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Parties, Voters, and Activists: Building Ideological
PARTIES, VOTERS, AND ACTIVISTS: BUILDING IDEOLOGICAL LINKAGE IN DEVELOPING DEMOCRACIES A Dissertation by SE JIN KOO Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, Robert Harmel Committee Members, Dan Wood Marisa Kellam Hoi-Eun Kim Head of Department, William Clark December 2014 Major Subject: Political Science Copyright 2014 Se Jin Koo ABSTRACT This study addresses the question of why ideological parties and party systems emerge in some democracies but not in others, with a special focus on developing democracies. In delving into this question, I highlight the functions of ideology as a multilevel phenomenon, and examined the party-voter linkage mechanism based on policy programs at various angles. I assume that a party has strong ideological linkage (a) when those in the electorate who support the party feel a close ideological affinity for the party, (b) when the party has a clearly defined and ideologically distinct program, and (c) when party activists are ideologically motivated and coherent within the party. Focusing on each dimension, each empirical chapter evaluates the effects of institutions, socio-economic conditions, and democratic conditions. The methodology used for this multilevel approach is ‘tripartite,’ combining statistical analysis (large-N cross-national comparison), content analysis (case study) and traditional surveys (inter- and intra- country comparisons). First, by examining ideological affinity between parties and voters in 46 democracies, I find that the extent of perceived ideological affinity is determined by the age, size, and ideological position of a party and that institutional and economic factors are more important than democratic conditions for the development of ideological congruence of a party system. -
Title: Egypt – Political Parties – Young Egypt Party
Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: EGY33332 Country: Egypt Date: 12 May 2008 Keywords: Egypt – Political Parties – Young Egypt Party (Misr al-Fatah Party) This response was prepared by the Research & Information Services Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. This research response may not, under any circumstance, be cited in a decision or any other document. Anyone wishing to use this information may only cite the primary source material contained herein. Questions 1. Please provide a list of the political parties in Egypt. 2. Are there any reports about the attempted registration of the “Independent party” or the “Young Egypt Party”? 3. Are there any reports mentioning the Independent party or the Young Egypt Party? RESPONSE 1. Please provide a list of the political parties in Egypt. Egypt’s official State Information Service website lists the following political parties in Egypt: …During Mubarak’s era, the number of political parties in Egypt has increased to reach 24 parties. According to the ballot on March 26, 2007 Article (5) was amended to prohibit the establishment of any religious party “The political system of the Arab Republic of Egypt is a multiparty system, within the framework of the basic elements and principles of the Egyptian society as stipulated in the Constitution. Political parties are regulated by law. Citizens have the right to establish political parties according to the law and no political activity shall be exercised nor political parties established on a religious referential authority, on a religious basis or on discrimination on grounds of gender or origin”. -
Constitution-Making and Democratization
A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/132949 Copyright and reuse: This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications Constitution-making and Democratization: A Comparative Analysis of Tunisia and Egypt after the 2010/11 Uprisings Tereza Jermanová A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Politics and International Studies University of Warwick Department of Politics and International Studies September 2018 Table of Contents List of Figures and Tables .………………………………………………....…..…iii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... iv Abstract ...................................................................................................................... vi List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................ vii 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Setting the Scene: Constitutional Agreement and International Assistance for Constitution-makers -
Uprising in Egypt
