Subject Index, Volume 81, 1996
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Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
Holdawayite Mn (CO3)
2+ Holdawayite Mn6 (CO3)2(OH)7(Cl, OH) c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m. Fibrous along [001]; commonly in granular aggregates, or massive, with individual grains to 2 cm. Physical Properties: Cleavage: On {100}, perfect. Fracture: Irregular. Tenacity: Moderately brittle. Hardness = ∼3 D(meas.) = 3.19(4) D(calc.) = 3.24 Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Pale to dark pink if fresh, turning brown on exposure, developing a dark sooty coating. Streak: Pale pink. Luster: Vitreous, silky in fibrous aggregates. Optical Class: Biaxial (–). Orientation: X = b; Z ∧ c = 45(3)◦. Dispersion: r< v,moderate. α = 1.644(1) β = 1.719(1) γ = 1.721(1) 2V(meas.) = 12(3)◦ 2V(calc.) = 18◦ Cell Data: Space Group: C2/m. a = 23.437(5) b = 3.3137(3) c = 16.618(6) β = 111.15(2)◦ Z=4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Kombat mine, Namibia. 10.93 (100), 5.459 (80), 3.879 (70), 2.690 (60b), 2.589 (50b), 7.77 (40), 2.926 (40) Chemistry: (1) CO2 14.2 B2O3 1.2 FeO 0.2 MnO 64.6 MgO 4.4 CaO 0.5 Cl 4.4 H2O 11.47 −O=Cl2 1.0 Total 100.0 (1) Kombat mine, Namibia; by electron microprobe, C by Leco analyzer, H2O by the Penfield method, B may be due to sussexite contamination; corresponds to (Mn5.24Mg0.62 Ca0.06Fe0.02)Σ=5.94[(CO3)1.86(BO3)0.20]Σ=2.06[(OH)7.34Cl0.74]Σ=8.08. Occurrence: Locally abundant as a rare vein mineral in low-grade metamorphosed Mn-rich sedimentary rocks intercalated with sedimentary iron deposits. -
Sussexite Mn2+BO2(OH)
2+ Sussexite Mn BO2(OH) c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m. As bladed acicular crystals, to 7 mm; cross-vein or radial fibrous, in felted or matted aggregates, nodular. Twinning: Submicroscopic twinning on {100} which cannot be resolved optically. Physical Properties: Tenacity: Inflexible. Hardness = 3–3.5 D(meas.) = 3.30 D(calc.) = 3.335 Optical Properties: Semitransparent. Color: White to buff, straw-yellow, pale pink; colorless in transmitted light. Streak: White. Luster: Silky, dull, earthy. Optical Class: Biaxial (–). Orientation: Parallel extinction; X = elongation; Z ⊥ flattening. Dispersion: r> v. α= 1.670 β = 1.728 γ = 1.732 2V(meas.) = ∼25◦ Cell Data: Space Group: P 21/a. a = 12.866(3) b = 10.718(2) c = 3.287(1) β =94.75(3)◦ Z=8 X-ray Powder Pattern: N’chwaning II mine, South Africa. 6.43 (10), 2.773 (7), 3.34 (6), 2.632 (6), 2.494 (6), 2.741 (5), 2.694 (5) Chemistry: (1) (3) B2O3 30.52 30.33 FeO 0.16 MnO 49.40 61.82 MgO 9.56 CaO 2.03 H2O 8.33 7.85 Total [100.00] 100.00 (1) Franklin, New Jersey, USA; recalculated to 100% after deduction of willemite 4.5%. (2) N’chwaning II mine, South Africa; by electron microprobe, analysis not given; stated to correspond to (Mn0.95Mg0.05)Σ=1.00BO2(OH). (3) MnBO2(OH). Polymorphism & Series: Forms a series with szaib´elyite. Occurrence: A rare hydrothermal mineral typically in veinlets in boron-bearing metamorphosed Mn–Fe–Zn deposits. -
Third-Generation Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction of 6- M Crystal of Raite, Na
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 94, pp. 12263–12267, November 1997 Geology Third-generation synchrotron x-ray diffraction of 6-mm crystal of raite, 'Na3Mn3Ti0.25Si8O20(OH)2z10H2O, opens up new chemistry and physics of low-temperature minerals (crystal structureymicrocrystalyphyllosilicate) JOSEPH J. PLUTH*, JOSEPH V. SMITH*†,DMITRY Y. PUSHCHAROVSKY‡,EUGENII I. SEMENOV§,ANDREAS BRAM¶, CHRISTIAN RIEKEL¶,HANS-PETER WEBER¶, AND ROBERT W. BROACHi *Department of Geophysical Sciences, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, GeologicalySoilyEnvironmental, and Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; ‡Department of