Roman Archaeology and Art

ARCH 0520 ROMAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND ART Finals Image Pool Pre-Midterm Veii temple (late 6th cent. BC) cella column stairs pronaos ‘Apollo’ of Veii, ca. 500 BC Tomb of Hunting and Fishing Tarquinia, late 6th cent. BC Tomb of the Bulls, Tarquinia, ca. 540 BC Achilles (L), and Troilus ( R) Tomb of the Augurs Tarquinia, ca. 530 BC ‘Brutus’ 1st cent. BC bronze Orator (L’Arringatore) 1st cent. BC; bronze ‘Aulus Metellus’ Romulus and Remus Capitoline Wolf ca. 500 BC bronze Sarcophagus of L. Scipio Barbatus ca. 200 B.C Via Appia (Appian Way) after Appius Claudius Caecus Republican period Capitolium, Capitoline Triad Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, Juno, Minerva ca. 500 BC ‘Round Temple’, or Temple of Hercules Victor early 1st cent. BC Temple of Fortuna Virilis (Manly Fortune, Courageous Fortune) aka Temple of Portunus (late 2nd cent. BC) s n Ionic m order u l podium o c d e g a g n e frontal emphasis Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia (‘First Born Fortune’) Praeneste (Palestrina) 2nd cent. BC Pompey ‘the Great’ ca. 55 BC Late Republic verism, veristic 1st century BC portraiture Prima Porta Augustus ca. 20 BC marble copy of bronze original 2.04 m tall Augustus as imperator Prima Porta Augustus cuirass (= breastplate) Augustus as priest as ‘pontifex maximus’ Rules as Augustus from 27 BC to AD 14 Ara Pacis Augustae Consecrated 13 BC Finished in 9 BC 34’L x 38’ W x 23’ H Ara Pacis Augustae Interior ‘Tellus’ (fertility figure) aka Mother Earth, Venus, Italia, Pax Ara Pacis Augustae Ara Pacis Augustae Pious Aeneas, sacrificing; Ascanius/Iulus (son) Ara Pacis Augustae Procession: Augustus, priests, senators…. Procession: priests, senators, the imperial family Ara Pacis Augustae Horologium, or Solarium Augusti (Sundial of Augustus), dedicated 10 BC Forum of Augustus (late 1st BC); Temple of Mars Ultor (Mars the Avenger) Mars Ultor, Venus, Divus (Divine) Julius Romulus Aeneas, and s ) u n Julian family m e m m i t v s i e r i b ( ( b i r e i s v t i m m e m n u ) s Mausoleum of Augustus, 25 BC In Campus Martius, near Ara Pacis, Horologium Gemma Augustea (early 1st AD); 7.5”x9”; cameo Nero, AD 54-68 Claudius as Jupiter ca. AD 50 Domus Aurea, AD 64-68 courtyard; fountain (‘Golden House’ of Nero) dining room Severus; Celer bedrooms octagonal room oculus courtyard Vespasian (AD 69-79) Flavian Amphitheater (Colosseum) AD 72-80 Arch of Titus, ca. AD 81 Triumph of Titus Arch of Titus, ca. AD 81 Spoils of Jerusalem Arch of Titus, ca. AD 81 Cancellaria Reliefs (AD 80-90) Domitian/Nerva, off to war (profectio) Trajan (AD 98-117) Arch of Trajan at Beneventum (Benevento) (AD 114-117) alimentaria (food distribution) • Arch of Trajan, at Beneventum/Benevento (AD 114-117) subjection of Mesopotamia Hadrian (AD 117-138) Antinous, lover of Hadrian (dead and deified, AD 130) • Antoninus PIUS, AD 138-161 • Column of Antoninus Pius (AD 161) Located in Campus Martius • Marcus Aurelius (AD 161-180) Equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius AD 164-166 Commodus (AD 180-192) Temple of Venus and Roma, dedicated AD 135 Pantheon, AD 125-128 Pantheon, AD 125-128 Hadrian’s Villa at Tivoli (AD 118-134) Canal/Canopus Mausoleum of Hadrian (Castel Sant’Angelo) Finished AD 140 214’ diameter.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Ancient Rome
