List of all identified in the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland

Ole V. Petersen

About 220 minerals have been described from the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex. A list of all minerals, for which proper documentation exists, is presented with formulae and references to original publications. The Ilímaussaq alkaline complex is the type locality for 27 minerals including important rock-forming minerals such as , arfvedsonite, eudialyte, poly- lithionite, rinkite and sodalite. Nine minerals, chalcothallite, karupmøllerite-Ca, kvanefjeldite, nabesite, nacareniobsite-(Ce), naujakasite, rohaite, semenovite and sorensenite appear to be unique to the Ilímaussaq complex.

Geological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected]

Keywords: agpaite, Ilímaussaq, inventory, minerals type locality

The agpaitic complexes Ilímaussaq (South Greenland), world. Most of the minerals for which Ilímaussaq is Khibina and Lovozero (Kola Peninsula, Russia), and the type locality have later been found in other com- Mont Saint-Hilaire (Quebec, Canada) are among the plexes of agpaitic rocks. areas in the world which are richest in rare minerals. Two minerals were described simultaneously from About 700 minerals have been found in these com- Ilímaussaq and the Kola Peninsula, and vi- plexes which hold the type localities for about 200 tusite. Tugtupite was published from the Lovozero minerals. complex by Semenov & Bykova (1960) under the name About 220 minerals have been found in the Ilímaus- beryllosodalite and from Ilímaussaq by Sørensen (1960) saq complex of which 27 have their type localities under the preliminary name sodalite which within the complex. In comparison Khibina and Lov- was changed to tugtupite in later publications (Søren- ozero hold the type localities for 127 minerals (Pekov sen 1962, 1963). Vitusite from the Ilímaussaq and Lov- 1998) and Mont Saint-Hilaire holds the type localities ozero complexes was described in a joint Danish– for 38 minerals (R.A. Gault, personal communication Russian publication (Rønsbo et al. 1979). A tetragonal 1999). form of natrolite was described from Ilímaussaq (An- The existence of a locality in South Greenland rich dersen et al. 1969) and later found at Mont Saint-Hilaire in rare minerals has been known since the beginning and given the name tetranatrolite (Chen & Chao 1980). of the 19th century when K.L. Giesecke in 1806 and This name has since been discredited by I.M.A. The 1809 visited the Kangerluarsuk and Tunulliarfik fjords approved name is gonnardite (Grice 2001). in the area now known as the Ilímaussaq alkaline com- Nine minerals to our knowledge have not been iden- plex (Giesecke 1910). Minerals collected by him were tified at other localities: chalcothallite, karupmøllerite- examined by European mineralogists resulting in the Ca, kvanefjeldite, nabesite, nacareniobsite-(Ce), nau- discovery of the then new minerals sodalite (1810), jakasite, rohaite, semenovite and sorensenite. There eudialyte (1819) and arfvedsonite (1823). Since then is, however, a specimen in the collections of the Geo- the complex has been visited by many mineralogists logical Museum, University of Copenhagen, labelled and mineral collectors. This has resulted in the dis- chalcothallite from Kazakhstan but the provenance of covery of additional new minerals and a number of this specimen is dubious. minerals known from very few other localities in the Bøggild (1905, 1953) described all the then known

Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin 190, 25–33 (2001) © GEUS 2001 25 26 27 28 29 minerals from the complex. Lists of the minerals found Bøggild, O.B. 1903: On some minerals from the nephelite-syen- in the complex have been compiled by Sørensen ite at Julianehaab, Greenland (erikite and schizolite). Med- (1967), Semenov (1969), Sørensen et al. (1981) and delelser om Grønland 26, 91–139. Bøggild, O.B. 1905: Mineralogia Groenlandica. Meddelelser om Petersen & Secher (1993). Grønland 32, 625 pp. Table 1, compiled for this anniversary volume, con- Bøggild, O.B. 1913: Ussingit, et nyt Mineral fra Kangerdluarsuk. tains all the Ilímaussaq minerals for which sufficient Meddelelser om Grønland 51, 103–110. documentation exists. Those first described from the Bøggild, O.B. 1915: Dahllit fra Kangerdluarsuk. Meddelelser om Ilímaussaq complex are indicated in bold type. Grønland 51, 435–443. Bøggild, O.B. 1933: Igalikite and naujakasite, two new minerals from South Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland 92(9), 12 pp. References Bøggild, O.B. 1953: The of Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland 149(3), 442 pp. Allan, T. 1813: Memorandums respecting some minerals from Bohse, H. & Frederiksen, J. 2001: A note on the occurrence of Greenland. Thomson’s Annals of Philosophy 1, 99–110. gold in the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland. Andersen, E.K., Danø, M. & Petersen, O.V. 1969: A tetragonal In: Sørensen, H. (ed.): The Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South natrolite [from the Ilímaussaq alkaline intrusion, South Green- Greenland: status of mineralogical research with new re- land]. Bulletin Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 79, 19 sults. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin 190, 167 only pp. (also Meddelelser om Grønland 181(10)). (this volume). Andersen, S. 1967: On beryllite and bertrandite from the Ilí- Bollingberg, H. & Petersen, O.V. 1967: Genthelvite from the maussaq alkaline intrusion, South Greenland. Bulletin Grøn- Ilímaussaq alkaline intrusion, South Greenland. Bulletin Grøn- lands Geologiske Undersøgelse 682, 11–27 (also Meddelel- lands Geologiske Undersøgelse 682, 1–9 (also Meddelelser ser om Grønland 181(4)). om Grønland 181(4)). Bøggild, O.B. 1899: In: Bøggild, O.B. & Winther, C.: On some Bondam, J. & Ferguson, J. 1962: An occurrence of villiaumite in minerals from the nephelite-syenite at Julianehaab, Green- the Ilímaussaq intrusion, South Greenland. Meddelelser om land, (epistolite, britholite, schizolite and steenstrupite), col- Grønland 172(2), 12 pp. lected by G. Flink. Meddelelser om Grønland 24, 181–213. Bondam, J. & Sørensen, H. 1958: Uraniferous nepheline syen-

