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VU Research Portal Honour Killings, Moral Panic and the Emergence of an Organizational Field Brenninkmeijer, N.V. 2018 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Brenninkmeijer, N. V. (2018). Honour Killings, Moral Panic and the Emergence of an Organizational Field: A case study of the processes, actors and actions involved in the emergence of an issue-based organizational field. VU University Press. 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Sep. 2021 VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT Honour Killings, Moral Panic and the Emergence of an Organizational Field A Case Study of the Processes, Actors and Actions Involved in the Emergence of an Issue-based Organizational Field ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. V. Subramaniam, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de Faculteit der Sociale Wetenschappen op maandag 29 januari 2018 om 9.45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 door Nicole Veronika Brenninkmeijer geboren te Wimbledon, Verenigd Koninkrijk promotoren: prof.dr. H. Ghorashi prof.dr. M.B. Veenswijk copromotor: dr. C.M. Roggeband Honour Killings, Moral Panic and the Emergence of an Organizational Field A Case Study of the Processes, Actors and Actions Involved in the Emergence of an Issue-based Organizational Field Nicole Brenninkmeijer VU University Press, Amsterdam VU University Press De Boelelaan 1105 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands www.vuuniversitypress.com [email protected] © 2018 Nicole Brenninkmeijer Design jacket: Haags Blauw, Den Haag (Bianca Wesseling) Type setting interior: Jaap Prummel, Amsterdam (Japes) ISBN 978 90 8659 772 7 NUR 761 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo- copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the publisher. This book is dedicated to all victims of violence and to the professionals who help them. Contents Prologue 13 Introduction 17 How to make sense of these activities 18 Institutional theory and organizational fields 19 Reintroducing Bourdieu into institutional theory 22 Central research questions 23 Outline 24 Part I Studying an organizational field 1. Institutional theory’s pendulum swings 28 1.1 In search of a balanced theory of action 29 1.2 Swinging back and forth 33 2. Bringing Bourdieu back into institutional theory 36 2.1 Applying Bourdieu in a piecemeal fashion: a critique 36 2.2 A theory of practice 39 Concluding remarks 50 3. Methodological contemplations 52 3.1 Bourdieu and the interpretive perspective 52 3.2 Reconstructing the issue’s emergence 55 3.3 An organizational field ethnography 58 3.4 Reflection 62 Part II How honour-related violence became an issue within the Dutch public discourse Introduction 66 Part II: theoretical underpinnings 67 Part II: outline 69 4. Defining honour-related violence 71 4.1 The emergence of a contested label 71 4.2 Developing a new label: honour-related violence 77 4.3 How these labels contributed to the emergence of a Dutch HRV field 82 5. Honour killings as field-configuring events 85 5.1 Analysing field-configuring events 85 7 Contents 5.2 How honour killings become critical events 87 5.3 Discussion about the attribution of the “honour killing” label 95 5.4 Disputes about the cultural background to honour killings 104 5.5 How these events contributed to the emergence of a Dutch HRV field 109 6. Changing macro-cultural discourses 111 6.1 Multiculturalism and gender-inequality 113 6.2 Social cohesion, national imaginaries and the creation of the other 118 6.3 How the changes in macro-cultural discourses contributed to the emergence of a Dutch HRV field 121 7. The moral panic driving the attention for honour killings 123 7.1 Amplifying issue attention: the moral panic concept 124 7.2 Honour killings, moral panic and the emergence of an issue-based field 127 7.3 How the moral panic about honour killings contributed to the emergence of a Dutch HRV field 131 Part III State practices and emerging field configurations Introduction 134 Bourdieu on state power 136 Part III: outline 138 8. The political field as a field of struggle 140 8.1 Field-configuring events within the political field 141 8.2 Accelerating the honour-related violence debate: Gül’s murder 146 8.3 Developing a better understanding of the problem: two studies and a pilot 149 8.4 Assigning honour-related violence “priority project status” 152 8.5 Questioning the priority project’s adequacy 155 8.6 Presenting the interministerial programme 157 8.7 How these state practices contributed to the