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THE HISTORY of the GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT of the BIG ISLAMIC ORGANIZATIONS in INDONESIA (A Study on Muhammadiyah, Nahdhatul Ulama and Al-Jam'iyatul Washliyah)

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THE HISTORY of the GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT of the BIG ISLAMIC ORGANIZATIONS in INDONESIA (A Study on Muhammadiyah, Nahdhatul Ulama and Al-Jam'iyatul Washliyah) 149 The History of Growth and Development THE HISTORY OF THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE BIG ISLAMIC ORGANIZATIONS IN INDONESIA (A Study on Muhammadiyah, Nahdhatul Ulama and Al-Jam'iyatul washliyah) By: Junaidi Arsyad Jurusan Pendidikan Agama Islam UIN Sumatera Utara, Medan E-mail:[email protected] ABSTRAK Salah satu tujuan didirikannya organisasi Islam besar di Indonesia oleh para pemimpin muslim sebagai upaya bersama melawan penjajahan. Sekaligus juga berusaha memajukan bangsa Indonesia melalui pendidikan yang dikelola oleh organisasi. Semua asosiasi dan organisasi bertujuan untuk mempromosikan Islam dan keluar dari belenggu dan cengkeraman penjajah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik, yaitu bekerja dengan cara mengumpulkan dari sumber bahan bacaan yang ada, kemudian membuat kerangka tertulis sesuai dengan metode yang diinginkan, kemudian ditemukan informasi tentang tumbuh kembang organisasi Islam besar di Indonesia antara lain Muhammadiyah, Nahdhatul. Ulama dan Al- Jam'iyatul Washliyah. Kata Kunci: Pertumbuhan, Perkembangan, Organisasi Islam ABSTRACT One of the goals of the establishment of a large Islamic organization in Indonesia by Muslim leaders as a joint effort to fight against colonialism. At the same time also trying to advance the Indonesian nation through education managed by the organization. All associations and organizations aim to promote Islam and get out of the shackles and clutches of the invaders. This research uses analytical descriptive method, which works by collecting from the source of existing reading materials, then create a written framework as desired in the method, then found information about the growth and development of large Islamic organizations in Indonesia, among others Muhammadiyah, Nahdhatul Ulama and Al-Jam'iyatul Washliyah. Keywords: Growth, Development, Islamic Organization ITQAN, Vol. 11, No.1, Jan-June 2020 Junaidi Arsyad 150 INTRODUCTION The emergence of large Islamic organizations in Indonesia originated from the growing attitudes of patriotism and nationalism as well as a reaction to the conditions that occurred in Indonesian society at the end of the 19th century, which experienced a complete stagnation in the struggle for independence from all forms of colonialism and Dutch colonial hegemony by forming an organization as an initial step towards the realization of national and state awareness to escape from the shackles of colonialism (Enung & Fenti, 2006: 79). By persevering and sacrificing life and property, through this organization, Muslims contributed greatly to the struggle for independence for the Indonesian nation. The Muslims through this organization in turn will have a big share in the struggle for independence. With persistence and requiring a lot of sacrifice of life and property, many heroes who died in the battlefield as the nation's mainstay. From this Islamic organization, the attitude and sense of nationalism among the people can be grown and developed through education (Hasbullah, 1996: 91). The spirit of struggle of these Islamic figures then formed a kind of association of Islamic movements which originally intended to fight with the people against the colonialists, as well as trying to advance the nation through education which they later fought for. Even though there are many Islamic associations and organizations, the basis remains Islam, which aims to advance Islam and seize independence from colonialists. Among the many births of Islamic associations and organizations, in this paper, the author will only present three major Islamic organizations in Indonesia starting from Muhammadiyah (1912), Nahdhatul Ulama (1926), and Al-Jam'iyatul Washliyah (1930). From the three organizations, he will present a systematization starting from the growth, development and thinking of the three large organizations. RESEARCH METHOD The method used in this research is a descriptive method, according to Moh. Nazir, the descriptive method is a method that examines a group of people, an object, a set of conditions, as well as a system of thought as well as a class of events in the present which aims to describe a phenomenon, picture or painting systematically, factually and accurately against facts. In fact, the characteristics and relationships between the phenomena studied (Moh. Nazir, 1988: 63), this research describes the growth and development ITQAN, Vol. 11, No.1, Jan-June 2020 151 The History of Growth and Development of major Islamic organizations in Indonesia, including Muhammadiyah, Nahdhatul Ulama and