1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN~TE · 3641 By Mr. O'BRIEN of Michigan: bear, making us mindful only of the suf­ S. 2212 . An act to suspend during war or H. J . Res. 306. Joint resolution to amend ferings of others, that we may lose the a national emergency declared by Congress or the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act, fiscal selfish longings and the vain regrets of by the President the provisions of section year 1942, by providing for a 15-percimt in­ 322 of the act of June 30, 1932, as amended, crease in wages for all persons employed on days agone in the love which is of Thee relating to certain leases; and projects of the Work Projects Administration; and which, indeed, Thou art. -we hum­ · S. 2399 . An act to amend the act entitled to the Committee on Appropriations. bly .offer our petitions in the Name and "An act to require the registration of cer­ for the sake of Jesus Christ, Thy Son, our tain persons employed by agencies to dissemi­ Lord. Amen. · nate propaganda in the United States, and PETITIONS, ETC. for other purposes,'' approved June 8, 1938, THE JOURNAL as amended. ·Under clause 1 of rule XA.'1I, petitions On motion of Mr. BARKLEY, and by and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk The message also announced that the unanimous consent, the reading of the House had passed the following bills of and referred as follows: Journal of the proceedings of the calen­ the Senate, severally with an amend­ 271L By Mr. FENTON: Petition of Miss S. dar day Monday, April 20, 1942, was dis­ Jennie Fisher, of Shamokin, and sundry other ment, in which it requested-the concur­ pensed with, and the Journal was ap­ rence of the Senate: citizens, requesting passage of Senate bill·860 proved. prohibiting sale of alcoholic liquors among S.1563. An act conferring jurisdiction the land and naval forces of the United States, REGISTRATION OF SENATORS AND MEM­ upon the Court· of Claims of the ·united and for other purposes; to the Committee on BERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTA­ States to hear, determine, and render judg­ Military Affairs. TIVES . ment upon the claim of Albert M. Howard; 2712. By Mr. FISH: Petition of 23 residents S. 1765. An act for the relief of the minor of the Twenty-sixth Congressional District of Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, for the children of Mrs. Jesus Zamora Felix, de­ New York, signed by Mary Ware Dennett, information of Members of the Senate, ceased; chairman, World Federalists, New York com­ I wish to announce that, through the S. 1899. An act for the relief of Lawrence mittee for a democratic world government, courtesy of ·colonel Halsey, our efficient Brizendine; calling for a convention of representatives of Secretary, arrangements have been made S.1961. An act to eliminate the prohibi­ all free peoples, to frame a world federal con­ for the-registration of those Senators be­ tion against the filling of the first vacancy stitution under which this country may unite occurring in the office of district judge for in the establishment and maintenance of or­ tween the ages of 45 and 65, in the ro­ tunda of the Capitol next Monday, April the district of New Jersey; and der through democratic world government; to S. 2406. An act to authorize ·the Secretary the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 27, 9 a.m. to 4:30p.m. of the Navy to proceed with the construction 2713. By Mr. HART: Petition of the Board Cards will be provided for each Senator of certain public works, and for other pur- of Commissioners of the City of Newark, N. J., which can be filled out in advance, but poses. · favoring enactment· of legislation providing the card must be signed iri the presence for the establishment of daylight-saving time of the registrar and handed in person to The message further announced that superimposed upon the war time now in ef­ the House had passed the following bills fect throughout the country; to the Com­ the registrar in the rotunda on Monday. This service necessarily is limited to of the Senate, each with amendments, mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. in which it requested the concurrence of 2714. By Mr. KRAMER: Petition of the San ·the Members of the Francisco Civilian Defense· Council, ,resolving and House of Representatives. the Senate: that the necessary Federal Government au­ S. 1694. An act for the relief of Mrs. Claud thorities be requested at th?. earliest possible • MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT Tuck; and · moment to provide San Francisco and its fire Messages in writing from the President S. 2002. An act for the relief of Donald department with additional fire apparatus of the United States submitting nomina­ William Burt. and such other necessary equipment as will tions were communicated to the Senate properly and adequately protect said port and The message also announced that the water front of San Francisco against said in­ by Mr. Miller, one of his secretaries. House had agreed to the amendment of creased fire hazards; to the Committee on MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE the Senate to each of the following bills Military Affairs. of the House: A message from the House of Repre­ 2715. By Mr. ROLPH: Resolution of the San H . R. 2320. An act to accept the cession by Francisco Chamber of Commerce relative to sentatives, by Mr. Calloway, one of its the States of North Carolina and Tennessee the Division of Industry Operations, War .Pro­ reading clerks, announced that the House of exclusive jurisdiction over the lands em­ duction Board, establishing a priority proced­ had passed without amendment the fol­ braced within the Great Smoky Mountains ure for various business establishments; to lowing bills of the Senate: National Park, and for other purposes; and the Committee on Banking and Currency. S. 836. An act for the relief of John C. H. R. 5075. An act to create a Recreation Crossman; Board for the District of Columbia, to define S. 950. An act for the relief of Dora Thomp­ its duties, and fox: other purposes. son; SENATE · S. 984. An act for the relief of Mr. and Mrs. The ·message further announced that James C. Leard; the House had agreed to the report of THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 1942 S. 1424. An act for the relief of Mary J. the committee of conference on the dis­ Crabtree; agreeing votes of the two Houses on the

Lucien W. Carmichael, a citizen of Mis­ ILLINOIS Edna L. Quinn, Rush, N. Y. Office became sissippi. Ruth Fosdick, Proving Ground, Ill. Office Presidential July i, 1941. Walter W. Hitesman, Jr., a citizen of became Presidential October 1, 1941. John A. Martin, Saugerties, N. Y., in place Louisiana. of S. F. Barker. Incumbent's commission ex­ John L. Hopltins, a citizen of California. IOWA, pired June 20, 1940. Cecilia R. Mead, Oto, Iowa, in place of L. W. James G. Kelly, a citizen of Pennsylvania. . NORTH CAROLINA Charles D. Harris, a citizen of Michigan. McCleerey, removed. John J . Herkenrath, Portsmouth, Iowa, in Annie B. Morton, Carolina Beach, N. C., in George 0. Ludeke, Jr., a citizen of Minne- place of W. H. Blair, resigned. sota. • place of Amelia Sondag, resigned. Donald R. Kennedy, a citizen of California. KANSAS Robert F. Loftin, Troutmans, N. C., in place of W. A. Allison. Incumbent's commission POSTMASTERS Walter Koon; Clearwater, Kans., in place expired August 2, 1941. The following,.named persons to be post­ of V. F. Young, transferred. masters: George E. Hull, Eureka, Kans., in place of OHIO ALABAMA D. R. Marriott, removed. Helen B. Owen, Lowell, Ohio, in place of Frank M. McAdam, Moran, Kans., in place B. E. Bowden, resigned. Arthur H . Allbright, Birmingham, Ala., in of 0 . S. Lambeth, resigned. place of W. C. Green, resigned. Anna C. Linscheid, North Newton, Kans., OKLAHOMA Thomas J. Millican, Brilliant, Ala. Office in place of Dorothy Stucky. Incumbent's James A. Deaton, Howe, Okla., in place of became Presidential July 1, 1941. commission expired· December 8, 1941. J. A. Deaton. Incumbent's commission ex­ .Willard D. Leake, Jasper, Ala., in place of pired December 10, 1941. W. D. Leake. Incumbent's commission ex­ KENTUCKY pired March 30. 1942. Stanley H. Jones, Fort Knox, Ky., in place PENNSYLVANIA Samuel D. Wren, Red Bay, Ala., in place of S . H. Jones. Incumbent's commission ex­ William R. Blackwood, Harborcreek, Pa. of S. D. Wren. Incumbent's commiSSion ex­ pired May 19, 1940. Office became Presidential July 1, 1941. pired March 30, 1942. Lula Sharp, Sharpsburg, Ky., in place of PUERTO RICO ' ARKANSAS Lula Sharp. Incumbent's commission expired March 30, 1942. Julia Chacon de Vidill, Ensenada, P. R., 'tn William Edgar Bradley, Alma, Ark., in place _Myrtle B. Milam, Wallins Creek, Ky., in place of J. C. de Vidal. Incumbent's commis­ of W. E. Bradley. Incumbent's commission place of M. B. Milam. Incumbent's commis­ sion expired December 1, 1941.· expired March 30, 1942. sion expired March 10, 1941. Joseph D. Gault, Dardanelle, Ark., in place RHODE ISLAND of J. D. Gault. Incumbent's commission ex­ LOUISIANA Ralph Campbell, Wickford, R. I., in place of pired August 19, 1941. Alice D. Brown, Doyline, La. Office be-::ame W. C. Kingsley, resigned. Bess M Nobles, Dierks, Ark., in place of Presidential October 1, 1941. B . M. Nobles. Incumbent's commission ex­ •' SOUTH CAROLINA pired March 30, 1942. MAINE ,Mary P. Mishoe, Greelyville, S. C., in place Jettie Douglas Hodges, Leachville, Ark., in Norman W. Hulit, Cumberland Center, of . ~red Mishoe, retired. place of Buren Flannigan, transferre<:l. Maine, in place of N. W. Hulit. Incumbent's Lindsay C. McFadden, Rt>ck Hill, S. C.,· in Jo Etta Carolan, State Sanatorium, Ark., in commission expired August 6, 1941. place of L. C. McFadden. Incumbent's com- place of J. E. Carolan. Incumbent's commis­ Ra9hel Gates Haskell. Dixfield, Maine, in mission expired March 25, ·1942. · · sion expired March 30, 1942. place of W. W . Eustis, removed. Charles P. Lemaire, Lewiston, Maine, in TEXAS CALIFORNIA place of C. P. Lemaire: Incumbent's commis- I. J. Burns, Brady, Tex., in place of A. B. Clare A. Partridge, Mentone, Calif., in place sion expired March 30, 1942. · Reagan, retired. of E. T. Davis. Incumbent's commission ex­ H. Edward Rice, Orono, Maine, in place of Joseph Morris Woolsey, Yoakum, Tex., in pired November 30, 1941. F. H. Parady, resigned. place of J. A. McFadden, deceased. Alva A. Fields, Modesto, Calif., in place or· A. A. Fields. Incumbent's commission expired MARYLAND UTAH April 15, 1942. Philip J. Kurtz, Belcamp, Md. 9ffice be­ Roger W. Creer, Spanish Fork, Utah, 'in Herl:ert C. Halterman, Rodeo, Calif., in came Presidential October 1, 1940. place of R. w.