emergence of a Dutch HRV field 160 9. Key actors and their capital 166 9.1 Key actors and their roles within the emerging HRV field 167 9.2 The agenda setters 169 9.3 The experts 171 9.4 The bridge builders 173 9.5 The financiers 175 9.6 The regular function 176 9.7 Concluding remarks 178 10. Discussions about the label of honour-related violence 181 10.1 The Working Definition versus the Definition-in-use 183 8 Contents 10.2 Moving beyond the definition 191 10.3 Concluding remarks 194 11. Collaborative practices within the HRV field 197 11.1 Emerging field configurations: a schematic representation 198 11.2 Collaborative practices between the state and umbrella organizations 201 11.3 Collaborative practices between the state and local network partners 206 11.4 Network collaboration within the HRV field 210 11.5 Network partners and migrant organizations: lack of trust 214 11.6 Concluding remarks 218 Conclusion and discussion 222 The emergence of the Dutch honour-related violence field 223 Field emergence: a multi-layered process 224 The three phases of issue-based field emergence 238 Critical preconditions for field emergence 257 Bringing Bourdieu back into institutional theory: an update 235 Bourdieu and the structure-agency dilemma 256 The added value of Bourdieu’s theory in practice 257 Updating Bourdieu’s framework with the addition of institutional concepts 258 Future research 238 Lessons for the public domain 239 Epilogue: Newsletter of the Platform for Honour and Freedom 240 References 242 Appendixes Appendix 1: Occurrences of the “honour killing” and “honour-related violence” labels in the media and in politics 254 Appendix 2: Example from the matrix on Gül’s murder 256 Appendix 3: Observations 257 Appendix 4: Information on the respondents and their backgrounds 258 Appendix 5: Interview schedule 263 Summary 267 Acknowledgments 280 9 Contents List of Abbreviations and Acronyms CDA ‘Christian Democratic Appeal’, Christen Democratisch Appèl Dutch Christian-Democratic Party CU Dutch Christian Party Christen Unie D66 Dutch Progressive Liberal Party Politieke Partij Democraten FO Umbrella for women’s shelter organiza- Federatie Opvang tions GL ‘GreenLeft’, Dutch political party, greens Groen Links HTIP Leftish Turkish migrant workers’ society HRV field Honour-Related Violence field IOT Umbrella Organization for Turks in the Inspraak Orgaan Turken in Netherlands Nederland LEC National Expertise Centre on honour-re- Landelijk Expertise Centrum lated violence eergerelateerd geweld LPF ‘List Pim Fortuyn’, Dutch political party Lijst Pim Fortuyn founded by Pim Fortuyn LOM National minorities consultation plat- Landelijk Overleg Minderheden form MEP Unit for Multi-Ethnic Policing Multi-Etnisch Politiewerk MP Member of Parliament NCB Dutch Centre for Foreigners Nederlands Centrum Buitenlanders NGO Non-Governmental Organization PvdA ‘Labour Party’, Dutch Social-Democratic Partij van de Arbeid Party PVV ‘Party for Freedom’, Dutch Anti-Immi- Partij voor de Vrijheid grant Party ROC Regional Training Centres Regionaal Opleidings Centrum SGP Dutch Conservative Christian Party Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij SMN Cooperative Association for Dutch peo- Samenwerkingsverband ple of Moroccan ethnicity Marokkaanse Nederlanders SP Dutch Socialist Party Socialitische Partij STO Cooperating Turkish Organizations Samenwerkende Turkse Organisaties VON Refugees Organizations in the Nether- Vluchtelingen-Organisaties lands Nederland VVD ‘People’s Party for Freedom and Democ- Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en racy’, Dutch Conservative-Liberal Party Democratie 10 Contents List of Tables Table 1. Key instigators and their roles Table 2. Actors and their claims about the attribution of the “honour killing” label Table 3. Letters and parliamentary debates on honour-related violence, 2004- 2006 Table 4. Key actors and their roles Table 5. Distribution of capital over the key actors within the emerging HRV field Table 6. Critical preconditions for the emergence of the Dutch HRV field List of Figures Figure 1. The interrelationship between habitus, field and capital Figure 2. Occurrences of the label of eerwraak in Dutch newspapers, 1990-2010 Figure 3. Occurrences of the label of eerwraak in Dutch parliament, 1996-2010 Figure 4. Occurrences of the label of eerwraak in Dutch newspapers and parlia- ment, 1996-2010 Figure 5. Occurrences of the labels of eergerelateerd geweld and eerwraak in Dutch parliament, 1996-2010 Figure 6. Occurrences of the eergerelateerd geweld and eerwraak labels in Dutch newspapers, 1996-2010 Figure 7.