Javanese Court Society and Politics in the Late Eighteenth Century: the Record of a Lady Soldier

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Javanese Court Society and Politics in the Late Eighteenth Century: the Record of a Lady Soldier JAVANESE COURT SOCIETY AND POLITICS IN THE LATE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: THE RECORD OF A LADY SOLDIER PART II: POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS : THE COURTS AND THE COMPANY, 1784-1791* Ann Kumar The diary provides an extensive record of the political developments which took place in Surakarta over these years. Its information is not, however, presented as a continuous narrative, and the author never supplies a resume of previous events; nor does she set her narrative within a framework of political theory. It therefore often appears cryptic to an outsider, and more so on those occasions where it is clear that the diarist herself was not party to the political strategies of all those involved in the developments unfolding as she wrote. Even MangkunSgara himself, with whom the diarist was closest, may at times have had reason to be less than frank and open with her about his intentions. Nevertheless, the general trend of developments in the different relationships involved could not be kept secret, and angry interviews and hurried nocturnal consultations did not escape the notice of the court abdi (retainers). It is clear too that MangkunSgara liked to maintain the morale of his followers by keeping them informed of any political gain he felt he had made, or any stand he took for what he believed was right. Because of the sometimes artless, sometimes summary, style of the diarist, and the sparseness of her interpretative comment, the present writer has found it essential to use the letters of V.O .C. officials, reporting on the political developments they saw, to fill in the lacunae and elucidate the way in which a linked series of events unfolded in Surakarta over this period: on their own, the entries of the diary often appear as a series of not obviously connected stills, like the changing pictures of a bio­ scope. The material of the diary has not been amalgamated with that from the V.O .C. archives, however: the testimony of the diarist is presented in italics followed by the data from V.O.C. archives and the present writer's comments and explanations. By this separation, it is hoped that the reader may be able to form some idea of the perceptions of the two sides of a particular political and cultural encounter, and to see where they diverge and where they coincide. It should be noted that only entries dealing with political events of major importance have been included, and that many others, noting less important "political" events, 1 have * Part I of this article appeared in Indonesia, 29 (April 1980), pp. 1-46. The diary, written by a "lady scribe and soldier" at the court of MangkunSgara I , covers the period 1781-91. The manuscript is KITLV Or [Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde Oriental Ms.] No. 231 of the collection of the Insti­ tute at Leiden. All references to the diary (which comprises 303 large double pages) will only cite the relevant page number, with L or R to signify the left or right side of the double page. 1. Omission of this detail weakens, however, the impression that the diary gives of a fairly high level of political turbulence: see below p. 109. 67 68 been omitted in the interests of brevity and relative coherence of presentation. Developments are presented in simple chronological order, as they occur in the diary. Initially, it had seemed that a better analytical perspective might be achieved by analyzing the different relationships involved—between the Mangku- nSgaran and the Pakubuwanan houses, between the Pakubuwanan and the V .O .C ., between the MangkunSgaran and Yogyakarta, etc.—under separate headings, but this separation was impossible to maintain, for developments (or even expected developments) in one relationship clearly very much affected the balance of others. * * * Prelude The first entry dealing with political affairs of major importance occurs under Slasa-Pon 26 Sapar 1710 AJ [Tuesday, January 20, 1784 AD] recording that the Dutch Resident [F. C. van Straalendorff] grave MangkunSgara a letter from the Governor of the northeast coast [Johannes Siberg], promising him the V.O .C.'s protection both for himself and for his descendants provided they remained allies of the Company. 