, however, That yellow oleomar­ Hl49, which appears in the Appendix.] garine manufactured or colored within the Our substitute repre.sents a perfected ver­ borders of a State or Territory in which it sion of the Granger-Anderson bill, H. R. REPLY BY TOM HENDERSON TO ATTACK 2023, which was reported by the House Agri­ is to be consumed shall not be subject to culture Committee but which the House of BY HENRY MCLEMORE ON DAUGHTERS the provisions of this act but shall be sub­ OF CONFEDERACY ject to the laws and regulations of such State Representatives chose, unfortunately, to re­ or Te;-ritory. Nothing contained in this act ject, 162-141, substituting therefor the Poage [Mr. HOEY asked and obtained leave to shall be construed to limit in any way the bill. We feel that the Grariger-Anders<;m have printed in th·e RECORD an article en­ bill represents the best interests of the titled "Daughters of Confederacy Defended applicability of the Federal Food, Drug, and American people as a whole. Cosmetic Act. Against Henry McLemore's Attack," written Our people recognize that upon the health by Tom Henderson, which appears in the Ap­ ''ENFORCEMENT of the American dairy industry depends pendix.] "SEC. 3. The Administrator of the Federal to a considerable extent the health of PUBLIC SAFETY WORK OF THE NATIONAL Security Agency is authorized and directed American agriculture and in particular the to administer and enforce this act and to fertility of American soil. If the Congress SAFETY COUNCIL-LETTER FROM W. A. prescribe and enforce rules and regulations were to foolishly allow the oleo lobby to mvrn to carry out its purposes. and policies. The usurp butter's color and to drive butter [Mr. MARTIN asked and obtained leave to enforcement provisions of the Federal Food, from the market, then the Congress would have printed in the RECORD a letter from W. A. Drug, and Cosmetic Act, including the pro­ be stabbing with a death blow the American Irvin, chairman, board of trustees, National visions relating to injunctions and seizure, dairy industry; it would be reducing by up Safety Council, dated March 24, 1949, dealing shall be available. for the enforcement of this to 25 percent the income of the dairy farm­ with the public safety work of the National a.ct. ers; it would be selling out the birthright of Safety Council, which appears in the Ap­ "PENALTIES the American people who depend upon the pendix.) milk cow as the greatest fertilizing agent for "SEC, 4. Any person, firm, or corporation PURCHASE BY POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT violftting any of the· provisions of this act, America's soil. I am certain the Congress or of the rules and regulations issued in con­ will not permit such disasters to occur. OF COTTON TWINE AND COTTON GOODS nection therewith, and any officer, agent, or This dispute may be basically between 24 TO REPLACE JUTE PRODUCTS employee thereof who directs or knowingly oleo manufacturers and 2,500,000 dairy Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, I ask permits such violatio.ns, or who aids or assists farmers, 3,500 creameries, 40,000 dairy plants. unanimous consent to have printed in therein, shall ,upon conviction thereof be But it ls really larger than that in its vast subject to punishment in the same manner implications; it is not simply a dairy issue. the RECORD a letter from the National and to the same extent as persons who vio­ It ls an issue in which every citizen of this Cotton Council of America, addressed to late the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetio land is directly involved-all 148,000,000 me as chairman of the Subcommittee on Act. of us. Treasury and Post Office of the Senate 3778 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL 4 Appropriations Committee, together with It is not our desire to impose upon the are to maintain and extend the Democratic an enclosure, in connection with the pur­ Post Office Department any unnecessary bur­ program of a Fair Deal. den or expenditure. At the same time the It is up to us in the Democratic Party to chase of eotton twine and cotton goods cotton industry will greatly appreciate your see to it that the America11 \Toter has not in place of jute products, showing the taking this matter up with the proper repre­ done his sharpshooting for us in vain. It necessity at this time of using as much sentatives of that agency and considering is up to us to continue to give that dynamic cotton as possible. with them the advisability of stimulating leadership that has chara.cterized our party There being no qbjection, the letter was their use of cotton twine, either through from the days of Jefferson and Jackson right ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as language in the appropriation bill similar to down to our recent victories with Roosevelt that of 1941, or otherwise. and Truman. follows: Election day 1948 was like D-day-it gave NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL OF AMERICA, This letter has been prepared in collabora­ tion with the Cotton Textile Institute. us a great ehance-it was a bold step for­ Washington, D. c., April 2, 1949. ward in the history of our country-but it Hon. BURNET R. MAYBANK, Assuring you of our appreciation for your efforts, we are, hasn't settled the issues. We have secured Chairman, Subcommittee on Treasury our bridgehead but we've still got the job and Post Office of the Senate Appro­ Very truly yours, ROBERT C. JACKSON, to do. priations Committee, United States Election day was simply an overwhelming Capitol Building, Washington, D. C. reassertion of the people of this country DEAR SENATOR MAYBANK: Each year the ENCLOSURE that they intend to keep our Government Post Office Department purchases several 1. During the 7 months ending February in the hands of those who know their prob­ million pounds of single-ply twine, which is · lems and will do something about them. As used for tying up packages of mail. Jute 28, 1949, the consumption of cotton totaled 4,848,239 running bales, while for the same President Truman so ably put it, "All we have twine is purchased almost exclusively for this on 011r side is the people." Our job is to purpose. period in 1948 the total amounted to 5,431,140 running bales, according to reports of the deserve this support of the American people. A few years ago, and specifically in 1941, We, Democrats, draw great inspiration the appropriations bill for the Post Office Bureau of the Census. 2. The same reports show that cotton-con­ from the men in whose names we gather to­ Department-namely, H. R. 3205, dated Feb­ gether here tonight-Thomas Jefferson and ruary 14, 1941, page 53, lines 15 through 19- .suming spindles in operation on the last working day of February 1949 totaled Andrew Jackson. Not only did they give contained the following language: "* * • birth and strength to our party, but they for wrapping twine and tying devices (not 20,758,000 and on the last working day of February 1948 totaled 21,485,000. we-e daring builders of our Nation. Their more than three-fourths of the funds herein farsighted and progressive principles and appropriated for the purchase of twine shall 3. According to the Bureau of Labor Sta­ their courageous programs set our country be expended in the purchase of twine manu­ tistics, United States Department of Labor on the path of its present strength and great­ factured from materials or commodities pro­ wage earners in the cotton textile industry ness. duced outside the United States) • • * ." dropped from 529,400 in March 1948 to 494,900 Freedom of speech and thought, universal Since jute is an imported fiber the obvious i-n January 1949. This reduction would be education, and action through the ballot by intent of this language was to require the much greater if it were not for the fact that all the citizens are the fundamental prin­ Post Office Department to purchase 25 per­ many mills have reduced their operations by ciples of a truly democratic Nation. Jef­ cent of its requirements in a twine made operating only 3 to 4 days a week while main­ ferson and Jackson perhaps more than any from domestic fibers. Cotton twine was pur- taining the same number of shifts. others were responsible for the incorpora­ . chased to meet this requirement. Since 1941, tion of these principles in the very web and however, no such language has appeared in JACKSON-JEFFERSON DAY DINNER AD- DRESS BY OSCAR L. CHAPMAN foundation of our national life. the appropriations measure for the Post Office Growing up under these principles we Department. Presumably the reason is that Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I ask have become the greatest Nation in human beginr.ing about that time the cotton textile history. Our democratic ideals and our be­ industry's production was controlled under unanimous consent to have printed in the lief in the dignity and value~ the individual orders and directives of War Production body of the RECORD the text of an address delivered by the Honorable Oscar L. have given us the moral leadership of the Board, on a basis of the Board's determina­ modern world, and made our Nation the pat­ tion as to what products were required for Chapman, Under Secretary of the Inte­ tern and the inspiration of all the world's military purposes and essential civilian uses. rior, at the Jackson-Jefferson Day din­ struggling peoples. This WPB control remained in effect until ner at Des Moines, Iowa, on April 2, 1949. Our great agricultural and industrial sys­ the last quarter of 1945. When it ended, the There being no objection, the address textile industry had large backlog demands tem has made it possible for us to maintain for civilian requirements and has until fairly was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the highest levels of living the world has recently operated at near capacity produc­ as follows: ever known, and at the same time to feed tion. However, these conditions do not exist Mr. Toastmaster, ladies and gentlemen, 5 and to supply machinery and materials to today and the industry is operating on a cur- months ago today the people of the United those nations that are recovering from the . tailed basis. It is now in a position to nteet States presented us with the proud reason exhaustion and devastation of the war. · for holding this meeting tonight. Our strength and our belief in democracy the Post Office Department's needs on a pro­ has enabled us to draw together the free duction basis at least equal-to that required Five months ago today the people of this nations of the world in an invincible com­ by the appropriations bill of 1941. To illus­ State made it possible ~for me to join with mon front for the preservation of human trate the industry's present position, you may so many fellow Democrats in a victory dinner 1iberty everywhere. We have the conviction, be interested in the facts set forth on the with real meaning in Iowa. born of our own experience, that the princi­ enclosed sheet. We have reason to be grateful to the people ples of democracy can meet every threat of The Post Office Department advises that of the United States and the people of Iowa. international communism, fascism, or any they have purchased to date 3,400,000 pounds They have made this occasion possible by other ism, and can provide );he basis for