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Mythology and the Belief System of Sunda Wiwitan: a Theological Review in Cisolok of Sukabumi Regency of West Java, Indonesia

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Mythology and the Belief System of Sunda Wiwitan: a Theological Review in Cisolok of Sukabumi Regency of West Java, Indonesia International Journal of Research and Review Vol.7; Issue: 4; April 2020 Website: www.ijrrjournal.com Research Paper E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237 Mythology and the Belief System of Sunda Wiwitan: A Theological Review in Cisolok of Sukabumi Regency of West Java, Indonesia Tita Rostitawati Department of Philosophy, State Islamic University of Sultan Amai Gorontalo, Indonesia ABSTRACT beliefs that are based on ideas in the teachings of ancestors or spirits. There are This study examined the mythology and belief several villages in West Java, which are systems adopted by the Sunda Wiwitan manifestations of the existence of community that were factually related to the indigenous peoples in Indonesia. credo system that was considered sacred in a The existence of traditional villages belief. Researcher in collecting data using interviews, observation, and literature review is a special attraction for the community methods. The process of data analysis was done because there is a unique culture and is with qualitative data analysis techniques. In the different from the others, such as the process of analyzing research data, the Sundanese people in the Cisolok village of researcher organized data, grouped data, and Sukabumi Regency. Human life requires a analyzed narratively. The results showed that belief in which the belief is in the form of the Sunda Wiwitan belief system worshiped religious teachings or views that, according ancestral spirits as an elevated entity. Aside to the community, are considered good and from worshiping ancestors, Sunda Wiwitan also true. In Cisolok of Sukabumi Regency, there had a God who was often called Sang Hyang are cultural and traditional elements that are Kersa. Adherents of Sunda Wiwitan live still thick with religious nuances and various modestly, only to be able to work in the fields, grew rice, with peace and prosperity. Sunda other local wisdom. Values and norms are Wiwitan religion expresses symbolic meanings very well respected by the community and in the socio-cultural relations and cosmology of have a peculiarity that is indicated by a high Sundanese nature. level of tolerance among the people. Sunda wiwitan (original Sundanese) Keywords: Mythology, Belief System. Sunda is a belief or worship of the forces of nature Wiwitan, Theology and ancestral spirits (animism and dynamism) that are adhered to by INTRODUCTION Sundanese traditional society (Ekadjati, Indonesia is an archipelago that 1995). [2] According to Djatikusumah consists of many islands with a very diverse (2002), [3] Sundanese can be interpreted with society, diverse tribes, races, languages, three basic concepts, namely: a) [1] cultures, customs, and religions. An philosophical, which means clean, beautiful, ethnic group is a group of people who are good, light, b) ethnic that refers to a related by awareness and identity. It is proof community like other communities, and c) that Indonesia is a country with a very geography that refers to the naming of an diverse society, so it is a concrete example area. In this case, it is distinguished by the of a multicultural country in the world. term Sundanese which includes large Diversity in Indonesia is also a factor islands in Indonesia (then the Archipelago) underlying the variety of religions embraced such as Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, and by the community. It includes the flow of International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 167 Vol.7; Issue: 4; April 2020 Tita Rostitawati. Mythology and the belief system of Sunda Wiwitan: a theological review in cisolok of Sukabumi regency of West Java, Indonesia small Sundanese, which include Bali, Allah (God Almighty) must be worshiped. Sumbawa, Lombok, Flores, and others. [6] The belief in Sunda wiwitan is also The Sunda Wiwitan teachings are evidenced by the existence of contained in the Sanghyang Siksakanda archaeological findings in various regions, Karesian book, a book that originated from such as the Cipari site in Kuningan the Sunda kingdom era, which provides Regency, the Arca Domas site in Kanekes religious teachings and moral guidance, of Lebak Regency, and the most rules, and lessons of Hindu character. Based phenomenal site of the Padang Mountain in on the information of Kokolot (elder) Cianjur Regency. These findings indicate Cikeusik Sunda Wiwitan is not a Hindu or that the early Sundanese had a belief system Buddhist, but an animist, a belief that (Indrawardana, 2014). [4] worships the spirits of the ancestors. Only in The origins of Sunda Wiwitan were its development, has this belief been entered not known for certain dates, but Sunda into Hindu elements. [7] In the Parahyangan Wiwitan people believe that the early story, this belief was referred to as the humans, the Prophet Adam, was Bedouin. 