· Creer. Incumbent's commis­ place of K. A. Creedon, resigned. Charles A. Bechtold, Fort George G. Meade, sion expired March 10,_1941. Anna Mae O'Keefe, Summit City, Calif. Md. Office established. VIRGINIA Office became Presidential April 1, 1941. Michael J. Byrne.s, Frostburg, Md., in pl~ce Carroll A. Gathright; Goochland, Va. COLORADO of E. J. Donohue, resigned. Office became Presidential July 1, 1941. Freel A. Eickhoff, Elbert, Colo., in place of MASSACHUSETTS Henry C. Browning, Meadowview, V9.., in F. A. Eickhoff. Incumbent's commission ex­ Mary E. Joseph, Truro, Mass., in place of place of A. W. Aston, resigned. pired December 23, 1941. M. E. Joseph. Incumbent's commission ex­ WASHINGTON FLORIDA pired March 30, 1942. Hazel P. Chester, Richmond Highlands, .. Jefferson Gaines·, Bocagrande, Fla., in place MICHIGAN Wash., in place of W. H. Ross, removed. of Jefferson Gaines. Incumbent's commis­ Ervin C. Dunckley, Frederic, Mich. Office sion expired March 30, 1942. Ethel M. Eke, TUmwater, Wash. Office be­ became Presidential July 1, 1941. came Presidential July 1, 1941. Paul E. Mahan, Hobe Sound, Fla., in place John T. Burke, Ishpeming, Mich., in place of P. E. Mahan. Incumbent's commission of H . R. Sjolander, deceased. WEST VmGINIA expired July 30, 1941. Rolland P. Lee, Millington, Mich., in place John L. Cook, Lorado, W. Va., in place of GEORGIA of C. E. Bishop, remov~d . Roscoe Cook, removed. Ruth D. McClure, Acworth, Ga., in 'place of Alphonsus E. Murphy, Shepherd, Mich., in Warren W. Smith, Reedsville, w.' Va., tn R. D. McClure. Incumbent's commission ex­ place of E. L. Ashworth, retired. place of L. G. Emerson, transferred. pired March 30, 1942. MISSOURI WISCONSIN Dan L. Gibson, Albany, Ga., in place of D. L. Gibson. Incumbent's commission expired Fred King, Queen City, Mo., in place of Andrew Noble Lawton, Brodhead, Wis., in February 24, 1942. L. R. Saxbury, resigned. place of E. D. Bush, removed. Leighton W. McPherson, Columbus, Ga., in NEW JERSEY Gerald A. Peterson, Sharon, Wis., in- plac·~ of.C. J. Morris, transferred. place of L. W. McPher5on. Incumbent's com­ Marie H. Pill, Califon, N. J., in place of mission expired March 30, 1942. Boyd H. Gentz, Vetona, Wis., in place of F. F. Burd, deceased. S. S. Gordon, transferred. Troy Howard Vickers, Crawfordville, Ga., in Peter J. Egan, Montclair, N. J., in place of place ofT. H. Vickers. Incumbent's commis­ P. J. Egan. Incumbent's commission ex9ired sion expired August 19, 1941. January 14, 1942. Wylie West, Decatur, Ga., in place of Wylie CONFIRMATI<;>NS NEW MEXICO West. Incumbent's commission expired March Executive nominations confirmed by 30, 1942. John A. Werner, Albuquerque, N. Mex., in Lawrence J. McPhaul, Doerun, Ga., in place place of J. A. Werner. Incumbent's commis­ the Senate April 23 ration to the facts Mr. VOORHIS of California. Before UNITED STATES ATI'ORNEYS HANDLING CASE COULD which you have called to my attention in the gentleman proceeds I would like to NOT STOMACH SUCH SUPINE SURRENDER your letter It is the intention of Assistant get this clear: Does the gentleman state Attorney General Arnold to Rubmit -any plan that these suits were brought against Another striking feature of this matter which may be suggested for the settlement only 3 cumpanies but that a short is that the two attorneys of record in the of this litigation to the proper congressional tjme before the consent decree was en­ three test suits refused to sign the new committee for its consideration before the bill of complaint or the consent decree Department officially accepts the plan. tered into the other 18 major companies and that one of them immediately re­ Sincerely, which owned pipe lines were made parties signed from the Department of Justice. FRANCIS BIDDLE, to the suit, just before the decision? But the most strjking, and at the·same Attorney General. Was that done? time most significant, feature of the That is a novel arrangement whereby Mr. COFFEE of Washington. I am whole situation is the evident attempt the Department of Justice submits to a glad the gentleman asked that question. of the Department of Justice to "cover It will be interesting to the gentleman up." committee of Congress the merits of a from California to know that the very case pending in litigation in the·United This is revealed by the following ex­ States District Courts, and secures the day on which the consent decrees · were handed down a complaint against the 21 change of correspondence: consent of a Congressional committee WASHINGTON, D. C., December 26, 1941. before it enters into any proceedings. companies was filed; so that the whole amazing arrangement was entered into Han. THURMAN ARNOLD, That is what the Department of Justice Department of Justice, said it would do, and said it in writing within 24 hours without notice to any­ Washington, D. C. and repeatedly. body; and the consumers and the Gov­ DEAR MR. ARNOLD: Early this week the ernment and the people of the United Wasbington Times-Herald carried the story NO COMPROMISE PLEDGED ·states were deprived of their remedies that you had filed a bill of complaint charg­ and the collection of huge penalties. ing all the major oil companies witb violation It will be noted that both the Attorney of the Elkins Act but this good news was General and the Assistant Attorney Gen­ THREE BILLION DOLLARS INVOLVED dampened by a story in the Washington Star eral in these letters pledged that .no com­ ·The next arresting feature is the sum that a "final judgment" had been rendered promise of these Elkins Act cases would by which the pipe lines were limited to a be entered into by the Department of total of the fines and penalties which the 7-percent return on invested capital. Justice unless such compromise · were courts might have imposed had these Without intimate knowledge of the facts first submitted to and approved by a cases come to trial. The law provides a it appears to me that some final disposition "proper committee of Congress." penalty of three times the amount of the has been made of the case but I cannot be­ Mr. VOORffiS of California. Mr. rebates given or received during the 6 lieve this to be true in the light of your Speaker, will the gentleman yield at that years preceding the bringing of legal ·ac­ promise to me, under date of October 9 tion to enforce the law. Thus the pipe­ (copy enclosed) that no consent decree would point? · be considered without congressional ap­ Mr. COFFEE of Washington. I yield. line companies faced possible judgments of approximately one and one-half bil­ proval. Mr. VOORHIS of California. What If any conclusive action has been taken, • committee do they have reference to? lion dollars and their shipper owners an I would appreciate your fully advising me as Mr. COFFEE of Washipgton. Ap­ equal amount, or $3,000,000,000 in all. to the facts; agreemen.t to a consent decree parently they have.reference to the Sen­ The greatest amount of mone:y involved would imply that you felt some inherent ate Committee on Commerce of which in any litigation in American history was and fatal weakness in the Government's case Senator GILLETTE happened to be a mem­ involved, ·yet the Department entered and disclosure of this weakness might serve ber, or the Senate Committee on the into a consent decree within 24 hours to support new legislation by Congress. after suing. Who is running this Gov­ I cannot conceive it possible .that this liti­ Judiciary. gation would be compromised if the Govern­ Contrary to these promises, the Depart­ ernment--the oil monopoly or the Amer­ . ment stood even a fair chance of exacting ment of Justice, in what can only be ican people? Are we to have the oil the huge penalties provided for violation of considered a clandestine manner, com­ monopoly running the Government, . the Elkins Act. promised these Elkins Act cases by entry whether the Democratic Party and the I would appreciate it, if a consent decree of a final judgment, without warning, Republican Party is in power, or are the has been filed, should you inform me what, without advance public notice, and with­ people going to run the country? Patri­ if any, approval of such decree was received out consultation with any representative ots talk about looking for sources of from any member of the Senate Judiciary of the people in Congress, in the Federal money as a means whereby to help win Subcommittee to which you promised to sub­ this war. Why did the powers that be mit the matter. District Court fo1; the District of Colum­ Trusting that you appreciate my motives bia, on December 23, 1941, 2 months and exculpate the major oil companies, the in requesting full details of the matter and a day after the Attorney General, had richest combination of capital in the wishing you the compliments of the season, stated no such action would be taken history of the world, aggregating 14,000 lam without the approval of Congress. This millions of dollars, but they exempted Respectfully yours, unprecedented action has many unusual them in 24 hours and without notice to ----. features which deserve careful scrutiny the public or the court in advance? To this letter Assistant Attorney Gen­ and consideratjon. Mr. VOORffiS of California. I want eral Arnold replied as follows: to ask the gentleman one further ques­ The original bill of complaint in the DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, test cases was superseded by another­ tion, but I will wait if the gentleman Washington, D. C., January 1, 1942. remember only 3 were sued originally­ desires. DEAR MR.--: I have your letter of De­ and in this new bill of complaint all Mr. COFFEE of Washington. If you cember 26, 1941, with reference to the pipe­ 21 major oil companies, and their 59 will, please. line litigation. 