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International Journal of Indonesian Studies Autumn 2015 International Journal of Indonesian Studies ISSN 2203-4692 Volume 1, Issue 2, Autumn 2015 “Joko Widodo” (acrylic on 50x70cm canvas, 2014). Dewi Candraningrum When I painted Joko Widodo The portrait I painted of Joko Widodo in August 2014 was to open the story of resistance toward a general involved in the 1998 student shootings. I painted two portraitures of Wiji Thukul the previous month. 1998’s history and the massive sexual attack on Indonesian Chinese women have been denounced from official records and documents. History is written by the victors, and (her)story is written on muted walls. The politics of memory, Gesichtspolitik, has never occupied a central place in our self-understanding of national history. Poetry is a measure, an attempt, an attest, that goes beyond a genocide memorial—a national monument to victims of past conflict, mass-rape, land-grab and massive angst under the repressive Authoritarian New Order regime. Hopes for Joko Widodo are dim at present with the weakening-function of KPK under his patronage. Colors in the portrait are intended to exhibit a poetic voicelessness. Gesichtspolitik is meant to give voice to those who are being disremembered. Painting addresses the role of politics in shaping collective memory. They connect the construction of identity and monuments to justice (Surakarta, 24 February 2015). 1 Page International Journal of Indonesian Studies Autumn 2015 Contents From the Editor Yacinta Kurniasih .................................................................................................................................3 RESEARCH ARTICLES Indonesia’s Foreign Politics 1955-1965: Between decolonisation and beacon politics Haryo Kunto Wibisono,S.AP,M.AP…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….4 Homosexuality in Indonesia: Banality, Prohibition, and Migration Wisnu Adihartono….……….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….18 The Fiqh Paradigm and the Religious Justification for the Secular State: The Traditionalist Muslims and the Dutch Colonial Rulers Saefur Rochmat .……………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………...33 Politeness: Front Counter Staff in “X” Mini Market Mitha Dwi Djayanti & Ribut Wahyudi ……………………………………………………………………………………………..51 Indonesian and Translation: National Identity in the Global Border Contests Elisabet Titik Murtisari……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..70 Instructional Leadership Practices of the Excellent School Principals in Aceh, Indonesia: Managing the Instructional Program Syarwan Ahmad & Maznah Hussain…………………………………………………………………………………………………81 Diffusing Consumerism in Indonesia: A study on the Yogyakarta Consumer Institute (YCI) Abdul Rohman…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………96 Promoting Intellectual Property Securitization for Financing Creative Industry in Indonesia: Challenges and Solutions Mas Rahmah, S.H., M.H., LL.M……………………………………………………………………………………………………….110 Pesantren Literature as a Form of Ideological Discourse Countering Communism: The Representation of Communist Figures in Ahmad Tohari’s Kubah Muhammad Taufiqurrohman…………………………………………………………………………………………………………128 The Role of Community Solid Waste Management in Achieving a Sustainable Final Disposal Site, Yogyakarta Widodo Brontowiyono…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..141 ESSAYS UIN Jakarta: Islam and the West, Democracy and Education: Usep Abdul Matin………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….148 2 Page International Journal of Indonesian Studies Autumn 2015 From the Editor: To Whom It May Concern I am a daughter of Indonesian history and I believe in 1965 (A poem by Yacinta Kurniasih, September 2014) The International Journal of Indonesian Studies [IJIS] is proud to present its Autumn Issue, 2015. It has been a long-learning process for all of us in the IJIS Coordinating Editorial Board, since we launched our inaugural edition in November 2013. We are grateful for everyone’s patience as our “baby” overcomes the first and admittedly faltering steps in its development.There are of course many people to thank. We thank firstly our contributors who are mostly early career researchers, Phd students, and even ‘first timers’ to publish their work in English. We also thank our reviewers, without whom we could not begin to consolidate the academic credentials and integrity of IJIS. The Autumn Issue again presents a variety of subjects in the field of contemporary Indonesian Studies: political history, linguistics, Islam and democracy, gay issues, the environment, education, intellectual property securitization, consumerism and literary and translation studies. We are particularly proud to present the study of the ‘gay Indonesian migrant’, as we feel it is an important, rare and encouraging contribution to a fairly marginalized discourse. And, congratulations to all contributors for whom English may well be their second, third and sometimes even fourth language. We are again very appreciative of the artistic contribution made by Dewi Candraningrum. The basic philosophy of IJIS remains its commitment to promoting and helping disseminate new Indonesian scholarship especially from early career researchers and/or Indonesian scholars seeking opportunities to publish in English in a peer-reviewed journal. Again, we sincerely welcome your submissions and ask potential contributors to closely adhere to the IJIS formatting guidelines. We have had to ‘indulge’ some variations in formatting, citation and referencing techniques for this second issue and we trust our readership will be patient with us and our contributors as this element of IJIS is more stringently addressed in forthcoming issues. We are very pleased to welcome Dr Howard Manns (Monash University) and Dr Elisabet Titik