Geology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119899, Russia; §Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117071, Russia; ¶European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043, Grenoble, France; and UOP Research Center, Des Plaines, IL 60017 Contributed by Joseph V. Smith, September 3, 1997 ABSTRACT The crystal structure of raite was solved and the energy and metal industries, hydrology, and geobiology. refined from data collected at Beamline Insertion Device 13 at Raite lies in the chemical cooling sequence of exotic hyperal- the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, using a 3 3 3 3 kaline rocks of the Kola Peninsula, Russia, and the 65 mm single crystal. The refined lattice constants of the Monteregian Hills, Canada (2). This hydrated sodium- monoclinic unit cell are a 5 15.1(1) Å; b 5 17.6(1) Å; c 5 manganese silicate extends the already wide range of manga- 5.290(4) Å; b 5 100.5(2)°; space group C2ym. The structure, nese crystal chemistry (3), which includes various complex including all reflections, refined to a final R 5 0.07. -
New Mineral Names*,†
American Mineralogist, Volume 100, pages 1649–1654, 2015 New Mineral Names*,† DMITRIY I. BELAKOVSKIY1 AND OLIVIER C. GAGNE2 1Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 18 korp. 2, Moscow 119071, Russia 2Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada IN THIS ISSUE This New Mineral Names has entries for 10 new minerals, including debattistiite, evdokimovite, ferdowsiite, karpovite, kolskyite, markhininite, protochabournéite, raberite, shulamitite, and vendidaite. DEBATTISTIITE* for 795 unique I > 2σ(I) reflections] corner-sharing As(S,Te)3 A. Guastoni, L. Bindi, and F. Nestola (2012) Debattistiite, pyramids form three-membered distorted rings linked by Ag atoms in triangular or distorted tetrahedral coordination. Certain Ag9Hg0.5As6S12Te2, a new Te-bearing sulfosalt from Len- genbach quarry, Binn valley, Switzerland: description and features of that linkage are similar to those in the structures of crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 76(3), 743–750. trechmannite and minerals of pearceite–polybasite group. Of the seven anion positions, one is almost fully occupied by Te (Te0.93S0.07). The Hg atom is in a nearly perfect linear coordination Debattistiite (IMA 2011-098), ideally Ag9Hg0.5As6S12Te2, is a new mineral discovered in the famous for Pb-Cu-Ag-As-Tl with two Te/S atoms. One of five Ag sites and Hg site, which are bearing sulfosalts Lengenbach quarry in the Binn Valley, Valais, very close (separation 1.137 Å), are partially occupied (50%). Switzerland. Debattistiite has been identified in two specimens Thus there is a statistical distribution (50:50) between Hg(Te,S)2 from zone 1 of the quarry in cavities in dolomitic marble with and AgS2(Te,S)2 polyhedra in the structure. -
Chemical Composition and Petrogenetic Implications of Eudialyte-Group Mineral in the Peralkaline Lovozero Complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia
minerals Article Chemical Composition and Petrogenetic Implications of Eudialyte-Group Mineral in the Peralkaline Lovozero Complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia Lia Kogarko 1,* and Troels F. D. Nielsen 2 1 Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia 2 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 23 September 2020; Accepted: 16 November 2020; Published: 20 November 2020 Abstract: Lovozero complex, the world’s largest layered peralkaline intrusive complex hosts gigantic deposits of Zr-, Hf-, Nb-, LREE-, and HREE-rich Eudialyte Group of Mineral (EGM). The petrographic relations of EGM change with time and advancing crystallization up from Phase II (differentiated complex) to Phase III (eudialyte complex). EGM is anhedral interstitial in all of