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3679 . · On December 23, 1941, a complaint was filed paid into a fund which could be utilized by adjudicata against the Government and in the United States District Court for the the mvner-operators for such physical ex­ estops the Government hereafter from District of Columbia. The defendants filed pansion as they saw fit to engage in or to answers denying the substantive allegations expend money for; but there were waived on attempting to collect a sum variously of the complaint. A final judgment was en­ the part .of the Government the penalties of estimated at from one and one-half to tered on the same date. A press release sum­ one and ·one.;.half billion dollars, 'for which we three billion dollars. Here we are look­ marizing the contents of the complaint and · had a dead open-and-shut case. This was ing for sources out of which we can get · the judgment was issued simultaneously, and done at a time when we are trying to collect sufficient money to help defray the cost a copy of the same is enclosed. money for the national-defense effort. It of the war to the plain taxpayer, and The provisions of the judgment were dis­ costs $21 a month to pay a private in the relieve him in part from the enormous cussed with Senator GILLETTE, and the judg­ Army, $252 a year. An army of 6,000,000 men burden of the war. Here was a source of ment was entered with the written consent of could be paid for a year with the amount the the Attorney General. Government threw away. revenue, well nigh fabulously limitless, Very truly yours, That is all I desire to say at this time, Mr. which the Government voluntarily THURMAN ARNOLD, President; but I wish to have attention waived by entering into a consent decree. Assistant Attorney General. · called to what is being done by some of those Mr. VOORHIS of California. Will the in the Government service who have official gentleman yield? From this latter letter the impression gun-barrel vision. Mr. COFFEE of Washington. I yield is readily gained that Senator GILLETTE, Senator GILLETTE's excoriation is no to the gentleman from California. and presumably Senator GILLETTE's com­ Mr. VOORHIS of California. First of mittee, had considered and approved the less than the facts in the situation fully warrant. all, I want to say that I appreciate the terms of the consent decree. gentleman's courage in presenting these SENATOR GUY GILLETTE FULMINATES AT DEPART­ CONSENT DECREE GAINED NO ADVANTAGE FOR UNITED STATES facts to the House. May I ask him what MENT OF JUSTICE FOR ITS ACTION possible reason he believes could be as­ That any such impression is manifestly But worst of ~11 is the fact that the signed for the action that was taken? In not in accord with the facts is readily consent decree abolishes no single part other words, what I am trying to get at shown by the statement on· the floor of of the complained-of violations by these is this: Was it because otherwise there the Senate on January 6, 1942, by· Senator oil companies of the laws of our land. would be some interference witJ:i produc­ GILLETTE, and printed in the CONGRES­ By the terms of the consent decree the tion or just what was the reason? SIONAL RECORD on page 19, issue of that complained-of violations are permitted Mr. COFFEE of Washington. I will be date, reading as follows: to be continued, but under a slightly dif­ glad to answer the gentleman's question. · ferent guise; instead of paying all their ANTITRUST SUITS AGAfNST PETROLEUM COMPANIES The gentleman will recall that years ' net profits to their major oil company ago there was a rumor about the Con­ Mr. GILLETTE 1\fr President, in the 2 or 3 shipper-owners, under the terms of the minutes which are to elapse before the Sen­ gress that these suits would either not ate is to proceed to the Hall of the House of consent decree the common carrier pipe be instituted or if instituted would be Representatives or. the request of the ma­ lines are now permitted to pay, as divi­ perhaps dropped. jority leader, I desire to refer to one matter. dends, rebates in reality, only 7 percent [Here the gavel fell.] Mr. President, there is a disease which some on invested capital-but the rest of their Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. unfortunate persons in this country have fabulous earnings can lie devoted to any Speaker, I ask unanimous c·onsent that which the ocu ~ ists term "gun-barrel vision." legitimate corporate purpose-verily a the gentleman may. have 5 additional As the disease progresses, the field of vision distinction without a difference. of the victim becomes more and more re­ minutes. strtcted, and it 1s as if he were looking down This consent decree is tantamount to The SPEAKER pro tempore. There a gun barrel and seeing nothing but that tiny nullification of the supreme law of the are other special orders. field . . The longer I live in Washington, the land; it violates the integrity of the Mr. COFFEE of washington. Mr. more I am convinced that we have in our administrative branch of our Govern­ Speaker, I am sure that the gentleman bureaus here persons who are afllicted with ment and deserves thorough investiga­ who is next will consent to this, if it is official gun-barrel v-ision, and who are able to tion by Congress. ' see nothing but the little problem at the end agreeable to the House, because I have Mr. Speaker, I may say that I had a talked to him. of t,he bore rloNn which they are looking. talk witb Thurmar. Arnold personally on From time to time there has been pre­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. The sented, and is now pending in the Senate, several occasions, and I called his atten­ Chair may say that there are four or proposed legislation dealing with the whole tion to the fact that the sycophants of the five other special orders. field of the petroleum industry, initiated by oil monopoly in the United States were the late lamented Senator from Idaho, Mr. repeatedly boasting of the fact that the Mr. FADDIS. If the gentleman will Borah. For 2 years the Department of Justice Department of Justice in due course yield, may I say that I am one who has has been assembling e~ 7 idence for the purpose would enter into a consent decree and a special order, and I have no objection. of instttuting suits 1> gainst the major oil com­ that they would, as usual, win out. Mr. ENGEL. So far as I am concerned, panies for reco,,ery fo:- violation of the Elkins I am willing to have the gentleman take Act. From time to time on the floor of ·the Mr. O'CONNOR. Will the gentleman yield? more time, if it will not come out of my Senate I have referred to the attempts being time. made to dovetail this necessary. action by the Mr. COFFEE of Washington. I yield Department of Justice and the legislative to the gentleman from Montana. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without action with the needs for national defense in Mr. O'CONNOR. Is it the gentleman's objection, the gentleman will be recog­ the field of motor fuel. opinion that the consent decree that nized for 5 additional minutes. Last summer there were instituted by the was entered into would be res adjudicata, There was no objection. Department of Justice some test suits against Mr. COFFEE of Washington. I am the major oil companies for r~covery of the that is, in favor of these companies here­ triple penalty for violation of the Elkins Act. tofore violating the Elkins law which very happy that the gentleman from Those suits were held in abeyance until the were not included in the issues that fur­ California propounded that question, be­ 23d of December, when there were filed in the nished the foundation for the consent cause the gentleman will recall that 2 courts here in thF District of Columbia suits decree? In other words, would it fore­ years ago he and I were interested in the against the major oil companies for the re­ close in the future ah~ further prosecu­ possibility of these suits being dropped. covery of substantially one and one-half tions against these oil companies for the At that time we dropped resolutions into billion dollars as the triple penalty for vio­ the hopper of the House in which we took lation of tht? ElkinJ Act; and the Department violation on their part of any of the pro­ of Justice attorneys who had been preparing visions of the Elkins law not included in a stand to the effect that it was our opin­ . the cases had reached the conclusion that the issues furnishing the foundation for ion that the suits should not be dropped. they had a dead open-and-shut case. the consent decree? It may be coincidental, but the facts are On the 23d of December these cases were Mr. COFFEE of Washington. I am that, though the then Defense Commis­ filed, but at the same time there was filed a happy that the gentleman brings up that sion had urged the cases be nolle prossed, consent decree which limited the amount of question because I am convinced that the the Department proceeded to build up recovery after the 1st of January for viola­ execution of the consent decrees by ar­ the law and the evidence. Perhaps as tion of the Elkins Act. U:> 7 percent on the invested capital, as determined by the filings rangement with counsel of the major oil authors of the resolutions we can hug to with the Interstate Commerce Commission. companie-s of the United States with re­ ourselves the comforting belief that we It was provided, however, that in addition to spect to securing payment of fines and played a part in stiffening the spine of the 7 percent, any additional profits would be penalties for unlawful rebates is res the Department, on the basis of the legal 3680 CONGRES.SIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 23 . maxim: Post hoc ergo propter hoc. situation and ascertain what infiu­ taken, grasped the import of the docu­ However, afte:· Pearl Harbor the oil com­ ences were brought to bear and what it ments he was heard to remark "Ah! the panies brought sufficjent pressure upon was that brought about the ending of this Christmas spirit I perceive!" the powers that be to persuade them, ap­ suit. I have introduced a resolution to What a Christmas spirit! to remit to parently, that the continuation of these that effect today. I l;>elieve a special the greatest law violators of all time suits against them woulC:. impede the war committee should investigate this situa­ fines aggregating a very sizable part of effort and that they, patriotic as they tion and subpena the Deputies Attorney our national debt and executing a license putatively were, would feel very hurt if General of the Department of Justice to continue their· criminal pursuits, safe the Government proceeded with antitrust and question these men under oath, and from any future prosecution! prosecutions against them and sought to ask tt~em whether or not they consented The Department of .Justice calmly and collect penalties. to the entering of the consent decree and definitely throws down the sewer an op­ Mr. VOORHIS of California. Does the to supply all pertinent factual data, ad­ portunity to put in the Public Treasury gentleman believe there is any logical vices, and so forth. I predict here and at the very least $1,500,000,000 while at reason why the production of petroleum now that every one of them will tell the the same time nullifying the laws of the and oil and all the other byproducts congressional committee categorically, if land and failing to protect the rights of could not go forward quite as well if the they are subpenaed, that it was over their the little man in the oil business who pipe lines of the Nation were in reality violent protest that this surrender was has practically been exterminated be­ common carriers divorced from owner­ made on the greatest suit and the great­ cause of the fact that the Elkins Act has ship by the producing companies, as it est opportunity this Government has ever not been enforced-such lack of enforce­ could under any other circumstances? had to break up a major monopoly, and ment, now perpetuated by this consent Can the gentleman see any possible ob­ the greatest opportunity this Govern­ decree, permitting the oil monopoly to stacle that that situation would