DOCSLIB.ORG

University of Calicut School of Distance Education

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of Calicut School of Distance Education School of Distance Education UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION BA SANSKRIT (2011 Admission) I SEMESTER COMPLEMENTARY COURSE HISTORY OF SANSKRIT LITERATURE QUESTION BANK 1. What is the meaning of Veda? a) Knowledge, b) Song, c) legend (a) 2. Which is not included in Vedatrayi? a)Rg, b)Yajus , c) Atharva (c) 3. Vedangas are in………….. numbers a) Six, b)Three, c)Two (a) 4. Which is the oldest vedic samhita? a) Sama, b )Rg, c) Atharva (b) 5. Sama means …………. a) Music, b) rituals , c) Black magic (a) 6. Vedas are in ………… numbers a)Two, b)Three, c) Four (c) 7. Rgveda have ………… mandalas a) Ten, b)Two, c) Three (a) 8. The History of Sanskrit Literature falls into …… main periods a) Three, b)Two, c) Five (b) 9. Which is the distinct class of literature in Sanskrit? a) Veda, b) Sutra, c) Classical (b) 10. …………… means laudatory stanza mainly in praise of Gods. a) Rg, b )Sama,c)Yajus (a) 11. ………….. means propitiation (by chants) a) Sama, b)Rg, c) Yajus (a) 12. ……………means Sacrificial prayer or worship. a) Rg, b)Yajus, c)Atharva (b) History of Sanskrit Literature Page 1 School of Distance Education 13. Which is called the first stage of Vedas? a)Smhita, b)Aranyaka,c)Upanishad 14. How many stages are mentioned in Vedic development? a) Two, b) Four. c)Three 15. ……. Is the first vedic samhita a) Sama b) Yajus c) Rg 16. Which is the first vedic samhita? a) Sama b) Yajus c) Rg 17. What is an example of excellent Lyric poetry? a) Rgsamhita, b) Sama,c) Yajus 18. …………….is an example of excellent Lyric poetry a) Rgsamhita, b) Sama,c) Yajus 19. Which is the vedic portion discuss the practical direction for the conduct of sacrifices? a) Brahmana, b) Aranyaka, c) smahita 20. What is called theologically speculative? a) Brahmana, b) Aranyaka, c) Upanishad 21. …………….is the name of Rgvedic priest a)Hota, b) Udgata, c)Brahma 22. …………….is the name of Samavedic priest a)Hota, b) Udgata, c)Brahma 23. …………….is the name of Yajurvedic priest a)Athariyu, b) Udgata, c)Brahma 23. …………….is the name of Atharvavedic priest a)Brahma,b) Hota, b) Udgata 23. How many recensions are there for Rgveda smhita? a) Five b) Two, c) Three 24. Kausheetaki Brahmana is attached to………..Upanishad a) Mandukyopanishad b) Chandogyopanishad,c) KausheetakiUpanishad 25. KausheetakiAranyaka is attached to………… Brahmana a) KausheetakiBrahmana.b) Mandukyopanishad, c) Chandogyopanishad 26. Divisions of Sama veda are………. Numbers a) Two,b) Three,c) Five 27. What are the two parts of Samaveda? a) Uttarachikam and Purvarchikam b) Sukla and Krishna, c) kanva and Madhyadhina 28. What is called Ganam in Sama veda? a) Philosophical books, b) Sacrifice books,c) Musical books 29. …………….is called Ganam in Sama veda? a) Philosophical books, b) Sacrifice books,c) Musical books History of Sanskrit Literature Page 2 School of Distance Education 30. Samaveda smhita is divided into ……portions a)Three, b) Two, c)Five 31. Which is considered to be the most important of the Upanishad in Samaveda? a)Isa,b) Mundaka, c) Chandogya 32. Yajurveda have ………… branches a) Two, b) Three,c) Five 33. What are the two branches of Yajurveda? a) Sukla and Krishna, b) Uttarachikam and Purvarchikam, c) kanva and Madhyadhina 34. In Which veda the fullmoon sacrifice mentioned ? a) Yajurveda,b)Samaveda, c)Rgveda 35. Shuklayajurveda has the Shatapathebrahmanam of……….. chapters a) 19, b) 36,c)100 36. Which of the vedas mention the story of Sakunthala? a) Yajurveda, b)Samaveda, c)Rgveda 37. Which of the vedas mention the stories of Janamejaya? a)Samaveda, b)Rgveda c) Yajurveda 38. Which of the vedas mention the story of Urvasi? a) Yajurveda, b)Samaveda, c)Rgveda 39. Which of the veda mention