A History of Knowledge Oldest Knowledge What the Jews knew What the Sumerians knew What the Christians knew What the Babylonians knew Tang & Sung China What the Hittites knew What the Japanese knew What the Persians knew What the Muslims knew What the Egyptians knew The Middle Ages What the Indians knew Ming & Manchu China What the Chinese knew The Renaissance What the Greeks knew The Industrial Age What the Phoenicians knew The Victorian Age What the Romans knew The Modern World What the Barbarians knew 1 What the Romans knew Piero Scaruffi 2004 "We declare, proclaim and define that subjection to the Roman authority is absolutely necessary for the salvation of every human creature" (Pope Boniface, 1302) 2 What the Romans knew • Bibliography – Henri Sierlin: The Roman Empire (2002 – David Abulafia: The Mediterranean in History (2003) – Duby & Perrot: A History of Women in the West vol 1 (1992) – John Norwich: A short history of Byzantium (1995) – Kevin Butcher: Roman Syria (2003) – Tomlinson: Greek And Roman Architecture (1995) – Giovanni Becatti: The Art of Ancient Greece and Rome (1968) – Marvin Tameanko: Monumental Coins (1999) – Will Durant: Caesar and Christ (1944) 3 The Villanovans • 1000 BC: Iron civilization lives in northern Italy, probably not Indo-European • Cremation of the dead, and urns for ashes • 1000 BC: Indo-Europeans invade northern Italy 4 The Etruscans • 850 BC: Middle-eastern people (Villanovans?) settle inTuscany • 750 BC: first Etruscan inscriptions • Only one manuscript survives • Not Indo-European • Confederation
[Show full text]
VESPASIAN. AD 68, Though Not a Particularly Constructive Year For
138 VESPASIAN. AD 68, though not a particularly constructive year for Nero, was to prove fertile ground for senators lion the make". Not that they were to have the time to build anything much other than to carve out a niche for themselves in the annals of history. It was not until the dust finally settled, leaving Vespasian as the last contender standing, that any major building projects were to be initiated under Imperial auspices. However, that does not mean that there is nothing in this period that is of interest to this study. Though Galba, Otho and Vitellius may have had little opportunity to indulge in any significant building activity, and probably given the length and nature of their reigns even less opportunity to consider the possibility of building for their future glory, they did however at the very least use the existing imperial buildings to their own ends, in their own ways continuing what were by now the deeply rooted traditions of the principate. Galba installed himself in what Suetonius terms the palatium (Suet. Galba. 18), which may not necessarily have been the Golden House of Nero, but was part at least of the by now agglomerated sprawl of Imperial residences in Rome that stretched from the summit of the Palatine hill across the valley where now stands the Colosseum to the slopes of the Oppian, and included the Golden House. Vitellius too is said to have used the palatium as his base in Rome (Suet. Vito 16), 139 and is shown by Suetonius to have actively allied himself with Nero's obviously still popular memory (Suet.
