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Kiriwina : Język Wysp Trobrianda Kifiuiina J ę n j k U Jy/p Trebriondo Akademio Pedo9ogiozAa im. Komiki Cdukaoji Aafodouiej w Krakowie Praoe fnoA0 9 rafiezne ar 536 Tadeusz Szczerbowski Kiriwina Język Uly/p Trobfianda Ulydawniołwo Ooukowe Akademii Pedoyoyioznej - Kroków 9002 Recenzenci Prof, dr hab. Krystyna Pisarkowa Prof, dr hab. Alfred F. Majewicz © Copyright by Tadeusz Szczerbowski, Kraków 2002 Redakcja Jolanta Bartosz Projekt okładki Jadwiga Burek W publikacji wykorzystano fragment mapy wydanej przez Air Niugini (Port Moresby, 1990) ISSN 0239-6025 ISBN 83-7271-165-8 Redakcja/Dział Promocji Wydawnictwo Naukowe AP 31-116 Kraków, ul. Studencka 5 tel./fax (012) 430-09-83 e-mail: wydawnictwo@ap.krakow.pl druk i oprawa Wydawnictwo Naukowe AP, zam. 32/02 Spis treści Przedmowa............................................................................................................. 11 1. W ST Ę P............................................................................................................. 13 1.1. Wyspy T robrianda...................................................................................... 13 1.2. Język kiriwiński ......................................................................................... 14 1.3. Językoznawstwo kiriwińskie........................................................................ 16 1.3.1. Badacze języka kiriwina.................................................................. 16 13.1.1. William MacGregor .............................................................. 16 13.1.2. Sidney Ray ........................................................................... 16 1.3.13. S.B. Fellows............................................................................ 16 13.1.4. Bronisław Malinowski .......................................................... 17 13.1.5. Bernard B aldw in.................................................................... 17 13.1.6. Arthur Capell ........................................................................ 17 13.1.7. Edwin H u tc h in s.................................................................... 18 13.1.8. Ralph L a w to n ........................................................................ 19 13.1.9. Giancarlo M.G. Scoditti.......................................................... 20 1.3.1.10. Gunter Senft ........................................................................ 20 1.3.1.11. Krystyna Pisarkow a.............................................................. 21 13.2. Dialekty języka kiriw ińskiego.......................................................... 21 1.3.3. Stylistyczne zróżnicowanie języka kiriwińskiego............................ 25 1.4. Podstawowe różnice w systemach pisowni kiriwińskiej........................... 26 1.5. Korpus tekstów kiriwińskich .................................................................... 27 1.6. O tłumaczeniu zdań kiriwińskich.............................................................. 30 1.7. Lista skrótów stosowanych w tłumaczeniu interlineamym 33 1.8. O celu i metodzie o p is u ............................................................................... 33 2. GRAMATYKA JĘZYKA KIRIWINA 35 2.1. Fonologia ................................................................................................... 35 2.1.1.0 wymowie ..................................................................................... 35 2.1.2. Inwentarz fonemów ............................................................................ 36 2.1.3. Upodobnienia fonetyczne................................................................. 37 2.1.4. A kcent................................................................................................ 37 2.1.5. Intonacja zdaniow a........................................................................... 38 2.2. Morfologia................................................................................................... 39 2.2.1. Części m o w y ..................................................................................... 39 2.2.2. Reduplikacja..................................................................................... 42 2.2.3. Struktura morfemowa czasownika kiriw ińskiego........................... 43 2.2.4. Przedrostki osobowe czasownika ................................................... 43 2.2.5. Sufiksy osobowe dopełnienia 45 2.2.6. Reduplikacja czasownika 46 2.2.7. Przedrostek czasownikowy b- {ba-Ubu-) 46 2.2.8. Przedrostek czasownikowy l- (la-l/lu-)................................................ 48 2.2.9. Funkcje bogioa .................................................................................. 49 2.2.10. Funkcje igau..................................................................................... 51 2.2.11. Przedrostek czasownikowy m- (ma-//mu-//mo-//me-)........................ 52 2.2.12. Trzy klasy rdzeni czasownikowych................................................ 54 2.2.12.1. Klasa I .................................................................................. 55 2.2.12.2. Klasa I I ........................... 56 2.2.12.3. Klasa m .............................................................................. 58 2.2.12.4. Alfabetyczna lista czasowników klasy III........................... 58 2.2.12.5. Lista czasowników ogniskujących czynność (verb focus) lub przedmiot czynności (object focus) ........................... 59 2.2.13. Czas i aspekt..................................................................................... 63 2.2.14. Kąuzatywa......................................................................................... 64 2.2.15. Alternacje morfonologicznie czasownika......................................... 66 2.2.16. „Strona bierna".................................................................................. 67 2.2.17. Zaimki osobow e.............................................................................. 69 2.2.18. Zaimki dzierżaw cze............................................................. 70 2.2.19. Odpowiednik dopełniacza rzeczownikowego 71 2.2.20. Zaimki emfatyczne........................................................................... 73 2.2.21. Zaimek -nidesi 'tylko jeden, taki sam' 75 2.222. Zaimki nieokreślone........................................................................ 76 2.223. Zaimki wskazujące........................................................................... Tl 2.2.24. Formanty klasyfikujące.................................................................... Tl 22.24.1. Nominalne formanty klasyfikujące 78 2.2.24.2. Werbalne formanty klasyfikujące................................... 100 2.2.25. Liczba................................................................................................ 103 2.2.26. Przymiotnik..................................................................................... 104 2.2.27. „Przysłówek" 106 2.2.28. Liczebnik 107 2.2.29. P arty k u ła......................................................................................... 109 2.2.29.1. gala 'nie' ........................................................................... 110 2.2292.mitaga (jako odpowiedź potwierdzająca)........................... 110 22.29.3. wala 'właśnie, tylko, po p r o s tu '......................................... 110 2.2.29.4. boge 'ju ż '.............................................................................. 111 2.2.29.5. -la (sufiks em fatyczny)....................................................... 111 2.2.29.6. g o li..................................................................................... 111 2.2.30. P rzy im ek ......................................................................................... 112 2.2.30.1. o 'na', 'w' (zastosowanie lokatywne) 112 2.2.30.2. o'do'(zastosowanie kierunkowe)...................................... 112 2.230.3. o 'w (okresie)' (zastosowanie temporalne)........................... 113 2.230.4. oluwalela 'pośrodku, m iędzy'............................................ 113 2.230.5. omała- 'przed (kimś, czymś)'................................................ 113 2.230.6. otubivalo- 'za (k im ś)'.......................................................... 114 2.230.7. wa (zastosowanie lokatywne i temporalne)........................ 114 2.2.30.8. dęli '(razem) z' (zastosowanie kom itatywne).................. 114 2.230.9. dęli (zastosowanie instrumentalne) .................................. 114 2.230.10. pela//paila 'o, z powodu, d l a '............................................. 114 2.230.11. -ki 'do' (zastosowanie kierunkowe).................................. 115 2.230.12. mi '(ludzie) z ' .................................................................... 115 2.230.13. metoya 'od, z ' .................................................................... 115 2.230.14. baisa 'do (kogo), u (k o g o )'................................................ 116 2.231. S p ó jn ik ............................................................................................ 117 2.232. W ykrzyknik...................................................................................... 119 23. Elementy słowotwórstwa........................................................................... 122 2.3.1. Fleksja i derywacja ........................................................................... 122 2.33. Słowotwórstwo rzeczownika.............................................................. 124 2.3.3. Słowotwórstwo czasow nika.............................................................. 125 2.4. Składnia...................................................................................................
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