Many Faces of Mengenai Politik Islam Di Timur Tengah Yang Bdilakukan Oleh Peneliti Di Pusat Penelitian Politik LIPI Sejak 2013-2018

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Many Faces of Mengenai Politik Islam Di Timur Tengah Yang Bdilakukan Oleh Peneliti Di Pusat Penelitian Politik LIPI Sejak 2013-2018 uku ini merupakan hasil penelitian panjang Many Faces of mengenai Politik Islam di Timur Tengah yang Bdilakukan oleh peneliti di Pusat Penelitian Politik LIPI sejak 2013-2018. Arah Baru Gerakan Politik Islam Pasca- Arah Baru Gerakan Politik Many Faces of Political Islam in the Middle East Many Faces of Political Political Buku ini mengupas secara komprehensif dan mencoba of “The publication of Many Faces of menjawab berbagai hal, seperti bagaimana pengaruh Many Faces Political Islam in the Middle East: The gelombang pasca Arab Spring terhadap negara-negara New Direction of the Post-Arab Spring di Timur Tengah? Bagaimana wajah politik Islam di Islamic Political Movement is very timely Islam kawasan Timur Tengah? dan Bagaimana sikap negara- to deepen the meaning of the latest in the Middle East negara di kawasan Timur Tengah dalam menghadapi trends of the current political tantangan dari prilaku politik yang sangat dinamis Arah Baru Gerakan Politik Islam movement in the Middle East. Starting pasca Arab Spring? Political from the assumption that the ideology Pasca-Arab Spring and work of the Islamic movement is Simak selengkapnya dalam buku ini. Selamat membaca. not monolithic and homogeneous, the chapters in this book — the result of a study by Indonesian researchers — “Many Faces of Political Islam in the “Buku ini sangat penting dalam beberapa hal: pertama, membahas dinamika dan kompleksitas highlight the similarities and differences Middle East is a fine piece of work that politik Islam di Timur Tengah kontemporer; kedua, menggambarkan gejolak transisi dari between the experiences of Islamic Arab Spring deals with the dynamics of Islamic otoritarianisme ke demokrasi di beberapa negara Arab; ketiga, mendorong kajian komparatif movements in the Middle East through political movements in the Middle East tentang politik Islam dan transisi menuju demokrasi dengan Indonesia yang sama-sama Islam the Arab Spring. This book will be the and North Africa. It is an important berpenduduk mayoritas Muslim. Dengan cakupannya yang luas, karya ini menjadi bacaan in the Middle East main reference application of the post- reference for scholars and students wajib bagi setiap dan seluruh pengkaji dan peminat kajian Timur Tengah atau Dunia Arab, Islamism perspective in understanding who are trying to make sense of the politik Islam dan demokrasi.” Arah Baru Gerakan Politik Islam the dynamics of Islamic politics in the resurgence of these Islamist —Prof. Azyumardi Azra, CBE Middle East. This work is suitable for movements and how they dominated Guru Besar Sejarah Komparatif Masyarakat-Masyarakat Muslim Pasca-Arab Spring reference by scientists, students, foreign the political sense and shaped its policy makers and also general readers horizons before and after the outbreak “Timur Tengah (dan juga Afrika Utara) menjadi kawasan yg paling dinamis bahkan membara, who want to delve into the post-Arab of the Arab spring in the second decade terutama sejak Arab Spring yg telah berkembang menjadi "Arab Summer" yg masih membawa Spring political developments.” of the twenty-one century.” hawa panas konflik di Suriah dan Yaman. Begitu juga, bagian dunia ini menjadi kawasan —Ishtiaq Hossein —Ahmed Ibrahim Abushouk "perang perwakilan" (proxy war) khususnya antara Arab Saudi dan Iran, yg menampilkan Assoc. Professor of Professor of Modern "Perang Dingin" antara dua blok teologis, Sunni dan Syiah, juga antara kekuatan-kekuatan International Relations and Contemporary History, bipolar dan multipolar dunia. Semuanya membawa resonansi ke Dunia Islam dan dunia pada International Islamic University Malaysia Qatar University umumnya, dan mempengaruhi perubahan geopolitik dan geoekonomi global. Maka buku yg (IIUM) menganalisa perkembangan Kawasan TimTeng ini menjadi penting dan perlu dibaca.” Editor: —Prof. M. Din Syamsuddin Guru Besar Politik Islam Global FISIP UIN Jakarta Wahyudhi Nostalgiawan Editor: Nostalgiawan Wahyudhi Ketua Umum PP Muhammadiyah (2005–2015) Penulis: Diterbitkan oleh: ISBN 