Murtisari (Satya Wacana University) as members of the IJIS Coordinating Editorial Board. Finally, we ask for your support firstly in disseminating news of IJIS’s Autumn Issue through your networks; second, in constructive critique of this collaborative project; third, and most importantly, contributing your work for publication in future issues. Ms Yacinta Kurniasih, Dr Matthew Piscioneri, Dr. Roby Marlina and Dr. Baiq Wardhani Again, we especially thank the reviewers of the papers included in the Autumn issue of IJIS. You know who you are and we invite expressions of interest from others in reviewing for IJIS. [email protected] Special Acknowledgements: Elisabet Murtisari Howard Manns Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Australia 3 Page International Journal of Indonesian Studies Autumn 2015 Indonesia’s Foreign Politics 1955-1965: Between Decolonisation and Beacon Politics Haryo Kunto Wibisono,S.AP,M.AP Biodata: Haryo Kunto Wibisono, S.A,M.AP is an independent scholar. His research interests are Indonesian studies and Asia-Africa studies. His email is [email protected] Abstract In Indonesian historiography, the period 1955-1965 was marked by the leadership of Ir. Soekarno facing the “end of parliamentary democracy chaos”. The prevailing spirit of the period was to build a new Indonesia after acknowledgement of its sovereignty, especially to organise Asian-African-Latin Americans nations to balance the Western-Eastern Bloc. A foreign political experiment was designed by Ir. Soekarno and nationalist/Communist groups through their important posts in Indonesia’s Government. It was a main factor in how Indonesia’s foreign politics sought/were able to gain international acknowledgement. The aim of this paper is to explain why Indonesia was chosen as a new power between the Eastern and Western Bloc in 1955-1965. It also examines the internal conditions of Indonesia when holding this line in foreign politics. Finally, the paper assesses what were the risks of these choices. Keywords: Ir.Soekarno’s Leadership, Indonesian Foreign Policy, Decolonisation, Cold War Introduction In his book titled, A short history of Indonesia: the unlikely nation? Brown (2003) explained that in January 1950, while Indonesia was politically independent, questions posed at the outset of the revolution concerning its aims and its methods remained largely unresolved in the eyes of many Indonesians. For some national leaders, the revolution had meant a change of regime, a change from Dutch rule to Indonesian rule, but little else. These leaders considered that the revolution was over, and the task now facing the government and the state was one of rebuilding Indonesia’s political, economic and social bases. After Independence Day, August 17th, 1945, Indonesia had not been directly acknowledged by other countries, especially the former colonial Dutch. Moreover, European powers had even formed the Allies/NICA (Netherland Indies Civil Administration) to occupy their former colonies and to regain the Netherland Indies with Dutch Polisionale Actie Campaigne (also known as Operation Kraai ["Operation Crow"]) resulting in Indonesia’s focus at that early stage of independence on defensive warfare vis a vis the Dutch/Allies. Thus, during 1945-1949, the Indonesian Government focused on diplomatic strategies for many agreements, such as Linggarjati, Roem-Royen, Renville, until the Round Table Conference/KMB (Konferensi Meja Bundar) that took place in Den Hague on December 27th 1949. As the result, Indonesia gained much international sympathy and de facto acknowledgement from Great Britain, the United States of America, Australia, China, India, Iran, although Syria and Egypt were first to acknowledge Indonesian independence de jure (Snit, 1986, 23-25). 4 Page
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  • 28 Tohari's Women the Depiction of Banyumas

    28 Tohari's Women the Depiction of Banyumas

    Proceedings TOHARI'S WOMEN THE DEPICTION OF BANYUMAS WOMEN IN AHMAD TOHARI'S LITERARY WORKS Dhenok Praptiningrum Institut Teknologi Telkom Purwokerto, Purwokerto [email protected] Abstract: As part of Javanese culture, Banyumas actually has its particular Javanese social and cultural characteristics. The social structure and culture, especially related to the position and the definition of women, are reflected in Ahmad Tohari's literary works. In some of his literary works such as Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk (The Dancer) and Bekisar Merah (The Red Bekisar) Tohari even portraits Banyumas women as the main characters of the novel. Both in Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk and Bekisar Merah, the women characthers depicted in figure of strong and powerful women. Meanwhile, Lingkar Tanah Air and Kubah portrait women characters almost in the opposite figure of piety and submissive women. Thus, this paper would analyze the depiction of Banyumas women in Tohari's four novels to provide specific descriptions of Banyumas women archetype from the perspectives of religious life, the role in a family, and the role as a woman in a society. Keywords: Banyumas women, Ahmad Tohari, women depiction, women archetype, Indonesian literature INTRODUCTION There have been various kind of studies about Javanese culture and Indonesian literary works. However, the studies mainly focus on the idea of Javanese in general that build the idea of Javanese culture, especially women archetype, as particular one kind of Javanese idea. As part of Javanese culture, Banyumas is geographically located in Central Java, in fact has its own specific Javanese culture, value, even accents. Thus, this study focuses on the idea of Banyumas culture reflected in three novels written by Ahmad Tohari, Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk – The Dancer (1982), Bekisar Merah – The Red Bekisar (1993), and Kubah – The Dome (1980).