Phase II which indicates that EGM nucleated late relative to the main rock-forming and liquidus minerals of Phase II. Saturation in remaining bulk melt with components needed for nucleation of EGM was reached after the crystallization about 85 vol. % of the intrusion. Early euhedral and idiomorphic EGM of Phase III crystalized in a large convective volume of melt together with other liquidus minerals and was affected by layering processes and formation of EGM ore. Consequently, a prerequisite for the formation of the ore deposit is saturation of the alkaline bulk magma with EGM. It follows that the potential for EGM ores in Lovozero is restricted to the parts of the complex that hosts cumulus EGM. Phase II with only anhedral and interstitial EGM is not promising for this type of ore. -
New Minerals Approved Bythe Ima Commission on New
NEW MINERALS APPROVED BY THE IMA COMMISSION ON NEW MINERALS AND MINERAL NAMES ALLABOGDANITE, (Fe,Ni)l Allabogdanite, a mineral dimorphous with barringerite, was discovered in the Onello iron meteorite (Ni-rich ataxite) found in 1997 in the alluvium of the Bol'shoy Dolguchan River, a tributary of the Onello River, Aldan River basin, South Yakutia (Republic of Sakha- Yakutia), Russia. The mineral occurs as light straw-yellow, with strong metallic luster, lamellar crystals up to 0.0 I x 0.1 x 0.4 rnrn, typically twinned, in plessite. Associated minerals are nickel phosphide, schreibersite, awaruite and graphite (Britvin e.a., 2002b). Name: in honour of Alia Nikolaevna BOG DAN OVA (1947-2004), Russian crys- tallographer, for her contribution to the study of new minerals; Geological Institute of Kola Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity. fMA No.: 2000-038. TS: PU 1/18632. ALLOCHALCOSELITE, Cu+Cu~+PbOZ(Se03)P5 Allochalcoselite was found in the fumarole products of the Second cinder cone, Northern Breakthrought of the Tolbachik Main Fracture Eruption (1975-1976), Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. It occurs as transparent dark brown pris- matic crystals up to 0.1 mm long. Associated minerals are cotunnite, sofiite, ilin- skite, georgbokiite and burn site (Vergasova e.a., 2005). Name: for the chemical composition: presence of selenium and different oxidation states of copper, from the Greek aA.Ao~(different) and xaAxo~ (copper). fMA No.: 2004-025. TS: no reliable information. ALSAKHAROVITE-Zn, NaSrKZn(Ti,Nb)JSi401ZJz(0,OH)4·7HzO photo 1 Labuntsovite group Alsakharovite-Zn was discovered in the Pegmatite #45, Lepkhe-Nel'm MI. -
Crystal Growth, Structure and Physical Properties of Crystals
Crystal growth, structure and physical properties of crystals Kurazhkovskaya V.S., Dorokhova G.I., Zyk- W – univalent and bivalent anions. Structures of vesuvi- ova T.B. Change of vezuvianit structural pe- anites are studied in dependence on a character of cation ordering in different sites within three space groups: culiarity at isomorphism. P4/nnc and its two sub-groups P4nc (C4ν) and P4/n (C4h). M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Geological Depart- It is found earlier [1, 2], that two “garnet blocks” (GB), i.e. ment, Vorobjovy Gory, Moscow, 119899, Russia crys- volume bar, outsets from the grossular garnet structure, are [email protected] the basis of the vesuvianite structure. Junction of two GB key words: [vezuvianite, infrared spectroscopy, iso- leads to formation of diorthogroups [Si2O7]. Cation com- morphism] position of GB {Ca18Al8Si18} is practically constant. Cations of the “vesuvianite filling” (VF) occupy cavities Vesuvianite is an ortho-diorthosilicate of a general formed within the frame-work. Isomorphic substitutions schematic formula X~19Y13Z18O68W10, where X – Ca and are characteristic feature of VF (Table 1). Hypothetical other cations, which occupy sites of coordination number