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VESPASIAN. AD 68, Though Not a Particularly Constructive Year For
138 VESPASIAN. AD 68, though not a particularly constructive year for Nero, was to prove fertile ground for senators lion the make". Not that they were to have the time to build anything much other than to carve out a niche for themselves in the annals of history. It was not until the dust finally settled, leaving Vespasian as the last contender standing, that any major building projects were to be initiated under Imperial auspices. However, that does not mean that there is nothing in this period that is of interest to this study. Though Galba, Otho and Vitellius may have had little opportunity to indulge in any significant building activity, and probably given the length and nature of their reigns even less opportunity to consider the possibility of building for their future glory, they did however at the very least use the existing imperial buildings to their own ends, in their own ways continuing what were by now the deeply rooted traditions of the principate. Galba installed himself in what Suetonius terms the palatium (Suet. Galba. 18), which may not necessarily have been the Golden House of Nero, but was part at least of the by now agglomerated sprawl of Imperial residences in Rome that stretched from the summit of the Palatine hill across the valley where now stands the Colosseum to the slopes of the Oppian, and included the Golden House. Vitellius too is said to have used the palatium as his base in Rome (Suet. Vito 16), 139 and is shown by Suetonius to have actively allied himself with Nero's obviously still popular memory (Suet. -
ROMA SURRECTA: Portrait of a Counterinsurgent Power, 216 BC - AD 72
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons CUREJ - College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal College of Arts and Sciences 5-2011 ROMA SURRECTA: Portrait of a Counterinsurgent Power, 216 BC - AD 72 Emerson T. Brooking University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/curej Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, Comparative Politics Commons, Military History Commons, and the Other Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Brooking, Emerson T., "ROMA SURRECTA: Portrait of a Counterinsurgent Power, 216 BC - AD 72" 01 May 2011. CUREJ: College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal, University of Pennsylvania, https://repository.upenn.edu/curej/145. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/curej/145 For more information, please contact [email protected]. ROMA SURRECTA: Portrait of a Counterinsurgent Power, 216 BC - AD 72 Abstract This study evaluates the military history and practice of the Roman Empire in the context of contemporary counterinsurgency theory. It purports that the majority of Rome’s security challenges fulfill the criteria of insurgency, and that Rome’s responses demonstrate counterinsurgency proficiency. These assertions are proven by means of an extensive investigation of the grand strategic, military, and cultural aspects of the Roman state. Fourteen instances of likely insurgency are identified and examined, permitting the application of broad theoretical precepts -
California Legislative Pictorial Roster
® California Constitutional/Statewide Officers Governor Lieutenant Governor Attorney General Secretary of State Gavin Newsom (D) Eleni Kounalakis (D) Rob Bonta (D) Shirley Weber (D) State Capitol State Capitol, Room 1114 1300 I Street 1500 11th Street, 6th Floor Sacramento, CA 95814 Sacramento, CA 95814 Sacramento, CA 95814 Sacramento, CA 95814 (916) 445-2841 (916) 445-8994 (916) 445-9555 (916) 653-6814 Treasurer Controller Insurance Commissioner Superintendent of Public Instruction Fiona Ma (D) Betty T. Yee (D) Ricardo Lara (D) Tony K. Thurmond 915 Capitol Mall, Room 110 300 Capitol Mall, Suite 1850 300 Capitol Mall, Suite 1700 1430 N Street Sacramento, CA 95814 Sacramento, CA 95814 Sacramento, CA 95814 Sacramento, CA 