present? ment has· ever had to collect a tremen­ obtain transportation at cost while the Mr. COFFEE of Washington. I have dous sum in penalties. little oil man is compelled to pay a trans­ always favored the Gillette-Borah bill, I have nothing against Mr. ThUrman portation profit. which provided for the divorcement of Arnold. He is a good friend of mine. I Our leaders, from our great President the major oil companies from ownership do not say that he is responsible for this down to our country editors, daily coun­ ~ and operatioL of pipe lines. The pipe act. Something tells me he is not re­ sel against words and acts which may in lines are the juic.iest form of profit into sponsible. Something tells me that per­ the slightest degree impair the morale of which the .major oil companies drain haps. Mr. Biddle is not responsible. Nev­ this country; the last thing we want, or their gross receipts. When they are able ertheless, of course, they consented to it, should have, is the slightest loss of faith to tell the S. E. C. and other agencies though mayhap· with reluctance. Their in the democratic institutions of America~ that they make a very low return upon reasons for so acting officially should be But here we have a situation which their invested principal, of course, they officially ascertained. not only impairs our belief but, what is drain all of their gross receipts into the~e Personally, had I been there I would of far greater moment, actually points pipe-line companies. It is a device by have resigned before I would have be­ to what are in effect subversive actiVities which they can avoid the payment of fair come a party to this action. I believe it on. a vast scale--the sabotaging of our corporate income taxes. is the absolute duty of the Department laws, the granting of immunity from Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, will the of Justice to proceed to trial of this kind prosecution for violations of the law on a gentleman yield? of an action and permit the people of scale heretofore undreamed of. Mr. COFFEE of Washington. I yield America to find out what is going on in It should not be necessary for this to the gentleman from Montana. these United States, whether the major Congress to waste the taxpayers' money Mr. O'CONNOR. There is no doubt oil companies of the Nation have this in conducting a public investigation of that the gentleman is giVing us some country by the throat or whether we, the this break-down of our laws; instead, the very valuable iiiformation. From the Congress of the United States, control the Department of Justice, not only to estab­ gentleman's statement 1 gather that the operation of such corporate giants as this lish its own clean hands in the matter only beneficiaries under the suit in which oil octopus. but to reestablish public confidence, a consent decree was entered were the Oil is going to play a very prominent should come forward with a frank .and oil companies. part in this war. Anyone who has ever complete statement of every and any fact Mr. COFFEE of Washington. That is read the Life of Sir Henry Deterding, having a bearing on the ~ituation. correct. As usual, the Government was who was the originator, dictator, and The greatest undermining of public outmaneuvered by the- major oil com­ controller of the Shell oil empire knows confidence to which we are subjected is panies of the Nation. that oil and its manipulation of govern­ the charge, repeated over and over again, Mr. O'CONNOR. Of course, we would ments played a very disturbing but tre­ that big business is running this war; on not want to imply in any way that there mendous role in the history of the world that subject I have nothing to say at this was any sort of collusion in the institu­ for the past 75 years. moment, but this I do say, with all the tion of these suits, or that there was in The advocates of this far-reaching earnestness at my command: mind the idea of relieVing the oil com­ consent decree probably wili offer t)le The Department of Justic-, in agree­ panies from charges of violating the defense that this unheard of action was ing to this monstrous thing, has con­ provisions of the Elkins Act in the past. taken because we have at last come to firmed in the public mind the old saying, Mr. COFFEE of Washington. The ef­ grips with a foreign enemy; should this "You cannot convict a million dollars." fect of it is to give a judicial determina­ excuse-for it cannot be a reason-be If that is true, let us abandon this war, tion to an acceptance of something offered, it is heaping insult on injury, for make peace with the Axis Powers, draw which is palpably ·a violation of the law. can any sane-minded person doubt that up a new Constitution, appointing an Mr. O'CONNOR. And the oil com­ a break-down of our internal laws is any American Hitler, Mussolini, or Stalin, panies are the beneficiaries of it? less dangerous than a break-down of preferably a Standard Oil man, and Mr. COFFEE of Washington. The oil international law? abandon all pretense of democracy. companies are the beneficiaries of it. In Are we on the one hand to enforce, If it is not true let us find it out before effect, thay are told to "Go thou and con­ with all the power at our command, our it is too late and our people turn on us tinue to do likewise," but to call it by laws against alien enemies and on the for Violating our oath of office. · another name; that a rose by any other other hand fail to prosecute our own citi­ name would smell as sweet, or a skunk zens who willfully and consistently, over EXTENSIO~ OF REMAR~ cabbage by any other name would be many years, :flout our Federal statutes? Mr. COFFEE of Washington. Mr. equally odoriferous. "So go right ahead Are we to throw a ''Hei1 Hitler" pervert Speaker, I ask unanimous consent tore­ and use this new little financial device, into a concentration camp and give big vise and extend my remarks and include and you can avoid prosecution." businessmen who conspire against our therein certain quoted letters and news­ A SPECIAL HOUSE COMMITI'EE SHOULD SMOKE law with such deadly effect a "God bless paper· articles. · ' OUT THE FACTS you; go and sin some more!"? The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there In conclusion, it seems to me that the When Judge Pine, the Federal district objection to the request of the gentleman House of Representatives should ap­ judge before whom the new bill of com­ from Washington? point a committee to investigate this plaint and- this consent decree were There was no objection. 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3681 Mr. TREADWAY. Mr. Speaker, I ask drunk professional fighters are giving the background nor the knowledge to unanimous consent to extend my own re­ their all on the field Qf combat in some qualify them as physical education ex­ marks in the RECORD and include therein training-station competition. perts. P~ nian· may be the world's best two letters. Our fighting men do not need their ball player, or the world's best fighter, The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there morale raised, nor will it be raised by and I know that Commander Tunney will objection to the request of the gentleman professional athletes who enter the serv­ not deny this, and still know nothing from Massachusetts? ice without any training whatsoever and about physical education. Yet many of There was no objection. immediately take commissions or ra~;ings these unilateral athletes are being classed Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, I over nien who have given as much as as physical educators. ask unanimous consent to extend my own 10, 15, and 20 years to the service and who Let them take their skills and fine remarks in the RECORD and include cannot advance because there are only bodies and let them mix with the men therein a letter I wrote to the Commis­ a certain number of ratings and commi~­ in the combat forces. Their proficiency sioner of the Wol'k Projects Administra­ sions in each service, and these are now as fighters, as ball players, and as other tion and the reply thereto. beiug given to the heroic defenders of experts will give impetus to the company, The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there home plate and the pitcher's box. regimental, and ship athletic squads that objection to the request of the gentleman I am not criticizing the effo'rts of Com­ will generate an enthusiasm among the from New York? mander Tunney, of the Navy, for I know combat forc.es far more valuable than There was no objection. his own record as a fighting man in the that engendered in a training base. SPECIAL ORDER last war was unsurpassed, and I further There is a very small permanent garrison know that his patriotism at the present at any training base. Men are constant­ The SPEAKER pro tempore factory owner himself may could possibly be made by taking away to the manufacture of war tools. A large have in the factory in which that worker the ·property right the employee has in number of plants converted only after is employed. The principle is the same his contract to sell his labor to his Pearl Harbor. And when we embarked whether it involves one dollar or a mil­ employer. upon our armament program, neither in­ lion dollars. If the Government can The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under dustry nor Government had any way of take without comper:sation the property previous order- of the House, the gentle­ knowing what the eventual manufactur­ right the employee has in a contract to man from Wisconsin [Mr. WASIELEWSKI] ing costs for planes, tanks, ships, guns, sell his labor to his employer, then the is recognized for 12 minutes. · and other machines of war would be. 