the stor yof Bharata? a) Yajurveda, b)Samaveda, c)Rgveda 40. Which is the longest and important Upanishad? a)Brhtaranyaka b)Isa,c) Mundaka 41. Which is the smallest and important Upanishad? a)Brhtaranyaka b)Isavasyam, c) Mundaka 42. The Samhitha of Atharvaveda is preserved in………. recensions a) Two, b) Three.c) Five 43. What are the two recensions of the Athrvaveda samhita? a) Saunaka and Pippalada, b) Kanva and Madhydina,c) Krishna and Sukla 44. Samhitha of Saunakasakha contains………. Hymns a) 108,b)246,c) 730 45. …………… Veda does not have any Aranyaka a) Yajurveda,b)Rgveda, c) Atharvaveda 46. What are the most important of the Atharvan Upanishads? a) Prasna, Mundaka, & Mandukya,b) ) Chandogyopanishad,& KausheetakiUpanishad c) Chandogyopanishad,&Isavasyopanishad 47. Vedas has to be divided into ………… periods a)Four, b) Two,c) Three 48. Vedic suppliments, are divided into …………. Classes a)six, b) Two,c) Three History of Sanskrit Literature Page 3 School of Distance Education 49. Which Vedic suppliment, is known for Phonetics? a) Siksha , b) . Vyakaranam . c) Chandas 50. The origin of Kalpa is to be traced to the ……….. a) Siksha , b) . Vyakaranam c) Brahmanas 51. The subject matter of the Kalpa Sutras is classified under ……. heads a)six, b) Two c) Four 52. Which is the of the Kalpa related to mathematics ? a) Srautha,b) Grihya,c) Sulba 53. …………. Sutras treat the worship of the three fires a)Srautha , b) Grihya,c) Sulba 54. The Grihya Sutras deal with the ceremonies from…………. To………. a) Garbhaadhaana to Upanayana b) Upanayana to Vivaha, c) None of these 55. ……… sutras mention the duties of a teacher, a) Sulba b)Grihya c) Srautha 56. …………. sutras mention the duties of a pupil a)Grihya b) Sulba c) Srautha 57. ………….sutras mention the duties of the marriage customs a) Grihya b) Sulba c) Srautha 58. …………. sutras mention the panchamahayanja a) Sulba b) Srautha c)Grihya 59. …………. sutras mention funeral ceremonies a) Sulba b) Srautha c)Grihya 60. The Dharmasutras deal with…………. a) law, b) finance, c)Rituals 61. …………Sutras are practical manuals giving the measurements necessary for the construction of the Vedi, a) Srautha b)Grihya c) Sulba 62. which was the oldest Indian mathematical works? a) Sulba, b)Srautha, c)Grihya 63. Each Kalpasutra is attached to a particular ……….. a) Srautha b)Grihya, c) Sulba 65. Which of the sutra discuss the construction of vedi? a) Sulba ,b) Grihya, c) Srautha 66. To the Samaveda there are……… Srauthasutras a) Four, b)Two, c) Three 67. Sambhavya Grihyasutram belongs to…….Veda a) Rg ,b)Sama, c) Yajus 68. Draahyaayanasutra is connected with the………….. Sakha. a) Thatya b) kautuma, c) Ranaayani History of Sanskrit Literature Page 4 School of Distance Education 69. The chief Grihyasutra of the Samaveda is the………… a)sambhavam, b) rebhilam, c) Gobhilagrihyasutram 70. which is the one of the oldest Grihyasutra of the Samaveda a)Gobhilagrihyasutram, b)sambhavam, c) rebhilam 71. Sambhavya Grihyasutram belongs to the Kausheetaki Brahmanam of the……. veda. a)Rg, b)Sama, c) Yajus 72. Kalpasutras of Apasthambha and Baudhayana, both are attached to the………. Sakha a)TaithireeyaSakha b) Ranayaneeya ,c) Kautuma 73. Manavasrauthasutra belonging to Krishnayajurveda………….. Sakha a)TaithireeyaSakha b) Ranayaneeya c)Maitrayaneeya Sakha 74. Vaikhaana Srauthasutra attached to the ………..sakha a) Krishnayajurvedataitireeyasakha., b) Ranayaneeya ,c) Kautuma 75. Srauthasutra of……….. strictly follows the sacrificial order of the Sathapathabrahmana. a) Katyayana b) Ranayaneeya ,c) Kautuma 76. Grihyasutra of Par askara is attached to …………veda a) Yajus, b)Rg, c)Sama 77. Srauthasutra of Katyayana strictly follows the sacrificial order of the……….. a) Vaikhanasa b) kautuma c) Sathapathabrahmana. 