2 Furthermore, MangkunSgara was promised the succession to the throne of Mataram3 4 if the Sultan should die. In the events of 1790-91, an alleged undertaking by Siberg that MangkunSgara would become ruler of Yogyakarta if the first Sultan predeceased him was to be a major factor in the maneuvers of the different parties. This record in the diary supports the interpretation that MangkunSgara, at least, genuinely believed that such an undertaking had been made by a representative of the V.O.C. As regards the second part of the entry, it is noticeable how, even outside times of crisis or of succession to the throne, the MangkunSgaran was very conscious of the prox­ imity of Yogyakarta. There are a number of entries in the diary reporting the presence of Mataram "sp ies,"1* presumably with a reciprocal interest in Surakarta. In Puasa 1712 [July 1786] "letters from Mecca" arrived in the mosques of Sala, Pranaraga, and Patiyaniman [??]. These were "Arabic letters calling on the for­ getful to come to their senses,"5 and were "suppressed"6 by the Sunan. The diarist's entry on these admonitory letters is unfortunately very brief— unfortunately, because it tells us only enough to know that these letters must have been in the same vein as two which were discovered in Surakarta nearly eighteen months later, and which caused Greeve, Siberg's successor as Governor of the northeast coast, a great deal of concern on account of their political implications. 7 2. 31R. It was this same letter, as reported by the diarist, which exempted MangkunSgara from observing the awisan: see Part I, p. 38. 3. The two major successor states to the former kingdom of Mataram are usually known as the Sunanate of Surakarta and the Sultanate of Yogyakarta. Because Yogyakarta was situated in the region of Mataram, however, it inherited the old name, which is often used by the diarist. She also uses the toponym Sala (pronun­ ciation and modern spelling Solo) much more frequently than the official designa­ tion Surakarta to refer to the kraton (nSgri sala), its ruler (prabu sala) and his people (wong sala). 4. "tSlik m a ta ra m see, for example, 68R, 169R, 211L. 5. "surat arab ingkang lali kinen emut" (81L). 6. "sinilSp" (ibid .). 7. See Greeve to Batavia, January 1, 1788, in Koloniaal Archief [henceforth KA] 69 Greeve's two letters purport to be from a king who is "from Mecca" but has a Javanese title (Susuhunan Ayunjaya Adimurti Senapati Ingalaga) and who will come soon and displace the present king of Sala. The latter is described as dishonoring his royal and priestly forbears, being himself nothing less than the Devil's king, a rebel against God and the angels, an enemy of his country, one who gives no good law, and in whose land food and clothing are expensive and rain scarce. The let­ ters comment sharply on the present ruler's alliance with the Europeans ("A King of the Europeans, you please God no more; it is finished with you; get out, you apostate from the Faith!") and deride his reliance upon them. ("Shall the Euro­ peans, then, indeed be more powerful than God?") They are couched in esoteric terminology and make reference to omens such as rainbows of different colors. There is a gap of some eighteen months between the letters reported by the diarist and those reported by V .O .C . officials: the diarist mentions no later letters, the V.O.C. officials no earlier ones. Were they the same letters? It is unlikely that they would have remained in circulation for so long, especially if, as the dia­ rist claims, the Sunan wished to suppress them. It seems more probable that the phenomenon of prophetic, warning letters was more widespread than the V.O.C. was aware: Arabic letters posted in mosques were not likely to come to the atten­ tion of the Dutch representation, especially since it was then led by the highly un­ reliable and self-interested Palm. The circumstance that the letters reported by the diarist were posted in the fasting-month lends support to this supposition, for this was the time of year when a devout Muslim could be expected to call on his co­ religionists to remember their religious duties. The evidence of the diary also shows that such letters were posted as mosques in places outside the capital (one of them in a region, Pranaraga, where MangkunSgara's sons held appanages). Finally, the Sunan's suppression of the earlier letters suggests that they too were unflattering in their description of his rule. In the same month, Raden Mas Kareta, half-brother of Mangkunttgara and father of Wirakusuma, returned to Sala from exile. 8 As we shall see, these relatives of MangkunSgara, and particularly Wirakusuma, were shortly to achieve importance through the actions of the Crown Prince, heir to Pakubuwana III. At the end of the month of Dulkaidah 1712 AJ [late September 1786] 160 Yogya- karta soldiers from two prajurit corps visited Sala and gave bSksa performances for the Sunan, as well as in the Dutch loji [factory]. 9 After the death of the Dutch (First) Resident Palm in 1789, the Sunan's court made serious complaints to Governor Greeve about Palm's behavior, which are dis­ cussed below. Among the numerous grievances listed was that Palm had compelled the kraton to receive a dance-party from Yogyakarta.10 3708, Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie Overgekomen Berichten [henceforth VOCOB], 1789, where a Dutch translation or paraphrase of the letters is appended.