position R is suggested for vesuvianites with an excess 8, Y – cations occupying octahedrons and pentagonal cations (>19). polyhedrons: Al, Fe, Mg, Ti, etc., Z – Si in tetrahedrons, Table 1. Positions of cations CN Garnet block (GB) Vezuvianite filling (VF) 8 (Ca1)2 (Ca2)8 (Ca3)8 (Ca4)1 6 (Al1)8 (Al2)4 (R?)2 and > 5 (Al3)1 Table 2. Positions of “vezuvianite filling” N of sample (Ca4)1 (Al2)4 (Al3)1 (R?)2 and > 1 Ca1 Al2.93Fe1.07 Ca0.66Na0.34 Fe2.1Mn0.11 2 Ca1 Al3.72Fe0.24Ti0.04 Ca0.58Na0.23Mg0.14Zn0.05 Fe0.38Mg2.03 3 Ca1 Al2.16Fe0.93Ti0.92 Ca0.92Na0.39? Fe0.91Mg1.88Mn0.1 4 Ca1 Al1.16Fe2.05Mg0.84 Ca0.61Na0.18Mn0.1Zn0.02 Mg2.12 Table 3. -
2(Si4o12)O(O,F), a New K-Nb-Cyclosilicate from Chuktukon Carbonatite Massif, Chadobets Upland, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia
minerals Article Rippite, K2(Nb,Ti)2(Si4O12)O(O,F), a New K-Nb-Cyclosilicate from Chuktukon Carbonatite Massif, Chadobets Upland, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia Victor V. Sharygin 1,2,3,* , Anna G. Doroshkevich 1,4 , Yurii V. Seryotkin 1,3 , Nikolai S. Karmanov 1, Elena V. Belogub 5,6, Tatyana N. Moroz 1, Elena N. Nigmatulina 1, Alexander P. Yelisseyev 1, Vitalii N. Vedenyapin 1 and Igor N. Kupriyanov 1,3 1 V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3 Acad. Koptyuga pr., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; [email protected] (A.G.D.); [email protected] (Y.V.S.); [email protected] (N.S.K.); [email protected] (T.N.M.); [email protected] (E.N.N.); [email protected] (A.P.Y.); [email protected] (V.N.V.); [email protected] (I.N.K.) 2 ExtraTerra Consortium, Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia 3 Department of Geology and Geophysics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia 4 Geological Institute, Siberian Branch of the RAS, 6a Sakhyanova str., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russia 5 South Urals Federal Research Center of Mineralogy and Geoecology, Uralian Branch of the RAS, 456317 Miass, Russia; [email protected] 6 Faculty of Geology, National Research South Ural State University, Miass Branch, 20 8-July str., Bldg. 10, 456304 Miass, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-383-330-80-84 Received: 9 November 2020; Accepted: 3 December 2020; Published: 8 December 2020 Abstract: Rippite K2(Nb,Ti)2(Si4O12)(O,F)2, a new K-Nb-cyclosilicate, has been discovered in calciocarbonatites from the Chuktukon massif (Chadobets upland, SW Siberian Platform, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia). -
Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin 190, 25-33
List of all minerals identified in the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland Ole V. Petersen About 220 minerals have been described from the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex. A list of all minerals, for which proper documentation exists, is presented with formulae and references to original publications. The Ilímaussaq alkaline complex is the type locality for 27 minerals including important rock-forming minerals such as aenigmatite, arfvedsonite, eudialyte, poly- lithionite, rinkite and sodalite. Nine minerals, chalcothallite, karupmøllerite-Ca, kvanefjeldite, nabesite, nacareniobsite-(Ce), naujakasite, rohaite, semenovite and sorensenite appear to be unique to the Ilímaussaq complex. Geological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: agpaite, Ilímaussaq, mineral inventory, minerals type locality The agpaitic complexes Ilímaussaq (South Greenland), world. Most of the minerals for which Ilímaussaq is Khibina and Lovozero (Kola Peninsula, Russia), and the type locality have later been found in other com- Mont Saint-Hilaire (Quebec, Canada) are among the plexes of agpaitic rocks. areas in the world which are richest in rare minerals. Two minerals were described