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ANTIDEMOCRACY in AMERICA Public Books Series ANTIDEMOCRACY IN AMERICA Public Books Series Sharon Marcus and Caitlin Zaloom, Editors Founded in 2012, Public Books is required reading for anyone interested in what scholars have to say about contemporary culture, politics, and society. The monographs, anthologies, surveys, and experimental for- mats featured in this series translate the online experience of intellec- tual creativity and community into the physical world of print. Through writing that exemplifies the magazine’s commitment to expertise, acces- sibility, and diversity, the Public Books Series aims to break down barriers between the academy and the public in order to make the life of the mind a public good. Think in Public: A Public Books Reader, edited by Sharon Marcus and Caitlin Zaloom, 2019 Antidemocracy in America: Truth, Power, and the Republic at Risk, edited by Eric Klinenberg, Caitlin Zaloom, and Sharon Marcus, 2019 ANTIDEMOCRACY IN AMERICA TRUTH, POWER, AND THE REPUBLIC AT RISK Edited by ERIC KLINENBERG CAITLIN ZALOOM SHARON MARCUS COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW YORK Columbia University Press Publishers Since 1893 New York Chichester, West Sussex cup .columbia .edu Copyright © 2019 Eric Klinenberg, Caitlin Zaloom, and Sharon Marcus All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Klinenberg, Eric, editor. | Zaloom, Caitlin, editor. | Marcus, Sharon, 1966– editor. Title: Antidemocracy in America : truth, power, and the republic at risk / edited by Eric Klinenberg, Caitlin Zaloom, and Sharon Marcus. Description: New York : Columbia University Press, [2019] | Series: Public books series | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: LCCN 2018061396 (print) | LCCN 2019002481 (ebook) | ISBN 9780231548724 (e- book) | ISBN 9780231190107 (cloth : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780231190114 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: United States— Politics and government— 2017– | Conservatism— United States— History— 21st century. | Trump, Donald, 1946– | Political culture— United States— 21st century. Classification: LCC E912 (ebook) | LCC E912 .A58 2019 (print) | DDC 306.20973/0905— dc23 LC record available at https: //lccn .loc .gov /2018061396 Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid- free paper. Printed in the United States of America Cover design: Julia Kushnirsky Cover photo: Ted Eytan, MD Book design: Lisa Hamm CONTENTS Introduction: The Big Picture 1 ERIC KLINENBERG PART I. THE CRISIS: WHERE WE ARE Resource Extraction 11 MICHELLE WILDE ANDERSON Confronting Manhood After Trump 19 LISA WADE Predatory Real Estate 27 THOMAS J. SUGRUE The Misinformation Society 39 VICTOR PICKARD Defending Open Cities 49 SASKIA SASSEN Criminalizing Immigrants 55 ALINA DAS vi Q Contents Trump, Trade, and War 63 OONA A. HATHAWAY AND SCOTT J. SHAPIRO Rule by Misrule 71 RICHARD SENNETT School of Trump 77 PEDRO NOGUERA Trump on Twitter: How a Medium Designed for Democracy Became an Authoritarian’s Mouthpiece 83 FRED TURNER Trump’s Attack on Knowledge 93 CRAIG CALHOUN PART II. THE COLLAPSE: HOW WE GOT HERE The Devastated House of Labor 111 MARGARET LEVI Unholy Alliances 119 SHAMUS KHAN Coalthink 127 GRETCHEN BAKKE Violence and Criminal Justice 135 PATRICK SHARKEY Women Voters, Left and Right 143 LINDA GORDON The Office of the Presidency 153 ROBERT SHRUM Contents Q vii Religion and the Republic 159 PHILIP GORSKI Evangelical Voters 167 TANYA MARIE LUHRMANN Gun Culture 175 HAREL SHAPIRA Black Women and the FBI 185 ASHLEY FARMER Confederate Revisionist History 191 DOUGLAS S. MASSEY Trump’s Charisma 199 STEVEN LUKES Unequal America 207 MICHELLE JACKSON AND DAVID B. GRUSKY PART III. THE SOLUTIONS: WHAT WE CAN DO Working- Class Environmentalism 217 DANIEL ALDANA COHEN Defending Society 225 WENDY BROWN Protest, Violent and Nonviolent 233 JUDITH BUTLER Social Solidarity 241 MICHELE LAMONT viii Q Contents “The Parliament of Bodies” 249 JACK HALBERSTAM The Right Type of Citizenship 255 JEFFERSON COWIE Multiracial Cooperation 265 WILLIAM JULIUS WILSON List of Contributors 273 ANTIDEMOCRACY IN AMERICA INTRODUCTION: THE BIG PICTURE ERIC KLINENBERG his book, which I edited with Sharon Marcus and Caitlin Zaloom of Public Books, is a collective effort to assess the pres- T idency of Donald Trump and the effects of America’s unset- tling turn toward authoritarian rule. It’s a call for us to pull back from the deluge of tweets and breaking news stories that turn each day into a political drama, to consider the big picture that’s slowly emerging from the dark places we inhabit today. How did we get here? Decades of economic stagnation and ris- ing inequality have rekindled support for antidemocratic politi- cal parties throughout the developed world. Nativism, ethno- nationalism, and the misogyny and homophobia