78. Kausikagrihyasutram is attached to …veda a) Atharavaveda b) Rg, c)Sama 79. ……………deals with the magical and other practices specially connected with Atharvaveda. a) Kausikagrihyasutram b) Vaikhanasa c) kautuma 80. ……………. Is the famous Dharmasatra of manu a) Manusmrti, b) Siksha, c) Naradasmrti 81. What is siksha? a) accents,b) quantity c) meaning 82. ………….. is containing directions of vedic recitation and correct pronounciation a)Siksha b) Kalpa ,c) Vyakarana 83. Which siksha text is attributed to Narada? a) Naradasiksha,b) Naradakalpam, c) Naradasmrti 84. Which siksha text is attributed to Saunaka? a) Naradasiksha,b) Naradakalpam c) Saunakasiksha 85. Which siksha text is attributed to Gautama? a) Naradasiksha,b) Naradakalpam c)Gautamasiksha 86. Which siksha text is attributed to Parasara? a)Parasarasiksha b) Naradasiksha,c Naradakalpam 87. Which siksha text is attributed to Yanjavalkya? a)Yanjavalkyasiksha b) Naradasiksha,c Naradakalpam History of Sanskrit Literature Page 5 School of Distance Education 88. Which siksha text is attributed to Vasishta a)Yanjavalkyasiksha b) Naradasiksha c) Vasisthasiksha 89. Which is the representative of vedic phonetics? a) Pratisakhyas b) Naradasiksha c) Vasisthasiksha 90. ………are directly connected with the Samhitha and the Padapata. a) Naradasiksha b) Vasisthasiksha, c) Pratisakhyas 91. Rigveda is attached to the………. pratisakhyam of Saunaka a)Rgveda pratisakhyam b) Naradasiksha c) Vasisthasiksha 92. Which pratisakhyam text is attributed to Saunaka? a)Rgveda pratisakhyam b) Naradasiksha c) Vasisthasiksha 93. Which pratisakhyam text is attributed to Katyana? a) Vajasaneyi pratisakhyasutram b) Vasisthasiksha, c) Pratisakhyas 94. Which pratisakhyam text is related to the Krishnayajurveda? a) Taitireeyasakha b) kautuma, c) Ranayaneeyam 95. Which of the Vedic branch is considered as the origin of Vyakarana? a)Pratisakhyam b) Naradasiksha c) Vasisthasiksha 96. Saunakasakha of Atharvaveda belongs to the…………. pratisakhyam a)Atharvaveda pratisakhyam b) Naradasiksha c) Vasisthasiksha 97. ……………have exercised their influence on the growth of grammatical studies of the later period. a) Naradasiksha b) Vasisthasiksha c) Pratisakhyam 98. …………….developed into a separate supplement of the Vedas a) Pratisakhyam b) Naradasiksha c) Vasisthasiksha 99. Which Vedic branch is attributed to Saktayana? a) Grammar, b) Meaning c) sytax 100. Which Vedic branch is attributed to Grgya? a Meaning c) sytax c)Grammar 101. Which Vedic branch is attributed to Glava? a) Grammar b) Meaning c) sytax 102. Which Vedic branch is attributed to Yaska? a) Grammar b) Meaning c) sytax 103. Who is the author of Nirukta? a) Yaska , b) Narada,c) Parasara 104.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Particulars of Some Temples of Kerala Contents Particulars of Some
    Particulars of some temples of Kerala Contents Particulars of some temples of Kerala .............................................. 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 9 Temples of Kerala ................................................................................. 10 Temples of Kerala- an over view .................................................... 16 1. Achan Koil Dharma Sastha ...................................................... 23 2. Alathiyur Perumthiri(Hanuman) koil ................................. 24 3. Randu Moorthi temple of Alathur......................................... 27 4. Ambalappuzha Krishnan temple ........................................... 28 5. Amedha Saptha Mathruka Temple ....................................... 31 6. Ananteswar temple of Manjeswar ........................................ 35 7. Anchumana temple , Padivattam, Edapalli....................... 36 8. Aranmula Parthasarathy Temple ......................................... 38 9. Arathil Bhagawathi temple ..................................................... 41 10. Arpuda Narayana temple, Thirukodithaanam ................. 45 11. Aryankavu Dharma Sastha ...................................................... 47 12. Athingal Bhairavi temple ......................................................... 48 13. Attukkal BHagawathy Kshethram, Trivandrum ............. 50 14. Ayilur Akhileswaran (Shiva) and Sri Krishna temples ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Balabodha Sangraham
