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ISI BUKU GRUP 1 FINAL 29 JUNI OK.Cdr BISBUL CENDANA ALKESAH KECAPI KEPEL JAMBLANG KATA PENGANTAR enis buah-buahan tropis di Indonesia memiliki tingkat J keanekaragaman yang sangat tinggi baik dari segi rasa, bentuk, warna dan aroma, beberapa diantaranya sangatlah khas dan eksotik yang hanya ada di bumi Indonesia sehingga menjadi kekayaan keanekaragaman hayati tanaman buah Indonesia. Sayangnya kini beberapa buah-buahan tropis Indonesia tersebut mulai jarang ditemui atau langka. Buku ini disusun dalam upaya memberikan tambahan pengetahuan dan wawasan bagi para pembaca akan keanekaragaman hayati tanaman buah- buahan lokal yang keberadaannya mulai mengkhawatirkan karena makin terpinggirkannya buah lokal dalam perdagangan buah-buahan bahkan dalam pasar lokal. Makin banyaknya alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi kawasan hunian maupun kawasan industri juga menjadi alasan mengapa banyak buah-buahan lokal kita yang mulai langka. Upaya untuk melestarikan tanaman buah lokal yang beberapa diantaranya belum mempunyai nilai komersial, walaupun edible dan sudah dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat harus dilakukan agar tanaman buah-buah lokal ini tidak punah. Tanaman buah yang diangkat dalam buku ini hanya sebagian kecil dari banyak tanaman buah lokal yang ditemui pada waktu penulis melakukan inventarisasi di wilayah DKI Jakarta dan sekitarnya. Oleh karena itu perlu penelitian lebih lanjut lagi agar tanaman yang sudah mulai sulit dijumpai ini tidak punah dan justru dapat dilestarikan dan dikembangkan potensi manfaat yang dimilikinya. Dengan selesainya buku ini, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih disampaikan kepada : 1. Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (DRPM) Kemenristek dan Dikti Tahun 2017 - 2019 yang memberikan Hibah Penelitian Terapan Unggulan Perguruan Tinggi kepada penulis. 2. Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LPPM) Universitas Nasional yang telah memfasiltasi dan memberikan dukungan penuh. 3. Dekan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Nasional yang telah memberikan kesempatan dan dukungan kepada penulis. 4. Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi DKI Jakarta yang telah memberikan ijin dan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk melakukan penelitian pada Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) di wilayah DKI Jakarta. 5. Dinas Lingkungan Hidup yang memberikan dukungan dan informasi yang sangat berguna bagi penulis. Ucapan terima kasih juga tak lupa kami sampaikan kepada Lutfi Amalia Apriliani, Dian Purwanto, Fajar Dapi Wijiseno, Dewi Ayu Anindita, Putu Mas Itha Pujiantari, Kamelia Putri, Ahmad Yusuf, SSi, Sharfinah, Euis Dahlia, Siti Khasanah, Nurul Hanifah, Dena Anggari dan Bagas Dwiyarto yang telah membantu dan mengumpulkan data di lapangan. Semoga buku ini dapat menambah kekayaan pustaka yang menggambarkan keanekaragaman hayati khususnya tanaman buah-buahan lokal. Jakarta, September 2019 Penulis ii DAFTAR ISI Hal. KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................. i DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................. iii DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................... v PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................... 1 POTENSI DAN KARAKTERISTIK BUAH LOKAL SERTA UPAYA PENGEMBANGAN BUAH INDONESIA .......................... 4 TANAMAN KOKOSAN ................................................................. 9 TANAMAN BUNI ......................................................................... 16 TANAMAN NAMNAM ................................................................. 25 TANAMAN MUNDU .................................................................... 32 TANAMAN CENDANA ................................................................. 38 TANAMAN MATOA .................................................................... 47 TANAMAN KECAPI .................................................................... 56 TANAMAN KAWISTA .................................................................. 65 TANAMAN KEPEL ...................................................................... 72 TANAMAN GANDARIA ................................................................ 86 TANAMAN BISBUL .................................................................... 93 TANAMAN JAMBLANG ............................................................... 111 TANAMAN MENTENG ................................................................. 124 TANAMAN TAMPUI ..................................................................... 128 TANAMAN ALKESAH .................................................................. 133 iii TANAMAN GOWOK ................................................................... 142 TANAMAN GAYAM ........................................................................ 