'Jatisunda' teaching. This research analyzed They think that the Prophet Adam was their the mythology and belief systems adopted ancestor. In the belief of the Bedouin tribe, by the Sunda Wiwitan community in Sunda Wiwitan is a teaching that was Cisolok of Sukabumi Regency, which are brought by the Prophet Adam as the first factually related to the credo system that is human being sent down on earth to enjoy all considered sacred in a belief. its contents and maintain well by not damaging the earth and all its contents LITERATURE REVIEW (Thaufan, 2015). [5] Religion and Culture Sundanese people believe that the Religion is often understood as a founder of the religion or belief of Sunda source of real images of the world. Religion Wiwitan is Madrais whose full name is is believed to originate from revelations Madrais Sadewa Alibasa Kusuma Widjaya revealed to all humans. Anthropologists call Ningrat, who lived around 1832-1939. religion as a religious system. Anthropology Madrais is actually the name of the is a science that also views the religious pesantren, which he founded in Cigugur, system as something that must be possessed which has now become Paseban. His father by every human being. The religious system was Prince Alibasa, grandson of Prince is one element of culture. In Anthropology, Sutajaya, son-in-law of Prince Kasepuhan, the religious order is one of the seven the eighth descendant of GunungDjati. aspects of universal culture, namely: Madrais was transformed into a person who language, knowledge systems, social had a sense of sensitivity, refinement, social organizations, systems of living equipment care, had a great love for culture, and and technology, systems of livelihoods, arts, upholds the nation's sovereignty. He taught and the religious system itself. [8] Islam to the people and taught the Element of universal culture is an importance of life as an independent and element that is sure to exist in all cultures in loving person. He explained the religion of the world. A culture that is very simple to Islam delivered in Java-Sunda writings, even a very complicated culture certainly namely writing ha, na, ca, ra, ka, etcetera, has seven aspects of that universal culture. so that the invaders did not know that he [1] It means the religious system must exist was spreading Islam. In this way, the in every culture in the world, and also exists teachings of Madrais are called Java-Sunda and is inseparable from the cultures that religion or what is now Sunda Wiwitan. spread throughout Indonesia. However, at this time, the teachings of However, the religious system in Madrais are pure monotheism where only Indonesia is not only one, two, or three. International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 168 Vol.7; Issue: 4; April 2020 Tita Rostitawati. Mythology and the belief system of Sunda Wiwitan: a theological review in cisolok of Sukabumi regency of West Java, Indonesia Indonesia has hundreds of tribal groups, and all members of the community in their daily tribal groups spread across the archipelago lives. The second form of culture is all and have their religious systems that have actions with a regular pattern of all been owned for generations long before members of society. It has been arranged in Indonesia's independence and even further a social system that is born from the ideas before that. In ancient times, the religious they have agreed on. Unlike the first form, system that was believed and adhered by the the pattern of human action is something ancestors of the Indonesian people was that can be captured by the five human animism (the flow of beliefs and worship of senses and is not an abstract thing. ancestral spirits) and dynamism (the flow of The third form of culture is the beliefs and worship of objects that were objects that result from the actions or considered to have supernatural powers) activities of the people who walk every day. which was very familiar heard until now. The third form of culture is in the form of Animism and dynamism are generalizations concrete objects created by the public. It to the religious system of Indonesia's consists of computers, pencils, paper, ancestors in the past. Still, the sub-elements clothes, pants, cabinets, guitars, mosques, of religion that exist in every culture in churches, and many more objects that have Indonesia are different and have their been created by the community that is made characteristics in each group. to help him through his daily activities. Parsons and Kroeber sharply The three forms of culture are distinguish cultural forms as a system of related to one another. The ideas of the ideas and concepts from cultural forms as mind that were born and agreed upon by the patterns and actions of human activity. community will then become a life guide Based on this, Koentjaraningrat divides that will and must be obeyed. All the actions culture into three forms. First, the form of of community members are regulated and culture as a complex of ideas, values, determined in their social systems that norms, rules, and so on.
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