Uprising in Egypt Standard Note: SN/IA/ 5865 Last updated: 15 March 2011 Author: Ben Smith Section International Affairs and Defence Section Egypt’s remarkably peaceful and dignified popular revolt has been greeted as a historic moment that will have enormous consequences throughout the Arab world. This note describes the background to the crisis provides a simple account of events since 25 January. It profiles groups and individuals involved and considers some likely outcomes. Summary • The demonstrations that led to hundreds of deaths in Cairo and elsewhere led to the Egyptian army ending its support for Hosni Mubarak, who was forced to stand down on 11 February • Mubarak remained in Egypt and has been banned from leaving the country • Power in the country is in the hands of the Higher Military Council • The prime minister has been replaced twice since the unrest began; the post is now occupied by Essam Sharaf, a former transport minister in the Mubarak government • Changes to the constitution have been proposed to strengthen judicial oversight of elections and to curtail the government’s freedom to introduce states of emergency • The changes have been criticised as leaving too much power in the hands of the presidency, but could at least provide for more convincing elections before a definitive new constitution could be drawn up • The uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt had a profound effect on the region, sweeping away any notion that Arabs do not want democracy and shaking autocratic regimes throughout the Muslim world • It is likely that the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel would remain in place, at least in the medium term; the Muslim Brotherhood has said that it does not want to dominate politics in Egypt and that, even if it were in control, its policy would be to put the treaty to referendum This information is provided to Members of Parliament in support of their parliamentary duties and is not intended to address the specific circumstances of any particular individual. -
Egypt Elections Roundup Issues Paper
Egypt Elections Roundup 2 April 2012 Contents Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 2 Results of People’s Assembly Elections .................................................................................................. 3 Results of Shura Council Elections .......................................................................................................... 5 MAIN PLAYERS ........................................................................................................................................ 7 The Freedom and Justice Party (Muslim Brotherhood) ...................................................................... 7 The Salafi Al-Nour (Light Party) ........................................................................................................... 9 Al-Wafd (Delegation Party) ............................................................................................................... 11 The Egypt Bloc ................................................................................................................................... 13 NEXT STEPS ........................................................................................................................................... 14 Constitution ...................................................................................................................................... 14 Presidential Elections ....................................................................................................................... -
Égypte\/Monde Arabe, 10
Égypte/Monde arabe 10 | 2013 Les élections de la révolution (2011-2012) Annexes Baudouin Long et Clément Steuer Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ema/3227 DOI : 10.4000/ema.3227 ISSN : 2090-7273 Éditeur CEDEJ - Centre d’études et de documentation économiques juridiques et sociales Édition imprimée Pagination : 307-340 ISBN : 978-2-905838-81-0 ISSN : 1110-5097 Référence électronique Baudouin Long et Clément Steuer, « Annexes », Égypte/Monde arabe [En ligne], Troisième série, Les élections de la révolution (2011-2012), mis en ligne le 11 février 2014, consulté le 20 avril 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ema/3227 ; DOI : 10.4000/ema.3227 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 20 avril 2019. © Tous droits réservés Annexes 1 Annexes Baudouin Long et Clément Steuer Les principaux partis politiques et candidats dans les élections Baudouin Long et Clément Steuer1 Les coalitions électorales Poids Nom de la Descriptif Principaux partis membres à coalition l’Ass.2 Coalition démocratique – Au départ, large alliance d’union nationale. Suite à de Alliance Liberté et Justice ; Al-Karâma ; multiples défections, la démocratique pour Ghad Al-Thawra ; Parti islamique Coalition démocratique est l’Égypte ; du Travail ; Al-Hadâra ; Parti devenu un rassemblement de 47,8 % Democratic égyptien arabe socialiste ; Parti de partis de différentes Alliance for Egypt ; la Réforme ; Parti de la tendances politiques, mais Génération démocratique clairement dominé par les اﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻒ Frères musulmans اﻟﺪﻳﻤﻘﺮاﻃﻲ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ Coalition -
Eisa Election Witnessing Mission Report Egypt