978-602-496-151-0 LIPI Press, anggota Ikapi Nostalgiawan Wahyudhi M. Fakhry Ghafur Gedung PDDI LIPI Lt. 6 Jln. Jend. Gatot Subroto 10, Jakarta Selatan 12710 Dhurorudin Mashad M. Hamdan Basyar Telp.: (021) 573 3465 | Whatsapp 0812 2228 485 Buku ini tidak diperjualbelikan. E-mail: [email protected] Website: lipipress.lipi.go.id | penerbit.lipi.go.id 9 786024 961510 uku ini merupakan hasil penelitian panjang Many Faces of mengenai Politik Islam di Timur Tengah yang Bdilakukan oleh peneliti di Pusat Penelitian Politik LIPI sejak 2013-2018. Arah Baru Gerakan Politik Islam Pasca- Arah Baru Gerakan Politik Many Faces of Political Islam in the Middle East Many Faces of Political Political Buku ini mengupas secara komprehensif dan mencoba of “The publication of Many Faces of menjawab berbagai hal, seperti bagaimana pengaruh Many Faces Political Islam in the Middle East: The gelombang pasca Arab Spring terhadap negara-negara New Direction of the Post-Arab Spring di Timur Tengah? Bagaimana wajah politik Islam di Islamic Political Movement is very timely Islam kawasan Timur Tengah? dan Bagaimana sikap negara- to deepen the meaning of the latest in the Middle East negara di kawasan Timur Tengah dalam menghadapi trends of the current political tantangan dari prilaku politik yang sangat dinamis Arah Baru Gerakan Politik Islam movement in the Middle East. Starting pasca Arab Spring? Political from the assumption that the ideology Pasca-Arab Spring and work of the Islamic movement is Simak selengkapnya dalam buku ini. Selamat membaca. not monolithic and homogeneous, the chapters in this book — the result of a study by Indonesian researchers — “Many Faces of Political Islam in the “Buku ini sangat penting dalam beberapa hal: pertama, membahas dinamika dan kompleksitas highlight the similarities and differences Middle East is a fine piece of work that politik Islam di Timur Tengah kontemporer; kedua, menggambarkan gejolak transisi dari between the experiences of Islamic Arab Spring deals with the dynamics of Islamic otoritarianisme ke demokrasi di beberapa negara Arab; ketiga, mendorong kajian komparatif movements in the Middle East through political movements in the Middle East tentang politik Islam dan transisi menuju demokrasi dengan Indonesia yang sama-sama Islam the Arab Spring. This book will be the and North Africa. It is an important berpenduduk mayoritas Muslim. Dengan cakupannya yang luas, karya ini menjadi bacaan in the Middle East main reference application of the post- reference for scholars and students wajib bagi setiap dan seluruh pengkaji dan peminat kajian Timur Tengah atau Dunia Arab, Islamism perspective in understanding who are trying to make sense of the politik Islam dan demokrasi.” Arah Baru Gerakan Politik Islam the dynamics of Islamic politics in the resurgence of these Islamist —Prof. Azyumardi Azra, CBE Middle East. This work is suitable for movements and how they dominated Guru Besar Sejarah Komparatif Masyarakat-Masyarakat Muslim Pasca-Arab Spring reference by scientists, students, foreign the political sense and shaped its policy makers and also general readers horizons before and after the outbreak “Timur Tengah (dan juga Afrika Utara) menjadi kawasan yg paling dinamis bahkan membara, who want to delve into the post-Arab of the Arab spring in the second decade terutama sejak Arab Spring yg telah berkembang menjadi "Arab Summer" yg masih membawa Spring political developments.” of the twenty-one century.” hawa panas konflik di Suriah dan Yaman. Begitu juga, bagian dunia ini menjadi kawasan —Ishtiaq Hossein —Ahmed Ibrahim Abushouk "perang perwakilan" (proxy war) khususnya antara Arab Saudi dan Iran, yg menampilkan Assoc. Professor of Professor of Modern "Perang Dingin" antara dua blok teologis, Sunni dan Syiah, juga antara kekuatan-kekuatan International Relations and Contemporary History, bipolar dan multipolar dunia. Semuanya membawa resonansi ke Dunia Islam dan dunia pada International Islamic University Malaysia Qatar University umumnya, dan mempengaruhi perubahan geopolitik dan geoekonomi global. Maka buku yg (IIUM) menganalisa perkembangan Kawasan TimTeng ini menjadi penting dan perlu dibaca.” Editor: —Prof. M. Din Syamsuddin Guru Besar Politik Islam Global FISIP UIN Jakarta Wahyudhi Nostalgiawan Editor: Nostalgiawan Wahyudhi Ketua Umum PP Muhammadiyah (2005–2015) Penulis: Diterbitkan oleh: ISBN 978-602-496-151-0 LIPI Press, anggota Ikapi Nostalgiawan Wahyudhi M. Fakhry Ghafur Gedung PDDI LIPI Lt. 6 Jln. Jend. Gatot Subroto 10, Jakarta Selatan 12710 Dhurorudin Mashad M. Hamdan Basyar Telp.: (021) 573 3465 | Whatsapp 0812 2228 485 Buku ini tidak diperjualbelikan. E-mail: [email protected] Website: lipipress.lipi.go.id | penerbit.lipi.go.id 9 786024 961510 Buku ini tidak diperjualbelikan. diperjualbelikan. Dilarang mereproduksi atau memperbanyak seluruh atau sebagian dari buku ini dalam bentuk atau cara apa pun tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit. tidak © Hak cipta dilindungi oleh Undang-Undang No. 28 Tahun 2014 ini All Rights Reserved Buku LIPI Press Buku ini tidak diperjualbelikan. © 2020 Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) Pusat Penelitian Politik Katalog dalam Terbitan (KDT) Many Faces of Political Islam in the Middle East: Arah Baru Gerakan Politik Islam Pasca-Arab Spring/Nostalgiawan Wahyudhi (Ed.)−Jakarta: LIPI Press, 2020. xi hlm. + 252 hlm.; 14,8 × 21 cm ISBN 978-602-496-170-1 (cetak) 978-602-496-151-0 (e-book) 1. Politik Islam 2. Demokrasi 3. Arab 297.272 Copy editor : Fadly Suhendra dan Tantri Dwi A. Proofreader : Noviastuti Putri Indrasari
Recommended publications
  • Lights: the Messa Quarterly
    997 LIGHTS: THE MESSA QUARTERLY FALL 2012 Volume 2, Issue 1 Copyright © 2012 by the Middle Eastern Studies Students’ Association at the University of Chicago. All rights reserved. No part of this publication’s text may be reproduced or utilized in any way or by any means, electronic, mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information stor- age and retrieval system without written permission from the Middle Eastern Studies Students’ Association board or by the permission of the authors in- cluded in this edition. This journal is supported in parts by the Center for Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Chicago. Lights: The MESSA Journal Fall 2012 Vol. 2 No. 1 The Middle Eastern Studies Students’ Association’s Subcommittee of Publications at The University of Chicago Winter 2012 Staff Executive board: Gwendolyn Collaço, Graphic Design and Digital Editor John Macdonald, Review Editor Nadia Qazi, Production Editor August Samie, Submissions Editor and Managing Editor Peer reviewers: Gwendolyn Collaço Carol Fan Golriz Farshi Gordon Cooper Klose Amr Tarek Leheta Johan McDonald Kara Peruccio Nadia Qazi Tasha Ramos Mohmmad Sagha August Samie Armaan Siddiqi Samee Sulaiman Patrick Thevenow Andy Ver Steegh Patrick Zemanek Editors: Daniel Burnham Amy Frake Gordon Cooper Klose Nour Merza Emily Mitchell Brianne Reeves Faculty Advisors: Dr. Fred M. Donner and Dr. John E. Woods Table of Contents Featured Master’s Thesis: Reading Parsipur through the Eyes of Heday- at’s Blind Owl: Tracing the Origin of Magical Realism in Modern Persian Prose, by Saba Sulaiman................................................................................. 1 Branding a Country and Constructing an Alternative Modernity with Muslim Women: A Content Analysis of the United Arab Emirates, by Kateland Haas...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Kebijakan Luar Negeri Qatar Dalam Memberikan Dukungan Terhadap National Transitional Council (Ntc) Terkait Krisis Politik Di Libya (2011-2012)
    KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI QATAR DALAM MEMBERIKAN DUKUNGAN TERHADAP NATIONAL TRANSITIONAL COUNCIL (NTC) TERKAIT KRISIS POLITIK DI LIBYA (2011-2012) Skripsi Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) Oleh: Rahmi Kamilah 1110113000050 PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA JAKARTA 2014 PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIARISME Skripsi yang berjudul: KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI QATAR DALAM MEMBERIKAN DUKUNGAN TERHADAP PIHAK NATIONAL TRANSITIONAL COUNCIL (NTC) TERKAIT KRISIS POLITIK DI LIBYA (2011-2012) 1. Merupakan hasil karya saya yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan memperoleh gelar Strata 1 di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Semua sumber yang saya gunakan dalam penulisan ini telah saya cantumkan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 3. Jika di kemudian hari terbukti bahwa karya saya ini bukan hasil karya asli saya atau merupakan hasil jiplakan dari karya orang lain, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi yang berlaku di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Jakarta, 23 Oktober 2014 Rahmi Kamilah ii iii iv ABSTRAKSI Skripsi ini menganalisa tentang kebijakan luar negeri Qatar terkait krisis politik di Libya pada periode 2011-2012. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk melihat faktor apa saja yang mendorong Qatar untuk memberikan dukungan kepada pihak oposisi dalam krisis politik di Libya. Sumber data yang diperoleh untuk melengkapi penulisan skripsi ini ialah melalui pengumpulan studi kepustakaan. Dalam skripsi ini ditemukan bahwa fenomena Arab Spring yang terjadi di Timur Tengah berdampak luas terhadap perpolitikan kawasan tersebut. Salah satu faktor utama yang mendorong gerakan revolusi ialah permasalahan ekonomi. Qatar, sebagai negara dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi menjadi salah satu negara kawasan yang tidak mengalami revolusi tersebut.
    [Show full text]
  • Ennahda's Approach to Tunisia's Constitution
    BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER ANALYSIS PAPER Number 10, February 2014 CONVINCE, COERCE, OR COMPROMISE? ENNAHDA’S APPROACH TO TUNISIA’S CONSTITUTION MONICA L. MARKS B ROOKINGS The Brookings Institution is a private non-profit organization. Its mission is to conduct high- quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings publication are solely those of its author(s) and do not reflect the views of the Institution, its management, or its scholars. Copyright © 2014 THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 U.S.A. www.brookings.edu BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER Saha 43, Building 63, West Bay, Doha, Qatar www.brookings.edu/doha TABLE OF C ONN T E T S I. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................1 II. Introduction ......................................................................................................................3 III. Diverging Assessments .................................................................................................4 IV. Ennahda as an “Army?” ..............................................................................................8 V. Ennahda’s Introspection .................................................................................................11 VI. Challenges of Transition ................................................................................................13
    [Show full text]
  • First: One-Party Rule (1953-1976)
    Emergence of the political parties in Egypt in the 19th century was a reflection of social, eco- nomic and cultural interactions as well as certain historical, national and political circum- stances, leading to the creation and development of modern institutions of government adminis- tration and society in Egypt such as the parliament, the cabinet, political parties, syndicates, etc. Emergence of the political parties in Egypt has been gradual and gone through successive stages. Political parties have firstly been formed as secret societies that were followed by formation of political groups. The National Democratic Party (NDP) was the first party formed in 1907 by Mostafa Kamel. In less than ten years, there was a great variety in these parties; in their nature, formation, organization, power, their popular base and platforms. There were national parties, groups dom- inated by the royal palace, others formed by the occupation authority as well as ideological par- ties expressing certain ideologies. In 1907-1920, the already formed political parties in Egypt were a starting signal for the dis- semination of political parties in Egypt; however, they were restricted due to the British occupa- tion and the Egyptian subordination to the Ottoman Empire. The February 1922 Declaration acknowledging Egypt’s independence and the issuance of the 1923 Constitution have led to establishing a royal constitutional rule based on party pluralism and principles of liberal democracy. During 1923-1952, Egypt witnessed a remarkable experience rich in political and democratic practices, however, such an experience was marked with many defects such as the British occu- pation, foreign intervention in Egypt’s affairs and the royal palace’s interference in political life.