[Show full text]
Domitian's Arae Incendii Neroniani in New Flavian Rome
Rising from the Ashes: Domitian’s Arae Incendii Neroniani in New Flavian Rome Lea K. Cline In the August 1888 edition of the Notizie degli Scavi, profes- on a base of two steps; it is a long, solid rectangle, 6.25 m sors Guliermo Gatti and Rodolfo Lanciani announced the deep, 3.25 m wide, and 1.26 m high (lacking its crown). rediscovery of a Domitianic altar on the Quirinal hill during These dimensions make it the second largest public altar to the construction of the Casa Reale (Figures 1 and 2).1 This survive in the ancient capital. Built of travertine and revet- altar, found in situ on the southeast side of the Alta Semita ted in marble, this altar lacks sculptural decoration. Only its (an important northern thoroughfare) adjacent to the church inscription identifies it as an Ara Incendii Neroniani, an altar of San Andrea al Quirinale, was not unknown to scholars.2 erected in fulfillment of a vow made after the great fire of The site was discovered, but not excavated, in 1644 when Nero (A.D. 64).7 Pope Urban VIII (Maffeo Barberini) and Gianlorenzo Bernini Archaeological evidence attests to two other altars, laid the foundations of San Andrea al Quirinale; at that time, bearing identical inscriptions, excavated in the sixteenth the inscription was removed to the Vatican, and then the and seventeenth centuries; the Ara Incendii Neroniani found altar was essentially forgotten.3 Lanciani’s notes from May on the Quirinal was the last of the three to be discovered.8 22, 1889, describe a fairly intact structure—a travertine block Little is known of the two other altars; one, presumably altar with remnants of a marble base molding on two sides.4 found on the Vatican plain, was reportedly used as building Although the altar’s inscription was not in situ, Lanciani refers material for the basilica of St.
[Show full text]
The Book of Revelation the Recipients the Author
The Book of Revelation The Recipients The Author Internal Evidence External Evidence • “John” (1:1, 4, 9; 22:8) • Justin Martyr, Dialogue with • A Jewish Christian Trypho 81 (155 AD) • Written by John • Familiar with OT • Apocalyptic genre was • Irenaeus, Against Heresies mainly Jewish 5:30:3 (180 AD) • Familiar with the Temple • At the end of Domitian’s reign • Allusions to Palestine • Eusebius, Ecclesiastical • Semitizing Greek History 6:25 (320 AD) • Gospel, Revelation, 3 epistles 1st Century Roman Emperors • Augustus – 27 BC-AD 14 • Vitellius – April 69-Dec. 69 • Tiberius – AD 14-37 • Vespasian – Dec. 69-June 79 • Caligula – AD 37-41 • Titus – AD 79-81 • Claudius – AD 41-54 • Domitian – AD 81-96 • Nero – AD 54-68 • Nerva AD 96-98 • Galba – June 68-Jan. 69 • TraJan – AD 98-117 • Otho – Jan. 69-April 69 Interpretive Schemes • Historical-Background: Rome is the enemy; they will fall; all who follow in the pattern of Rome will liKely fall; advantage is it fits context best • Continuous Historical: Events occur in successive eras of the Christian future; main antagonist is the RCC; weaKnesses are subjectivity and irrelevance to original readers • Historical & Preterist: Connects to destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD; Roman persecution in the mid-60s by Nero • Futurist/Premillennial: Yet still future events; haphazardly applied to any and all current events of the interpreter; has repeatedly been discredited due to failed predictions, flawed theology, and poor applications of Scripture The Date • Early Date: early/mid-60’s AD • Conflict with Jews (contra 17:1, 9, 18; 18:11, 19) • Conflict with Rome: persecution under Nero • Late Date: late 90’s AD • Conflict with Rome: persecution under Domitian • Conflict with Rome: imperial cult in Asia Minor • Middle Date? • e.g., Jim McGuiggan, The Bible Speaks Today Commentary on Revelation Christian Persecution by Nero "But all human efforts, all the lavish gifts of the emperor, and the propitiations of the gods, did not banish the sinister belief that the conflagration was the result of an order.