    बालबोध सङ्ग्रहः - १ BALABODHA SANGRAHA - 1 A Non-detailed Text book for Vedic Students Compiled with blessings and under instructions and guidance of Paramahamsa Parivrajakacharya Jagadguru Sri Sri Sri Jayendra Saraswathi Sri Sankaracharya Swamiji 69th Peethadhipathi and Paramahamsa Parivrajakacharya Jagadguru Sri Sri Sri Sankara Vijayendra Saraswathi Sri Sankaracharya Swamiji 70th Peethadhipathi of Moolamnaya Sri Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham Offered with devotion and humility by Sri Atma Bodha Tirtha Swamiji (Sri Kumbakonam Swamiji) Disciple of Pujyasri Kuvalayananda Tirtha Swamiji (Sri Tambudu Swamiji) Translation from Tamil by P.R.Kannan, Navi Mumbai Page 1 of 86 Sri Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham ॥ श्रीमहागणपतये नमः ॥ ॥ श्री गु셁भ्यो नमः ॥ INTRODUCTION जगत्कामकलाकारं नािभस्थानं भुवः परम् । पदपस्य कामाक्षयाः महापीठमुपास्महे ॥ सदाििवसमारमभां िंकराचाययमध्यमाम् । ऄस्मदाचाययपययनतां वनदे गु셁परमपराम् ॥ We worship the Mahapitha of Devi Kamakshi‟s lotus feet, the originator of „Kamakala‟ in the world, the supreme navel-spot of the earth. We worship the Guru tradition, starting from Sadasiva, having Sankaracharya in the middle and coming down upto our present Acharya. This book is being published for use of students who join Veda Pathasala for the first year of Vedic studies and specially for those students who are between 7 and 12 years of age. This book is similar to the Non-detailed text books taught in school curriculum. We wish that Veda teachers should teach this book to their Veda students on Anadhyayana days (days on which Vedic teaching is prohibited) or according to their convenience and motivate the students.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Essent Vol. 1
    ESSENT Society for Collaborative Research and Innovation, IIT Mandi Editor: Athar Aamir Khan Editorial Support: Hemant Jalota Tejas Lunawat Advisory Committee: Dr Venkata Krishnan, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi Dr Varun Dutt, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi Dr Manu V. Devadevan, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi Dr Suman, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi AcknowledgementAcknowledgements: Prof. Arghya Taraphdar, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Dr Shail Shankar, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi Dr Rajeshwari Dutt, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi SCRI Support teamteam:::: Abhishek Kumar, Nagarjun Narayan, Avinash K. Chaudhary, Ankit Verma, Sourabh Singh, Chinmay Krishna, Chandan Satyarthi, Rajat Raj, Hrudaya Rn. Sahoo, Sarvesh K. Gupta, Gautam Vij, Devang Bacharwar, Sehaj Duggal, Gaurav Panwar, Sandesh K. Singh, Himanshu Ranjan, Swarna Latha, Kajal Meena, Shreya Tangri. ©SOCIETY FOR COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION (SCRI), IIT MANDI [email protected] Published in April 2013 Disclaimer: The views expressed in ESSENT belong to the authors and not to the Editorial board or the publishers. The publication of these views does not constitute endorsement by the magazine. The editorial board of ‘ESSENT’ does not represent or warrant that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete and in no case are they responsible for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from the use of such material. Readers are strongly advised to confirm the information contained herein with other dependable sources. ESSENT|Issue1|V ol1 ESSENT Society for Collaborative Research and Innovation, IIT Mandi CONTENTS Editorial 333 Innovation for a Better India Timothy A. Gonsalves, Director, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi 555 Research, Innovation and IIT Mandi 111111 Subrata Ray, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi INTERVIEW with Nobel laureate, Professor Richard R.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of Sanskrit Grammar on Pre-Pāṇinian Stage