    [Show full text]
  • Esi Document Id 128.Pdf
    Generation Facebook in Baku Adnan, Emin and the Future of Dissent in Azerbaijan Berlin – Istanbul 15 March 2011 “... they know from their own experience in 1968, and from the Polish experience in 1980-1981, how suddenly a society that seems atomized, apathetic and broken can be transformed into an articulate, united civil society. How private opinion can become public opinion. How a nation can stand on its feet again. And for this they are working and waiting, under the ice.” Timothy Garton Ash about Charter 77 in communist Czechoslovakia, February 1984 “How come our nation has been able to transcend the dilemma so typical of defeated societies, the hopeless choice between servility and despair?” Adam Michnik, Letter from the Gdansk Prison, July 1985 Table of contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... I Cast of Characters .......................................................................................................................... II 1. BIRTHDAY FLOWERS ........................................................................................................ 1 2. A NEW GENERATION ......................................................................................................... 4 A. Birth of a nation .............................................................................................................. 4 B. How (not) to make a revolution .....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • People's Power
    #2 May 2011 Special Issue PersPectives Political analysis and commentary from the Middle East PeoPle’s Power the arab world in revolt Published by the Heinrich Böll stiftung 2011 This work is licensed under the conditions of a Creative Commons license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. You can download an electronic version online. You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work under the following conditions: Attribution - you must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work); Noncommercial - you may not use this work for commercial purposes; No Derivative Works - you may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. editor-in-chief: Layla Al-Zubaidi editors: Doreen Khoury, Anbara Abu-Ayyash, Joachim Paul Layout: Catherine Coetzer, c2designs, Cédric Hofstetter translators: Mona Abu-Rayyan, Joumana Seikaly, Word Gym Ltd. cover photograph: Gwenael Piaser Printed by: www.coloursps.com Additional editing, print edition: Sonya Knox Opinions expressed in articles are those of their authors, and not HBS. heinrich böll Foundation – Middle east The Heinrich Böll Foundation, associated with the German Green Party, is a legally autonomous and intellectually open political foundation. Our foremost task is civic education in Germany and abroad with the aim of promoting informed democratic opinion, socio-political commitment and mutual understanding. In addition, the Heinrich Böll Foundation supports artistic, cultural and scholarly projects, as well as cooperation in the development field. The political values of ecology, democracy, gender democracy, solidarity and non-violence are our chief points of reference.
    [Show full text]
  • Turmoil in the Middle East
    Turmoil in the Middle East Standard Note: SN/IA/5902 Last updated: 28 March 2011 Author: Ben Smith Section International Affairs and Defence Section This note looks at the instability in the Middle East and North Africa since the Tunisian and Egyptian uprisings. Source: worldmap.org This information is provided to Members of Parliament in support of their parliamentary duties and is not intended to address the specific circumstances of any particular individual. It should not be relied upon as being up to date; the law or policies may have changed since it was last updated; and it should not be relied upon as legal or professional advice or as a substitute for it. A suitably qualified professional should be consulted if specific advice or information is required. This information is provided subject to our general terms and conditions which are available online or may be provided on request in hard copy. Authors are available to discuss the content of this briefing with Members and their staff, but not with the general public. Contents 1 Tunisia and Egypt 3 2 Algeria 4 2.1 Background 4 2.2 Unrest in 2011 5 2.3 Algeria basic information 5 3 Bahrain 6 3.1 Increasing repression 7 3.2 Unrest in 2011 8 3.3 Saudi forces move in 9 3.4 Bahrain- Basic information 9 4 Iran 10 4.1 Unrest in 2011 10 4.2 Iran- basic information 11 5 Jordan 11 5.1 Unrest in 2011 11 5.2 Jordan- basic information 12 6 Libya 13 6.1 Unrest in 2011 14 6.2 International reaction 15 6.3 Refugees 17 6.4 Libya- basic information 17 7 Morocco 18 7.1 Morocco- basic information
    [Show full text]
  • [Tunisia, 2013-2015] Tunisia