of single-ply jute wrapping twine from electing. a Democratic administration com­ the individual well-being necessary to assure moneys appropriated for their use during the plete with majorities in both Houses of Con­ peace and prc>gress in the world. fiscal year ending June 30, 1949, but have gress. Because our principles have been tried by purchased no comparable wrapping twin~ They have not only given us quantity but experience, we know that the American peo­ made from cotton. They advise, however, they have also given us quality. Iowa, as ple will never submit to any rule or system that they are anxious to have our mills de­ a shining example, has given us not just an­ except one established by their own free velop a satisfactory twine, thereby obviating other Democratic Senator but a liberal states­ choice. They will never give up their liber­ complete dependence on a foreign source of man and leader, an outstanding public ser­ ties, their rights as individuals to live their supply. vant, my friend Guy GILLETTE. .own lives in the way that seems best to each At present several cotton textile mills are Americans have been known for their of them, their right to education, to work, doing exploratory work directed toward a bet­ marksmanship since the days of the Pilgri\Ils; . and through their votes to run their govern­ ter cotton twine for post-office requirements. but never has the combined acuteness of the ment. However, in submitting bids the cotton mills voting Americans been shown as fully as in We pay tribute to Thomas Jefferson and would not be in position to compete on a per the 1948 election. With keen eye and steady Andrew Jackson for their magnificent con­ pound basis with jute twine, due to raw ma­ trigger finger, the voters pinpointed their aim tributions to the establishment of these terial costs, but it is believed that they can and brought to Washington · an overwhelm­ fundamental principles. But let us remem­ compete by providing a twine of sufficiently ingly progressive Congress to support their . ber that they were leaders because they had greater yardage per pound to offset the dif­ selection of President Harry S. Truman. the foresight to fight for these principles ference in price. Our gratitude to the Daniel Boones of the before they were proved and popular. Cotton has one decided advantage over jute · polling booth may be in a measure the old It is in this spirit that I suggest that we . in that it does not lose its strength at the "lively sense of more favors to come." We honor these great men-not to bemoan the knot. Another advantage is its cleanliness. expect the voters want to and will keep up . passage of the good old days or to suggest Further, to the best of our knowledge, the their aim, bagging _further victories for the that only measures for which they fought cotton twine used in 1941 was entirely sat­ Democratic Party. ·we are going to need more · are worthy of our advocacy. But, rather like isfactory. men like Guy GILLETTE in the Senate if we Jefferson and Jackson, to face new challenges 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3779 with courage and foresight. To fight, as was to remain a colony of the financial cen­ We can, and we will, push forward Presi­ they fought, against special privilege and for ter of the East was clearly drawn by the dent Truman's Fair Deal. extending the e'ffectiveness of democracy. actions of the Eightieth Congress. President Not only our own people, but the people To accept change as they accepted change. Truman took up the challenge, and we to­ of the world seek our success. The vitality And to formulate new programs just as they night celebrate the results. of our efforts toward bettering the lot of our devised new methods of carrying forward The issue of whether western development people are an inspiration to those who still their principles. would proceed on the principles of e'xtending seek freedom and economic development · We have little doubt of its wisdom today, the benefits of that development to the peo­ and security. but imagine the courage it took for Jeffer­ ple was also drawn by the Eightieth Con­ President Truman, in his inaugural ad­ son to· purchase this vast Mississippi Valley gress. Efforts were made to overturn the dress, proposed a bold new program for the for a mere $11,000,000. Today it looks like traditional American reclamation laws that, development of the underdeveloped areas of the smartest real-estate deal in history, and in keeping with the principles of Jefferson the world to improve the levels of living of measured against it, the Indians cheated the .and Jackson, provide for the development the people and to help them to help them­ Dutch when they charged $26 for Manhattan of family-sized farms for the many, and pre­ selves in providing more food and housing Island. vent speculation in Federal developmepts or and power. But to the men who had to make and de­ the monopolization of their benefits by the The President has suggested that we share fend the decision to effect the Louisiana few. President Truman took up that chal­ our abundant knowledge and technology to Purchase, the problem was not eased by our lenge, and tonight we celebrate the results. this end. No program can make a more 146-year-old hindsight. Only a sense of the Efforts were made to turn over all of the effective contribution to world peace and dynamic force pf American progress could power from our great hydroelectric plants to security, including our own. As the Presi­ answer the doubters, the fear mongers and the few corporations who opposed their con:­ dent pointed out, the best markets for our voices of special privilege who opp<;>sed this str-uction by stopping the transmission lines goods are the developed areas of the world. bold and courageous undertaking. necessary to deliver that power to the people As we have demonstrated here at home, The purchase of this vast territory, like the to whom it belongs. President Truman again prosperity in one area secures the prosperity election and like D-dar, was not an end in took up that challenge and tonight we cele­ of the others. • • • The development of itself. Once accomplished, it required fur­ brate the results. the West has, for example, strengthened the ther decisive action to make its promise a Not only these efforts to expand the fron­ economy of the East. reality. It required the initiation of policies tiers of our economic development but other This bold new program will face its share and programs that would lead to its develop­ efforts to spread the benefits of our Ameri­ oi doubters and dissenters. It faces squarely ment into its present greatness as a source can system were attacked and picked to the issue of world development and world of national strength and of well-being for pieces. Housing, health, social security, civil peace. It ushers in, as did Jefferson's Loui­ millions of our citizens. rights, labor legislation, all came under the siana Purchase, a new era of progress-a new The policies under which this vast region deadening hand of the Eightieth Congress. set of goals and of problems. But the re­ was developed were as important and far­ President Truman kept these issues altve for sults will be similarly effective for the bene­ reaching as the purchase itself. They were the American people, and we proudly cele­ fit of our Nation, and the future of our ·chil­ based upon the principles of extending de­ brate the results. dren. mocracy, of preventing monopoly, and mak­ Basically, we must create an economic and We who have worked on the development ing widely available to the people the bene­ social climate where all the people of our of our own Nation are particularly interested fits of public expenditures and public prop- Nation can move forward together .no matter in this bold new program of point 4. We erty. , what their race, creed, color, or point of are aware that as we export· our technical This would be a vastly different country if national origin. And no matter what their knowledge, we will also export those princi­ land monopolists, instead of the homestead­ economic status. ples of freedom and fair play, or protection ers, had been encouraged to take over the A vital part of the economic and social ·of minorities and underprivileged, of demo­ lands acquired in the Louisiana. Purchase. climate I speak about is keeping our economy cratic concern for the rights of the individ· T~ese rolling prairies would have become in balance. In seeing to it that each group ual that have been as important to our own feudal land holdings, large haciendas, baron­ gets its fair share of the goods we produce. growth as have our abundant resources and ies, instead of sound farm homes for the During the past 16 years the conserva~ion our technical skills. people who work the land. The balance of and development of all the Nation's resources In connection with this program, the industry and agriculture that the policies have been basic objectives of Democratic United Nations is holding a world confer­ of Jefferson and Jackson made possible in the administrations. ence on the conservation and utilization of great Mississippi Valley could never have Specifically, this means conservation of resources this coming summer here in this been achieved if the Federal Governmen~ forests and watersheds, and the construction country. Experts, scientists, and adminis­ had not encouraged the development of fam- of multiple-purpose projects in order to de­ trators interested in the development of re­ 1ly-sized farms upon which the prosperity velop cheaper electric power for farm, home, sources from all over the world will get to­ of this region depends. That, too, was not and industry, tq irrigate farm lands, and gether to exchange knowledge, and experi­ as obvious a 100 years ago as it is today. prevent disastrous floods. ence. This initial step, long sought by con­ The spirit and foresight with which Jeffer­ It means stabilized farm prices to increase servationsist, will give us an opportunity to son and Jackson fought out these issues, and production and raise living standards on the give drive and direction to improving the use . won them for the people of their' day and for farms, just as it means credit and other aids and protection of the v;orld's basic resource us, has characterized our party ever since. given to industry when needed to expand · assets. Under the leadership and wisdow of Wil­ employment and the production of goods. · This step, and those to follow, in carrying son, great strides were made in pushing for­ It means not interference with, but pro­ forward the President's program will require ward the people's program. How tragic for tection of our economic enterprise system. our constant attention and intelligent action. the world, however, that a willful minority It means safeguarding and equalizing a:pd Let me point out again that the election at that time was able to sabotage the estab­ maintaining an open door of opportunity of November 2, 1948, did not settle anything lishment of an effective League of Nations. to which all our people can look forward with except that President Truman and his team Equally tragic it would be if a second great confidence. In short, it means helping the were to stay on the job with a lot better world war, with its millions of deaths and people to help themselves. help in the House and Senate than they had billions of cost, has nqt completely convinced We do not, for example, think of farm-crop before. the world that the Wilsonian dream of real price supports as subsidies or bonuses. They In November 1948 the people told the world international cooperation is the only route are part of a stabilizing and equalizing pro­ what they wanted. On that day they chose to permanent peace. gram to place agriculture nearer to parity a program o! liberal progressive action. We want to continue the job of developing with industry for the benefit of both. They refused to be turned back to the the West that Jefferson and Jackson knew Under the common-sense policies of Demo­ 1900's. They asked not for a free ride, nor was the hope of the Nation. Under the lead­ cratic administrations, most farmers have for a soft touch. They asked for a fair deal. dership of Franklin D. Roosevelt we under­ prospered. But not all our farmers are shar­ And that's what the Democratic Party pro-· took vast programs of soil and water con­ ing in the Nation's prosperity. 