95814 (916) 653-2995 (916) 445-2636 (916) 492-3500 (916) 319-0800 Board of Equalization — District 1 Board of Equalization — District 2 Board of Equalization — District 3 Board of Equalization — District 4 Ted Gaines (R) Malia Cohen (D) Tony Vazquez (D) Mike Schaefer (D) 500 Capitol Mall, Suite 1750 1201 K Street, Suite 710 450 N Street, MIC: 72 400 Capitol Mall, Suite 2580 Sacramento, CA 95814 Sacramento, CA 95814 Sacramento, CA 95814 Sacramento, CA 95814 (916) 445-2181 (916) 445-4081 (916) 445-4154 (916) 323-9794 ® LEGISLATIVE PICTORIAL ROSTER — 2021-2022 California State Senators Ben Allen (D), SD 26 — Part of Bob J. Archuleta (D), SD 32 Toni Atkins (D), SD 39 — Part Pat Bates (R), SD 36 — Part of Josh Becker (D), SD 13 — Part Los Angeles. (916) 651-4026. —Part of Los Angeles. of San Diego. (916) 651-4039. Orange and San Diego. -
Numbers 1 to 100
Numbers 1 to 100 PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Tue, 30 Nov 2010 02:36:24 UTC Contents Articles −1 (number) 1 0 (number) 3 1 (number) 12 2 (number) 17 3 (number) 23 4 (number) 32 5 (number) 42 6 (number) 50 7 (number) 58 8 (number) 73 9 (number) 77 10 (number) 82 11 (number) 88 12 (number) 94 13 (number) 102 14 (number) 107 15 (number) 111 16 (number) 114 17 (number) 118 18 (number) 124 19 (number) 127 20 (number) 132 21 (number) 136 22 (number) 140 23 (number) 144 24 (number) 148 25 (number) 152 26 (number) 155 27 (number) 158 28 (number) 162 29 (number) 165 30 (number) 168 31 (number) 172 32 (number) 175 33 (number) 179 34 (number) 182 35 (number) 185 36 (number) 188 37 (number) 191 38 (number) 193 39 (number) 196 40 (number) 199 41 (number) 204 42 (number) 207 43 (number) 214 44 (number) 217 45 (number) 220 46 (number) 222 47 (number) 225 48 (number) 229 49 (number) 232 50 (number) 235 51 (number) 238 52 (number) 241 53 (number) 243 54 (number) 246 55 (number) 248 56 (number) 251 57 (number) 255 58 (number) 258 59 (number) 260 60 (number) 263 61 (number) 267 62 (number) 270 63 (number) 272 64 (number) 274 66 (number) 277 67 (number) 280 68 (number) 282 69 (number) 284 70 (number) 286 71 (number) 289 72 (number) 292 73 (number) 296 74 (number) 298 75 (number) 301 77 (number) 302 78 (number) 305 79 (number) 307 80 (number) 309 81 (number) 311 82 (number) 313 83 (number) 315 84 (number) 318 85 (number) 320 86 (number) 323 87 (number) 326 88 (number) -
Current Issues in the Middle East
CURRENT ISSUES IN THE MIDDLE EAST a graduate class project of Fairleigh Dickinson University by Mahmoud Aboud Alexandra Acosta Idrees Mohamed Ali Anwar Al-Barout Mohammed Al-Hadrami Nageeb Al-Jabowbi Waheed Al-Shami Abdullah Al-Shammari Adel Al-Sheikh Eve Burnett ‘Matankiso Chachane Ahmad Daoudzai Johannes de Millo Naseer Ahmed Faiq Khalid Faqeeh Bobette Jansen Nikolaos Kouroupis Shihana Mohamed Siham Mourabit Chan Pee Lila Ratsifandrihamanana Tania LaumanulupeTupou Sanaa Eltigani Uro Editor Ahmad Kamal Published by: Fairleigh Dickinson University 1000 River Road Teaneck, NJ 07666 USA May 2009 ISBN: 978-1-61539-567-5 The opinions expressed in this book are those of the authors alone, and should not be taken as reflecting the views of Fairleigh Dickinson University, or of any other institution or entity. © All rights reserved by the authors No part of the material in this book may be reproduced without due attribution to its specific author. The Authors Mahmoud Aboud is the Permanent Representative of Comoros Alexandra Acosta is a Graduate Student from the USA Anwar Al-Barout is Counsellor at the Permanent Mission of the UAE Mohammed Al-Hadhrami is a Graduate Student from Yemen Nageeb Al-Jabowbi is a Graduate Student from Yemen Waheed Al-Shami is a Graduate Student from Yemen Abdullah Al-Shammari is Vice Consul of Saudi Arabia Adel Al-Sheikh is a Graduate Student from Yemen Idrees Mohamed Ali is First Secretary at the Permanent Mission of Sudan Eve Burnett is a Graduate Student from the USA ‘Matankiso Chachane is an Admin Assistant at -
The Java Calendar and Its Relevance with the Islamic Calendar
