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Ancient and Other Scripts
The Unicode® Standard Version 13.0 – Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trade- mark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc., in the United States and other countries. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this specification, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The Unicode Character Database and other files are provided as-is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine applicability of information provided. © 2020 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction. For information regarding permissions, inquire at http://www.unicode.org/reporting.html. For information about the Unicode terms of use, please see http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html. The Unicode Standard / the Unicode Consortium; edited by the Unicode Consortium. — Version 13.0. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-936213-26-9 (http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/) 1. -
Rune-Names: the Irish Connexion
Rune-names: the Irish connexion Alan Griffiths Introduction Runologists are justifiably sceptical when it comes to comparing anything ogamic with anything runic. Moltke was also justifiably sceptical when he said of attempts to explain rune-names that “We may safely relegate them to the world of fantasy” (1985: 37). While acknowledging such scepticism, this paper nonetheless dares not only to venture into the world of rune-names, but also to compare them with ogam- names. In so doing it risks confrontation with the long-nurtured view crystal- lized in Polomé’s contention concerning the rune-names recorded in manu- scripts that “It is fairly undeniable that the names they transmit to us appear to derive from a common source, which has enabled Wolfgang Krause to recon- struct a plausible early Germanic list...” (1991: 422). In the paper from which this sentence is taken Polomé reviews what might be called the pagan-cult thesis of rune-names, which he summarizes in the commonly accepted hypothesis that the names “are imbedded in the German concepts about the world of the gods, nature and man” (1991: 434). He also reiterates the idea, based on classical references to the Germans’ use of notae, that runes were employed for divi- nation and “in this context, they were ideographic, i.e. we deal with the so-called Begriffsrunen...” (1991: 435).1 But then he reminds us, albeit in a valedictory footnote: “It should be remembered that these names of runes do not occur in any document of pagan origin, nor in any source (either alphabetic listings [runica manuscripta] or runic poems) prior to the Carolingian Renaissance” (1991: 435, fn. -
Auraicept Na Néces: a Diachronic Study
Auraicept na nÉces: A Diachronic Study With an Edition from The Book of Uí Mhaine Nicolai Egjar Engesland A dissertation submitted for the degree of Philosophiae Doctor The 20th of October 2020 Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies Faculty of Humanities University of Oslo τῳ φωτί τῆς οἰκίας Foreword First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor Mikael Males at the Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies at the University of Oslo for his untiring support and crucial input to the project at all stages. His enthusiasm for the field is unmatched. Der var intet valg, kun fremad, ordren ville lyde: døden eller Grønlands vestkyst. Secondly, I would like to thank Jan Erik Rekdal for having co-supervised the project and for having introduced me to the fascinating field of Irish philology and to Conamara. I would like to thank Pádraic Moran for valuable help with the evaluation of my work this spring and for useful feedback also during the conference on the dating of Old Norse and Celtic texts here in Oslo and on my visit to the National University of Ireland Galway last autumn. A number of improvements to the text and to the argumentation are due to his criticism. The community at NUI Galway has been very welcoming and I would like to show my gratitude to Michael Clarke and Clodagh Downey for accommodating us during our trip. Clarke also provided me with profitable feedback during the initial part of my work and has been a steady source of inspiration at conferences and workshops both in Ireland and in Norway. -
Druid Book.Pdf