'Ibere are poses to give them. servation, of forest protection, and of in­ still too many who have shared too little. But to guarantee this Fair Deal takes more dustrial decentralization. President Truman Despite the progress our farmers have made; than the words of the President of tb1 United has stepped up those programs and the the per capita income of persons on farms States. American people have urged him on. But ·in 1948 was only $909 as compared with It takes more than Democratic Members of there are those who oppose these programs, ·$1,568 for persons not on farms. the Congress. or who, if they can't stop them, want to Parity means more than stable farm-crop It takes the living force of the people o! twist them to their own purposes, just as prices. It also means good housing, elec­ the United States in active support of their ·the monopolists tried to grab the benefits tricity, better health facilities, improved President and their Congress. of the Louisiana Purchase when they couldn't roads, ·and better rural schools. ·It should It calls for active, fighting democracy. thwart.its consummation. also mean adequate credit to meet the farm­ Everyone of us who believes in the program That fight for western development into ers' basic needs. The people of our farm of liberal, progressive action must get into a balanced and prosperous region of our communities are not only entitled to free­ -the fight. country was part and parcel of the 1948 dom from want and fe~r. but they are also I am confident, although there may be some campaign. The issue of whether the West entitled to freedom of opportunity. differences of opinion in our own party, on XCV--239 3780 CONGRESSIONAL _RECORD-SEN A TE APRIL 4 how best to accomplish the Fair Deal pro­ the Army and the law as it applies to politi­ the Senator has any plan for a night ses­ gram, that the major and essential features cal activities on their part designed to influ­ sion tomorrow night, in order that Sena­ of that program will be adopted. ence legislation. tors may make their plans? I am also confident that on the strength Sincerely yours, of our achievements and the vigor our party KENNETH C. ROYALL, Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I am very possesses that we will move on to further Secretary of the Army. glad the Senator asked that question. victories and to even greater service to the After the Senate takes a recess this people of the Nation. PROGRAM FOR SENATE SESSIONS-SIGN­ afternoon until tomorrow morning at 11 We need only courage and common sense ING OF NORTH ATLANTIC PACT o'clock, it is planned to have a night ses­ and cooperation. Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, I sion tomorrow. I hope that we can get LOBBY ACTIVITIES TO EXEMPT THE ARMY should like to ask the majority leader along with the ECA program and com­ ENGINEERS FROM PROPOSED REORGAN­ about the program of the Senate for to­ plete consideration of the pending bill. IZATION ACT day. I have heard discussions about the We have been debating it for 10 days, and Senate taking a recess this afternoon in only two amendments have been voted Mr. LODGE. Mr. President, some ·order that Senators may attend the cere­ upon. It seems to me that we have ex­ weeks ago I spoke to the Senate about the mony of the signing of the North Atlan­ plored every possibility in connection improper lobbying activities of the Army tic Pact. I should appreciate it very with the ECA program, and some things engineers in connection with the Reor­ much if the Senator would give us some that are not possible. I hope we can ganization bill. I forwarded evidence · idea of his plans. · move along' and reach a vote on the bill. concerning that subject to the Secretary Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I expect There is no question that the Senate of the Army, Hon. Kenneth C. Royall, to ask the Senate to take a recess at is behind in its legislative schedule. It who assured me he would make an in­ 3 :30 o'clor.k this afternoon. It is my un­ is the hope of the Senator from Illinois vestigation. I now have received a reply derstanding that the signing of the North that we may comply with the Reorgani­ from the Secretary of the Army regard­ Atlantic Pact will take place about 4 zation Act and conclude this session of ing the investigation, and in fairness to o.' clock, or shortly thereafter. Any Sen­ Congress by Juiy 31. But certainly, if him and all concerned, I ask unanimous ator who desires to do so may leave the at that time there is still a backlog of consent that the letter be printed in the Senate Chamber before that time. I un­ legislation on the calendar, it will be body of the RECORD. derstand that speeches by the foreign necessary for Congress to continue in There being no objection, the letter ministers will begin at 3 o'clock. Each session after the 31st of July by passing was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, foreign minister will be allowed a 5-min­ a joint resolution, if that is the proper as follows: ute speech, which will take 1 hour. It is procedure, or by having the President DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, my understanding that immediately of the United States call a special session. Washington, D. C., April 1, 1949. thereafter the signing of the pact will I say that in the utmost good faith, Hon. HENRY CABOT LODGE, Jr., take place, and that the President of the United States Senate, with the hope that we can expedite the Washington, D. C. United States will go on the radio at 4: 30. business of the Senate, to the end that DEAR SENATOR LODGE: This letter is in It may be that he will speak previous to Congress can adjourn by July 31. One further reply to' your letter of March 10, the signing of the pact. At any rate, any of the reasons the Senator from Illinois 1949, with reference to the distribution of Senator who desires to leave the Chamber has been planning sessions beginning at a release of a political nature by the per­ before 3: 30 to lister to the speeches may 11 o'clock, and some night sessions, is the sonnel of the San Francisco district, Corps do so; but it seems to me that if we take hope that we can complete consideration of Engineers. An interim reply was made a recess at 3: 30 Senators will be able to to you on March 15, in which it was stated of the ECA bill and other pressing mat­ that action had been taken to preclude future get there in plenty of time to see the ters which follow it on the calendar. In activities of this nature and that an in­ signing of the pact and hear some of the reality some of them have a deadline. vestigation would be made of the incident foreign ministers speak. I say that so that Senators may under­ reported by you. . Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, Sen­ stand exactly what is in the offing in the This investigation has been made, and I ators on this side of the Chamber would coming months. find that on or about January 27, 1949, at like to know whether there are any seat­ Mr. DONNELL. Mr. President, I a routine staff conference held by the dis­ ing arrangements for Members of the should like to ask a question in regard trict engineer, San Francisco; Calif., ~:C:d attended by ·the civilian heads of five d1v1- Senate. to the arrangements for this afternoon. sions of his office, the key civilian employees Mr. LUCAS. I do not understand that Perhaps the Senator may have explained present brought up the matter of the re­ there are. It may be that there are, but the situation, or perhaps I did not hear organization of the Government and its I have not been informed about it. everything he said. Is there any ar­ probable effect on the Corps of Engineers. Mr. DONNELL. Mr. President, at what rangement by which Senators will at­ During the discussion the question of em­ hour does the Senator intend to have the tend the ceremony in a body, or by which ployees presenting their views to their rep­ Senate resume its session? Will it be we can be admitted without tickets, or resentatives in Congress was raised. tomorrow? It was brought out in · the investigation must we have ticlrets? Just what are that the district engineer advised strongly Mr. LUCAS. Yes. After we take a re­ the arrangements for our accommoda­ against such action but, when it was argued cess at 3 :30, the Senate will not come tion i that civilian employees had that basic right, back today. The recess w111 be until to­ Mr. LUCAS. I will say to the distin­ he felt that he could not deny it to them. morrow. guished Senator from Missouri that I As a result, a paper similar to the one you Mr. FULBRIGHT. Is the ceremony to have no information about the details, sent me was drafted in the conference with understood that it was necessary to have or how the seating arrangements are to several persons participating in the com­ pilation, and about six copies were made a card to gain admission, because of the be handled. I do not know whether all and given to those who attended the con­ limited seating accommodations. Senators are invited. I should think.all ference. The document was not released for Mr. LUCAS. That may be so. I un­ Senators would have been invited. general distribution by the district engineer, derstood that every Senator and every Whether or not they are, I do not know. and if it was given wide circulation it was Member of the House had been invited. Mr. DONNELL. So far as I know, no without his knowledge, and contrary to his I may be mistaken: invitation has been received by myself. I intention. Mr. FULBRIGHT. Is the ceremony to am not soliciting one, but I should like to In the face of the assertion by civilian be at the Department of Commerce Audi- employees of their right to petition Con­ get full information on the question. gress, I feel that the district engineer could . torium? · Mr. LUCAS. I should like to take the have furnished better guidance and directed Mr. LUCAS. It will be at the audito- · Senator with me. the matter into channels -that at least would rium in the Department of Labor Build­ Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, my not have involved his office. Inasmuch as ing on Constitution Avenue. information