    International Journal of Sanskrit Research 2020; 6(6): 154-158 ISSN: 2394-7519 IJSR 2020; 6(6): 154-158 The development of Sanskrit grammar on pre-pāṇinian © 2020 IJSR www.anantaajournal.com stage Received: 02-08-2020 Accepted: 09-10-2020 Dr. Arindam Mondal Dr. Arindam Mondal Guest Lecturer, Abstract Department of Sanskrit, Sanskrit Language has a greater stock of words than any other language ever known to the philological Bhangar Mahavidyalaya under the University of Calcutta, West world. It proves the intellectual capacity of the Indo-Aryans in early days. Sanskrit language is grave and Bengal, India serious. There are two types of Languages – Vedic and Classical Sanskrit Language. As per Veda, such process is an ancient root that it is quite different from the Classical Sanskrit Language. Ācārya Pāṇini wrote the grammar of both the Veda and Classical Sanskrit language. The grammar of Sanskrit language has grown spontaneously with the utterance of meaningful sentences. The sentence is a collection of words in proper order to express proper sense. Sanskrit grammar has got the unique position of a chequered history of evolution through a considerable number of schools, Pre-Pāṇinian, Pāṇinian and post-Pāṇinian, each having a vast literature comprising sūtra text, commentaries, appendix and the like. The theory of grammar relating to the history of Sanskrit grammar focuses on Panini as point of reference to determine the division of historical ages. The first of the three ages is the Pre-Pāṇinian age. It is not sure when the grammar practice during Pre-Pāṇinian age started or who started it, but it can generally be said that practice of Sanskrit grammar began after some period of the discovery and introduction of Sanskrit language.
    [Show full text]
  • Jagadguru Speaks: Shankara, the World Teacher
    Jagadguru Speaks Page 1 of 2 Jagadguru Speaks: Shankara, the World Teacher There are many kinds of people in the world. Their life style is formed in accordance with their own samskaras . Only the one who can show all of them the way to lead a righteous life can be called a Jagadguru . There is no doubt that Adi Sankara was such a Jagadguru . Sankara gave upadesa in jnana to those who wished to tread the path of knowledge. In his works, he has given extensive advice on jnana . For those people who could not go along the jnana marga , he taught karma yoga . His valuable advice to chant the Vedas daily and do the prescribed karmas was meant for those following the path of duty. For those who were unable to follow this advice, he prescribed the way of bhakti . As he said, such people will find it useful to recite the Gita and Vishnusahasranama and think of Hari at all times. The paths of karma , bhakti and jnana are thus conducive to man’s welfare. Adi Sankara who prescribed these various yogas for all people is indeed worshipful. The very remembrance of him is bound to bestow good to all. file://C:\journal\vol1no3\jagadguru.html 9/7/2007 Jagadguru Speaks Page 2 of 2 With absolutely no doubt in my mind, I bow to Sankara Bhagavatpada who, like Lord Siva, was always surrounded by four disciples. file://C:\journal\vol1no3\jagadguru.html 9/7/2007 From the President, SVBF Page 1 of 2 From the President, SVBF Greetings.