In 1649, English Scholars had found ancient Roman writings about the druids. When these documents were translated and written down there was only ten written pages. But the English had just finished their Civil War and was looking for a religion that was not dogmatic or materialistic. People started to investigate further to see if they could get any more information and this led to books being written by the scores. On November 28 1717, a group of twelve druid enthusiasts met at the Apple Tree Tavern in London England and they started the Ancient Druid Order which was the first Druid Order of modern times. This started the Druid Revival. Some of these modern druids came trying to change Christianity into a less dogmatic religion. Others like John Toland believed in pantheism or that the universe was alive. You had a third group like William Stukeley who believed that Druidic meditation and mysticism could be applied to Christianity. These people were called Latitudinarian Christians. So we of the Order of Drui are a Neo-Druidic Order Chapter I: Three Rays of Light Einigen the Giant, who was the first of all beings and saw three rays of light coming down from the heavens. The three rays represented the true name of the god Celi, the hidden spirit of live that created all things. In the three rays were all the knowledge that ever was or will be. Einigen took three rowan staves and carved all the knowledge on them in straight and slanted lines. Instead of reading the staves, others misunderstood and worshipped them as gods. -
Ogam: Archaizing, Orthography and the Authenticity of the Manuscript Key to the Alphabet Author(S): Damian Mcmanus Source: Ériu, Vol
Ogam: Archaizing, Orthography and the Authenticity of the Manuscript Key to the Alphabet Author(s): Damian McManus Source: Ériu, Vol. 37 (1986), pp. 9-31 Published by: Royal Irish Academy Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30007985 . Accessed: 18/04/2011 16:04 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ria. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Royal Irish Academy is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Ériu. http://www.jstor.org OGAM: ARCHAIZING, ORTHOGRAPHY AND THE AUTHENTICITY OF THE MANUSCRIPT KEY TO THE ALPHABET* I Inscriptions 227 and 118 in CIIC are transliteratedas follows: OTTINN MAQI VECR ...; TENREN MONOI GDUQDEGGEV.** The former of these is cut not on the edge of the stone but on an imaginary vertical stemline on one of the broad faces (see Pl. -
A Comparative Analysis of Irish and Scottish Ogham Pillar Stones Clare Jeanne Connelly University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations May 2015 A Partial Reading of the Stones: a Comparative Analysis of Irish and Scottish Ogham Pillar Stones Clare Jeanne Connelly University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Communication Commons, and the Medieval History Commons Recommended Citation Connelly, Clare Jeanne, "A Partial Reading of the Stones: a Comparative Analysis of Irish and Scottish Ogham Pillar Stones" (2015). Theses and Dissertations. 799. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/799 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A PARTIAL READING OF THE STONES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IRISH AND SCOTTISH OGHAM PILLAR STONES by Clare Connelly A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Anthropology at The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee May 2015 ABSTRACT A PARTIAL READING OF THE STONES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IRISH AND SCOTTISH OGHAM PILLAR STONES by Clare Connelly The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2015 Under the Supervision of Professor Bettina Arnold Ogham is a script that originated in Ireland and later spread to other areas of the British Isles. This script has preserved best on large pillar stones. Other artefacts with ogham inscriptions, such as bone-handled knives and chalk spindle-whorls, are also known. While ogham has fascinated scholars for centuries, especially the antiquarians of the 18th and 19th centuries, it has mostly been studied as a script and a language and the nature of its association with particular artefact types has been largely overlooked. -
Celtic Initial Consonant Mutations - Nghath and Bhfuil?
Celtic initial consonant mutations - nghath and bhfuil? Author: Kevin M Conroy Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/530 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2008 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Undergraduate Honors Program Linguistics Celtic initial consonant mutations – nghath and bhfuil ? by Kevin M. Conroy submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements the degree of B.A. © copyright by Kevin M. Conroy 2008 Celtic initial consonant mutations – nghath and bhfuil ? Abstract The Insular Celtic languages, such as Irish and Welsh, distinctively feature a morphophonemic process known as initial consonant mutation. Essentially the initial sound of a word changes due to certain grammatical contexts. Thus the word for ‘car’ may appear as carr, charr and gcarr in Irish and as car, gar, char and nghar in Welsh. Originally these mutations result