that accompany them have fueled the campaigns. In recent years, European nations have harbored and succumbed to authoritarian movements. And on November 8, 2016, citizens of the world’s strongest democratic nation elected a reality- television star and real- estate tycoon with no previous governing experience to be their president. It was, by any stretch of the imagination, an extraordinary leap into the unknown for America and, by virtue of its hyperpower status, for the rest of the world. The articles in this book, written by many of the nation’s lead- ing social scientists and humanists, leverage the power of scholarly 2 Q Introduction: The Big Picture knowledge to explore the causes, consequences, and meanings of this dark turn. They also point to ways forward. But the essays— including this one, which Sharon and Caitlin contributed to and shaped— are motivated by a set of recent events that are worth cat- aloguing so that we can establish the context for our inquiry. Donald Trump launched his political career by questioning the citizenship of the nation’s first African American president, Barack Obama. He campaigned for office by promising to enact policies antithetical to open societies: curbing civil rights and liberties, including free speech; building a massive southern border wall; limiting the franchise; imprisoning reporters; reducing oversight of police violence and the criminal- justice system; and allying with dictators and thugs. He was aggressively nativist, impugning the character of Mexicans and Arabs and denigrating Jews and blacks. He was unapologetically misogynist, for gun rights, and against reproductive rights. He led rallies where he encouraged support- ers to physically injure his political opponents. Trump’s support- ers chanted: “Build a wall!” and “Lock her up!” Trump demeaned government and the professional public ser- vants who work for it. He pledged to blow up the system: termi- nating trade agreements and climate treaties, pulling back from international diplomacy, putting “America first.” He denied the validity of established science, particularly on climate change. He said he’d revive the moribund coal industry, return factories to the rust belt, let oil companies drill in the oceans, and rebuild a massive fossil- fuel pipeline that his predecessor had rejected. He promised to protect— even expand— the rights of gun owners and to roll back the rights of women to control their own bodies and lives. Like Bernie Sanders, the surprisingly popular socialist candi- date who nearly won the Democratic nomination, Trump claimed to champion those left behind by globalization, deindustrializa- tion, and the financial economy. Unlike Sanders, though, Trump Eric Klinenberg Q 3 welded his populist message to an exclusionary, racist one, galva- nizing the alt- right and other openly bigoted forces previously on the fringe of American life. What’s more, he did it dishonestly, by promising to restore a past that can never return— not least because it never existed in the first place. We went for it. Not all of us. Not even most of us. But you don’t get into the White House by winning the popular vote. You get there by winning the Electoral College, and Trump did, by a com- manding margin. In January 2017, he became the nation’s forty- fifth president. Americans, including many who voted for him, braced for the storm Trump would bring. In office, as in the electoral campaign, President Trump has repeatedly attacked sacred Enlightenment projects, including sci- ence, journalism, and the relentless pursuit of truth. He has prop- agated misinformation. He has complimented and cozied up to despots across the planet, including Vladmir Putin and Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and has insulted leaders of open democratic soci- eties with whom the United States has long been allied. Trump has advocated slashing public support for medical research, cli- mate science, laboratory science, social science, the humanities, and the arts. He has ordered that vital research on health, the envi- ronment, and security be halted or revised. He has demanded that important public data be discarded and erased. Trump is opposed to public knowledge and intellectual free- dom. He demands strict loyalty and is against transparency. He has fired intelligence officials who have investigated his adminis- tration and his businesses. He has threatened media companies that dig for information that he’d prefer to keep buried, labeled journalists “the lowest form of life” and “enemies of the people,” and— in true authoritarian fashion— called for the termination of a reporter (one of many, but the most prominent female African American) who called him a “white supremacist.” 4 Q Introduction: The Big Picture He has established himself, his cabinet, and the government
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