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31 Khomyakov, A.P., Semenov, E.I., Voronkov, A.A. & Nechelyustov, Kola Peninsula and Polar Urals, Russia; -(Ce) – calcio-

G.N. 1983: Terskite, Na4ZrSi6O16·2H2O, a new mineral. Zapiski ancylite-(Ce) an isomorphous series. Neues Jahrbuch für Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obschestva 112, 226– Mineralogie Abhandlungen 171, 309–322. 232 (in Russian). Petersen, O.V. & Rönsbo, J.G. 1972: Semenovite – a new min- Kobell, F.v. 1838: Ueber den Arfvedsonit. Journal für praktische eral from the Ilímaussaq alkaline intrusion, south Greenland. Chemie 13, 3–8. Lithos 5, 163–173. Krivokoneva, G.K., Portnov, A.M., Semenov, Ye.I. & Dubakina, Petersen, O.V. & Secher, K. 1993: The minerals of Greenland. L.S. 1979: Komarovite – silicified pyrochlore. Doklady Mineralogical Record 24(2), 1–65. Akademii Nauk SSSR 248, 443–447 (in Russian). (Transla- Petersen, O.V., Johnsen, O., Leonardsen, E.S. & Rønsbo, J.G. tion: Doklady Earth Science Sections 248, 127–130.) 1984: Kvanefjeldite, a new mineral species from the Ilímaus- Larsen, L.M. 1976: Clinopyroxenes and coexisting mafic miner- saq alkaline complex, Southwest Greenland. Canadian Min- als from the alkaline Ilímaussaq intrusion, South Greenland. eralogist 22, 465–467. Journal of Petrology 17, 258–290. Petersen, O.V., Rønsbo, J. & Leonardsen, E. 1989: Nacareniobsite- Larsen, L.M. & Steenfelt, A. 1974: Alkali loss and retention in an (Ce), a new mineral species from the Ilímaussaq alkaline iron-rich peralkaline phonolite dyke from the Gardar prov- complex, South Greenland, and its relation to mosandrite ince, south Greenland. Lithos 7, 81–90. and the rinkite series. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie López-Soler, A., Bosch-Figueroa, J.M., Karup-Møller, S., Besteiro, Monatshefte 1989, 84–96. J. & Font-Altaba, M. 1975: Optical study of cuprostibite Petersen, O.V., Randløv, J., Leonardsen, E.S. & Rønsbo, J.G.

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32 Robles, E.R., Fontan, F., Monchoux, P., Sørensen, H. & de Dolgov, Yu.A. & Sørensen, H. 1970: A preliminary examina- Parseval, P. 2001: Hiortdahlite II from the Ilímaussaq alka- tion of fluid inclusions in nepheline, sorensenite, tugtupite line complex, South Greenland, the Tamazeght complex, and chkalovite from the Ilímaussaq alkaline intrusion, South Morocco, and the Iles de Los, Guinea. In: Sørensen, H. (ed.): Greenland. Bulletin Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 81, The Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland: status 32 pp. (also Meddelelser om Grønland 181(11)). of mineralogical research with new results. Geology of Green- Sørensen, H. 1960: Beryllium minerals in a pegmatite in the land Survey Bulletin 190, 131–137 (this volume). nepheline syenites of Ilímaussaq, South West Greenland. Rønsbo, J.G., Khomyakov, A.P., Semenov, E.I., Voronkov, A.A. 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