THE JAVA CALENDAR AND ITS RELEVANCE WITH THE ISLAMIC CALENDAR Faiz Farichah Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Al-Muhammad, Cepu [email protected] Abstract Calendar or calendar system is an important reference for mankind from ancient times to the present. Judging from the reference system, there are three types of calendars, namely solar-based, lunar-based and both-based calendars. Meanwhile, in terms of its complexity, the calendar is divided into two, namely the astronomical and arithmetic calendars. The Javanese calendar after the changes made by the great sultan, was inspired by the hijri calendar. Both are based on the lunar calendar. The aim of this study is to introduce the calendar system, the Javanese calendar and its relevance to the hijriah calendar, and the Javanese Aboge calendar. This research is descriptive. The source in this research study is literature review. From this research it was found that the hijri calendar is an astronomical calendar that requires observation and has a high degree of accuracy with respect to the visibility of the new moon, while the Javanese calendar is an arithmetic calendar system, so it requires corrections in a certain period to be the same or nearly the same as the hijri calendar. However, the Aboge calendar does not change curves or cycles, so that the Aboge Javanese calendar has a difference of days with the Javanese calendar currently in use, namely the calendar with the asapon calendar, and it could be the same or the difference of up to two days with the Hijri calendar. Yet the calendar is used by the Javanese not only for worship, but also for petungan in determining traditional ceremonies and personal interests. -
Roman Archaeology and Art
ARCH 0520 ROMAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND ART Finals Image Pool Pre-Midterm Veii temple (late 6th cent. BC) cella column stairs pronaos ‘Apollo’ of Veii, ca. 500 BC Tomb of Hunting and Fishing Tarquinia, late 6th cent. BC Tomb of the Bulls, Tarquinia, ca. 540 BC Achilles (L), and Troilus ( R) Tomb of the Augurs Tarquinia, ca. 530 BC ‘Brutus’ 1st cent. BC bronze Orator (L’Arringatore) 1st cent. BC; bronze ‘Aulus Metellus’ Romulus and Remus Capitoline Wolf ca. 500 BC bronze Sarcophagus of L. Scipio Barbatus ca. 200 B.C Via Appia (Appian Way) after Appius Claudius Caecus Republican period Capitolium, Capitoline Triad Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, Juno, Minerva ca. 500 BC ‘Round Temple’, or Temple of Hercules Victor early 1st cent. BC Temple of Fortuna Virilis (Manly Fortune, Courageous Fortune) aka Temple of Portunus (late 2nd cent. BC) s n Ionic m order u l podium o c d e g a g n e frontal emphasis Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia (‘First Born Fortune’) Praeneste (Palestrina) 2nd cent. BC Pompey ‘the Great’ ca. 55 BC Late Republic verism, veristic 1st century BC portraiture Prima Porta Augustus ca. 20 BC marble copy of bronze original 2.04 m tall Augustus as imperator Prima Porta Augustus cuirass (= breastplate) Augustus as priest as ‘pontifex maximus’ Rules as Augustus from 27 BC to AD 14 Ara Pacis Augustae Consecrated 13 BC Finished in 9 BC 34’L x 38’ W x 23’ H Ara Pacis Augustae Interior ‘Tellus’ (fertility figure) aka Mother Earth, Venus, Italia, Pax Ara Pacis Augustae Ara Pacis Augustae Pious Aeneas, sacrificing; Ascanius/Iulus (son) Ara Pacis Augustae Procession: Augustus, priests, senators…. -
Marvelous Vespasian Judaea Capta Gold Aureus - Ex Hunt Collection