    [Show full text]
  • PANTHIBHOJANAM: a Story of Adaptation
    IRA-International Journal of Education & Multidisciplinary Studies ISSN 2455–2526; Vol.04, Issue 01 (2016) Institute of Research Advances http://research-advances.org/index.php/IJEMS PANTHIBHOJANAM: A Story of Adaptation Anjana Treesa Joseph MPhil Scholar Department of English University of Calicut, India. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v4.n1.p2 How to cite this paper: Joseph, A. (2016). PANTHIBHOJANAM: A Story of Adaptation. IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies (ISSN 2455– 2526), 4(1). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v4.n1.p2 © Institute of Research Advances This works is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License subject to proper citation to the publication source of the work. Disclaimer: The scholarly papers as reviewed and published by the Institute of Research Advances (IRA) are the views and opinions of their respective authors and are not the views or opinions of the IRA. The IRA disclaims of any harm or loss caused due to the published content to any party. 10 IRA-International Journal of Education & Multidisciplinary Studies “Art is derived from other art; stories are born of other stories” Adaptation, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, has a plurality of meanings and applications, but mostly alludes to the process of changing to suit an alternative purpose, function, or environment; i.e., the alteration of one thing to suit another. Adaptations are not new to our times. Shakespeare transferred the history of his culture from page to stage. Aeschylus, Racine, Goethe are all known to have done the same, retelling the old familiar stories to a new audience, using a new medium.
    [Show full text]
  • Editors Seek the Blessings of Mahasaraswathi
    OM GAM GANAPATHAYE NAMAH I MAHASARASWATHYAI NAMAH Editors seek the blessings of MahaSaraswathi Kamala Shankar (Editor-in-Chief) Laxmikant Joshi Chitra Padmanabhan Madhu Ramesh Padma Chari Arjun I Shankar Srikali Varanasi Haranath Gnana Varsha Narasimhan II Thanks to the Authors Adarsh Ravikumar Omsri Bharat Akshay Ravikumar Prerana Gundu Ashwin Mohan Priyanka Saha Anand Kanakam Pranav Raja Arvind Chari Pratap Prasad Aravind Rajagopalan Pavan Kumar Jonnalagadda Ashneel K Reddy Rohit Ramachandran Chandrashekhar Suresh Rohan Jonnalagadda Divya Lambah Samika S Kikkeri Divya Santhanam Shreesha Suresha Dr. Dharwar Achar Srinivasan Venkatachari Girish Kowligi Srinivas Pyda Gokul Kowligi Sahana Kribakaran Gopi Krishna Sruti Bharat Guruganesh Kotta Sumedh Goutam Vedanthi Harsha Koneru Srinath Nandakumar Hamsa Ramesha Sanjana Srinivas HCCC Y&E Balajyothi class S Srinivasan Kapil Gururangan Saurabh Karmarkar Karthik Gururangan Sneha Koneru Komal Sharma Sadhika Malladi Katyayini Satya Srivishnu Goutam Vedanthi Kaushik Amancherla Saransh Gupta Medha Raman Varsha Narasimhan Mahadeva Iyer Vaishnavi Jonnalagadda M L Swamy Vyleen Maheshwari Reddy Mahith Amancherla Varun Mahadevan Nikky Cherukuthota Vaishnavi Kashyap Narasimham Garudadri III Contents Forword VI Preface VIII Chairman’s Message X President’s Message XI Significance of Maha Kumbhabhishekam XII Acharya Bharadwaja 1 Acharya Kapil 3 Adi Shankara 6 Aryabhatta 9 Bhadrachala Ramadas 11 Bhaskaracharya 13 Bheeshma 15 Brahmagupta Bhillamalacarya 17 Chanakya 19 Charaka 21 Dhruva 25 Draupadi 27 Gargi
    [Show full text]
  • Similarities Between Emperor Chandragupta Ii (Vikramaditya) and Emperor Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar
    ISSN (Online): 2455-3662 EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal Volume: 7 | Issue: 6 | June 2021|| Journal DOI: 10.36713/epra2013 || SJIF Impact Factor 2021: 8.047 || ISI Value: 1.188 SIMILARITIES BETWEEN EMPEROR CHANDRAGUPTA II (VIKRAMADITYA) AND EMPEROR JALALUDDIN MUHAMMAD AKBAR Rajesh Sonkusare Assistant Professor (History), Mhr. Sharad Pawar College of Art, Commerce and Science R.T.M.Nagpur University, Nagpur Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra7289 DOI No: 10.36713/epra7289 ABSTRACT In the history of a great country like India, there have been many rulers since ancient times who ruled different regions of India at different times. But few of these rulers are called great rulers. Maurya ruler Chandragupta Maurya and Emperor Ashoka, Gupta ruler Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya), Vardhana ruler Harshavardhana, Kushan emperor Kanishka, Satavahana ruler Gautamiputra Satkarni, Chalukya ruler Pulakeshi II, Chola