EISA gratefully acknowledges the generous financial support for this project from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) in Cairo, the Department for International Development (DFID), EISA ELECTION and the Embassy of Finland in Cairo WITNESSING MISSION REPORT EGYPT THE PEOPLE’S ASSEMBLY AND SHURA COUNCIL ELECTIONS NOVEMBER 2011-FEBRUARY 2012 Order from: [email protected] EISA ELECTION OBSERVER MISSION REPORT No 43 EISA ELECTION WITNESSING MISSION REPORT EGYPT THE PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLY AND SHURA COUNCIL ELECTIONS NOVEMBER 2011-FEBRUARY 2012 EISA ELECTION WITNESSING MISSION REPORT EGYPT THE PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLY AND SHURA COUNCIL ELECTIONS NOVEMBER 2011-FEBRUARY 2012 GSA 2012 Published by EISA 14 Park Rd, Richmond Johannesburg South Africa P O Box 740 Auckland Park 2006 South Africa Tel: 27 11 381 6000 Fax: 27 11 482 6163 Email: [email protected] www.eisa.org.za ISBN: 978-1-920446-41-3 © EISA 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of EISA. First published 2012 EISA strives for excellence in the promotion of credible elections, participatory democracy, human rights culture, and the strengthening of governance institutions for the consolidation of democracy in Africa. EISA Observer Mission Report, No. 43 CONTENTS Acknowledgements vii Executive Summary viii The EISA Approach to Election Observation x Acronyms and Abbreviations xii Introduction 1 1. Historical and Political Overview 3 1.1. President Sadat's era (1970-1981) 4 1.2. President Mubarak's era (1981-2011) 5 1.3. -
CANDIDATES-UPDATED 8.22.18 Serving Second Term
FACT SHEET CANDIDATES-UPDATED 8.22.18 Serving Second Term Abdel-Fattah El Sisi: The incumbent president of Egypt, Sisi previously held the positions of defense minister and director of military intelligence. He has no party affiliation. Status: Sisi secured his reelection handedly, receiving 97.1 percent of all valid votes in the election. Sisi’s victory was met with praise throughout Egypt and by many of his counterparts internationally, with mixed messages sent by U.S. President Donald Trump’s administration. Per the constitution, Sisi appointed a new cabinet following his inauguration in June 2018, including new defense and interior ministers, seen as an attempt to further consolidate his control over the regime. Endorsements: According to the National Election Authority (NEA), Sisi received endorsements from 549 of the 595 representatives in the House of Represen- tatives, along with 161,707 public endorsements—11 percent of the total 1.35 million submitted. Several campaigns held rallies worldwide and claimed to have collected over 4.5 million signatures in support of his reelection; multiple members of the House of Representatives and party leaders from outside parliament hosted or attended. Campaign team: Sisi announced that Mahmoud Karem would serve as his campaign’s general coordinator and Bahaa al-Din Abu Shoqa as his legal represen- tative and spokesman. Karem is a career diplomat, having served as Egypt’s ambassador to Japan, the European Union, NATO, Belgium, and Luxembourg. Abu Shoqa is a prominent lawyer and son of the vice- chairman of the Wafd Party. Platform: Though he has not yet formally articulated a platform, Sisi announced his intention to run for president during the Story of a Nation event, in which he presented a “balance sheet” of his four years as president, giving insight into the issues of import to the president. -
Demands of the Egyptian Revolution and the Newly-Emerging Actors
IEMed. European Institute of the Mediterranean Consortium formed by: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Government of Catalonia Barcelona City Council President: Artur Mas President of the Government of Catalonia Vice-Presidents: José Manuel García-Margallo Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Joana Ortega Vice-President of the Government of Catalonia Xavier Trias Mayor of Barcelona Executive President: Senén Florensa Board of Trustees: Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, BBVA La Caixa Cambra de Comerç, Indústria i Navegació de Barcelona El Consorci. Zona Franca de Barcelona Endesa Iberia Telefónica PapersIEMed. Published by the European Institute of the Mediterranean Coordination: Pol Morillas Proof-reading: Neil Charlton Layout: Núria Esparza ISSN: 1888-5357 Legal deposit: B-27445-2011 February 2014 On the occasion of the Annual Conference “A Transforming Arab World: Between Continuity and Change”, held in Paris on 3rd and 4th Oc- tober 2013 and co-organised by the European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) and the IEMed, distinguished analysts presented the results of their research on the new dynamics in the region following the Arab uprisings. Three major issues were explored: the role of the state in absorbing the shocks of change, the fragmentation or cohesion of the Mediterranean region, and the new actors and demands of Arab civil society. This series of Papers brings together the revised research works presented at the EuroMeSCo Annual Conference 2013. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID). The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the author and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the AECID or the Eu- ropean Institute of the Mediterranean. -
Examining the Behaviour of the Egyptian Military During the 2011 Uprising