148 TANAMAN KESEMEK .................................................................... 156 TANAMAN KEMANG ..................................................................... 163 TANAMAN MAJA .......................................................................... 169 TANAMAN SAWO DUREN .............................................................. 174 TANAMAN SALAK CONDET ........................................................... 182 TANAMAN DUKU CONDET ............................................................ 188 TANAMAN RUKAM ....................................................................... 195 TANAMAN BIDARA ....................................................................... 200 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................ 207 BIODATA PENULIS ........................................................................ 211 iiii DAFTAR GAMBAR Hal. Gambar 1. Buah Kokosan Di Pohon .................................................. 9 Gambar 2. Daging Buah Kokosan ....................................................... 10 Gambar 3. Daun Kokosan .................................................................. 12 Gambar 4. Buah Buni ......................................................................... 16 Gambar 5. Buah Buni Di Pohon ........................................................... 17 Gambar 6. Bunga Buni ....................................................................... 18 Gambar 7. Buah Buni Yang Masih Muda & Masih Berada Di Pohon................................................... 21 Gambar 8. Buah Buni Yang Sudah Matang Di Pohon ............................ 23 Gambar 9. Buah Namnam Di Pohon .................................................... 25 Gambar 10. Daun Namnam ................................................................ 27 Gambar 11. Bunga Tanaman Namnam ............................................... 28 Gambar 12. Biji Namnam .................................................................. 29 Gambar 13. Buah Namnam ................................................................ 31 Gambar 14. Buah Mundu Yang Telah Masak Di Pohon.......................... 32 Gambar 15. Pohon Mundu ................................................................. 34 Gambar 16. Buah Mundu Yang Telah Masak ....................................... 35 Gambar 17. Daun Tanaman Mundu .................................................... 37 Gambar 18. Buah Cendana ................................................................ 38 Gambar 19. Pohon Cendana ............................................................. 39 Gambar 20. Buah Cendana Yang Sudah Masak ................................... 40 Gambar 21. Biji Cendana Kering Angin Sebagai Bahan Perbanyakan .... 42 v Gambar 22. Pertumbuhan Bibit Cendana Umur 20 MST Pada Dosis Pemupukan Yang Berbeda............................... 44 Gambar 23. Bibit Cendana Media Pasir ................................................ 45 Gambar 24. Buah Matoa Hijau ............................................................. 47 Gambar 25. Buah Matoa Merah............................................................ 48 Gambar 26. Pohon Matoa.................................................................... 52 Gambar 27. Akar Tanaman Matoa........................................................ 53 Gambar 28.. Bunga Matoa................................................................... 54 Gambar 29.. Biji Matoa........................................................................ 55 Gambar 30. Buah Kecapi ..................................................................... 56 Gambar 31. Pohon Kecapi ................................................................... 57 Gambar 32. Daun Kecapi..................................................................... 58 Gambar 33. Buah Dan Biji Kecapi Kuning (kiri) dan Hijau (kanan)........... 61 Gambar 34. Bibit Kecapi Umur 50 HST.................................................. 63 Gambar 35. Pohon Kawista.................................................................. 65 Gambar 36. Daun Tanaman Kawista..................................................... 67 Gambar 37. Bunga Tanaman Kawista................................................... 68 Gambar 38. Buah Kawista Yang Telah Masak ....................................... 69 Gambar 39. Buah Kawista Yang Masih Di Pohon................................... 70 Gambar 40. Buah Kepel Menempel Pada Pohonnya .............................. 72 Gambar 41. Daun Kepel Dengan Bentuk Elips Lonjong Meruncing ......... 73 Gambar 42. Bunga Tanaman Kepel....................................................... 74 vi Gambar 43. Buah Kepel Yang Menempel Sepanjang Batang Utama....... 76 Gambar 44. Buah Kepel Yang Telah Mature Berwarna Coklat ................ 78 Gambar 45. Daging Buah Kepel..........................................................
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