Recommended publications
  • Sexuality and Power
    The Newsletter | No.54 | Summer 2010 12 The Study Sexuality and power A very Dutch view of the ‘submission’ of the Javanese – Nicolaas Pieneman’s (1809-1860) portrait of Dipanagara’s capture at Magelang on 28 March 1830 entitled ‘De onder- werping van Diepo Negoro aan Luitenant- Generaal De Kock, 28 Maart 1830’ (1833). Photograph courtesy of the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. ‘All Java knows this – how the Dutch allowed the kraton [of Yogyakarta] to be turned into a brothel and how [Prince] Dipanagara [1785-1855] has sworn to destroy it to the last stone’.1 Peter Carey Below: The mystic prince and his family. THE WORDS OF THE LEIDEN laWYER, Willem van Hogendorp a torrent of abuse against the Dutch officials of the pre-war Coloured drawing of Dipanagara in exile (1795-1838), then serving as a legal adviser to Commissioner- period and their inability to speak anything but market Malay, in Makassar (1833-55) reading a text on General L.P.J. du Bus de Gisignies (in office, 1826-1830), could complaining that ‘Chevallier [P.F.H. Chevallier, Assistant- Islamic mysticism (tasawwuf) accompanied not have been more blunt. Writing to his father Gijsbert Karel Resident of Yogyakarta, 1795-1825, in office, 1823-1825] and by his wife, Radèn Ayu Retnaningsih, and (1762-1834) during the second year of the Java War (1825-30), other Dutchmen had trotted into our [Yogyakarta] kraton as one of his sons, ‘Pangéran Ali Basah’, the 32-year-old Willem confided that the liberties that the though it was a stable and had shouted and called as though it who is having a vision of a Javanese spirit.
    [Show full text]
  • Richtlijnen Voor Een Ontwikkelingsplan Voor De Oostkust Van Sumatra
    Il) ff to hS Richtlijnen voor een ontwikkelingsplan voor de Oostkust van Sumatra R. van de Waal M08201.267 STELLINGEN 1. Naast de toevallige geschiktheid van de bodem en het klimaat van Sumatra's Oostkust voor de teelt van Deli-dekblad heeft met be- trekking tot de grpndruimte en het verkrygen van een goed han- teerbare rechtstitel op de grond het feit, dat dit gebied Ma• leis en Bataks kolonisatiegebied was, de vestiging van de on- dernemingslandbouw ten zeerste bevorderd. 2. Het Maleise adatrecht ten aanzien van de grond heeft de econo- mische ontplooiing van de inheemse samenleving ter Oostkust van Sumatra sterk geremd. 3. Ten onrechte stelt de Gewestelyke Baad voor Zuid-Holland van het Landbouwschap: "Wanneer een bepaald gebied in het uitbreidingsplan tot agra- "risch gebied wordt verklaard, mag geen beperking in het gebruik "worden aangebracht." (Richtlinien voor gemeentelijke uitbreidingsplannen, 's-Hage 1958, blz 11). 4. De wy'ze, waarop de uitbreiding van het wegennet in Nederland wordt voorbereid, is pianologisch onvoldoende. 5. De inrichting van niet bij een provincie ingedeelde gebieden, zoals de IJsselmeerpolders, behoort op een pianologische taak- stelling gebaseerd te zy'n. 6. De onwettige occupatie van ondernemingsgronden op de Oostkust van Sumatra moet in de eerste plaats uit een behoef te aan woon- gelegenheid verklaard worden en niet uit een gebrek aan grond voor de vestiging van nieuwe boerenbedrjjven. 7. Het verhogen van de wooncultuur in minder ontwikkelde gebieden kan op het gehele maatschappeljjke leven van invloed zyn. 8. Vruchtbaar pianologisch werk is vrywel onmogeljjk inlanden, waar onzekerheden bestaan ten aanzien van het institdtionele kader, waarbinnen dat werk moet geschieden, zoals dat in het huidige Indonésie het geval is.