is that the entire member­ the incident occurred prior to the issuance Mr. President, I have nothing to do sll.ip of the Senate Committee on Foreign of my instructions of February 19, 1949, I with the arrangements. I do not know Relations and the House Committee on have decided that an admonition to the district engineer is appropriate in this case. who has been invited or who has not Foreign Anairs, as well as the chairmen May I assure you again that it is my firm been invited, but I was under the impres­ and ranking members of all othe·r com­ intention that officers and civilian employ­ sion that all Senators had been invited. mittees, are formally invited. ees of the Corps of Engineers shall adhere Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, I · My further information is that prob­ strictly to the policy of the Department of should like to ask if at the present time ably any Senator can gain admit- 1949 'CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3781 tance if he cares to attend. However, and Kelvinator; the. products of many tor from Connecticut has received the tickets have been issued, and some Sena­ of the leading companies manufacturing impression I have, namely, that as of to­ tors have already received their tickets. some of the best-known American prod­ day there is much discrimination in I had nothing to do with the arrange­ ucts are handled by members of this as­ French Morocco against the Jews and ments, and neither did the committee. sociation. It is estimated that the aver­ the Moroccans, and that the Moroccans The capacity of the hall is more or less age annual volume of trade per member and the Jews are led to believe that such limited. is in the neighborhood of $250,000 worth. discrimination occurs because of a man­ That is all the information I can give Mr. President, this amendment is not date from the ECA? Of course, the Sen­ the Senator at the moment. I under­ offered by the junior Senator from Con­ ator from Connecticut and I know that stand that the actual signing will prob­ necticut to take care of this specific sit­ is ridiculous; we know that there is no ably not take place until about 4: 30 uation. I felt that it was highly 1'rob­ such mandate from the ECA; but such o'clock. A certain amount of oratory able that if this situation existed •there, discrimination is doubly vicious when must first be expended. That is a habit probably there were or might be similar the blame for it is attempted to be placed which this body has at times. situations in the future, and that some on the ECA. EXTENSION OF EUROPEAN RECOVERY action should be taken at this time to I may say that I have before me a tele­ PROGRAM ·amend the bill in such a way that our gram from the adjutant of the Ameri­ State Department, which handles such can Legion post in French Morocco, Her­ The Senate resumed the consideration matters, and the administration of ECA bert Abrams. He is a one-legged World of the bill f new sources 3790 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL { of wealth, and that would include the something further about his own amend- three or four excerpts from the hearings exploration for and the development ment. , which I think will elucidate the subject. of necessary strategic and critical About all I can add, Mr. President, is When the committee began consider­ materials. that the subject has been carefully ing this subject I was a very strong and Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, will studied and several of us on the commit­ enthusiastic partisan of the objective the Senator yield further? tee had the objective in mind. The Sen­ which the Senator from Louisiana sug­ Mr. PEPPER. I yield. ator from Louisiana has presented to the gests, and I still am. I well remember Mr. ELLENDER. I am aware of those Senate the fact that due inquiry was that the Senator from Florida [Mr. PEP· provisions of the law. The point I am made of the Administrator and his as­ PER] was also an enthusiastic advocate of trying to make is that not more than 5 sist.ant. Having in mind the objectives what the Senator from Louisiana is try­ percent of those funds can be used by of this measure, we became convinced ing to accomplish. However, we discov­ us to acquire such materials ·unless ·we that the Senator's amendment did not ered as we went into the subject that the can obtain the consent of the bene­ provide the' best way to accomplish what method suggested in this amendment is ficiary nation. the able Senator from Louisiana has in not the practical way to get the result I know that the counterpart funds can mind. The Lodge amendment makes which we all wish to achieve. be used for development, but the un­ more progress than the others make in I should like to read three excerpts fortunate thing is that very little of them that direction. Circumstances in the from the hearings. The first is on page have been used for that purpose. As I future, next year or the year after, may 68. I asked Mr. Hoffman a question. indicated to the Senate Saturday, and as lead the Administrator to find and to Senator LODGE: My next question is this: I said today, $672,000,000 of the counter­ feel that we can use a larger percentage As brought out 1n the OEEC's interim report, part funds have been released. And this of the counterpart funds for this purpose the participating countries stress the im­ is the way the money has been used-- than we are presently using. But when portance of manufacturing which includes Mr. PEPPER. Yes; I heard the Sen­ he does so conclude, there is ample lati­ the use and fabrication of raw materials, tude in the law for him to do that, be­ largely strategic materials, of which there ls a ator make the statement. world-wide shortage. Should not emphasis Mr. ELLENDER. Four hundred and· cause he is limited only by the language then be placed by ECA on development of forty-six million dollars for debt retire­ which says not less than 5 percent; but new sources of these materials within the ment-later figures show $539,000,000 there is no limitation which forbids him participating countries and in their overseas used for debt retirement. One hundred from using more than 5 percent if admin­ possessions? and seventy-two million dollars for recon­ istratively it is deemed necessary and Mr. HOFFMAN. There certainly should be, struction and rehabilitation. Forty-one desirable to do. so. sir, and we intend to put that emphasis on million dollars for development of stra­ Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, will the program this year. tegic and critical materials. the Senator yield? Senator LODGE. In that case would you ob­ Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, I ven­ Mr. PEPPER. I yield. ject, and if so, why, to a requirement that ture to reply to the able Senator from Mr. ELLENDER. Is it not a fact that loans made by ECA participating countries be repaid in whole or 1n part with strategic Louisiana that there must have been in order to be able to spend more than materials to be obtained from increases over some reason why a larger part of the the 5-percent minimum of the funds to present production? counterpart funds was not used. for the acquire materials for our country it Mr. HOFFMAN. That question was up and acquisition of the strategic and critical would be necessary to obtain the consent battled over this year. I took the positlon­ materials. Let me call the Senator's at- . of the beneficiary country, which has a and several members of ECA do not agree tention to the fact that it is not the law right to the use of this counterpart with me--tbat that provision would delay which limits the .amount of the counter­ fund? our getting strategic materials until we reach part funds which may be so used. The Mr. PEPPER. Of course, this is a that point where the loans were about to be law says that not less than 5 percent mutual transaction. However, our con­ repaid, which is about 4 or 5 years from now. The first payment, I think, is 5 years from of such counterpart funds may be used. sent is also required to any agreement the date the loan is made. But it does not limit the percentage of which may be entered into. This is a I felt the time we most needed our strategic the counterpart funds to 5 percent. It is matter of negotiation. As I say, there materials was in the immediate future for a fact that the Administrator, out of is nothing in the law to prevent the stock piling. I did not want to see the obli- · .his knowledge of the subject, has entered parties, by negotiation and agreement, gation that I feel these countries have to us into bilateral agreements with the bene­ from -accomplishing what the Senator and to themselves to help build up their ficiary countries that only 5 percent of from Louisiana has in mind as soon as security discharged by that kind of a stipu­ the counterpart funds shall be employed our ablest and best-informed representa­ lation, which to my way of thinking we for the advantage of the United States, tives may discover it feasible to do so. deferred. but that is not a limitation in the law. Mr. ELLENDER. Provided the bene­ As a practical matter I am quite confident that we did get, and will get, much more in That is a limitation in the agreement ficiary country agrees to it, and provided the way of delivery of strategic materials in entered into between the beneficiary there is any money remaining in the the next 2 or 3 years with that clause out countries and the Administrator, and the counterpart fund. than with that clause in. Administrator satisfied the committee of Mr. PEPPER. I think it would be the wisdom of his action in entering into within the power of the beneficiary I should like to read next a statement those agreements. country to disagree; but if it could be by Mr. Bruce, the Deputy Administrator. Mr. President, as I said, the Senator shown that it was feasible and was not This statement is found on page 237. from Massachusetts has offered an inconsistent with the purposes of the He was discussing strategic materials in amendment, which is summarized on act, it is difficult for me to imagine that French colonies. page 15 of the committee report: there would be any objection on the part We got interested in it first, of course, be­ Paragraph 1 emphasizes the Administra­ of the beneficiary country. cause of the very wise insistence by Con­ tor's obligation to make use of his bargain­ Mr. KEM obtained the floor. gress on the development and the bringing ing power to increase the production of Mr. LODGE. Mr. President, will the to the United States of any strategic or other materials, and to assist other agencies of scarce materials which might be available. the Government in purchasing materials. Senator yield to me for a brief state­ As you all know, I think, the presence of Paragraph 2 authorizes the Administrator, ment? materials of that nature in the French Union with the approval of the Bureau of_Federal Mr. KEM. Mr. President, I ask unan­ does not amount to any significant amounts Supply, and within the limits of the appro­ imous consent that I may be permitted nor are they distributed amongst nor are priations available to the Bureau of Federal to yield to the Senator from Massachu­ there present a surplus of any so-called stra­ Supply, to enter into contracts for periods setts for a brief statement, without los- tegic materials which are of immediate value as long as 20 years for the purchase of ma­ ing the floor. - to us. terials. Paragraph 3 makes it clear that this au.