simultaneously from About 700 minerals have been found in these com- Ilímaussaq and the Kola Peninsula, tugtupite and vi- plexes which hold the type localities for about 200 tusite. Tugtupite was published from the Lovozero minerals. complex by Semenov & Bykova (1960) under the name About 220 minerals have been found in the Ilímaus- beryllosodalite and from Ilímaussaq by Sørensen (1960) saq complex of which 27 have their type localities under the preliminary name beryllium sodalite which within the complex. In comparison Khibina and Lov- was changed to tugtupite in later publications (Søren- ozero hold the type localities for 127 minerals (Pekov sen 1962, 1963). -
Mineral Index
Mineral Index Abhurite T.73, T.355 Anandite-Zlvl, T.116, T.455 Actinolite T.115, T.475 Anandite-20r T.116, T.45S Adamite T.73,T.405, T.60S Ancylite-(Ce) T.74,T.35S Adelite T.115, T.40S Andalusite (VoU, T.52,T.22S), T.27S, T.60S Aegirine T.73, T.30S Andesine (VoU, T.58, T.22S), T.41S Aenigmatite T.115, T.46S Andorite T.74, T.31S Aerugite (VoU, T.64, T.22S), T.34S Andradite T.74, T.36S Agrellite T.115, T.47S Andremeyerite T.116, T.41S Aikinite T.73,T.27S, T.60S Andrewsite T.116, T.465 Akatoreite T.73, T.54S, T.615 Angelellite T.74,T.59S Akermanite T.73, T.33S Ankerite T.74,T.305 Aktashite T.73, T.36S Annite T.146, T.44S Albite T.73,T.30S, T.60S Anorthite T.74,T.415 Aleksite T.73, T.35S Anorthoclase T.74,T.30S, T.60S Alforsite T.73, T.325 Anthoinite T.74, T.31S Allactite T.73, T.38S Anthophyllite T.74, T.47S, T.61S Allanite-(Ce) T.146, T.51S Antigorite T.74,T.375, 60S Allanite-(La) T.115, T.44S Antlerite T.74, T.32S, T.60S Allanite-(Y) T.146, T.51S Apatite T.75, T.32S, T.60S Alleghanyite T.73, T.36S Aphthitalite T.75,T.42S, T.60 Allophane T.115, T.59S Apuanite T.75,T.34S Alluaudite T.115, T.45S Archerite T.75,T.31S Almandine T.73, T.36S Arctite T.146, T.53S Alstonite T.73,T.315 Arcubisite T.75, T.31S Althausite T.73,T.40S Ardaite T.75,T.39S Alumino-barroisite T.166, T.57S Ardennite T.166, T.55S Alumino-ferra-hornblende T.166, T.57S Arfvedsonite T.146, T.55S, T.61S Alumino-katophorite T.166, T.57S Argentojarosite T.116, T.45S Alumino-magnesio-hornblende T.159,T.555 Argentotennantite T.75,T.47S Alumino-taramite T.166, T.57S Argyrodite (VoU, -
Alphabetical List
LIST L - MINERALS - ALPHABETICAL LIST Specific mineral Group name Specific mineral Group name acanthite sulfides asbolite oxides accessory minerals astrophyllite chain silicates actinolite clinoamphibole atacamite chlorides adamite arsenates augite clinopyroxene adularia alkali feldspar austinite arsenates aegirine clinopyroxene autunite phosphates aegirine-augite clinopyroxene awaruite alloys aenigmatite aenigmatite group axinite group sorosilicates aeschynite niobates azurite carbonates agate silica minerals babingtonite rhodonite group aikinite sulfides baddeleyite oxides akaganeite oxides barbosalite phosphates akermanite melilite group barite sulfates alabandite sulfides barium feldspar feldspar group alabaster barium silicates silicates albite plagioclase barylite sorosilicates alexandrite oxides bassanite sulfates allanite epidote group bastnaesite carbonates and fluorides alloclasite sulfides bavenite chain silicates allophane clay minerals bayerite oxides almandine garnet group beidellite clay minerals alpha quartz silica minerals beraunite phosphates alstonite carbonates berndtite sulfides altaite tellurides berryite sulfosalts alum sulfates berthierine serpentine group aluminum hydroxides oxides bertrandite sorosilicates aluminum oxides oxides beryl ring silicates alumohydrocalcite carbonates betafite niobates and tantalates alunite sulfates betekhtinite sulfides amazonite alkali feldspar beudantite arsenates and sulfates amber organic minerals bideauxite chlorides and fluorides amblygonite phosphates biotite mica group amethyst