rulers Rajaraja Chola and Rajendra Chola, Rashtrakuta ruler Amoghvarsh, Pratihar ruler Mihira bhoja, Mughal emperor Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar are named. Among these great rulers of India were two rulers whose lives and work were very similar. The rulers were the Gupta emperor Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) and the Mughal emperor Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar. The similarity between Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) and Jalaluddin Mohammad Akbar is that the grandfather of both the rulers was the real founder of their kingdom. Both the rulers came to power through struggle (war). Both the rulers were tolerant rulers. The empire of the two rulers extended from present day Pakistan in the north to the mouth of the river Narmada in the south and from the mouth of the river Ganga in the east to the mouth of the river Indus in the west.
    [Show full text]
  • Story of the Tongue and the Text the Narrative Tradition
    Story of the Tongue and the Text The Narrative Tradition Gulammohammed Sheikh Somadeva’s Kathasaritsagar believed to be an abridged version of Gunadhya’s Brihatkatha now lost, opens with Paravati coaxing Shiva to regale her with stories never told before.1 Shiva reminds Parvati of her all-knowing powers and parries her with the story of her own past life. She chides him for not taking her seriously. Put to his mettle Shiva muses : The devas are ever too self-contented and mortals perennially in distress, neither really would make ideal material for stories, so I’ll tell the tales of the Vidyadharas2 for they quintessentially combine human and divine nature. Parvati desires exclusivity and orders Nandi to guard the entrance from intruders. However, Pushpadanta, a favourite gana (attendant) of Shiva curious at the goings-on in the secret enclosure enters invisibly by yogic powers to share the stories. When Parvati finds out, she curses him to go through a cycle of life as a mortal. Another gana who pleads for mercy meets a similar predicament, is cursed, but succeeds in extracting a boon of deliverance. The liberation of the first gana born as the great grammarian Vararuchi depends upon his meeting an accursed earth spirit yaksha, reborn as demon, a pishacha in the deep Vindhya forests. This would enable him to regain memory of his past life and recite the tales he had heard from Shiva to the yaksha- pishacha. The deliverance of the yaksha himself from the pishacha yoni could take place only on his conveying the tales to the second gana, now born as the archetypal disseminator of Brihatkatha, Gunadhya – who is turn would find freedom from his curse by transmitting the tales to the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Prakrit, Sanskrit, and the Language Order of Premodern India
    Language of the Snakes Prakrit, Sanskrit, and the Language Order of Premodern India Andrew Ollett Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2016 ©2015 Andrew Ollett All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Language of the Snakes Andrew Ollett Language of the Snakes is a biography of Prakrit, one of premodern India’s most important and most neglected literary languages. Prakrit was the language of a literary tradition that flourished om roughly the 1st to the 12th century . During this period, it served as a counterpart to Sanskrit, the preeminent language of literature and learning in India. Together, Sanskrit and Prakrit were the foundation for an enduring “language order” that governed the way that people thought of and used language. Language of the Snakes traces the history of this language order through the historical articulations of Prakrit, which are set out here for the first time: its invention and cultivation among the royal courts of central India around the 1st century , its representation in classical Sanskrit and Prakrit texts, the ways it is made into an object of systematic knowledge, and ultimately its displacement om the language practices of literature. Prakrit is shown to have played a critical role in the establishment of the cultural-political formation now called the “Sanskrit cosmopolis,” as shown through a genealogy of its two key practices, courtly literature (kāvya-) and royal eulogy (praśasti-). It played a similarly critical role in the emergence of vernacular textuality, as it provided a model for language practices that diverged om Sanskrit but nevertheless possessed an identity and regularity of their own.