­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Next I go to page 332. This is also the thority does not in any way restrict the objection, it is so ordered. statement of Mr. Bruce: other agencies of the United States Govern­ Mr. LODGE. I thank the Senator Mr. BRUCE. In the enabling act, you have ment from stimulating production or pur­ from Missouri. assigned to us, as I pick them out, five re­ chasing materials in other parts of the world. Mr. President, I desire to comment on sponsibilities. One to see to it that par­ I am sure the able Senator from Mas­ the amendment of the Senator from ticipating countries facilitate the transfer to sachusetts will perhaps desire to say Louisiana, and to read into the RECORD this country of rtrategic materials for stock 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3791' piling and other purposes. At the end of Mr. ELLENDER. That would be an . Mr. BRUCE. I am thinking of one that ts that paragraph, you say: assistance to the Director of the Bureau not finally signed by the European party to "After due regard for reasonable require­ of Federal Supply and not a deterrent, the contract. It has been agreed to at this ments for domestic use and commercial end. It is one in which we would carry on export." would it not? our option for 10 years, I think. Under that paragraph we hav~ purchased Mr. LODGE. It would not be any Senator LODGE. You have not been ham­ some $23,000,000 or $24,000,000 worth of stra­ assistance to the Administrator to re­ pered by lack of legal authority to go ahe.,,d tegic materials, mostly in spot materials. quire him to earmark 25 percent of the and make long-term commitments, have you? We are pretty close to closing apother, say, counterpart funds unless we increase the $16,000,000 that will bring us up around RESTRICTION TO USE OF ONLY COUNTERPART authorization for ECA by that amount. FUNDS $40,000,.000, all from our counterpart funds, If we do that, that has the ultimate effect which, incidentally, is about the amount of Mr. BRUCE. No; we are hampered by not counterpart accrued to the end of December of appropriating an extra sum of dollars. having the dollars. We .are more hampered in the three principal countries concerned. That is the weakness in the proposal. by that than anything else. In these programs, some of the items fade Mr. ELLENDER. But the Senator Senator LODGE. As the law now stands, and away. On the other hand, . I think during concedes, does he not, that this amend­ I want to get it clear, you can use counter­ · the coming year a good many will take their ment does not in any manner reduce the part funds, but you cannot use dollars. Is place. I am rather optimistic that our ac­ amount of dollars which are authorized that it? tual purchases- out of the Q-percent counter­ Mr. BRUCE. Yes; for purchasing. part fund will increase. for the recovery of those countries? The next assignment is that the partici­ Mr. LODGE. Yes. In effect it sets In other words, they have the power pating countries agree to promote increased aside a percentage of the counterpart now which is suggested by the amend­ production and upon request to negotiate a func~s, which, in effect, is setting aside ment of the Senator from Louisiana. schedule of future minimum availability to dollars which would be used for other ·Then: this country, for future. delivery, in agreed purposes. The money would be used to Senator LODGE. Could you have made S(me percenta~es, of production, or absolute help those countries close ·their dollar advantageous deals for the United States if quantities. We have opened negotiations on gap, if it were not used for this purpose. that point. Mr. Harriman expects to have the law had given you the power. to pay in - assign in the next few days a man we all Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, will dollars? Some deals that you missed that think is the most competent fellow for this the Senator further yield? you could have made otherwise. kind of negotiation we could lay our hands Mr. LODGE. I should like to place in Mr. BRUCE. I think so'. on. the RECORD certain excerpts from the And then I said to him: Generally speaking, I do not think this ne­ hearings, if I may, but I will yield. gotiation is going to result in anything much I would appreciate very much if you could except generalities- Mr. ELLENDER. Does the Senator have someone in your office draft some lan­ agree that the counterpart fund should guage that you could offer as an amendment This is the important point- be used to discharge the debts and pay to this bill, which would make it possible untu we are in a position to negotiate long­ the current expenses of the governments for you to do just that. term contracts. When you sit down to ne­ of the beneficiary countries? Mr. President, the upshot of all that gotiate a contract, you can stipulate that 20 Mr. LODGE. I think the counterpart or 30 or 40 perce.nt of this material for a was-and the committee spent a great · term of years shall be delivered to us at our funds should be used in order to get those many hours, extending over seven or wish. In other words, that we should have countries on a healthy financial basis. eight daily meeting~, on this matter­ an option to draw on this production. But I am unable to go into details as to the that we came to the conclusion that we we are in a period, particularly in the ECA national debt and the currencies of those did not wish to promote the strategic ma­ countries, where the general industrial re­ countries; but certainly they have a bear­ terials objective at the expense of the covery has run away ahead of the in­ ing on the subject. economic recovery of the countries, be­ creased production of these strategic mat~­ I should like to conclude placing in the cause obviously that would be to def eat rials; so the demands or the shortage of sup­ RECORD this excerpt from Mr. Bruce's plies have gone up pretty rapidly. the whole purpose of the bill, which is to statement: get them on their feet and off our backs. Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, will W~ could not very well go much further On the other hand, we want to get the Senator yield for a question? than we have gone without destroying what strategic materials for the United States, Mr. LODGE. I yield. is the major object of the program, without in order to replenish our own ,dwindling Mr. ELLENDER. Under my amend­ pulling down the economy of these countries. stocks; and we want to do so without in­ ment, is it not a fact that not only is If I may interpolate, Mr. Bruce makes curring a greater burden upon the the 25-percent minimum set aside for the statement which I have been trying Treasury of the United States. the purchase for our account of stra~e­ to make, that if they had gone any fur­ So we ended up with paragraphs <1) , gic mi«;erials and for our local currency ther in using counterpart funds for this (2), and (3) on pages 8 and 9, in which requirements, but it is provided in sub­ purpose, it would have pulled do.wn the we give the Administrator, Mr. Hoffman, paragraph~ of paragraph produce 14,500,000 tons. Twenty ~ second. Porcelain manufac- Mr. President, the most disturbing Still under private ownership, tpe indus­ tory-Sevres. thing about this process from the stand­ try actually produced about 14,9"00,000 Twenty-third. Tapestry manufacto­ point of the average American taxpayer tons. ries-Gobelins and Beauvais. is that he is buying into a blind pool. In other words, the coal industry·under This process in both those countries He does not know how far the thing is Government ownership fell far short of has been accelerated to a great extent going. its goal, whereas the steel industry under by the use . directly and indirectly of The other day the chief of the brain private ownership exceeded its goal by Marshall-plan money. The most impor­ trust of the British Socialist Party was a substantial margin. So, Mr. President, tant project now pending is that of Eng­ also a visitor to our shores. He came to judged by the record, government opera­ land to nationalize the iron and steel in­ the city of Washington, and he was in­ tions of basic industries in both England dustry, which as I understand, under terviewed by the Washington Post. I and France have not been successful. 3798 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL 4 • They have survived only- because the I think we can proceed on the theory pounds a year, had contracted for the American· taxpayer has. been footing th~ that if we are to maintain the American purchase of ten Boeing Strato-Cruisers bill by putting up money earned by Amer• standard of living, wages in America which will be delivered beginning in the lean taxpayers under the American sys­ will be higher than in many other places fall of 1949. This involves an outlay tem of free enterprise and private initia­ in the world. of some $15,000,000, which can come from tive. As an American businessman Mr. BALDWIN. Would the Senator no source other than Marshall-plan aid. domiciled in Europe recently said: "We say it is safe to assume that under the Hence American taxpayers are, in effect, are certainly showing these Europeans socialized government in England, the giving equipment ·to a foreign overseas air that we have a blank lot of money and wages of the miners.there are not higher line. Having seen how we are taking blank little sense to go with it." than the wages of miners who are under care of the British overseas air lines, Mr. President, now I wish to direct the our free-enterprise system in the United let us contrast it with the plight of our attention of the Senate to what I con­ States? own overseas lines. American Overseas sider to be a very important proposition: Mr. KEM. Mr. President, I think it is was r·ecently disposed of by its parent Under the ECA plan, privately owned safe to assume that the wages in Eng­ company, America~ Airlines, Inc. In business in the United States is being land are lower. I feel sure of that, al­ the annual report of the American Air­ placed in a position where· it will compete though I do not have the figures here. lines, Inc., for the fiscal year 1948, just in both foreign and domestic markets To my notion, no workers anywhere else published, I find this very significant ex­ with governmenf-owned enterprises. in the world enjoy the standard of living planation of the transaction: American businessmen here at home have that the American worker enjoys, and, It is evident that American Overseas will had a little experience with competing therefore, it seems to me, no workers in the future require additional capital, and, with government enterprise, and they elsewhere in the world receive the wages if so, it must secure most of that from its have found that it is hard going and is which American workers receive. principal stockholder, American Airlines. very difficult competition. Under the Mr. BALDWIN. In other words, does I invite special attention to this: ECA plan, American businessmen are be­ the Senator from Missouri agree that the American Airlines presently has no addi­ ing put in a