231 Judaea, Bar Kokhba Revolt. Æ Small Bronze (4.87 g), 132-135 CE. Undated, attributed to year 3 (134/5 CE). ‘Simon’ (Paleo-Hebrew), seven-branched palm tree with two bunches of dates. Rev. ‘For the freedom of Jerusalem’ (Paleo-Hebrew), bunch of grapes with branch and small leaf. Cf. (Mildenberg 158 (O4/R-; rev. die not recorded); TJC 302b; Hendin 1440. Very bold with a pleasing green patina. Extremely fine. $ 400 Purchased privately, January 1988. JUDEA CAPTA COINS OF ROME Marvelous Vespasian Judaea Capta Gold Aureus - Ex Hunt Collection 232 Vespasian. Gold Aureus (7.26 g), AD 69-79. Judaea Capta type. Rome, AD 69/70. IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG, laureate head of Vespasian right. Rev. IVDAEA in exergue, Jewess seated right, head resting on hand in attitude of mourning; behind, trophy. (RIC 1; Hendin 1464; BN 20-2; BMC 31-4; Calicó 643). Boldly struck and perfectly centered. Extremely fine. $ 60,000 ex Nelson Bunker Hunt Collection (Sotheby’s, 21-22 June 1990), lot 699. First coin of the standard ‘Judaea Capta’ series. In the ‘Judaea Capta’ coinage, the seated personified Judaea evokes the iconographic language of the defeated and degraded prisoner. The conquered province type has its own set of gestures expressing a mournful or abject context, which are derived from Roman funerary iconography. They include an attitude formed by the resting of the chin in the hand, a pose that evokes pensiveness, uncertainty, and grief with overtones of repentance or lamentation. Additionally, the mourner is shown with hunched shoulders, and a bowed and covered head. -
Agricola, Tacitus, and Scotland
AGRICOLA, TACITUS, AND SCOTLAND David Shotter Despite its status as a work devoted to a single subject, Tacitus' Life of Agricola has left much unclear regarding both Flavian policy in Britain and the part played in it by Tacitus' father-in-law, Cnaeus Julius Agricola. The purpose of the present note is to address two of these difficulties - the initial penetration of Caledonia and the circumstances of Agricola's recall in AD 83. Dendrochronological analysis in the 1980s of timbers taken from the southern gateway-complex of the earliest fort at Carlisle demonstrated that the fort could not have been constructed much later than AD 72 - that is, during the govemorship of Quintus Petillius Cerialis (Shotter 1997 ,25); this confirmed suspicions that had first been voiced nearly a century ago by JP Bushe-Fox (1913,295ff). The effect of this realisation, however, has been to prompt a debate on the course of the Roman conquest of northern Britain in the 70s and 80s, and on the relationship between this and the account which appears to be given (or, at least, implied) by Cornelius Tacitus inhis Life of Agricola. In particular, an inconsistency appears to exist between a Roman advance as far as Carlisle and, on the basis of the numismatic evidence, probably also as far as Corbridge (Bishop and Dore 1988, 143), as early as 72 and the apparent implication of Tacitus that Agricola's penetration as far north as the river Tay in AD 79 represented a 'first' (Life of Agricola 22, 1). The pro-Roman (or, at least, neutral) stance of the Brigantes, originally brokered by Claudius, finally collapsed in AD 69, although it had clearly been losing stability and, thus, usefulness for a considerable time, as the relationship between the two Brigantian leaders, Cartimandua and Venutius, deteriorated (Tacitus Annals XII, 31-40; Shotter 1994). -
Early Roman Rule in Commagene
Early Roman Rule in Commagene Michael Alexander Speidel Modem historians generally understand Roman military occupation and the replacement of local rule by Roman administration and taxation as elements of Roman imperialism. Profound changes of this kind took place in the empire’s East during the reign of the emperor Vespasian, when the military dispositions and infrastructure as well as the political and administrative structures were thoroughly reorganized. The central element of these changes was the transformation of Cappadocia into a major military province with a garrison of two legions and many auxiliary units. During the course of these developments, in AD 72,1 the small Late Hellenistic kingdom of Commagene was invaded and occupied by Roman forces, and its king Antiochos IV, who had been a true and loyal ally, was deposed. The country was incorporated into the Roman province of Syria and a legion was stationed at its former capital Samosata on one of the major crossings of the Euphrates. The circumstances are