    [Show full text]
  • The Indian Contributions 18
    INDIANINDIAN CONTRIBUTIONSCONTRIBUTIONS TOTO SCIENCESCIENCE Compiled By Vijnana Bharati Indian Contributions To Science Indian Contributions To Science Compiled by Vijnana Bharati All rights reserved. No part of the publication may be reproduced in whole or in part, or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the written permission of the publisher. For information regarding permission, write to: Vijnana Bharati A-4, First Floor, Gulmohar Park, New Delhi- 110 049 Fourth Edition 2019 Contents Preface ..................................................................................................vii Vidyarthi Vigyan Manthan (VVM Edition – VIII) 2019-20......... ix Acknowledgement .................................................................................xi 1. India’s Contribution to Science and Technology .................1 (From Ancient to Modern) 2. Astronomy in India ...................................................................9 3. Chemistry in India: A Survey ................................................20 4. The Historical Evolution of....................................................30 Medicinal Tradition in Ancient India 5. Plant and Animal Science in Ancient India .........................39 6. Mathematics in India ..............................................................46 7. Metallurgy in India .................................................................58 8. Indian Traditional Knowledge on ........................................69
    [Show full text]
  • The Ashtadhyayi of Panini
    !"#$ %#%& The A∑†ådhyåy¥ of Påˆini interpreted according to The Kåßikåv®tti of Jayåditya and Våmana and translated into English by Ír¥ßa Chandra Vasu Originally Published 1891-1898 Påˆini ii A∑†ådhyåy¥ Original Publication Data Book Location Publisher Year I Allahabad Indian Press 1891 II Allahabad Satyajnan Chaterji 1894 III Allahabad Satyajnan Chaterji 1894 IV Benares Sindhu Charan Bose 1896 V Benares Sindhu Charan Bose 1897 VI Benares Sindhu Charan Bose 1897 VII Benares Sindhu Charan Bose 1897 VIII Benares Sindhu Charan Bose 1898 Chandra Vasu's translation of the A∑†ådhyåy¥ was originally scanned by Google Books and made available through their web site in eight separate parts. In the present edition these scans have been cleaned, straightened, repaired, and in some cases partially replaced, and the resulting files combined into a single volume of more than 1600 pages. This process made it impossible to preserve the original Google watermark, but Google's cover page has been retained for the reader's reference as part of the preliminary material. By way of introduction, excerpts of two additional works from the same era have been added to this compilation: an article on Sanskrit Grammar from the 1888 Encyclopedia Britannica, and an 1885 article on Sanskrit Grammarians from the Journal of the American Oriental Society. In the interests of clarity and accessibility, both pieces have been edited to eliminate footnotes, remove obscure references, update spelling, simplify the writing style, and so forth—hopefully without significantly altering the authors' meaning. Those who wish to delve into these matters more deeply are encouraged to consult the originals, both of which are available for free download from Google Books.
    [Show full text]