    [Show full text]
  • Confirming the Existence of the Kingdom: the Efforts of Territorial Consolidation and Formation of Cultural Identity During
    Indonesian Historical Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2, 103-116 © 2017 Confirming the Existence of the Kingdom: The Efforts of Territorial Consolidation and Formation of Cultural Identity During the Reign of Hamengku Buwana I, 1755 – 1792 Sutarwinarmo,1* Agustinus Supriyono,2 Dhanang Respati Puguh2 1Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia 2Master Program of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Abstract This article discusses the efforts of territorial Consolidation and formation of cultural identity during the reign of Hamengku Buwana I. This article is written using historical method and utilizing primary sources in the form of VOC archives stored in the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia and Java manuscripts stored in Yogyakarta Sultanate, as well as secondary sources in the form of articles and books. After Giyanti Agreement in 1755, Sultan Hamengku Buwana I attempted to consolidate his territory through negotiation, dispute Received: settlement and law enforcement in order to preserve the sovereignity 30 November 2017 and territorial integrity of his kingdom. He also developed Ringgit Swargen, Yogyakarta style leather puppets that have different shape Accepted: 18 December 2017 from Surakarta style leather puppets developed by Surakarta Sunanate as one of the cultural identity of Yogyakarta Sultanate. Leather puppet show was used to control the areas that were in the territory of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, as the leather puppet show performed outside the palace must obtain permission from the palace puppet master. The efforts of Sultan Hamengku Buwana I failed, due to the conflict that caused the war destroyed the boundaries and the peace agreement that had been made.
    [Show full text]
  • Land System in the Islamic Kingdom of Mataram
    E3S Web of Conferences 202, 07082 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020207082 ICENIS 2020 TRADITIONAL AND FEODAL AGRICULTURAL ECOLOGY : LAND SYSTEM IN THE ISLAMIC KINGDOM OF MATARAM Sugiyarto*, Agustinus Supriyono Department History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University, Semarang – Indonesia Abstract. This article discusses apanage land belonging to village heads, which is a legacy of the land system in the era of pre-colonial Surakarta and Yogyakarta kingdoms or what is termed as as Vorstenlanden. As the aim was to find out how the feudal and nobility system in Java, which in the colonial era was very vulnerable to intervention and politics of splitting or fighting. To answer this question, a study will be conducted on the history of the Islamic Mataram kingdom until the era of Surakarta and Yogyakarta, en focusing on analysis of the apanage and nobility systems. The method used is a historical method which consists of four steps, namely, heuristics (activities to search for and collect historical sources), textual criticism (testing and assessing the authenticity of historical sources both in form and content), interpretation (interpreting historical facts obtained through text criticism) and historiography, namely presenting research results in the form of articles. Keywords: Landssystem, Feodalism, Java 1 Introduction What is meant by the land system in this paper is, how are the lands exploited in a system of government in the era of pre-colonial kings. While what was meant by the era of pre-colonial kings was the era before the Dutch government representing the Dutch royal government in the archipelago (Indonesia), namely after the collapse of the VOC in 1799 and was replaced by the Dutch East Indies colonial government.
    [Show full text]
  • Acculturation of Colonial Industry and Javanese Agrarian Culture in Mangkunegaran Sugar Factory
    Eco. Env. & Cons. 27 (May Suppl. Issue) : 2021; pp. (S262-S269) Copyright@ EM International ISSN 0971–765X Acculturation of Colonial Industry and Javanese Agrarian Culture in Mangkunegaran Sugar Factory Purwanto Setyo Nugroho1,2, Nany Yuliastuti3 and Siti Rukayah4 1Department of Architecture, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia 2 Doctoral Program of Architecture and Urban Sciences (PDIAP), Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia 3 Departement of Urban and Regional Planning, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia 4 Departement of Architecture, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia (Received 5 November, 2020; Accepted 15 December, 2020) ABSTRACT Sugar factories from the colonial era throughout Java are part of an important industrial heritage because they have witnessed the glory of the sugar industry in the past, as well as a sign of the entry of modern industry to the Java. One of the biggest sugar factory in Java was the sugar factory owned by Mangkunegaran Kingdom (Praja Mangkunegaran). The sugar factory represented a capitalist industrial culture that prioritized rationality. On the other hand, the process of supplying raw materials for sugar factories in vorstenlanden area (Praja Kejawen) was highly dependent on Javanese farmers who were strong with their agrarian culture. This paper aimed to figure out the interaction between the two cultures, which together carried out the sustainability of the sugar industry in Java. The interaction of these two cultures was seen from the components of the actors, activities, and places of the Tasikmadu Sugar Factory owned by Praja Mangkunegaran as a case study with a historical approach. The finding of the study indicated that there was acculturation between capitalist industrial culture and Javanese agrarian culture, which could be seen in the aspects of the actors, activities, and architectural layout of the Tasikmadu sugar factory.