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3685 Many of these items have never been rially to our war effort, be curtailed or ing about effective price and profits con­ manufactured before-at least not in the suspended for the duration. The Nation trol. We must act quickly-act now. large· quantities we require. The job, looks to us for leadership in that direc­ Imr:".ediate action will create greater however, needed to be launched at once. tion; let the Government set a good ex­ unity, better cooperation, and hasten So much to do; so little time to do it. ample by leading in the elimination· of victory. True, some corporations did quibble business as usual for the duration. At present the excess-profits tax ranges unnecessarily over their contracts with ·This is a total war against war. We from 35 tc 60 percent. If we are to hold the Government agencies. Some of the are all in alike-to win all or lose all; t • a policy that no one should profit from Government departments became en­ to share equally its cost and burden. the war, then there is no reason why this tangled in their own red tape. But that We must expect and be prepared to give tax should not be stepped up to 95 or even is water over the dam. up certain social gains for the duration, 99 percent. However, profits cannot be The hearings before the several con­ which means of necessity accepting a controlled by means of taxation alone. gressional committees are now bringing lower standard of living until victory is An effective system of profit control and forth the cost of production of arma­ won. These sacrifices must be borne limitation is necessary. ments. With our American efficiency be­ equally by employer and employee, in­ Steps need likewise to be taken to pre­ ginning to function, we find that it is us­ dustry and labor, rich and poor, men, vent corporations from spreading their ually lower than had been anticipated. women, and children. It is a small price profits among their executives and em- · Several large companies· have returned to pay whe.n one considers what we are ployees ir.. the form of unwarranted wage the surpluses rather than accept them as fighting for and what we stand to lose increases and bonuses in order to bring profits; others have ag! eed to a reduc­ if we do not win. the corporate net income out of the high tion in their contract prices. No one person: or group of persons tax brackets. Such payments should be This voluntary demonstration of good should be permitted to profit because of recaptured and properly dealt with. faith is applauded by all. However, the the war, and no private industry or man­ In this connection it might be men­ people are duly incensed when they hear agement in industry should be allowed to tioned that patents and cartels with for­ of a private secretary in a war produc­ make extra salaries, bonuses, and profits. eign monopolies have presented not only tion plant who had earned up to $4,000 Neither should labor get unusually h~gh a bottleneck in ·our war effort but have per year over a period of 22 years and wages or profit excessively from work teen a means of exhorting huge uncon­ who received $39,000 the following year. made necessary by the terrific demands scionable profits in the form of royalties. The people are righteously indignant for war production. Though it is generally believed that, under when they learn that executives of some We fully sympathize with labor's . the war power, the President has the companies with large war · contracts are strong fear that many employers, under right to use, without license, any and all so valuable to their fellow men that their the heat of the war effort, would like patents on file in the Patent Office, never­ compensation, wages, and bonuses in­ to make labor the goat by lengthening theless, in order to further our war effort, crease as much as 1,300 percent. They hours and drastically reducing overtime one of the several pending bills that are justly outraged when informed that costs so that they might enjoy m0re covers the subject :rlllitter should be a magnesium manufacturing P.lant in profits. Labor must be assured that not adopted. The :royalties on such patents Nevada stands to make a profit of $2,000,- one cent of the saving made at its ex­ should be held at a minimum, and there 000 in 1 year on an admitted investment pense in this crisis goes tQ increase the should be no unconscionable ·profits for of only $50,000. profits of industry or into handsome the patent holders or their assigns. I was happy to note that recently, salary increases or bonuses of the man­ It is important for all of us to remem­ Thomas J. Watson, the president of the agement. These savings should revert to ber that we· must win this war or become International Business Machines Cor­ the Federal Treasury; they will reduce the slaves of the Axis. We shall win only poration, has voluntarily requested that the war costs and future taxes. When if we work and pull together. The his bonus be reduced from 5 to 2% per­ labor is satisfied that neither industry worker in the plant should know that, cent and totally waivEd all profit from the nor management is going to or can re­ like his fellow citizen in arms, he is not manufacture of munitions. His new alize excessive profits from the war effort, working for his employer alone, but for contract, according to his request, will be and that the cost of living is reasonably himself, his family, and his country, indi­ retroactive, to cover 1941. It is no paltry stabilized, then it will more lil~ely be vidually and collectively. The same ap­ sum that Mr. Watson voluntarily waives, willing to forego high overtime wages plies to individuals making up industry, for his bonus amounts to between three for producing the instruments of war agriculture, and every other walk of life. or four times h:i.;; $100,000 per year sal­ that will bring victory. Wars are won by men trained and prop­ ary. My hat goes off to Mr. Watson. Let Several months ago Congress made into erly equipped. Valiant men without us hope that the heads of other concerns law a measure that bore the phony label armaments or modern armaments with· holding war contracts will follow his good price control. · Leon Henderson said out men cannot win. Both of these fac­ example. There can be· no excuse for even then that it would not prevent infla­ tors in full coordination are needed to executives insisting on bonuses on con­ tion. I am very happy to learn that now win· the war. Let us have confidence in tracts for war goods. The savings real­ steps are being taken to correct its defi­ God, in ourselves, in our leaders, in our ized through the ·repayment into the ciencies. Let us stabilize wages and country, and the life and liberty it repre­ Treasury of the surpluses thus accumu­ sdaries-raise those that are out of line sents. Let us all work toward one goal­ lated will reduce greatly the ultimate and bring dcv'n those that have gone sky the defeat of Hitler and the Axis-and cost of the war and likewise, the size of high. Let us control the prices of com­ victory will be ours. our national debt. modities through each step to the finished The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under We shall do exceedingly well if the product that will finally be sold to the previous order of the House, the gentle­ taxes collected in this fiscal year will be consumer, thus removing all undue in­ man from Montana [Mr. O'CoNNOR] is sufficient to cover one-third of the total equities and hardships. We cannot con­ recognized for 10 minutes. we have spent. We must appreciate that trol prices unless we control all prices. Mr. WOODRUFF of Michigan. Mr. our spending is being accelerated daily. Higher wages are not worth anything if Speaker, will the gentleman yield? This war is being carried on with bor­ they buy less. Higher farm prices are Mr. O'CONNOR. I yield to the gen­ rowed money for the most part. The not worth anything if the cost of farm­ tleman. more we spend on nonessentials and ing goes up at the same time. It is not EXTENSION OF REMARKS activities in no way contributing to vic­ sufficient merely to freeze prices as of a tory, the more we shall be obliged to bor­ certain level or certain date. There Mr. WOODRUFF of Michigan. Mr. row for war purposes. The people back should be an adjustment of prices on all Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to home understand these facts. They commodities to their real values. Many extend my remarks by printing in the want us to do first things first-and the have skyrocketed out of all proportions, RECORD an editorial from the Milwaukee first job before us is to win this war and and others have failed to keep up. In Sentinel. win it as quickly as possible. This means the stabilization of prices let us not be The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there that many Government activities which unmindful of the fact that an effective objection to the request of the gentleman might be very desirable in peacetime control of profits is likewise essential. from Michigan? should, if they do not contribute mate- We have waited much too long in bring- There was no objection. 3686 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 23 FORTIFICATION OF GUAM and those in charge of naval operations have voted "for" fortification of Guam do not Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, there also stated there is no intention of fortifying know what they are talking about. is still considerable misinformation being this island. Plainly speaking, they are talking loosely flung about rather promiscuously On February 21, 1939, Representative ·through their hats. regarding the fortification of Guam. VINSON, of Georgia, chairman of the I wish every Member of this House First, let me state that the fortification House Naval Affairs Committee, and in would read a resume of this Guam situa­ of Guam was never before Congress to be charge of the bill, said during the debate tion which was inserted in the CoNGRES­ voted upon. on this Navy bill, and I quote: SIONAL RECORD by the gentleman from An item of $5,00!),000 for dredging the Opposition to this item has been based on South Carolina [Mr. RICHARDS]. This harbor and aviation facilities at that iso­ the assumption that Guam is to be fortified appears on pages A1517, A1518, and A1519 lated outpost, 5,500 miles from San Fran­ and made into a strongly defended naval baEe Of the RECORD of April 14, 1942, and cisco, the closest point on the American for airplanes and submarines. In view of covers the entire situation thoroughly. Continent, was eliminated in the House this opposition the committee has gone into There was an item of three million laid on February 23, 1939, by a heavy vote of this matter at great length and I can assure you that there is no intention on the part of before the House for the improvement of 205 to 168. I was one of the 205. This the Navy Department to fortify Guam or to Guam in a later bill, for which I think item was included in the annual Navy do anything further than what is included in everyone voted. I know I voted for it authorization bill calling for an expendi­ this bill. myself, and I think everybody else did; ture of $52,000,000 for our Navy. I voted but my point is that the question of for the passage of this bill as amended; as Later he said, and I quote: fortifying Guam, putting guns there and I have voted for every other bill which I repeat again, nothing in this bill au­ all that sort of thing, was never before provided for the defense and protection thorizes fortifications at Guam. We hope the House. of our country. the necessity will never arise. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time The record of the debate on the Guam On February 3, 1942, Senator WALSH, of the gentleman from Montana has ex­ item shows that this $5,000,000 amount chairman of the Senate Naval Affairs pired. was eliminated for three reasons: Committee was quoted in the CONGRES­ Under previous order of the House, the First, it seemed like a ·useless expendi­ SIONAL RECORD as saying, and I quote: Chair recognizes the gentleman from ture of money to waste $5,000,000 on har­ A proposal to improve the harbor at Guam, Pennsylvania [Mr. FADDIS] for 15 minutes. bor and other facilities that might even­ not to fortify it, was defeated in the House; INDUSTRY IN CONNECTION WITH THE tually fall into the hands of an enemy and I think the RECORD should show that the and be used against us, unless the island Navy Department never really asked for the WAR was to be fortified; secondly, it was fortification of Guam. Mr. FADDIS. Mr. Speaker, the recent feared that such a move might be misin­ Later he said, in part, and I quote: remarks of Donald Nelson, Chairman of terpreted and offend Japan; and, third, No direct request for an authorization for the War Production Board, regarding the the fortification of Guam was not the fortification of Guam was ever put be­ difficulty of securing able men in the ca­ intended. fore the committees of the Senate or House. pacity of executives because of the con­ The fortification of Guam would have stant ct:iticism regarding the character of cost from one hundred and forty million So you can readily see that the fortifi­ · their services are all too true. When Mr. to one hundred and fifty million dollars cation of Guam was never a question. Nelson blames the Congress for this criti­ and a long time to complete. The Brit­ The President, Commander in Chief of cism he is only partly right. Far too ish spent $400,000,000 and years fortify­ our Army and Navy, did not ask for it; much of it does come from a certain ele­ ing Singapore which fell to the Japs and the Navy Department did not ask for it; ment within Congress, but much, and, fell fast. the Budget Bureau did not ask for it; indeed, the most dangerous part of it, Here is a break-down of how the $5,- the chairman. of the House Naval Affairs comes from members of executive depart­ 000,000 expenditure eliminated bY. the Committee did not ask for it. In fact, ments. A persistent campaign designed House in 1939 would have been spent. It not a dime was requested of Congress for to smear industry and its representatives, was inserted in the CONGRESSIONAL REC­ this purpose. both within and without the Government, ORD of February 21, 1939, by Representa­ President Roosevelt, in a radio broad­ is being waged . . tive PATRICK HENRY DREWRY, of Virginia, · cast February 22, 1942, said, and I quote: In connection with that, the gentle­ for many years a Member of the House Those · islands, hundreds of them, appear man from Arkansas [Mr. ELLIS] recently Naval Affairs Committee: only as small dots on most maps. But they made some remarks in which he referred cover a large strategic area. Guam lies in Breakwater______$2,200,000 the middle of them-a lone outpost which to a certain Lt. Col. John C. Damon, in connection with the recent Arkansas Dredgingarea ______outer harbor mooring _ we never fortified. 800,000 Under the Washington Treaty of 1921, we power controversy. I shall have more to Dredging inner lagoon and con- had solemnly agreed not to add to the forti­ say soon regarding this Arkansas power necting channeL ______1,070,000 . fication of the Philippine Islands. We had controversy. In those remarks he made Dike------120,000 no safe naval base there, so we could not use the statement, and 1 quote him: Pier_------__ _ 120,000 the islands for extensive naval operations. Grading filled area______70,000 Immediately after this war started the Jap­ I can tell you today. on absolute authority Seaplane ramps ______120,000 anese forces moved down on either side of ·that Lt. Col. John C. Damon, the star witness Seaplane parking area______120, 000 the Philippines to numerous points south for the Power Trust before the Faddis Rural Seawall ______90,000 of them-thereby completely encircling the Electrificatign Administration investigation. Gasoline storage ______160,000 islands to the north, south, east, and west. is a substantial holder of 6-percent pre­ Power service ______30,000 ferred stock in the Utah Power & Light Co. So you can see the President referred VVater supplY------50,000 Mr. Speaker, I went to the trouble to Roads and walks ______20,000 to Guam's remote situation when he Small boat pier and boathouse __ _ 15,000 stated, and I quote: look up the extent of Lieutenant Colonel Equipment and storage ______15,000 Damon's holdings in the Utah Power & Guam lies in the middle of them-a lone Light Co. and I found that in May 1917 outpost. Total------5,000,000 he purchased $600 worth of 7-percent Some of these hundred·s of islands, cumulative preferred stock in the com­ At the time Mr. DREWRY inserted this which came into the possession of Japan pany, for which he was at that time chart, he also said, in part, and I quote: after the first World War, had been working. In September of that year he I confess, Mr. Chairman, that I cannot get· heavily fortified by the Japanese. It was severed his connection with the Utah very much excited about this bill. It has argued that, encircled by a vast chain of Power & Light Co., to serve in the Army been repeatedly stated that there is no in­ Jap forts, it would have been impossible of the United States. He has held the tention at the present time of fortifying this to defend Guam even if heavily fortified, stock since. The par value of the out­ island. There is hothing in the bill itself & to show any intention of fortification. The and it would have been a death trap for standing stock.of the Utah Power Lig};lt President of the United States has been put any garrison stationed there. Co. is $25,000,000, of which Lieutenant on record as having stated the.re was no in­ So you can see that those who say that Colonel Damon holds only $600 worth. tention in his mind to ask for the fortifica­ this Congressman voted "against" forti­ Mr. Speaker, I submit that the gentle­ tion of it. The leading experts of the Navy fication of Guam or that Congressman man from Arkansas is a mighty poor 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3687 judge of proportions, when he calls $600 department, since he had nothing to do consideration. Unless they are, our .·a substantial proportion of $25,000,000. with cattle. · entire social order may be dictated to us Social reformers, who have been en­ Third. The labor leader who has by a power whose ideas of social reform tirely too powerful in Washington for strong-armed and muscled himself into is to liquidate all social reformers, blind­ the past decade, are responsible for the the picture. - He is not at all representa­ folded, 1:1ands tied, and backs to the wall. feeling that anyone who has e ;er beeri a tive of the leader of labor who works in Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the success in a business way should be re­ the interest of honest labor, but is one gentleman yieldZ garded as an absolute menace to the mainly concerned in ·creating for ·hims'elf Mr. FADDIS Yes. public welfare. These socialites, as well a place in the sun. He goes about with a Mr. HOFFMAN The gentleman is a ·as ·many Members of Congress, do not chip on his shoulder criticizing, .hamper­ distinguished member of the Democratic seem to be aware of the fact that it is ing, and throwing a monkey wrench now Party· from the State of Pennsylvania, possible for a man to earn an honest and then. and of the Committee on Military Affairs living or indeed any kind of a living, un­ Fourth. The former member of the ex­ of the House, acted as chairman·of a sub­ less he is on the public pay roll. They, ecutive force of some industrial concern, committ.ee of that committee, has ren­ as well as many Members of Congress, .who hgs been severed from the. pay roll dered valuable service in that capacity. do not seem to know that there are men, of hls former employers and placed on He also served in World War No. 1 and who because of their ability to success­ the public pay roll. He has been accus­ is now a colonel in the Infantry Reserve. fully manage industry not subsidized tomed to earning his money and most He knows what he is talking about. I · from the pockets of the taxpayers, and likely knew considerable about his take it this criticism of his is offered· as make this industry return dividend~ to branch of a particular industry. There, being something of an aid to the· admin­ stockholders, who because of their in­ however, he had had a free rein and was istration in solving the problems now vestments are entitled to dividends, are unhampered by the impractical ideas· of confronting us. in :.positions where they earn their sal­ such a large percentage of his associates. Mr. FADDIS. I am offering it as my aries. Fu-rthermore, in the world which he idea in the possibility that someone will These feather-brained, neophytic Uto­ .knew, ability begot confidence, not sus­ at least investigate enough to find out if pians believe the proper way to run a picion. there is any tr11th in the statements I government is with men who are long Fifth. There is the dollar-a-year man have madE.. on theory and short on brains, and de­ .who has been loaned to the Government The SPEAKER pro tempore. The void of experience. This aggregation of ·by industry, which is interested in win­ time of the gentleman from Pennsyl­ impractical visionaries with empty heads, ning this war. They may, and often are, vania has expired . .ne'er-do-wells with empty pockets, col­ called in for a short time for a particular RECOGNITION OF FREE FRENCH GOVERN­ lege professors with. sophomoric ideas, job. They do not vish to sever their MENT and prodigal sons with an aversion to connections with industry for various work are fighting to establish a system reasons. li'requently they are making a Mr. STEARNS of New Hampshire. Mr. wherein sloth and inefficiency is re­ distinct sacrifice by their service. That, Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to warded with promotion and men of little .of course, is something those who have address the House for 2 minutes. · ability and irresponsible tendencies ·are never had to meet a pay roll ca:imot un­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there installed in strategic positions. In .order derstand. There has been a flood of gen­ objection? -to do so they must create a condition eral criticism about these men, mostly by There was no objection. wherein experience is scoffed at, ability is those who have never had anY connec­ Mr. STEARNS of New Hampshire. Mr. rejected, and anyone who has achieved a tion with any organization more indus­ Speaker, on November 21 last I intro­ worth-while position in industry is re­ trial than giving away taxpayers' money duced a concurrent resolution which was garded as a dangerous enemy to hu­ to the "gimme gang." Fo"r all the gen­ referred to the Committee on Foreign manity. To them their objective of eral charges that they are