from assimilatory phonological processes which have become grammaticalized and can convey morphological, semantic and syntactic information. This paper looks at the primary mutations in Irish and Welsh, showing the phonological changes involved and exemplifying their basic triggers with forms from the modern languages. Then it explores various topics related to initial consonant mutations including their historical development and impact on the grammatical structure of the Celtic languages. This examination helps to clarify the existence and operations of the initial mutations and displays how small sound changes can have a profound impact upon a language over time. Boston College Undergraduate Honors Program Linguistics Celtic initial consonant mutations – nghath and bhfuil ? by Kevin M. -
ALPHABETUM Unicode Font for Ancient Scripts
(VERSION 14.00, March 2020) A UNICODE FONT FOR LINGUISTICS AND ANCIENT LANGUAGES: OLD ITALIC (Etruscan, Oscan, Umbrian, Picene, Messapic), OLD TURKIC, CLASSICAL & MEDIEVAL LATIN, ANCIENT GREEK, COPTIC, GOTHIC, LINEAR B, PHOENICIAN, ARAMAIC, HEBREW, SANSKRIT, RUNIC, OGHAM, MEROITIC, ANATOLIAN SCRIPTS (Lydian, Lycian, Carian, Phrygian and Sidetic), IBERIC, CELTIBERIC, OLD & MIDDLE ENGLISH, CYPRIOT, PHAISTOS DISC, ELYMAIC, CUNEIFORM SCRIPTS (Ugaritic and Old Persian), AVESTAN, PAHLAVI, PARTIAN, BRAHMI, KHAROSTHI, GLAGOLITIC, OLD CHURCH SLAVONIC, OLD PERMIC (ANBUR), HUNGARIAN RUNES and MEDIEVAL NORDIC (Old Norse and Old Icelandic). (It also includes characters for LATIN-based European languages, CYRILLIC-based languages, DEVANAGARI, BENGALI, HIRAGANA, KATAKANA, BOPOMOFO and I.P.A.) USER'S MANUAL ALPHABETUM homepage: http://guindo.pntic.mec.es/jmag0042/alphabet.html Juan-José Marcos Professor of Classics. Plasencia. Spain [email protected] 1 March 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. Intr oduc tion 3 2. Font installati on 3 3. Encod ing syst em 4 4. So ft ware req uiremen ts 5 5. Unicode co verage in ALP HAB ETUM 5 6. Prec ompo sed cha racters and co mbining diacriticals 6 7. Pri vate Use Ar ea 7 8. Classical Latin 8 9. Anc ient (po lytonic) Greek 12 10. Old & Midd le En glis h 16 11. I.P.A. Internati onal Phon etic Alph abet 17 12. Pub lishing cha racters 17 13. Mi sce llaneous ch aracters 17 14. Espe ran to 18 15. La tin-ba sed Eu ropean lan gua ges 19 16. Cyril lic-ba sed lan gua ges 21 17. Heb rew 22 18. -
Ogham Course
Whispering Woods Ogham Course The Ogham alphabet consists of twenty distinct letters which are known as "feda". They are arranged in four series called aicmí (plural of aicme "family"). Each aicme was named after its first character (Aicme Beithe, Aicme hÚatha, Aicme Muine, Aicme Ailme, or "the B Group", "the H Group", "the M Group" and "the A Group"). The Ogham Tract also gives a variety of around 100 variant or secret modes of writing Ogham (92 in the Book of Ballymote), for example the "Shield Ogham" (ogam airenach, nr. 73). Even the Younger Futhark is introduced as a kind of "Viking Ogham" (nrs. 91, 92). The Druids of yore were said to be very efficient at Ogham writing and signing. Whispering Woods Ogham Course - Lesson One The Ogham "OH-ehm" alphabet is referred to as "beth luis nion". The name represents the names of the first, second, and fifth letters of the Ogham alphabet. The letters themselves consist of one to five perpendicular or angled strokes, meeting or crossing a center line. These letters were often inscribed in wood or stone. The alphabet itself consists of twenty letters and five diphthongs. The first twenty letters are divided into three sets of five consonants and one set of five vowels. The five diphthongs were thought to have been added later to ease the transition from Latin to ancient Irish. There is an understanding that the names of the main twenty letters are also the names of 20 trees which are sacred to the druids. Vowels were sometimes described as a combination of dots. -
“Books Most Needful to Know” OLD ENGLISH NEWSLETTER SUBSIDIA
“Books Most Needful to Know” OLD ENGLISH NEWSLETTER SUBSIDIA Volume XXXVI Medieval Institute Publications is a program of The Medieval Institute, College of Arts and Sciences “Books Most Needful to Know” Contexts for the Study of Anglo-Saxon England Edited by Paul E. Szarmach Old English Newsletter Subsidia Medieval InstitutE PublicationS Western Michigan University Kalamazoo Copyright © 2016 by the Board of Trustees of Western Michigan University Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data are available from the Library of Congress. ISBN: 9781580441827 eISBN: 9781580441834 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in, or introduced into a retrieval system, or trans- mitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the book. Contents Preface vii Anglo-Latin Literature in