    [Show full text]
  • Analisis Pengangkatan Dan Pergantian Kekuasaan Di Kesultanan Palembang
    TRADISI POLITIK MELAYU : ANALISIS PENGANGKATAN DAN PERGANTIAN KEKUASAAN DI KESULTANAN PALEMBANG Dr. Mohammad Syawaludin Muhammad Sirojudin Fikri. M.Hum KATA SAMBUTAN Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh Puji syukur kita haturkan atas kehadirat Allah Swt, karena berkat limpahan rahmat dan inayah-Nya kita masih diberi nikmat kesehatan, sehingga mampu melaksanakan semua aktivitas keseharian kita. Shalawat dan salam atas junjungan kita Nabi Muhammad SAW yang telah menghantarkan kita pada pencerahan spiritual dan intelektual, sehingga menemukan hakikat makna kesejatian nilai-nilai kemanusiaan universal. Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin, buku berjudul “Tradisi Politik Melayu : Analisis Pengangkatan dan Pergantian Kekuasaan di Kesultanan Palembang” telah selesai ditulis dan sudah terbit di tangan pembaca. Ucapan terima kasih penulis sampaikan kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyusunan laporan penelitian ini. Penulis menyadari dalam penulisan makalah ini banyak terdapat kekurangan. Namun, penulis tetap berharap agar laporan penelitian ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi pembaca. Kritik dan saran dari penulisan laporan penelitian ini sangat penulis harapkan untuk perbaikan dan penyempurnaan pada penulisan berikutnya. Untuk itu, penulis ucapkan terima kasih Akhirnya, semoga buku dihadapan pembaca ini dapat bermanfaat dan Allah Swt selalu memberi petunjuk dan hidayah-Nya pada kita semua.Amin.Selamat Membaca!. Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh Palembang, Oktober 2019 Penulis iii iv DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Study on the History and Architecture
    DIMENSI (Journal of Architecture and Built Environment), Vol. 40, No. 2 December 2013, 77-88 DOI: 10.9744/dimensi.40.1.77-88 ISSN 0126-219X (print) / ISSN 2338-7858 (online) COLONIAL AND TRADITIONAL URBAN SPACE IN JAVA: A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF TEN CITIES 1SUNARYO, Rony Gunawan, 2SOEWARNO, Nindyo, 3Ikaputra, and 4SETIAWAN, Bakti 1 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Civil Engineering & Planning, Petra Christian University, Surabaya; Student at Doctoral Program, Department of Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 2,3,4 Department of Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 1Email: [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT Most of morphological studies of cities in Java tended to place the elements of traditional urban space – such as Alun- alun, Mosque, Palace and Market – as the main elements of city. Other elements such as the colonial urban space – Resident Office, Fort, Church, Park and so on – are often considered separately or placed as a complementary part. Through a morphological study by exploring ten cities in Java, I found both elements of traditional and colonial urban space were set in a unique and various pattern. There are some findings indicating that the elements of colonial urban space significantly influence the city structure as well as those of the traditional ones. Therefore, understanding the urban space form in Java should include and put elements of both of traditional and colonial urban space as an integral part. Keywords: Colonial urban-space, traditional urban-space. INTRODUCTION Dutch colonization process in Java lasted for several centuries, since their trading posts were built Morphology of cities in Java where we live in the coastal cities to control infrastructure of trans- today is formed through series of long process with a portation throughout Java.