[Show full text]
Nordlit 33, 2014 TOMBA DEI TORI at TARQUINIA
TOMBA DEI TORI AT TARQUINIA: A RITUAL READING J. Rasmus Brandt Introduction: the Tomba dei Tori One of the best known, but also among the most enigmatic tombs at Tarquinia, is the so- called Tomba dei Tori (Tomb of the Bulls), dated to about 540–530 BC.1 It contains a series of paintings of different thematic content including two erotic scenes, which from a modern point of view have either been ignored or considered shameless and not congruent with death and funerary practices. In this article modern morale shall not be discussed, rather funerary rituals in an Etruscan setting. The tomb was of the tumulus type with a long, stepped dromos descending into the calcareous bedrock, ending in a large rectangular funerary chamber (A) (4.31 x 4.52 m, H. 2.52 m) with a saddle roof. In the back wall two doors opened into two smaller, parallel chambers, also with saddle roofs: to the left (B) (3.47 x 2.52 m, H. 2.10 m), to the right (C) (3.26 x 2.52 m, H. 2.00 m). The back wall of chamber A was decorated with four zones of paintings, one above the other, two panels (1–2) between the doors to chambers B and C, a band above the doors across the whole width of the room (3), and on top the pediment/tympanon area created by the saddle roof (4) (Fig. 1):2 1. Bottom panel (dado) (Figs 1–2): Simply sketched trees with stem and branches with and without foliage; wreaths and ribbons hang from the branches.
[Show full text]
The Imperial Cult and the Individual
THE IMPERIAL CULT AND THE INDIVIDUAL: THE NEGOTIATION OF AUGUSTUS' PRIVATE WORSHIP DURING HIS LIFETIME AT ROME _______________________________________ A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Department of Ancient Mediterranean Studies at the University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy _____________________________________________________ by CLAIRE McGRAW Dr. Dennis Trout, Dissertation Supervisor MAY 2019 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled THE IMPERIAL CULT AND THE INDIVIDUAL: THE NEGOTIATION OF AUGUSTUS' PRIVATE WORSHIP DURING HIS LIFETIME AT ROME presented by Claire McGraw, a candidate for the degree of doctor of philosophy, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. _______________________________________________ Professor Dennis Trout _______________________________________________ Professor Anatole Mori _______________________________________________ Professor Raymond Marks _______________________________________________ Professor Marcello Mogetta _______________________________________________ Professor Sean Gurd DEDICATION There are many people who deserve to be mentioned here, and I hope I have not forgotten anyone. I must begin with my family, Tom, Michael, Lisa, and Mom. Their love and support throughout this entire process have meant so much to me. I dedicate this project to my Mom especially; I must acknowledge that nearly every good thing I know and good decision I’ve made is because of her. She has (literally and figuratively) pushed me to achieve this dream. Mom has been my rock, my wall to lean upon, every single day. I love you, Mom. Tom, Michael, and Lisa have been the best siblings and sister-in-law. Tom thinks what I do is cool, and that means the world to a little sister.
[Show full text]
Rodolfo Lanciani, the Ruins and Excavations of Ancient Rome, 1897, P
10/29/2010 1 Primus Adventus ad Romam Urbem Aeternam Your First Visit to Rome The Eternal City 2 Accessimus in Urbe AeternA! • Welcome, traveler! Avoiding the travails of the road, you arrived by ship at the port of Ostia; from there, you’ve had a short journey up the Via Ostiensis into Roma herself. What do you see there? 3 Quam pulchra est urbs aeterna! • What is there to see in Rome? • What are some monuments you have heard of? • How old are the buildings in Rome? • How long would it take you to see everything important? 4 Map of Roma 5 The Roman Forum • “According to the Roman legend, Romulus and Tatius, after the mediation of the Sabine women, met on the very spot where the battle had been fought, and made peace and an alliance. The spot, a low, damp, grassy field, exposed to the floods of the river Spinon, took the name of “Comitium” from the verb coire, to assemble. It is possible that, in consequence of the alliance, a road connecting the Sabine and the Roman settlements was made across these swamps; it became afterwards the Sacra Via…. 6 The Roman Forum • “…Tullus Hostilius, the third king, built a stone inclosure on the Comitium, for the meeting of the Senators, named from him Curia Hostilia; then came the state prison built by Ancus Marcius in one of the quarries (the Tullianum). The Tarquin [kings] drained the land, gave the Forum a regular (trapezoidal) shape, divided the space around its borders into building- lots, and sold them to private speculators for shops and houses, the fronts of which were to be lined with porticoes.” --Rodolfo Lanciani, The Ruins and Excavations of Ancient Rome, 1897, p.