position where they have to Socialist government of England has not tional funds for that purpose and presently compete, or will have to in the days that brought to English wage earners a higher ha.s no source from which it can reasonably lie ahead, with government-owned en­ level of wages than they had before? secure such additional funds. terprises, not only in the foreign markets Mr. KEM. I think perhaps tempo­ In other words, the private industries of the world which we generally enter rarily with the aid of American money of America have no stomach to compete with the citizens of other foreign coun­ the income of English workers has been with a British government-owned enter­ tries, but also in the markets of the · greatly increased. Mr. President, I think prise financed with American money. United States. I do not believe this that is the very milk in the coconut: The It simply does not look good to them. aspect of the ECA plan has received the workers in England are supporting the The American Overseas Lines'1 equip­ attention it really deserves. Socialist Party there because with the ment, consisting of Constellations and The plain fact is that the moneys of aid of the Marshall-plan money they DC-4's, is, according to the report, obso­ the American taxpayer are being used to are able to get more·money for less w_ork lete. The history of the lines and of build up industry owned by foreign gov­ than they have ever had before in their their experience in competing with Brit­ ernments. This will have, as I see it, lives. ish government-owned enterprise has three serious effects on our economy: Does that answer the Senator's ques­ been such that, as we have just seen, no First, it will build up foreign competitors tion? risk capital can be secured on reasonable capable of sweeping American industry Mr. BALDWIN. That answers the terms. While this is going on, its di­ out of foreign markets; second, it will in­ question. rect competitor, the British Government, vite American industries to move abroad Mr. KEM. Mr. President, I am glad is being financed by ECA. and team up with foreign governments; the Senator from Connecticut brought up Under those circumstances, is it any and, third, it will progressively cut off that point, because I think it is very im­ wonder comment is made that Ameri­ American supplies of raw materials portant. I am sorry that I have to deal can governmental authorities in Europe which foreign governments will manu­ in generalities, and that I did not bring within the last year have shown that facture on their own. It seems to me the figures with me. But I am sure that they have "a blank lot of money, but that the important point to bear in mind the assumption upon which he and I are blank little sense"? in connection with that situation is that proceeding is correct. Let us look at the situation in Bel­ with their relatively cheap labor, such Mr. BALDWIN. Mr. President, will gium. Sabina, the Belgian air line, has government-owned enterprises will be in the Senator yield for a further question? recently received the first of four Convair a position. to undersell us in the world Mr. KEM. I am glad to yield. air liners, which cost $450,000 each. markets and in our own. Mr. BALDWIN. As I understand the Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, will the Mr. BALDWIN. Mr. President, will Senator, his point is that the working­ Senator yield for a question? the Senator yield for a question? men in any country cannot look forward The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does The PRESIDING OFFICER in the future. defeat of the Communist-dominated Popular contracts, are largely unilateral in their So far as arguing questions involving Front. The occasion for his speech was the essence because the money all comes the colonial policy of Holland in its rela­ arrival of the six hundredth ship from the from the United States. They are bi­ tions to the United Nations is concerned, United States carrying supplies under the lateral in the sense .that the recipients I should prefer not to do that today. postwar UNRRA relief program. of our largesse undertake to do certain Mr. MORSE. · I think the Senator's Mr. Dunn stated that he was reporting to things. criticism of my question is a perfectly the American Government that American aid Mr. MORSE. Would the Senator to Italy ls amply justified by the progress agree that if it is proper policy, within fair one. If he will permit me to restate made by the Italian people themselves. our existing agreements, to withhold the it in terms which I think would be fair, Mr. Dunn's speeches, of which he has de­ I should like to put it in this way: Does livered several during the electoral cam­ $15,000,000 connec~ion from the Dutch in the Senator agree we have the right, paign, have repeatedly been the object of with the Indonesian policy, it would llke­ when it comes to examining any amend­ bitter Communist attacks. • • • Undis­ wise be consistent to withhold all the mayed by Communist rage, Mr. Dunn went Dutch money under ECA until the Dutch ment proposed as a substitute for the Brewster amendment, to determine quietly ahead, pointing out to the Italians on complied with existing findings of au­ every possible occasion what American aid thorized agencies of the United Nations whether or not the substitute will make has meant to them and to their country. :l:n regard to their violations in Indonesia it possible for the United States to de­ of United Nations principles? cide the conditions under which Ameri­ H·on. Tom C. Clark, the Attorney Gen­ Mr. KEM. I would agree with the can money shall go to the Dutch Govern­ eral of the United States, in a radio Senator to this extent. If we are of the ment, rather than transfer that decision broadcast to the Italian people a few days opinion that our money, directly or in­ to Russia by way of her exercising a veto? before election, asked for a def eat of the directly, is used to accomplish certain Mr. KEM. I believe it is clearly not Communist forces. He asked the voters purposes in Indonesia of which we do only our right, but our duty and our to return a resounding victory for God not approve, it would be entirely proper responsibility. and freedom. and entirely consistent to attach a con­ Mr. President, I think probably the After the election, Mr. Harriman laid dition to further gifts to Holland, namely, most striking instance to support the particular emphasis on the effect of that no further money should be used thesis of the Senator from Oregon that American aid. He said, according to the for that purpose. we have a right, as I understand, to lay New York Times of April 21, 1948: Mr. MORSE. I think I understand down a .condition as to how our money The Italian election was a clear indication the answer, and the Senator in his usual shall be used is to be found in our rela­ that the recovery program had strengthened forthright way has certainly met the tionship with Italy under the ECA. the democratic parties in all countries. 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3801 I do not mean to say that I do not ap­ for themselves whether they want to use Mr. KEM. It has been said on the prove of what Mr. Zellerbach, Mr. Dunn, the funds to nationalize an industry or fioor before, and I think every Senator and Mr. Clark did in connection with the not to nationalize an industry, have we will agree, that Mr. Churchill is first of Italian election. I do say that in view of not? all an Englishman. the record we cannot now, with any de­ Mr. KEM. Yes; clearly, and I think That brings me, Mr. President, to the gree of consistency whatever, piously dis­ to the extent that the choice has in­ last proposition to \\thich I want to ad­ claim any intention to interfere in the in­ volved the use of our own money we have dress myself. The Marshall plan aid · ternal affairs of any country in Europe. not been sound or correct or wise in per­ that is now going out is being used to Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the mitting that. support a Socialist Government in Eng­ Senator yield? Mr. MORSE. That is the difference. land. The same thing in my judgment Mr. KEM. I yield. I hasten to add, as I think the Senator that occurred in Italy is occurring in Mr. MORSE. I want to say as a foun- knows, tpat I would vote against any England today. The difference is that . dation for my question that I think the proposition for the . nationalization, for i:i.1 England, instead of supporting the Senator from Missouri is performing a instance, of the transportation system anti-Marxist :(orces, in England we are very important service in clarifying what of the United States. supporting the Marxist forces. In other I think is a great issue. Mr. KEM. I am sure of that. words, our money is being used in Eng­ Mr. KEM. I thank the able Senator Mr. MORSE. But did we not leave it land to uphold one branch of the great from Oregon. up to the British people to decide for Marxian Socialist Party. Mr. MORSE. Namely, the right of our themselves whether they wanted to na­ It is an open secret that ECA funds Government to lay down conditions, if tionalize the transportation system of are being used for the purpose of in­ we shall see fit to lay them down, as a England, and they decided to nationalize fiuencing the approaching election. condition precedent to the appropriation it through their elected representatives American aid is, of course, definitely of funds. The Senator and I are a-greed in Parliament? contributing to the . popularity of the on the right. I think we are in disagree­ Mr. KEM. Certainly. Socialist government in England. On the ment on our policy in exercising the Mr. MORSE. One more question. surface it appears· that British socialism right. So I ask the Senator if he will Does the Senator know-and I do not is doing well and that the recovery of permit me to ask him two or three ques­ mean this facetiously, because I think Britain is assured. But it ·is Marshall tions along this line. there is an important point in it­ plan aid which gives this aspeCt to Is it not true that, to the extent of our whether or not even the leaders of the socialism. As the British election draws interference, through the Marshall plan, Conservative Party in Great Britain near, clothing, thanks to Marshall aid, in internal policies in Italy, in that the approve of his proposal that we deny to has been de-rationed. Sugar and candy supplying of the goods and money did them ECA funds if the funds were to be have been de-rationed-thanks to Mar­ have an effect on the electorate, that the used to socialize any Br~tish industry? shall-aid sugar from Cuba. New factories freedom of choice as to the economic Mr. KEM. I do not think the Senator are arising all over England. Much of forms of Italy were left in .the Italian· was in the Chamber at the time I com­ the equipment is coming from the United people by the American Government? menced my remarks. States, and the requisite. dollars are We made no attempt to interfere with Mr. MORSE. I was not. available only because Marshall aid sup­ the exercise of freedom of choice. Mr. KEM. I quoted in considerable plies imports which normally consume Mr. KEM. Well, except the moral sua­ detail from Winston Churchill. these dollars. sion that we exercised in announcing·the