    [Show full text]
  • State of Local Democracy Assessment in Indonesia (Sold Indonesia)
    State of Local Democracy Assessment in Indonesia (SoLD Indonesia) Editors: Abdul Gaffar Karim Hasrul Hanif Wigke Capri Arti Supported by: State of Local Democracy Assessment in Indonesia Copyright ©Penerbit Polgov, 2014 All rights reserved Printed I, October 2014 316 + xxviii pages, 16.5x24.5 cm ISBN 978-602-14532-7-8 Editors: Abdul Gaffar Karim, Hasrul Hanif, Wigke Capri Arti Layout and Cover: Oryza Irwanto Published by Polgov Press Polgov Press is published political and governance books, under the Research Centre for Politics and Government (Polgov), Department of Politics and Government Research Centre for Politics and Government is a research and publication unit of Department of Politics and Government (JPP) Fisipol Universitas Gadjah Mada. Polgov concerns on four keys issues; first local politics and regional autonomy, second party politics, electoral system, and parliament, third human rights and democracy, and four governance reforms and developing integrity system. Gedung BA 403 Jl. Sosio Yustisia No. 2, Yogyakarta, 55281 http://jpp.fisipol.ugm.ac.id Telp/Fax: (0274) 563362 ext.150 Surel: [email protected], [email protected] This report is a product of an assessment of the quality of democracy conducted on the basis of International IDEA's State of Local Democracy Assessment Framework. The report was developed by the Department of Politics and Government, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada with support and partnership of International IDEA. International IDEA has not participated in the content development nor the research leading to the report. Views expressed in this report do not necessarily represent the views of International IDEA, its Board or its Council members.
    [Show full text]
  • MS Thesis Upik Djalins
    COLONIAL KNOWLEDGE AND THE NATIVE SCHOLAR: SUPOMO, ADAT LAND RIGHTS AND AGRARIAN REORGANIZATION IN SURAKARTA 1900-1920s A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Upik Wira Marlin Djalins January 2008 © 2008 Upik Wira Marlin Djalins ABSTRACT In this thesis, I analyze how a native scholar was an active agent in constituting colonial discourse on native land rights. Specifically, I examine a doctoral thesis written in the 1920s by Supomo, a young Javanese aristocrat and a colonial judicial officer studying in Leiden University. The thesis examined adat land rights and agrarian reorganization in Surakarta, Central Java. In the 1940s, Supomo contributed to writing Indonesia’s 1945 Constitution where his conception of adat and the state was institutionalized. Thus, his influence continues to reverberate in contemporary Indonesia. I propose that an internally fractured and multifaceted colonial discourse, particularly enticing in its civilizing appearance, made Supomo ambivalent in his relationship to colonial knowledge and to his mentor, Cornelis van Vollenhoven. I further suggest that his ambivalence was a form of resistance, manifested in his capacity to both mimic the colonizer’s technology of rule yet also challenge some of its underlying premises. In other words, Supomo was a native scholar whose ambivalence expressed a peculiar mode of resistance and engagement with colonial knowledge. I conclude by arguing that in addition to recognizing the epistemological claims of colonial knowledge, we must also recognize the capacity of a native scholar to identify and resist hegemonic arguments that often are concealed in complex colonial discourses.
    [Show full text]
  • Pendidikan Dan Perubahan Sosial Di Vorstenlanden 2
    LAPORAN PENELITIAN PAYUNG PENDIDIKAN DAN PERUBAHAN SOSIAL DI VORSTENLANDEN Oleh: Prof. Dr. Husain Haikal Drs. Djumarwan Ita Mutiara Dewi, M.Si. Desyari Widi Astuti Hermawan Dwi S. FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA 2012 DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL Alamat: Kampus Karangmalang Yogyakarta 55281 Tlp.548202, 586168. psw. 247, 248 PENGESAHAN USULAN PENELITIAN 1. Judul Penelitian PENDIDIKAN DAN PERUBAHAN SOSIAL DI VORSTENLANDEN 2. Jenis Penelitian Penelitian Payung 3. Peneliti a. Nama Lengkap dan Gelar Prof. Dr. Husain Haikal b. NIP c. Jenis Kelamin Laki-laki d. Pangkat/Jabatan/Golongan Guru Besar/IV e. Fakultas/Jurusan Ilmu Sosial /Pendidikan Sejarah f. Institut/Universitas Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta g. Alamat Kampus FIS UNY Karangmalang Jalan Gejayan Gang Guru No. 1 Depok, Sleman, DIY 4. Jumlah Tim Peneliti Inti 4 Orang (2 Peneliti, 2 mahasiswa) 5. Lokasi Penelitian - 6. Kerja dengan Instansi Lain - 7. Lama Penelitian 3 bulan, dari bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2012 8. Biaya yang diperlukan a. Sumber Dana Depdiknas Rp 10.000.000,00 b. Sumber Lain Jumlah Rp 10.000.000,00 (Sepuluh Juta Rupiah) Yogyakarta, 22 Oktober 2012 Peneliti, Prof. Dr. Husain Haikal NIP. Mengetahui: Dekan FIS UNY Ketua Jurusan Pend. Sejarah Prof. Dr. Ajat Sudrajat M. Nurrohman, M.Pd. NIP. NIP. KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kami panjatkan ke hadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya sehingga kami bisa menyelesaikan laporan penelitian ini Kami menyadari bahwa masih banyak terdapat kesalahan dalam laporan ini, baik dalam penyajian materi, penulisan, dan sebagainya. Oleh karena itu kami memohon maaf yang sebesar-besarnya. Kami pun berharap agar laporan penelitian yang telah dikerjakan dapat memberikan manfaat dan menambah pengetahuan bagi kami sendiri sebagai penulis maupun bagi para pembaca.