Al-Jam'iyatul. Washliyah. The steps taken in this research are starting from selecting and formulating problems, determining objectives, providing limitation of the area or scope of research, tracing and collecting literature sources related to the growth and development of major Islamic organizations in Indonesia, which is then given an interpretation. and a description of the research results in written form as presented in this paper (Moh. Nazir, 1988: 73-74). RESEARCH FINDINGS Growth and Development of Muhammadiyah (1912) As it is known that the Muhammadiyah organization is the largest Islamic social forum engaged in the social sector characterized by Islam. Geographically and ethnically, the membership is very wide spread throughout the archipelago. Even today, Muhammadiyah is present in Indonesia's territory and has branches in several Asean countries, although the relationship between them and their parent in Indonesia is more aspirational than instructive (Masnun, 2001: 252). As an Islamic organization since its inception, it has concentrated its movement substantially in the Islamic movement and preaching amar ma'ruf nahi munkar in a broad sense, namely inviting people to be Muslim, straightening Muslim Islam and improving the quality of their lives both intellectually, socially, economically and politics (Ma'arif, 1995: 10). Based on the official website of Muhammadiyah, Muhammadiyah was founded by KH Ahmad Dahlan in Kauman Village, Yogyakarta on the 8th of Dzulhijjah 1330 H / 18 November 1912. Muhammadiyah itself comes from the Arabic language "Muhammad" which is the name of the last Prophet, then got 'ya nisbah' which means type. So Muhammadiyah means Muhammad's followers or Muhammad's followers. The goal is to uphold and uphold the religion of Islam, so that the real Islamic community can be realized (muhammadiyah.or.id). Muhammadiyah association was established to support KH. Ahmad Dahlan to purify Islamic teachings which are considered to be heavily influenced by mystical things. Initially, this activity also had a da'wah base for women and young people in the form of the Sidratul Muntaha recitation. In addition, the role in education was manifested in the establishment of primary and secondary schools, known as Hooge School Muhammadiyah ITQAN, Vol. 11, No.1, Jan-June 2020 Junaidi Arsyad 152 and subsequently changed its name to Kweek School Muhammadiyah (now known as Madrasah Mu'allimin for boys, which is located in Patang Puluhan District Wirobrajan and Mu. 'allimat Muhammadiyah for women, in Suronatan Yogyakarta). During the leadership of Ahmad Dahlan (1912-1923), Muhammadiyah's influence was limited to residencies such as: Yogyakarta, Surakarta, Pekalongan, and Pekajangan, the present Pekalongan area. Apart from Yogya, Muhammadiyah branches were established in these cities in 1922. In 1925, Abdul Karim Amrullah brought Muhammadiyah to West Sumatra by opening a branch in Sungai Batang, Agam. Within a relatively short time, the Muhammadiyah wave had spread throughout West Sumatra, and from this area Muhammadiyah then moved throughout Sumatra, Sulawesi and Kalimantan. In 1938, Muhammadiyah had spread throughout Indonesia. There is also a special women's organization called Aisyiyah. Muhammadiyah is an Islamic movement, preaching amar ma'ruf nahi munkar, has Islamic flavor and is based on the Koran and hadith. The Muhammadiyah movement intends to emulate and emulate the footsteps of the struggle of the Prophet Muhammad, in order to uphold and uphold the Islamic religion solely for the realization of 'Izzul Islam wal Muslims, the glory of Islam as an ideal and the glory of life as reality. The main factor that led to the establishment of Muhammadiyah was the result of KH Ahmad Dahlan's in-depth study of the Koran in examining, discussing, researching and studying its contents. In Surah Ali Imran verse 104 it is said that: "And there should be among you all the people who call on virtue, tell the good and prevent the evil, they are the lucky ones". Understanding the call, KH Ahmad Dahlan was moved to build an orderly and tidy association, organization or association whose task is to serve in the implementation of the mission of Islamic preaching amar ma'ruf nahi munkar in the community (muhammadiyah.or.id). Muhammadiyah Development in Indonesia 1. Vertical Development In terms of vertical development, Muhammadiyah has grown to all corners of the country. However, compared to the development of the NU organization, Muhammadiyah is a little behind. It can be seen that the NU congregation is more than the Muhammadiyah congregation. The main factor can be seen from the point of view of Muhammadiyah's efforts to eradicate ingrained customs among the people, so that the community encounters many challenges. ITQAN, Vol. 11, No.1, Jan-June 2020 153 The History of Growth and Development With a tolerant attitude and sincere devotion and high aggressiveness, the growth and development of Muhammadiyah is faster and neatly organized,
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