here for the Affairs. This resolution was as follows: eliminating all taxpayers by eliminating purpose of getting all they can for their Resolved by the House of Representatives industry is an objective more vital than particular organization, no specific (the Senate concurring), That the President the elimination of the dictators, which charges and no pr.oof has ever been pro- is respectfully requested, if not inconsistent ·threaten our· very lives. Therefore, they -duced. It is reasonable to suppose that with the policies of the United States in relation to foreign affairs and if otherwise lose no opportunity to strike at anyone. they are at least as patriotic and as pub­ appropriate, to accord to the National French not in their social order, regardless of his lic:-spirited as their parasitic accusers Committee, known as the Free French Gov­ value in the battle of production. · and are certainly a great ~eal more expe­ ernment, the recognition of the Government Donald Nelson has my sympathy. He -rienced and able. of the United States. is honestly trying to produce the ma­ Now, just how Mr. Nelson or anyone else This resolution by its wdrding recog­ teriel necessary to the success of our can get results from such a heterogeneous nizes the constitutional authority of the · .war effort with the most bizarre organi­ . aggregation is more than I can see. If Executive in such matters, which I have zation imaginable. I have had con­ the few experienced and able men are no desire to infringe. That authority, siderable experience with the War Pro- driven out, I am sure he cannot. however, in no way prevents the Con­ . duction Board which leads me to the fol­ We have a war on our hands and we gress from giving such expression of its . lowing classification of its personnel, hope to win it. As I view the matter, which I divide into five groups. . production is a vital factor in that war. views as is contained in this resolution. First. The career government em­ Industry is just as much interested in It was first introduced at the time ployee, who believes that the coming of winning this war as is anyone else. They when General Weygand's removal from the other four groups have prevented want to help. Certainly their assistance the command in North Africa had indi­ him from reaching his rightful 'place in is worth something. If they are to be cated only too clearly the course which the sun. He believes they have pre­ events might be expected to follow. To­ cracked on the head every time they open day the government of unoccupied vented him from being promoted from · their mouths, by the hammer of some France is in the control of a man who an $1,800 or $2,400 job to one paying crackpot socialite, parasite, or termite can clasp the hand that is imbued 'with $7,500 or $9,000. Consequently, he is out more interested in sabotaging our social the blood of his fellow citizens, slaugh­ to knife everyone within reach. ·order than in winning the war, they can­ tered without trial. Second. The impractical, theoretical not operate efficiently. If our industries I believe that this Congress would be college professp-r, whose in~xperience cannot operate, we shall lose the war. false to all the traditions of its ancient leads him hither, thither, and yon, who The people of this Nation have long friendship with the French people if it gets in most e'veryon,e's way and in every­ been demanding a recess on partisan poli­ did not express its unwillingness to con- one's hair, I heard of one such who, tics. during the emergency-and very . tinue relations with the present govern­ since he had been a professor of animal rightly so. They should even more so . ment at Vichy; and I urge that the Com­ · husbandry was placed,)n charge of con­ demand a complete discontinuance of mittee on Foreign Affairs give immediate struction J;nachinery. One day . being socialization during the emergency. All consideration to my resolution, and re­ asked about a bulldozer, he replied that such matters should be frozen until we port it to this House. such matters did not come under his have more time to give them careful [Here the gavel fell.] 3688 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 23

EXTENSION OF REMARKS COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AN~ FORElGN PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS (By unanimous consent, Mr. SMITH of COMMERCE Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public bills Wisconsin and Mr. SMITH of Ohio were There will be a meeting of the Com­ and resolutions were introduced and· granted permission to extend .their own mittee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ severally referred ac follows: remarks in the RECORD.) merce at 10 a.m. Tuesday, May 5, 1942. By Mr. RANKIN of Mississippi: Business to be considered: The hear­ PETITION TO WITHDRAW PAPERS H. R. 6982. A bi!l to amend Veterans Regu­ ings in connection with the Federal Com­ lation No. 10, as amended; to the Committee The SPEAKER pro tempore submitted munications Commission will be resumed on World War Veterans' Legislation. the following request: on May 5 at 10 a. m. By Mr. SUMNERS of Texas: H. R. 6983. A bill tc. suspend the operation Mr. SUMNERS of Texas asks leave to with­ COMMITTEE ON THE MERCHANT MARINE AND of the antitrust laws and Federal Trade Com-. draw from the files of the House, without FISHERIES leaving copies, the papers- in the case of mission Act in certain instances requisite to petition No. 1994 of the Seventy-seventh The Committee on the Merchant Ma­ the prosecution of the war; to the Committee Congress, first session, signed by Joseph P. rine and "Fisheries· will hold a public on the Judiciary. Wilson, no adverse report having been made hearing on Tuesday, May 5, 1942, at By Mr. MAY: thereon. 10 a. m., on Senate Joint Re~olution 130, H. R. 6984. A bill to amend section 9 of the ·to extend and amend certain emergency act of·August 18, 1941 (Public Law 213, 77th The SPEAKER pro tempore. With.:. Cong.), by striking out the proviSo thereto laws relating to the merchant marine, which requires a monthly report by the Sec­ out objection, the request is granted. and for other purposes. There was no objection. retary of War to the Congress of the number. of men in active training and service; to the EXTENSION OF REMARKS Committee on Mi!itary Affairs. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. H. R. 6985. A bill to authorize the Secre­ Mr. HOOK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ 1596. Under clause 2 of rule XXIV a tary of War to designate the titles of certain mous consent to extend my own remarks letter from the Secretary of War, trans­ offices and departments of instruction at the and include therein a- speech given by mitting a letter from the Acting Chief of United States Military Academy; to the C'om­ Mr. Glenn Miller in the office of the Engineers, United States Army, dated mittee on Military Affairs. Speaker this noon. By Mrs. BYRON: September 30, 1941, submitting a report, H. R. 6986. A bill to amend the act entitled The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without together with accompanying papers and "An act to change the name of Conduit Road objection, it is so ordered. illustrations, on a review of reports on in the District of Columbia," approved March There was no objection. the Illinois River, Ill., with a view to as­ 4, 1942; to the Committee on the DiStrict of ADJOURNMENT certaining the damages by seepage and Columbia. other factors to the levee and drainage By Mr. COFFEE of Washington: · Mr. GORE. Mr. Speaker, I move that districts bordering the river, and to in­ H. Res. 472. Resolution to create a special the House do now adjourn. committee to investigate the consent decrees The motion was agre-ed to; accord­ dividual landowners within said districts, entered into by the Department of Justice in by the prosecution of the existing navi­ certain cases; to the Committee on Rules. ingly (at 2 o'clock and 18 minutes p. m.>, gation project, requested by resolution of ·pursuant to its order heretofore entered, the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, the House adjourned until Monday, House of Representatives, adopted on PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS . April 27, 1942, at 12 o'clock noon. February 10, 1937 (H. Doe. No. 711), was Under clause 1 of rule xxn, private taken from the Speaker's table, referred bills and resolutions were introduced and COMMITTEE HEARINGS to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, severally referred as follows: and ordered to be printed, with two illus­ By Mr. BARRY: COMMITl'EE ON THE JUDICIARY tra-tions. H. R. 6987. A bill for the relief of Mollie The Special Subcommittee on Bank­ Wiener Goldfein; to the Committee on ruptcy and Reorganization of the Com­ REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC Claims. By Mr. HOLMES: mittee on the Judiciary will conduct BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H. R. 6988. A bill for the relief of George E. hearings on H. R. 6912, to repeal sec­ Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of O'Loughlin; to the Committee on Claims. tion 404 of title XI of the United States committees were delivered to the Clerk By Mr. LANDIS: Code, 1940 edition (with respect to com­ for printing and reference to the proper H. R. 6989. A bill granting an increase of position of indebtedness of local taxing calendar, as follows: pension to Clarence W. Jones; to the Com­ agencies), at 10 a. m. on Monday, April mittee on Invalid Pensions. 27, room 346, House Office Building. Mr. CELLER: Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr . .McGEHEE: House Joint Resolution 304. Joint resolution H. R. 6990. A bill for the relief of G. F. Subcommittee No. 3 of the Committee to authorize the Federal Bureau of Investi­ Allen, chief disbursing officer, Treasury De­ on the Judiciary will continue hearings gation of the Department of Justice, the Mili­ partment, and for other purposes; to the on the following bills at 10 a. m. April tary Intelligence Division of the War Depart­ Committee on Claims. 