    [Show full text]
  • Migration to South Sumatra and Some of Its Implications
    MIGRATION TO SOUTH SUMATRA AND SOME OF ITS IMPLICATIONS by IMRON HUSIN Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the Degree of Master of Arts in Demography at the Australian National University Canberra, April 1978 Except; where otherwise indicated, this thesis is my own work. April, 1978 Imron Husin ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was conducted after the author completed the one year course work of M.A. Program in Demography at the Australian National University. The major data were provided by the Department of Demography from its computer tapes on the 1971 Population Census of Indonesia. It is a pleasure to acknowledge those who have had a part in its completion. Financial support was received from the Population Council. I am particularly grateful to Dr S.K. Jain, my thesis super­ visor, for his patience and encouragement which made the task of this study a smooth one. Thanks to Dr P.F. McDonald and Dr Terry Hull, whose perceptive comments contributed significantly to the quality of this work. I would like also to thank Dr D.W. Lucas for his help and supervision during his period of co-ordinatorship. I wish to thank Ms T. Sherlaimoff, Mr and Mrs P.A. Meyer for their contribution to the English correction. My thanks are also due to Mrs Pat Ashman, the secretary of the M.A. Program, for her assistance throughout. Of course, I am responsible for the weaknesses that remain in this work. In a special way I am grateful to my parents, my wife and my daughter whose sacrifices made the study possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes and References
    Notes and References Chapter 1: The Coming of Islam The contemporaneous evidence for Islamisation is described in Damais, 'L'epigraphie musulmane dans le Sud-Est Asiatique', with references to previous literature; see also Damais, 'Etudes javanaises, I: Les tombes musulmanes datees de Tr~l~j~'. Chinese records are translated in Rockhill, 'Notes on the relations and trade of China with the eastern archipelago'; and in Groenveldt, 'Notes on the Malay Archipelago and Malacca'. On Marco Polo's account see Jack-Hinton, 'Marco Polo in South-East Asia'. Cortesao, Suma Oriental, contains the crucial text of Tome Pires in Portuguese and English translation. The Indonesian chronicles described above are found in the following: Hill, 'Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai'; Brown, Sejarah Melayu; Olthof, Babad Tanah Djawi; Djajadiningrat, Sadjarah Banten. Other legends are described in R. Jones, 'Ten conversion myths'. The two sixteenth-century Javanese Islamic books have both been edited and translated by Drewes: ]avaanse primbon and Admonitions of Seh Bari. A survey of some of the controversies surrounding Islamisation, with special attention to the sources of Indonesian Islam, is in Drewes, 'New Light'. On the Sufi argument see Johns, 'Sufism as a category'. See also Ricklefs, 'Six centuries of Islamisation '. Some materials on Islam in the areas outside of Indonesia which are mentioned in this chapter can be found in Hardy, 'Modern European and Muslim explanations of conversion to Islam in South Asia'; and in Majul, Muslims in the Philippines. Chapter 2: General Aspects of Pre-Colonial States and Major Empires, c. 1300- 1500 The general principles which underlay Indonesian states have been investigated in Moertono, State and statecraft in old java; Schrieke, Indonesian sociological studies (see especially vol.
    [Show full text]