Mr. MORSE. I am sorry I was not In other words, as I have said before, gift the day before the election, and hav­ Marshall-plan aid is a great political ing our Ambassador urge the Italian peo­ present when the Senator did that. slush fund to assist the Labor Party and ple to stand up for God and country, and Mr. KEM. I think Mr. Churchill socialism in the coming British election. for the harangue'by the Attorney General touched on exactly that point. The Re­ There are two ways of life competing of the United States over the radio. I porter has the copy of his statement. in the world today. The American way think it is hard to say that the Italian But I think the Senator will find that based upon free enterprise and persona{ people, under those circumstances, under Mr. Winston Churchill, the leader of the initiative, has given the American people . our great moral suasion, were exercising Conservative Party in England, has ex­ an economy that is the envy of the rest an entirely untrammeled freedom of pressed himself in quotations which I of the world. The second way is the choice. r~ad into the RECORD, on that exact Socialist way, as now being practiced by Mr. MORSE. It is true, though, is it proposition. the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, not, that by use . of the ballot they re­ Mr. MORSE. I shall read the Sen­ and by the Socialist-controlled Govern­ tained the right to decide whether or not ator's· speech on that point. I simply ment .of England. This has been a failure they wanted to vote against communism wish to say that I shall be very much wherever tried. In Russia they have in that election or against the commu­ surprised if even Winston Churchill or been experimenting with socialism for nistic candidates, and support the can-. any other of the Conservative leaders approximately 30 years. Today we are .didates whose cooperation with the in Great Britain are saying, by any told by travelers who are able to pene­ United States they knew was a foregone quotation the Senator can find, that they trate their.on curtain that Russia is the conclusion if they elected them? would disapprove of the Senate of the poorhouse of Europe. We are told by Mr. KEM. The Senator is a very care­ United States approving the granting of travelers and observers who have come ful and diligent student of the processes ECA funds unless we adopted the Sen­ back from England, and who have ob­ of democracy, and I know the Senator ator's amendment as a condition preced­ served their figures of production, that will agree with me that_many times the ent to the granting of the funds. production in England has been gradual­ form of democracy -is retained when the Mr. KEM. I do not want to put any ly dropping ever since the Socialist ex- · spirit of it ts violated utterly. Now, to unfair or incorrect connotation on what periment began there. what extent the Italian people were act­ Mr. Churchill has said, and l invite the I believe that it is against the interest ing as free agents in this case I do not Senator's attention to Mr. Churchill's of the -United States to contribute the ea.re to express an opinion. The evidence language, and to-a quotation I inserted in hard-earned money of the American tax·­ I have is not sufficient. The reference my remarks from the London Economist. payer, earned under the American sys­ I made to the situation is for the pur­ As I understand, the Conservative tem of free enterprise and individual pose of demonstrating that we have not Party ts very unhappy with the present initiative, to support and maintain a hesitated to interfere in the internal af­ state of affairs, where the American political ideolo~y totally foreign and re- fairs of other countries. money is being used as a slush fund for •pugnant to the American people. I hope · Mr. MbRSE. I think the Senator has the purpose of promoting the interests · the Senate · will adopt the amendment. established that fact, but, if he will per­ of the Socialist Party in that country. In closing I wish to make one further mit me, I want to point out to him what Mr. MORSE. Does the Senator from quotation. It appears at page A3844 of I think our difference is. Missouri think that if the Conservative the Appendix to the CONGRESSIONAL REC­ Mr. KEM. Yes. Party were in control in England they ORD, 80th Congress,. second session. It Mr. MORSE. We have still left to the would undoubtedly be also asking for is a dispatch from the New York Her­ Italian people in Italy and to the English funds to carry out the economic policies ald Tribune of Sunday, June 13, 1948, people in England the choice of deciding of that party? and was inserted in the RECORD by a 3802 CO.NGRESS.IONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL 4 Member of the House from New York, the treaty. According to this afternoon's The Rio Pact, which changed the Monroe Hon. ABRAHAM J. MULTER, as an extension Washington Star, the treaty, when rati­ Doctrine from a unilateral to a reciprocal '4-ndertaking, was followed by the Truman of his remarks. The dispatch reads as fied, will pledge these 12 nations to do doctrine of extending financial and military follows: four specific things: aid to Greece and Turkey so that they could LONDON, June 12.-Winston Churchill First. Strengthen their free institu­ resist the threat of communism. Then came charged today that Great Britain's Labor tions, promote conditions of stability and the European recovery program, without government "has become dependent on the well-being, and encourage economic co­ which western Europe could not have sur­ generosity of the capitalist system of Amer­ operation. vived as a non-Communist community. To­ ica." Second. Maintain and develop their day it is the North Atlantic Pact, which, with Nationalization of British industry has the attendant arms agreement, spells the end been a "complete failure," Mr. Churchill individual and collective capacity to re­ of American isolation. Ahead, still un­ charged, and "nothing less than the complete sist armed attack through continuous formed but rich with promise, lies point four discrediting and abandonment of the Social­ and effective self-help and mutual aid. of the inaugural address-a program for ap­ ist conceptions about industry can restore Third. Consult together if the terri­ plying American skill and American resources our country." torial integrity, political independence, to the resuscitation of the backward areas of the world. Further in the dispatch I read another or security of any one of them is threat­ -ened. What history will say of the man who has quotation from Mr. Churchill: fathered this unprecedented undettaking, "In my long experience," he said, "I have Fourth. Consider an armed attack on where he wlll be ranked among the American never seen such an exhibition of squalid any one of the 12 as an attack against Presidents, can best be left to the historians. party malice and intrigue or one more cynt­ all and, consequently, to take such in­ But if the desired results ·are achieved, if cally divorced from the revival and well­ dividual and collective action-including aggressive communism is turned back, if the being of our country. the use of armed force-as each party peace is saved, if the consummate disaster "How the Socialist Ministers can go about considers necessary to restore and main­ of another war is averted, we of this genera­ bragging on their Socialist program and of tain the security of the North Atlantic tion will at least know that once again, in the nationalization of industry on party lines, a time of great need, the American system how they can deride the system of free en­ area. has produced a ?resident who had the wis­ terprise and capitalism which makes America Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ dom and the courage to make the right de­ great and wealthy and then, at the same sent to have printed in the RECORD at cision and the strength of character to act time, eagerly seek the aid which has hitherto this point as a part of my remarks a upon it. been so generously granted from across the copy of the editorial published in this THE SECRET SEVEN-PERSONAL · Atlantic-that is a grimace which baffles the afternoon's edition of the Washington STATEMENT limitations of our language to explai~." Evening Star. The editorial is entitled Mr. MARTIN. Mr. President, on Sat­ That is the end of Mr. Churchill's "Mr. Truman's Great Role." remarks. I continue to read from the There being no objection, the editorial urday last one of my colleagues ap­ dispatch: was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, proached me in this Chamber and ut­ as follows: tered a jesting remark. He asked, with "The Conservatives, if elected to power," he a smile, "What is your secret number?" said, "would curtail the failure and waste MR. TRUMAN'S GREAT ROLE of state planning and state t rading," would It would be unbecoming on this historic The remark conveyed no meaning to me, reduce Government expenditure, would erad­ day of signature of the North Atlantic Secu­ and I promptly forgot it. icate an inevitable conflict l;>etween _the in­ rity Pact not to take particular notice of the Yesterday, however, I found in the terests of employers and the employed, would gr€at role which has been played by Presi­ newspapers a Washington dispatch which clear the way for promotion for talent, merit, dent Truman in recasting the foreign policy recalled to my mind the remark made by and fidelity and would bring all firms up to of the United States. my colleague the day before. The first the standard of tl\e best. We have come a long way since George paragraph of the article was as fallows: Mr. Churchill declared that British youth Washington admonished a struggling young is in revolt against the folly that it is better Nation against permanent alliances, since A group of Republican Senators who half­ that every one should have half-rations Thomas Jefr'erson spoke out against en­ jokingly are known as the S~cret Seven ap­ rathe..r than that any, by their exertions or tangling alliances, since James Monroe parently have undertaken full-scale warfare ability, should earn a second helping. enunciated the policy which bears his name on the whole range of President Truman's "The need of the British nation," he con­ and which served thereafter for more than legislative program. cluded, "is a new Parliament in which the ex­ a century as the guiding star of our foreign In the next paragraph the article perience of age will be refreshed by the new policy. We have seen great powers come and states: impulse of youth and the majority of the go. Through the processes of age and decay nation united in an inflexible resolve that in other parts of the globe rather than This group operates independently of the our country shall remain a great power in the through any design of our own, we have seen Republican policy committee in swinging its world-earnest, masterful, vital, self-sup- the United States rise to the pinnacle ot meat ax at Democratic proposals. . porting, valiant, and free." world power. Finally c~me the time when The next paragraph listed my name THE SIGNING OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC we had to decide what use would be made of our power, whether in the face of a new as one of the group referred to as the PACT world aggression we would shackle ourselves Secret Seven. Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. Mr. with the remnants of the old isolationist tra­ Mr. President, I want you to know, President, at this very hour the eyes and dition, or whether we would move forth boldly and I want every Member of the Senate the ears of the world are turned toward in ~n endeavor to employ our power to pre­ to know, .that I am not now, nor have I and tuned to the city of Washington, vent another war rather than fight it after ever been, a member of any group to where the representatives of 12 nations it had begun. which the label "Secret Seven" or secret are now assembled and about to sign a The man who had to make that decision any other number could be truthfully was Harry S. Truman, newly come to the applied. · trea ·~y known as the North Atlantic Pact. White House through the accident of the The names of the representatives and death of his predecessor. For a man fixed · Furthermore, I am not and have never the countries they represent are as with the ultimate responsibility, it was no been associated with any group in the follows: easy decision to make. Certainly there were Senate, or elsewhere, that is engaged in Paul-Henri Spaak, of Belgium; Lester grave risks involved, but Mr. Truman saw full-scale warfare against the whole B. Pearson, of Canada; Gustav Rasmus­ very clearly that it was not a question of ac­ range of President Truman's legislative cepting or avoiding risks, but of choosing program, as the article states. sen, of Denmark; Robert Schuman, of between risks. And it is to his everlasting France; Bjarni · Benediktsson, of Ice­ credit that he chose the risk which went· Obviously, the intimation given in the land; Count Carlo Sforza, of Italy; Jo­ along with the assumption of responsibility. article was that I had adopted a policy seph Bech, of Luxemburg; Dirk U. Stik­ He decided that the immense power of the of oppposition to every administration ker, of the Netherlands; Halvard M. United States should be used affirmatively in proposal, regardless of merit, and that I Lange, of Norway; Jose Caeiro da Matta, the interests of a decent world, and it may had joined with other Senators to wreck of Portugal; Ernest Bevin, of the United very well be that the whole hope of western the Dem~atic legislative program. Kingdom; and Mr. Acheson, represent­ civilization rides on that decision. Of course, other men contributed to the Mr. President, that is completely ing the United States. grand design. General Marshall and Senator false. In considering legislation I have After the treaty is signed it must be VANDENBERG were conspicuous among them. cohferred informally with many of my ratified by the countries just mentioned. But in the last analysis it was the President colleagues, Democrats as well as Repub­ Of course, this means that our country, who had the responsib111ty, who made the licans. I have always considered each the United States, must formally ratify decision, and who is entitled to the credit. bill, as it came before this body, strictly 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3803 on its merits. My vote, for or against, To be second lieutenants poverty, and ignorance, ever mindful of every measure, regardless of its source, Betty B. Coleman the problems of each life which must be has been decided by the answers to four Delores M. Knapik solved. Bless our Republic and help us questions: The following-named persons for appoint­ ever to guard-the sacred realities of the First. Is it right? ment in the United States Air Force, in the open church, the open school, and the Second. Will it work? grade indicated, with dates of rank to be de­ poor man's home. In the name of our Third. Is it for the benefit of all the termined by the Secretary of the Air Force, Redeemer. Amen. under the provisions of section 506, Public people? Law 381, Eightieth Congress (Officer Per­ The Journal of the proceedings of Fri· Fourth. Can we afford it? sonnel Act of 1947): day, Aprill, 1949, was read and approved. That is the yardstick I apply. I have no other yardstick. To be second lieutenants , MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE I will support President Truman's leg­ Robert S. Barmettler Joseph F. Olshefski A message from the Senate, by Mr. islative proposals when the four ques­ Axel Bolvig, Jr. Herbert W. Reming.:' McBride, its assistant enrolling clerk, an­ tions I have listed can be answered in Leon E. Boswell ton Charles C. Briggs, Jr. Harold K. Snook nounced that the Senate had passed the affirmative. John A. Burdick Edward G. Sperry concurrent resolutions of the following I will oppose President Truman's pro­ John F. Christopher Robert C. Storrie titles, in which the concurrence of the gram·and every other proposal that does James L. Dennis Lammie L. Thurmond, House is requested: not meet these requirements. Michael Fatula Jr. . S. Con. Res.10. Concurrent resolution to In order that there be no misunder­ Jack A. Fowler Francis M. Wildman provlde additional funqs for th.e Joint Com­ standing of my position, I repudiate as John R. Habicht Clifford M. Winter, Jr. mittee on Labor-Management Relations; and entirely without foundation the state­ Ned D. McDonald, Jr. Burton Zeiger S. Con. Res. 19. Concurrent resolution au­ ment that I am a member of any Secret Terrence V. McGuire thorizing the printing of additional copies of IN THE MARINE CORPS prayers offered by the Chaplain, the Reverend Seven or any other group · pledged to Peter Marshall, D. D., at the opening of the sabotage the administration program. The following-named officer for appoint­ daily sessions of the Senate of the Uhited RECESS ment to the temporary grade of major gen­ btates during the Eightieth and Eigh.ty-first eral in the Marine Corps: Congresses. Mr. SPARKMAN. I move that the Merwin H. Silverthorn EXTENSION OF REMARKS Senate take a recess until 11 o'clock The following-named officer for appoint­ a. m. tomorrow. ment to the permanent grade of captain fo.r Mr. ANDERSON of California asked The motion was agreed to; and (at 3 limited duty in the Marine Corps: and was given permission to extend his o'clock and 29 minutes p. m.) the Sen­ Hubert G. Bozarth remarks in the RECORD. ate took a recess until tomorrow, Tues­ The following-named officer for appoint­ VETERANS' HOUSING day, April 5, 1949, at 11 o'clock a. m. ment to the permanent grade of fiDst lieu­ Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. tenant for limited duty in the Marine Corps: Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ NOMINATIONS Merle C. Davis dress the House for 1 minute and to Executive nominations received by the The following-named citizens (civilian col­ revise and extend my remarks. Senate April 4 (legislative day of March lege graduates) for appointment to the per­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to 18), 1949: manent grade of second lieutenant in the the request of the gentleman from Cali­ Marine Corps~ fornia? POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT Robert F. Maiden, a citizen of Colorado. John W. Askew, of Virginia, to be Comp­ There was no objection. James E. Shugart, a citizen of Texas. Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. troller, Post Office Department, vice John J, Dan C. Walker, a citizen of Virginia. Haggerty, resigned and retired. Henry M. Whitesides, a citizen of North Speaker, 10 days ago I called the atten­ Carolina. tion of the House to a nasty situation IN THE Am FORCE which has occurred in connection with The following-named persons for appoint­ The following-named citizen (contract ment in the United States Air Force, in the NROTC student) for appointment to the veterans' housing projects in San Jose, grades indicated, 'with dates of rank to be permanent grade of second lieutenant in the Calif., in my district, because of the determined by the Secretary of the Air Force, Marine Corps: . failure of sanitary facilities to properly under the provisions of section 308, Public Charles D. Fay, a citizen of Massachusetts. ·dispose of sewage. At that time I stated Law 625, Eightieth Congress (Women's The following-named midshipman for ap­ that the affected veterans were threaten­ Armed Services Integration Act of 1948): pointment to the permanent grade of second ing to strike on their FHA loans. I now To be majors lieutenant in the Marine Corps: have a wire from the American Legion, Millicent Anderson Edith E. Gintzer John R. Linnenkamp stating as follows: Grace M. Barth Helen Kulikowska The following-named officer for appoint­ Veterans' situation here requires your im­ Marjorie E. Bowman Kathleen McClure' ment to the permanent grade of commis­ mediate· assistance. Seventy-five veterans Edythe S. Cobbe Margaret L. Miller sioned warrant officer in the Marine Corps: struck here Friday on FHA GI loans. Re­ Martha L. Cross Catherine M. Moran William R. Yingling, Jr. gional Veterans' Administration, San Fran­ Ruth M. Downey Margaret J. Steele cisco, not only apathetic, but they seem more Edith G. Eide Vera E. Von Stet~ interested hi protecting lenders than helping To be captains veterans. Rachel W. Brinton Claire J. McDonald HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . Mr. Speaker, I have appealed to the Jane A. Buck Mary E. McPherson Veterans' Administration, the FHA, and Bernice D. Coulter Olive L. Moeckel the Housing Expediter. Lillian W. Duncan Theresa C. Mravintz MONDAY, APRIL ·4, 1949 Leonora E. Embich Genevieve K. O'Brien So far, none of those Federal agencies Gladys Foley Rose E. Panowski The House met at 12 o'clock noon. indicates a desire to-take cognizance of Adeline Franzel Elizabeth Ray · The Chaplain, Rev. James Sqera this situation. I am now appealing to Elizabeth T. Hickson Edythe L. Robertson Montgomery, D. D., offered the following the veterans' comm.ittee of the House of Rosalia A. Hoffmann Marguerite L. Roux prayer: Representatives, requesting that they Anita E. Johnson Elizabeth ·o. Ryland take an interest in this situation and Anne S. Krizanauskas Marion L. Watt Our Father in heaven, whose will is make such investigations as are neces­ Lorna v. Kubli Olive E. Young supreme and without whom nothing is sary. To be first lieutenants pure or enduring, hear our prayer. As It appears to me that there must be Margaret V. Berry Helen R. Huyett · statesmen gather together today, not for some Federal agency to which these vet­ Margaret R. Brinson Marcia A. Levy expansion but for mutual aid, grant that erans can appeal in cases of this kind. Rose J. Coppa Agnes W. McAmis their decisions may meet with Thine ap­ To whom are they to look for redress if Lucme B. Dion Gloria K. Miller-Potter prov~l and that of Christian people the Congress which authorizes the crea­ Florence R. Ferris Dorothy A. Porter everywhere. O;rla L. Geick Mary L. Porter · tion of the agencies which approve their Ellen T. Gilbert Jane Sewell Blessed Lord, we turn to Thee for the loans will not act? I want less "buck · Sarah Goldin Barbara S. Smith healing of the evils which only Thou passing" and more action. Carolyn F. Greenway Virginia J. Starbuck canst cure. Let us in Thy holy name The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ Jessie V. Hogan Gwendolyn J. Watson make ceaseless effort ·against injustice, tleman from California has expired.