described in a well-known passage by Flavius Josephus:2 Caesennius Paetus, the governor of Syria (whether speaking sincerely or out of enmity to Antiochus was never clearly ascertained), sent letters to the emperor accusing the king and his son Epiphanes of plans to revolt against Rome and claiming that they were in league with the king of Parthia. Vespasian therefore gave orders to ter minate their rule, as he felt he could no longer trust the king of Commagene to safeguard the strategic crossing of the Euphrates at Samosata. Paetus invaded Commagene at the head of legio VI Ferrata, some cohortes and alae, as well as royal troops supplied by Aristobulus of Chalcidice and Sohaemus of Emesa. -
2020 November General Endorsement Consent Calendar
2020 November General Endorsement Consent Calendar State Assembly AD 41 Chris Holden* State Senate CD 19 Zoe Lofgren* AD 1 Elizabeth Betancourt AD 42 No Endorsement SD 1 Pamela Swartz CD 20 Jimmy Panetta* AD 2 Jim Wood* AD 43 Laura Friedman* SD 3 Bill Dodd* CD 21 TJ Cox* AD 3 James Henson AD 44 Jacqui Irwin* SD 5 Susan Talamantes Eggman CD 22 Phil Arballo AD 4 Cecilia Aguiar-Curry* AD 45 Jesse Gabriel* SD 7 Steve Glazer* CD 23 Kim Mangone AD 5 No Candidate Filed AD 46 Adrin Nazarian* SD 9 Nancy Skinner* CD 24 Salud Carbajal* AD 6 Jackie Smith AD 47 Eloise Reyes* SD 11 Scott Wiener* CD 25 Christy Smith AD 7 Kevin McCarty* AD 48 Blanca Rubio* SD 13 Josh Becker CD 26 Julia Brownley* AD 8 Ken Cooley* AD 49 Ed Chau* SD 15 David Cortese CD 27 Judy Chu* AD 9 James Cooper* AD 50 Richard Bloom* SD 17 John Laird CD 28 Adam Schiff* AD 10 Marc Levine* AD 51 Wendy Carrillo* SD 19 Monique Limón CD 29 Tony Cardenas* AD 11 Jim Frazier* AD 52 Freddie Rodriguez* SD 21 Kipp Mueller CD 30 Brad Sherman* AD 12 Paul Akinjo AD 53 Miguel Santiago* SD 23 Abigail Medina CD 31 Pete Aguilar* AD 13 Kathy Miller AD 54 Sydney Kamlager-Dove* SD 25 Anthony Portantino* CD 32 Grace F. Napolitano* AD 14 Timothy S. Grayson* AD 55 Andrew Rodriguez SD 27 Henry Stern* CD 33 Ted Lieu* AD 15 Buffy Wicks* AD 56 Eduardo Garcia* SD 29 Josh Newman CD 34 Jimmy Gomez* AD 16 Rebecca Bauer-Kahan* AD 57 Lisa Calderon SD 31 Richard Roth* CD 35 Norma Torres* AD 17 David Chiu* AD 58 Cristina Garcia* SD 33 Lena Gonzalez* CD 36 Raul Ruiz* AD 18 Rob Bonta* AD 59 Reggie Jones-Sawyer* SD 35 Steven Bradford* CD 37 Karen Bass* AD 19 Phil Ting* AD 60 Sabrina Cervantes* SD 37 Dave Min CD 38 Linda Sanchez* AD 20 Bill Quirk* AD 61 Jose Medina* SD 39 Toni Atkins* CD 39 Gil Cisneros* AD 21 Adam Gray* AD 62 Autumn Burke* CD 40 Lucille Roybal-Allard* AD 22 Kevin Mullin* AD 63 Anthony Rendon* U.S. -
Tacitus, Annals, 15.20–23, 33–45
Mathew Owen and Ingo Gildenhard Tacitus, Annals, 15.20-23, 33-45 Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/215 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. Tacitus, Annals, 15.20–23, 33–45 Latin Text, Study Aids with Vocabulary, and Commentary Mathew Owen and Ingo Gildenhard http://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2013 Mathew Owen and Ingo Gildenhard This book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported licence (CC-BY 3.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Owen, Mathew and Gildenhard, Ingo. Tacitus, Annals, 15.20–23, 33–45. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2013. DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0035 Further details about CC-BY licences are available at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Digital material and resources associated with this volume are available on our website at: http://www.openbookpublishers.com/isbn/9781783740000 ISBN Hardback: 978-1-78374-001-7 ISBN Paperback: 978-1-78374-000-0 ISBN Digital (PDF): 978-1-78374-002-4 ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 978-1-78374-003-1 ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 978-1-78374-004-8 DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0035 Cover image: Bust of Nero, the Capitoline Museum, Rome (2009) © Joe Geranio (CC-BY-SA-3.0), Wikimedia.org.