    Case Study Series Women in Peace & Transition Processes: [Tunisia, 2013-2015] December 2019 Name of process Tunisia Constituent Assembly (2013-2015) and National Dialogue Type of process Constitution-making The role of women in resolving Tunisia’s post-“Arab Spring” political crisis, which and political reform peaked in 2013, was limited, but not insignificant. Institutionalized influence Modality of women's was very limited: there was no formal inclusion of women’s groups in the main inclusion: negotiations of the 2013/2014 National Dialogue and the influence of organized • Consultations advocacy was also limited in the pre-negotiation and implementation phases. • Inclusive commission For example, the women’s caucus formed in the Tunisian National Constituent • Mass mobilization Assembly (Tunisia’s Parliament from the end of 2011 to 2014, hereafter NCA) Women’s influence could not prevail over party politics and was not institutionalized. However, in the process: individual women played decisive roles in all three phases: one of the four main Moderate influence due to: civil society mediators, who not only facilitated the main negotiations, but also • + The progressive legislation in initiated the dialogue process and held consultations to determine the agenda Tunisia on women's rights and in the pre-negotiation phase, was a woman, (Ouided Bouchamaoui President political participation of the Tunisian Union of Industry, Commerce and Crafts (UTICA), from 2011 • + The influential role and status to 2018). A small number of women represented political parties in the of individual women negotiations of the National Dialogue. And women were active in consultations • - The lack of organized and group-specific women's and commissions concerning the National Dialogue, before, in parallel or after involvement the main negotiation period, for example in the consensus committee of the • - The involvement of relatively National Constituent Assembly.
    [Show full text]
  • Govts Seek Facebook Info
    SUBSCRIPTION WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 28, 2013 SHAWWAL 21, 1434 AH www.kuwaittimes.net Brotherhood US heat wave Wildfire rages on, Arsenal in CL leader denies prompts early threatens San for 16th ‘terror’ 7claims school10 dismissals Francisco10 water straight20 year Max 45º ‘Ready to hit’ Min 31º High Tide 03:48 & 17:31 West powers could attack Syria ‘in days’ Low Tide 11:01 & 22:52 40 PAGES NO: 15911 150 FILS AMMAN: Western powers could attack Syria within days, envoys from the United States and its allies have told rebels fighting President Bashar Al-Assad, sources who attended the meeting said yesterday. US forces in the region are “ready to go”, Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel said, as Washington and its European and Middle Eastern partners honed plans to punish Assad for a major poison gas attack last week that killed hundreds of civilians. Several sources who attended a meeting in Istanbul on Monday between Syrian opposition leaders and diplomats from Washington and other governments said that the rebels were told to expect military action and to get ready to negotiate a peace. “The opposition was told in clear terms that action to deter further use of chemical weapons by the Assad regime could come as early as in the next few days, and that they should still prepare for peace talks at Geneva,” one of the sources said. Ahmad Jarba, president of the Syrian National Coalition, met envoys from 11 states in the Friends of Syria group, including Robert Ford, the US ambassador to Syria, at an Istanbul hotel. United Nations chemical weapons investigators, who finally crossed the frontline to take samples on Monday, put off a second trip to rebel-held suburbs of Damascus.
    [Show full text]
  • AC Vol 40 No 10
    23 July 1999 Vol 40 No 15 AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL ALGERIA 3 ORGANISATION OF AFRICAN UNITY Alger l'Africaine President Bouteflika reestablished Tougher talk Algeria's anti-colonial credentials when he hosted the OAU summit Africa's big three - Algeria, Nigeria and South Africa - focused the and marketed his country as a summit on peace talks and ending military rule dynamic economy at the junction of Africa, Europe and the Middle For once, the Organisation of African Unity caught the mood of the continent, balanced uneasily East. He wanted to show visitors between hope and despair. Hope that, after shaky ceasefire agreements in Congo-Kinshasa and that national reconciliation was Sierra Leone, the Algiers OAU summit (12-16 July) might progress towards resolving the conflicts working and convinced many. ripping through over one-fifth of Africa’s 53 states. Despair that good intentions are far from realisation, as economic weakness persists and old conflicts linger on in Angola and Sudan. Yet by FRANCE/OIL 4 the standards of summits in general and OAU summits in particular, it was constructive. Zambia’s President Frederick Chiluba flew off to Congo-K to persuade the quarrelling rebel Totally elfin factions to sign the 10 July Lusaka peace accord; Nigeria’s President Olusegun Obasanjo flew to For decades the oil company Elf meet embattled President José Eduardo dos Santos in Luanda; United Nations Secretary General Aquitaine has played a key role for Kofi Annan flew back to New York (via Slovakia) with proposals for UN help in peacemaking in French policy in Africa. After its Congo, Sierra Leone and Eritrea-Ethiopia.