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Guardians of the state or the regime? Examining the behaviour of the Egyptian military during the 2011 uprising. A thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts in Politics Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand Nadia Yousef 2012 Abstract The Arab military has long been a key player within the institutions of the state, particularly in Egypt. It was no surprise then that when the Arab Spring took hold in Cairo in January 2011 and President Hosni Mubarak was overthrown, that the military stepped in to fill the power vacuum. This thesis investigates the role of the Egyptian military in the 2011 uprising. To understand how this situation eventuated, it provides an in depth analysis of the role of the military in the Egyptian state since 1952 when Egypt first became a republic. It explores the deep roots that the military has set throughout the institutions of the state under the guidance of three authoritarian Presidents. By examining the modern institutional history of the Egyptian military, it provides tools for understanding why it is now behaving in the way it is. Primarily this is based on its attempts to either remain in power, or entrench itself further in Egyptian politics so that it is able to maintain its position of privilege once a democratically elected President comes to power. -
LB-Parteienmonitor Ägypten 2011 Update
LÄNDERBERICHT Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. ÄGYPTEN SAHRA GEMEINDER Parteienmonitor Ägypten 2011 – ANDREAS JACOBS ELISABETH TREPESCH aktualisierte Version 27. November 2011 Der regierende Oberste Militärrat hat den Beginn der ersten Wahlen zum ägyptischen www.kas.de Parlament nach dem Sturz Mubaraks auf den 28. November 2011 festgelegt. Etwa 50 Millionen Ägypter/innen sind in einem sich über drei Monate hinziehenden Wahlprozess dazu aufgefordert, ein neues Parlament zu wählen. Wie viele der ca. 60 zugelassenen Parteien tatsächlich mit Direktkandidaten oder Listen zur Wahl antreten, ist unbekannt. Gleichzeitig haben Mitglieder nicht-zugelassener Parteien die Möglichkeit, als unabhängige Kandidaten oder auf den Listen von Wahlbündnissen an den Wahlen teilzunehmen. Der vorliegende Parteienmonitor gibt einen Überblick über die gegenwärtig aktiven ägyptischen Parteien und ihre mögliche politische Bedeutung. Aufgrund der Unübersichtlichkeit der ägyptischen Parteienlandschaft, der Vielzahl von Neugründungen, Allianzen und Auflösungen erhebt diese Aufstellung keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Die Einschätzung der politischen Bedeutung der genannten Parteien beruht auf einer Auswertung der ägyptischen Presse und ist als subjektives Stimmungsbild zu verstehen. Übersicht Religiös ausgerichtete Parteien ______________________________________ 3 Hizb al-Hurriya wa al-Adala _______________________________________________ 3 Hizb al-Wasat al-Gedid___________________________________________________ 3 Hizb al-Islah wa al-Nahda ________________________________________________ -
Many Faces of Mengenai Politik Islam Di Timur Tengah Yang Bdilakukan Oleh Peneliti Di Pusat Penelitian Politik LIPI Sejak 2013-2018
uku ini merupakan hasil penelitian panjang Many Faces of mengenai Politik Islam di Timur Tengah yang Bdilakukan oleh peneliti di Pusat Penelitian Politik LIPI sejak 2013-2018. Arah Baru Gerakan Politik Islam Pasca- Arah Baru Gerakan Politik Many Faces of Political Islam in the Middle East Many Faces of Political Political Buku ini mengupas secara komprehensif dan mencoba of “The publication of Many Faces of menjawab berbagai hal, seperti bagaimana pengaruh Many Faces Political Islam in the Middle East: The gelombang pasca Arab Spring terhadap negara-negara New Direction of the Post-Arab Spring di Timur Tengah? Bagaimana wajah politik Islam di Islamic Political Movement is very timely Islam kawasan Timur Tengah? dan Bagaimana sikap negara- to deepen the meaning of the latest in the Middle East negara di kawasan Timur Tengah dalam menghadapi trends of the current political tantangan dari prilaku politik yang sangat dinamis Arah Baru Gerakan Politik Islam movement in the Middle East. Starting pasca Arab Spring? Political from the assumption that the ideology Pasca-Arab Spring and work of the Islamic movement is Simak selengkapnya dalam buku ini. Selamat membaca. not monolithic and homogeneous, the chapters in this book — the result of a study by Indonesian researchers — “Many Faces of Political Islam in the “Buku ini sangat penting dalam beberapa hal: pertama, membahas dinamika dan kompleksitas highlight the similarities and differences Middle East is a fine piece of work that politik Islam di Timur Tengah kontemporer; kedua, menggambarkan gejolak transisi dari between the experiences of Islamic Arab Spring deals with the dynamics of Islamic otoritarianisme ke demokrasi di beberapa negara Arab; ketiga, mendorong kajian komparatif movements in the Middle East through political movements in the Middle East tentang politik Islam dan transisi menuju demokrasi dengan Indonesia yang sama-sama Islam the Arab Spring.