the Foreground 1 Rosalind Love North Sea Currents: Old English and Old Norse 61 in Comparison and in Contact Richard Dance Légend hÉrenn: “The Learning of Ireland” 85 in the Early Medi eval Period Máire Ní Mhaonaigh Légend hÉrenn: “The Learning of Ireland” in the Early Medi eval Period Máire Ní Mhaonaigh Introduction That the various cultures of Britain and Ireland were in continuous con- tact with one another down through the medieval period (and beyond) scarcely needs reiterating, nor does the fact that this constant interaction occasioned much opportunity for mutual influence and exchange of ideas in a wide variety of areas. Early evidence for contact between Ireland and England is of an ecclesiastical nature; the role played by the Irish mis- sion in seventh-century Northumbria in the conversion of numerous Englishmen being particularly significant in this regard.1 The English were also moved to journey to Ireland, Bede remarking that many of them trav- elled to study there.2 Among those educated among the Irish, possibly at Iona,3 was King Aldfrith of Northumbria (d. -
A Celebration of Sligo First Essays for Sligo Field Club •
, , A Celebration of Sligo First Essays for Sligo Field Club • ; t" -••• , \ ,. • , . ed by artin A. :];:.money A (U EHHATlO:\ 01 ~IIGO OGAM STONES IN SUGO AND THEIR CONTEXT Catherine Swift Dept. of History, NUl Maynooth ABSTRACT: Fieldwork by two members of Sligo Field Club has led to the identification of two ogam stones, Church Island in Lough Gill and an ogam stones at Corkagh Beg, the first so far odd ogam-Iike addition to a cross-in-circle on a identified with certainty in Co. Sligo. This paper pillarstone at Kilturra, were re-considered. In discusses these new discoveries in the light of the May 2002, Pat O.Brien of Sligo Field Oub drew ogam stones from north Connacht. attention to O'Rorke's citation of a nineteenth_ cenhIry tradition that ogam characters were said In the current national catalogue of Irish ogam to exist on the buried end of the pillarstone stones (Macalister 1945)there are no ogam stones known as Clogh an Easpuig on the ecclesiastical listed for County Sligo. In October 1976, site at Killeran, though O'Rorke gives Kilellin, however, Jack Flynn, the newly appointed Chief Ballydawley, just north of Ballygawley village, Co. Sligo (O'Rorke II, 247). Agriculture Officer for Sligo and member of Sligo Field Club, learned from Micheal Noone of Beltra, Instructor in Agriculture, of the existence Timoney told m{' of the Corkagh Beg stones in of a cross-marked pillar' on a ringfort on Seamus May 2002 after which I visited the stones in the Gilligan's land at Corkagh Beg in the parish of company of Dr, Colman Etchingham of NUl Templeboy, some miles west of BalJisodare, Co. -
“Ogam - Eine Frühe Keltische Schrifterfindung” Von Jost Gippert (1992)
1 Achtung! Dies ist eine Internet-Sonderausgabe der Publikation “Ogam - eine frühe keltische Schrifterfindung” von Jost Gippert (1992). Sie sollte nicht zitiert werden. Zitate sind der Originalausgabe Prag 1992 [1993] (Lectiones eruditorum extraneorum in facultate philosophica Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis factae, 1) zu entnehmen. Attention! This is a special internet edition of the publication “Ogam - eine frühe keltische Schrifterfindung” by Jost Gippert (1992). It should not be quoted as such. For quotations, please refer to the original edition, Prague 1992 [1993] (Lectiones eruditorum extraneorum in facultate philosophica Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis factae, 1). Alle Rechte vorbehalten / All rights reserved: Jost Gippert, Frankfurt 2011 OGAM Eine frühe keltische Schrifterfindung Jost Gippert, Bamberg Das Aufblühen der keltischen Sprachwissenschaft im vergangenen Jahrhundert ist mit Bamberg und dem oberfränkischen Gebiet durch Johann Kaspar ZEUSS und seine 1853 erschienene "Grammatica Celtica" aufs engste verbunden. Es ist ZEUSS’ unabstreitbares Verdienst, die geschichtliche Erforschung der keltischen Sprachen, v.a. des Irischen und Kymrischen, durch eine konsequen- te Sammlung und Auswertung der ältesten handschriftlichen Zeugnisse erst- mals auf eine solide Grundlage gestellt zu haben. Im Falle des Altirischen handelt es sich bei diesen Zeugnissen hauptsächlich um Glossen, mit denen lateinische Handschriften z.B. aus Würzburg, St. Gallen und Mailand ver- sehen sind, die wir den im 8. und 9. Jh. in Mitteleuropa missionierenden irischen Mönchen zu verdanken haben. Nur am Rande verwertet hat ZEUSS hingegen eine zweite Kategorie alter Sprachdenkmäler, die die irische Sprachgeschichte sogar noch wesentlich weiter zurückzuverfolgen gestattet. Es handelt sich um eine nur auf den britischen Inseln vorzufindende Abart von in Stein gehauenen Inschriften, die sog. Ogaminschriften, von denen heute ca.