28 and May 1, 1942, room 346, House ment, and the Office of Naval Intelligence of H. R. 6991. A bill for the relief of William Office Buil~ng: the Navy Department to conduct certain in­ Edward Fleming; to the Committee· on vestigations in the interest of prosecution of H. R. 5218, to confer jurisdiction oli the Claims. the war; without amendment (Rept. No. H. R. 6992. A bill for the relief of Eileen United States courts in cases involving work 2048). Referred to the Committee of the stoppages, and for ther purposes; Collins Treacy; to the Committee on Claims. Whole House on the state of the Union. By Mr. PITTENGER: H. R. 5259 and H. R. 6752, to confer juris­ Mr. RANDOLPH: Committee on the Dis­ diction in the United States courts in ·cases · H. R. 6993. A bill for the relief of the estate trict of Columbia. H. R. 6804. A bill to of Marlin Croft, deceased; to the Committee involving work stoppage for illegitimate and amend paragraph 31 of section 7 of the act nonlabor purposes; and on Claims. entitled "An act making appropriations to By Mr. RAMSAY: H. R. 6872, to amend the act entitled "An provide for the government of the DiStrict H. R. 6994. A bill for the relief of Grigorios act to protect trade and commerce against of Columbia for the fiscal year ending June or Gregory Tsotsoros; to the Committee on interference by violence, threats, coercion, or 30, 1903, and for other purposes," approved Immigration and Naturalization. intimidation," approved June 18, 1934. July 1, 1902, as amended; without amend­ ment (Rept. No. 2049). Referred to the Com­ The Special Subcommittee on Bank­ mittee of the Whole House on the state of PETITIONS, ETC. ruptcy and Reorganization of the Com­ the Union. mittee on the Judiciary will conduct Mr. RANDOLPH: Committee on the Dis­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions hearings on H. R. 6840, to amend an act trict of Columbia. H. R. 6899. A bill to and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk entitled "An act tu establish a uniform exempt custodial employees of the District and referred as follows: system of bankruptcy throughout the of Columbia Board of Education from the 2716. By Mr. JON~: Petition of 60 farm­ United States," approved July 1, 1898, operation of the provisions of section 6 of ers of Darke and Mercer Counties, Ohio, and acts amendatory thereof and supple­ the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Ap­ afllrming their belief in the American prin­ propriation Act approved May 10, 1916; with­ ciples of government set forth in the Decla­ mentary thereto (railroad adjustments),. out amendment (Rept. No. 2050). Referred ration of Independence and the Constitution, at 10:30 a. m. on Wednesday, April 29, to the Committee of the Whole House on the pledging that they will refrain from the ac­ room 346, House Office Building. state of the Union. ceptance of any Government Agricultural

, L 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENA. ~rE 3689 Adjustment Administration payment for the CALL OF THE ROLL In this new war the nations resisting growing or nongrowing of any crops, live­ stock, etc., requesting that money paid for Mr. HILL. I suggest the absence of a the Axis Powers face an even greater crop conservation and pay roll under the quorum. challenge to their very existence. They Agricultural Adjustment Administration The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk . fight more powerful, more sinister foes; program be retained by the Treasurer of the will call the roll. but their understanding of the magni­ United States to be spent for guns, planes, The Chief Clerk called the roll, ·and the tude of the task and the very firmness of food, and other necessary equipment for win­ following Senators answered to their their determination make victory certain ning the war and for the men in active serv­ names: in the long days to come. Ice in the United States armed forces. Also In some other ways, however, the cir­ setting forth their· belief that the farmer Andrews· Glass O'Mahoney should raise more foodstuffs and should re­ Austin Green Overton cumstances of today ·parallel those of Bailey Guffey Pepper 1917-18. Now, as in the last war, the frain from taking money for doing so; to the Ball Gurney Radcliffe Committee on Agriculture. Bankhead Hayden Reed common enemy has had all the advan­ 2717. By Mr. MACIORA: Petition of the Barkley Herring Reynolds tage at the outset. Now, as then, bitter Labor Nonpartisan League of Connecticut, Bilbo Hill Rosier defeats and heavy losses must be en­ signed by 5,000 workers in Connecticut in­ Bone Holman Russell dured by those who are defending civili­ dustries declaring that Connecticut labor in Brewster Hughes Schwartz Brooks Johnson, Calif. Shipstead zation, before we will be able to estab­ war industries will not strike during the Brown Johnson, Colo. Smathers lish the vital superiority in men and mu­ emergency; that Connecticut labor will co­ Bulow Kilgore Smith nitions which ·will turn the tide. operate fully to increase production; and that Bunker La Follette Spencer a change in the present labor laws will not Burton Lee Stewart The United States was far better pre­ increase production, but will only cause dis­ Byrd Lucas Taft pared for actual war on ·December 7, unity and strife; to the Committee on Mili­ Capper . McCarran Thomas, Idaho 1941, than it was on April 6, 1917. For tary Affairs. Caraway McFarland Thomas, Okla. Chandler McKellar Thomas, Utah over 2 years, by a succession of congres­ 2718. By Mr. ROLPH: Resolution of the Chavez McNary Tunnell sional acts, we had carried out or ini­ San Francisco Chamber of Commerce, rela­ Clark, Idaho Maloney Tydings tiated safety measures for our own de­ tive to the State Guard, adopted April 2, Clark, Mo. Maybank Vandenberg fense in growing volume and importance. 1942; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Danaher Mead Van Nuys , 2719. By Mr. SHAFER of Michigan: Reso­ Downey Millikin Wagner There were the revisions of the neutral­ lution of the Sheet Metal Contractors Asso­ Doxey Murdock Wallgren ity laws, the adoption of the selective­ Ellender Murray White service law and the lend-lease law, and ciation of Wisconsin, urging enactment of George Norris Wiley legislation to prevent discrimination against Gillette Nye Willis the great increases of our Army and Navy any American citizen employed or seeking and the instruments of war which they employment ip any industry turning out, or Mr. HILL. I announce that the Sena­ needed. · servicing, or transporting any requirements tor from New Mexico [Mr. HATCH] is After Pearl Harbor, the American peo­ for which the taxpayers' money is to be ex­ absent from the Senate because of ill­ pended; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ple adopted a national program of war ness. production which would have been called The Senator from Texas [Mr. CoN­ fantastic by most people 2 years before. NALLY], the Senator from Texas [Mr. It has required the shifting of the major SENATE O'DANIEL], the Senator from Wyoming part of American industry fr.om the [Mr. O'MAHONEY], the Senator from MONDAY, APRIL 27, 1942 products of peace to the weapons of war. Missouri [Mr. TRUMAN], the Senator Inevitably, but wlth the full approval The Senate met at 12 o'clocl:;: noon, on from Massachusetts [Mr. WALSH], and · the expiration of the recess. of the· Nation, this enormous program is the Senator from Montana [Mr. WHEEL­ dislocating iRdustry, labor, agriculture, The Chaplain, Very Rev. Z~Barney T. ER] are necessarily absent. and finance. It is disrupting, and will Phillips, DD., offered the following Mr. McNARY. The Senator from prayer: continue to disrupt, the normal manner Pennsylvania [Mr. DAVIs] is absent on of life of every American and every: 0 Thou infinite source of truth and official business. American family. In this we repeat the justice, who hast made us what we are - Mr. AUSTIN. The Senator from Ver­ pattern of the first World War, although and dost ever rule and govern us: We mont [Mr. AIKEN] is absent on official" on a vastly greater scale. commit ourselves to. Thee, believing in business. During that earlier war there were cer­ Thy gracious purposes concerning us, The Senator from New Jersey [Mr. tain economic factors which produced trusting that our aspiration after good­ BARBOUR J, the Senator from Nebraska unnecessary hardships; and these hard- , ness is but the echo of that transcen(ient [Mr. BuTLER], the Senator from North ships continued long after the signing of goodness which is the distinctive revela­ Dakota · [Mr. LANGER], and the Senator the Armistice. I use the word "unneces­ tion of Thyself. Is it not Thy shadow from Massachusetts [Mr. LODGE] are sary" because it is my belief that a very wherein Thou art conveyed. to us, for necessarily absent. great deal of the suffering which was often, when in the light of day Thou hast The Senator from New Hampshire caused then can be avoided now. been far from us, the gathering gloom [Mr. BRIDGES] is ab~ent as a result of These economic factors relate prima­ has seemed to bring Thee nigh? Again an injury and illness. rily to an easily understood phrase which The VICE PRESIDENT. Eighty-one we are baffled and perplexed, and Thou Senators have answered to their names. affects the lives of all of us-tl:te cost of beginnest to be murmured in the soul, as A quorum ·is present. living. Because rises in the cost of liv­ when far inland in the stillness are heard ing which came with the last war were the distant voices of the sea. So, do we CONTROL OF THE COST OF LIVING not checked in the beginning, people in thank Thee for the burden of the mys­ (H. DOC. NO. 716) this country paid more than twlce as tery of that wisdom which shall make The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the much for the same things in 1920 as they us strong for duty and patient in trial, Senate the following message from the did in 1914. the wisdom 0ut of whose fullness our President of the United States, which The rise in the cost of livin·g during wandering steps shall be guided into the :was read by the legislative clerk and this war has begun to parallel the last. way of everlasting peace. In our Sav­ referred to the Committee on Banking The time has definitely come to stop the iour's name, we pray. Amen. and Currency: spiral, and we can face the fact that THE JOURNAL there must be a drastic reduction in our 1 To the Congress of the United States: standard of living. On request of Mr. BARKLEY, ~nd by unanimous consent, the reading of the In c~rtain ways the present world en­ While the cost of living, based on the Journal of the proceedings of the calen­ circling war presents problems which average prices of necessaries, has gone dar day Thursday, April 23, 1942, was were unimaginable. during the first up about 15 percent so far since the dispensed with, and the Journal was World War. autumn of 1939, we must now act to keep The theaters o! combat today cover it from soaring another 80 or 90 percent approved. '. ''l. vastly greater areas. Many more mil­ during the next year or two-to hold it MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT lions of human beings are involved. The somewhere near the present level. . Messages in writing from the President new factors of mechanical power, in the There are obvious reasons for taking of the United States wer ..... communicated air and on the land and on the sea, have every :;>tep necessary to prevent this rise. to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his produced radical changes in basic strat­ I emphasize the words "every step" be­ secretaries. egy and tactics. cause no single step would be adequate