    [Show full text]
  • Ansar Al-Sharia in Tunisia (AST)
    Ansar al-Sharia in Tunisia (AST) Name: Ansar al-Sharia in Tunisia (AST) Type of Organization: Insurgent non-state actor religious social services provider terrorist transnational violent Ideologies and Affiliations: ISIS–affiliated group Islamist jihadist Qutbist Salafist Sunni takfiri Place of Origin: Tunisia Year of Origin: 2011 Founder(s): Seifallah Ben Hassine Places of Operation: Tunisia Overview Also Known As: Al-Qayrawan Media Foundation1 Partisans of Sharia in Tunisia7 Ansar al-Sharia2 Shabab al-Tawhid (ST)8 Ansar al-Shari’ah3 Supporters of Islamic Law9 Ansar al-Shari’a in Tunisia (AAS-T)4 Supporters of Islamic Law in Tunisia10 Ansar al-Shari’ah in Tunisia5 Supporters of Sharia in Tunisia11 Partisans of Islamic Law in Tunisia6 Executive Summary: Ansar al-Sharia in Tunisia (AST) was a Salafist group that was prominent in Tunisia from 2011 to 2013.12 AST sought to implement sharia (Islamic law) in the country and used violence in furtherance of that goal under the banner of hisbah (the duty to command moral acts and prohibit immoral ones).13 AST also actively engaged in dawa (Islamic missionary work), which took on many forms but were largely centered upon Ansar al-Sharia in Tunisia (AST) the provision of public services.14 Accordingly, AST found a receptive audience among Tunisians frustrated with the political instability and dire economic conditions that followed the 2011 Tunisian Revolution.15 The group received logistical support from al-Qaeda central, al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), Ansar al-Sharia in Libya (ASL), and later, from ISIS.16 AST was designated as a terrorist group by the United States, the United Nations, and Tunisia, among others.17 AST was originally conceived in a Tunisian prison by 20 Islamist inmates in 2006, according to Aaron Zelin at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic and Social Council
    UNITED NATIONS E Economic and Social Distr. Council GENERAL E/CN.4/2004/62/Add.1 26 March 2004 ENGLISH/FRENCH/SPANISH ONLY COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Sixtieth session Agenda item 11 (c) CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS, INCLUDING QUESTIONS OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION The right to freedom of opinion and expression Addendum ∗ Summary of cases transmitted to Governments and replies received ∗ ∗ The present document is being circulated in the language of submission only as it greatly exceeds the page limitations currently imposed by the relevant General Assembly resolutions GE.04-12400 E/CN.4/2004/62/Add.1 Page 2 CONTENTS Paragraphs Page Introduction 1 – 2 5 SUMMARY OF CASES TRANSMITTED AND REPLIES RECEIVED 3 – 387 5 Afghanistan 3 – 5 5 Albania 6 – 7 6 Algeria 8 – 25 6 Argentina 26 – 34 11 Armenia 35 – 38 13 Azerbaijan 39 – 66 15 Bangladesh 67 – 87 30 Belarus 88 – 94 36 Benin 95 – 96 39 Bolivia 97 – 102 39 Botswana 103 – 106 42 Brazil 107 -108 43 Burkina Faso 109 -111 43 Cambodia 112 – 115 44 Cameroon 116 – 127 45 Central African Republic 128 – 132 49 Chad 133 – 135 50 Chile 136 – 138 51 China 139 – 197 52 Colombia 198 – 212 71 Comoros 213 – 214 75 Côte d’Ivoire 215 – 219 75 Cuba 220 – 237 77 Democratic Republic of the Congo 238 – 257 82 Djibouti 258 – 260 90 Dominican Republic 261 – 262 91 Ecuador 263 – 266 91 Egypt 267 – 296 92 El Salvador 297 – 298 100 Eritrea 299 – 315 100 Ethiopia 316 – 321 104 Gabon 322 – 325 106 Gambia 326 – 328 108 Georgia 329 – 332 109 Greece 333 – 334 111 Guatemala 335 – 347 111 Guinea-Bissau 348 – 351 116 E/CN.4/2004/62/Add.1
    [Show full text]