[Show full text]
A Study of the Pantheon Through Time Caitlin Williams
Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2018 A Study of the Pantheon Through Time Caitlin Williams Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the Classical Archaeology and Art History Commons Recommended Citation Williams, Caitlin, "A Study of the Pantheon Through Time" (2018). Honors Theses. 1689. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/1689 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Study of the Pantheon Through Time By Caitlin Williams * * * * * * * Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of Classics UNION COLLEGE June, 2018 ABSTRACT WILLIAMS, CAITLIN A Study of the Pantheon Through Time. Department of Classics, June, 2018. ADVISOR: Hans-Friedrich Mueller. I analyze the Pantheon, one of the most well-preserVed buildings from antiquity, through time. I start with Agrippa's Pantheon, the original Pantheon that is no longer standing, which was built in 27 or 25 BC. What did it look like originally under Augustus? Why was it built? We then shift to the Pantheon that stands today, Hadrian-Trajan's Pantheon, which was completed around AD 125-128, and represents an example of an architectural reVolution. Was it eVen a temple? We also look at the Pantheon's conversion to a church, which helps explain why it is so well preserVed.
[Show full text]
The Architecture of Roman Temples
P1: JzL 052181068XAgg.xml CB751B/Stamper 0 521 81068 X August 28, 2004 17:30 The Architecture of Roman Temples - The Republic to the Middle Empire John W. Stamper University of Notre Dame iii P1: JzL 052181068XAgg.xml CB751B/Stamper 0 521 81068 X August 28, 2004 17:30 published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, uk 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211, usa 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, vic 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcon´ 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C John W. Stamper 2005 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2005 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typefaces Bembo 11/14 pt., Weiss, Trajan, and Janson System LATEX 2ε [tb] A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Stamper, John W. The architecture of Roman temples : the republic to the middle empire / John W. Stamper. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-521-81068-x 1. Temples, Roman – Italy – Rome. 2. Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus (Rome, Italy) 3. Architecture, Roman – Italy – Rome – Inﬂuence. 4. Rome (Italy)
[Show full text]
9781107013995 Index.Pdf
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01399-5 — Rome Rabun Taylor , Katherine Rinne , Spiro Kostof Index More Information INDEX abitato , 209 , 253 , 255 , 264 , 273 , 281 , 286 , 288 , cura(tor) aquarum (et Miniciae) , water 290 , 319 commission later merged with administration, ancient. See also Agrippa ; grain distribution authority, 40 , archives ; banishment and 47 , 97 , 113 , 115 , 116 – 17 , 124 . sequestration ; libraries ; maps ; See also Frontinus, Sextus Julius ; regions ( regiones ) ; taxes, tarif s, water supply ; aqueducts; etc. customs, and fees ; warehouses ; cura(tor) operum maximorum (commission of wharves monumental works), 162 Augustan reorganization of, 40 – 41 , cura(tor) riparum et alvei Tiberis (commission 47 – 48 of the Tiber), 51 censuses and public surveys, 19 , 24 , 82 , cura(tor) viarum (roads commission), 48 114 – 17 , 122 , 125 magistrates of the vici ( vicomagistri ), 48 , 91 codes, laws, and restrictions, 27 , 29 , 47 , Praetorian Prefect and Guard, 60 , 96 , 99 , 63 – 65 , 114 , 162 101 , 115 , 116 , 135 , 139 , 154 . See also against permanent theaters, 57 – 58 Castra Praetoria of burial, 37 , 117 – 20 , 128 , 154 , 187 urban prefect and prefecture, 76 , 116 , 124 , districts and boundaries, 41 , 45 , 49 , 135 , 139 , 163 , 166 , 171 67 – 69 , 116 , 128 . See also vigiles (i re brigade), 66 , 85 , 96 , 116 , pomerium ; regions ( regiones ) ; vici ; 122 , 124 Aurelian Wall ; Leonine Wall ; police and policing, 5 , 100 , 114 – 16 , 122 , wharves 144 , 171 grain, l our, or bread procurement and Severan reorganization of, 96 – 98 distribution, 27 , 89 , 96 – 100 , staf and minor oi cials, 48 , 91 , 116 , 126 , 175 , 215 102 , 115 , 117 , 124 , 166 , 171 , 177 , zones and zoning, 6 , 38 , 84 , 85 , 126 , 127 182 , 184 – 85 administration, medieval frumentationes , 46 , 97 charitable institutions, 158 , 169 , 179 – 87 , 191 , headquarters of administrative oi ces, 81 , 85 , 201 , 299 114 – 17 , 214 Church.
[Show full text]
The Janus Arch
Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, CAA2010 F. Contreras, M. Farjas and F.J. Melero (eds.) Digital Mediation from Discrete Model to Archaeological Model: the Janus Arch Ippolito, A.1, Borgogni, F.1, Pizzo, A.2 1 Dpto. RADAAr Università di Roma “Sapienza”, Italy 2 Instituto de Arqueologia (CSIC, Junta de Extremadura, Consorcio de Mérida), Spain [email protected]; [email protected] ; [email protected] Survey operations and the representation of acquired data should today be considered as consolidated. New acquisition methods such as point clouds obtained using 3D laser scanners are also part of today’s scenario. The scope of this paper is to propose a protocol of operations based on extensive previous experience and work to acquire and elaborate data obtained using complex 3D survey. This protocol focuses on illustrating the methods used to turn a numerical model into a system of two-dimensional and three-dimensional models that can help to understand the object in question. The study method is based on joint practical work by architects and archaeologists. The final objective is to create a layout that can satisfy the needs of scholars and researchers working in different disciplinary fields. The case study in this paper is the Arch of Janus in Rome near the Forum Boarium. The paper will illustrate the entire acquisition process and method used to transform the acquired data after the creation of a model. The entire operation was developed in close collaboration between the RADAAr Dept., University of Rome “Sapienza,” Italy and the Istituto de Arqueologia (CSIC, Junta de Extremadura, Consorcio de Mérida), Spain.
[Show full text]
Isurium Brigantum
Isurium Brigantum an archaeological survey of Roman Aldborough The authors and publisher wish to thank the following individuals and organisations for their help with this Isurium Brigantum publication: Historic England an archaeological survey of Roman Aldborough Society of Antiquaries of London Thriplow Charitable Trust Faculty of Classics and the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge Chris and Jan Martins Rose Ferraby and Martin Millett with contributions by Jason Lucas, James Lyall, Jess Ogden, Dominic Powlesland, Lieven Verdonck and Lacey Wallace Research Report of the Society of Antiquaries of London No. 81 For RWS Norfolk ‒ RF Contents First published 2020 by The Society of Antiquaries of London Burlington House List of figures vii Piccadilly Preface x London W1J 0BE Acknowledgements xi Summary xii www.sal.org.uk Résumé xiii © The Society of Antiquaries of London 2020 Zusammenfassung xiv Notes on referencing and archives xv ISBN: 978 0 8543 1301 3 British Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background to this study 1 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data 1.2 Geographical setting 2 A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the 1.3 Historical background 2 Library of Congress, Washington DC 1.4 Previous inferences on urban origins 6 The moral rights of Rose Ferraby, Martin Millett, Jason Lucas, 1.5 Textual evidence 7 James Lyall, Jess Ogden, Dominic Powlesland, Lieven 1.6 History of the town 7 Verdonck and Lacey Wallace to be identified as the authors of 1.7 Previous archaeological work 8 this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
[Show full text]