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Traditional and Pharmacological Reports of the Genus Baccaurea. a Review

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Traditional and Pharmacological Reports of the Genus Baccaurea. a Review American Journal of www.biomedgrid.com Biomedical Science & Research ISSN: 2642-1747 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Review Article Copy Right@ Nargis Sultana Chowdhury Traditional and Pharmacological Reports of The Genus Baccaurea. A Review Tasnia Khasru Charu, Nargis Sultana Chowdhury*, Ismat Benta Fatema, Farjana Islam Liya and Lubaba Salsabil Department of Pharmacy, Manarat International University, Bangladesh *Corresponding author: Nargis Sultana Chowdhury, Department of Pharmacy, Manarat International University, School of Engi- neering, Science and Technology, Ashulia Model Town, Bangladesh. To Cite This Article: Tasnia Khasru Charu, Nargis Sultana Chowdhury, Ismat Benta Fatema. Traditional and Pharmacological Reports of The Genus Baccaurea. A Review. Am J Biomed Sci & Res. 2021 - 11(6). AJBSR.MS.ID.001683. DOI: 10.34297/AJBSR.2021.11.001683. Received: December 8, 2020; Published: February 03, 2021 Abstract few of which have been recognized as popular healing plants in South-East Asia. (B. ramiflora), (B. angulata), (B. courtallensis), (B. macrophylla), (B. macrocarpaBaccaurea ),is (aB. genus lanceolata of flowering), (B. racemosa plant belongs) and (B. to motleyana the family) Phyllanthaceaeare underutilized categorically medicinal plantslarge genus of the withgenus members Baccaurea. of up The to literature 100 species review and revealed that Baccaurea species have been used traditionally in South-East Asian countries to treat various diseases. Baccaurea species have been believed to possess significant medicinal values like analgesic, anthelmintic, antioxidant, anti-diarrheal, antiatherosclerotic, anticancer, antidiabetic, neuropharmacological, thrombocytic, antimicrobial, etc. activities. Few species of the Baccaurea genus have demonstrated significant exposure to phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, tannins, phytosterols, saponins, phenolic compounds, steroids, rosmarinic andacids, described etc. Several from bioactive various speciesconstituents of Baccaurea. including The 6′-O-vanilloylpicraquassioside purpose of this review is to evaluate D, 4′-O-(6-O-vanilloyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl the published article which is based on tachioside the medicinal D, Icariside values B5, picrotoximaesin, β-sitosterol, Sapidolide A, Daucosterol, methyl 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate, quercetin, decanoic acid, etc. were also isolated properties and further phytochemical assessment opens a new prevalence, effectiveness in protection and clinical research. of different species of Baccaurea genus, provide updated information and knowledge on the ethnomedicinal, pharmacological and phytochemical Keywords: Phytosterols, Saponins, Phenolic Compounds, Steroids, Rosmarinic Baccaurea, Traditional, Pharmacological, Phytochemicals, Effectiveness, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Anthocyanins, Carotenoids, Tannins, Introduction Plants and phytoproducts continue to play a vital role in the treatment of various diseases. From the beginning of human civi- derived from flowering plants still account for almost 30% of the century has moved away from an obvious connection with plants prescribed items, modern orthodox. Western medicine over the last diseases. World Health Organization (WHO) survey reveals that lization, plants have beneficial activity in the treatment of human standard method of treatment [5]. Among plants, the genus of Bac- about 80% of the world’s inhabitant’s problem is treated by me- [4]. In many other parts of the world herbalism flourishes as the caurea have interesting biological activities. Baccaurea is a genus dicinal herbal drug for their primary health care [1]. Nowadays, the - use of medicinal plants for alleviating diseases is growing day by - day around the world especially in Asia [2]. Drug discovery from of flowering plant belonging to the family Phyllanthaceae. The ge plants is a multi-disciplinary approach and is interconnected with nus comprises about 100 species, extensively distributed from In do-MalaysiaAmong them,to the Westfew speciesPacific [6]. of Baccaurea namely Baccaurea biological, and various chemical separation processes along with B. ramiflora), Baccau- many disciplines like botanical, ethnobotanicals, phytochemical, rea angulata (B. angulata), Baccaurea courtallensis Muell. Arg. (B. ramiflora Lour Baccaurea sapida Muell.Arg ( combinatorial synthetic techniques [3]. Although pharmaceuticals This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License AJBSR.MS.ID.001683. 494 Am J Biomed Sci & Res Copy@ Nargis Sultana Chowdhury courtallensis), Baccaurea macrocarpa (B. macrocarpa), Baccaurea modern pharmaceutical drugs [9]. It has been revealed that 80% of macrophylla Muell (B. macrophylla), Baccaurea lanceolata (B. lance- the population in Asian countries are still using herbal medicines as olata), Baccaurea racemosa Müll.Arg (B. racemosa), and Baccaurea their main medicinal source for their wellbeing [10]. motleyana (B. motleyana) are available in the south-east Asian re- B. ramiflora - Asian region and found growing wild as well as under cultivation ering plants are used for rheumatoid arthritis, cellulitis, abscesses, , the most well-known species, for the Southeast gion. According to ethanobotanical and traditional uses, these flow in Nepal, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, South China, Indochina, treat injuries, constipation, treatment of infectious diseases such as Thailand, the Andaman Islands and Peninsular Malaysia. It grows in few districts of Bangladesh namely Narsingdi, Sylhet, Gazipur, Baccaurea species have been shown to contain diverse phytochemi- diarrhoea, dysentery, and skin infection, sore eyes etc. [7]. Plants of B. ramiflora - have attracted the attentions over time and thus various research- nolic compounds, tannins, volatile oils, etc. [7-8]. Different phar- Netrokona and Kishoregonj [11]. The folklore uses of cal properties like phytosterols, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, phe ers documented different parts of species are used as ethnomedical macological studies including antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, insecticidal, etc. on this Baccaurea species. Considering the secret for many purposes like as an anti-phlogistic and anodyne against anti-inflammatory, anticancer, haemolytic, neuropharmacological, and colouring agent etc. by the inhabitants of different countries potentialities of the underutilized Baccaurea species, so far, several rheumatoid arthritis, cellulitis, abscesses, indigestion, flavouring in Southeast Asia [Table 1]. B. courtallensis is another common spe- research studies have been carried out to investigate their different cies widely distributed in Western Ghats of India [12]. The plant is medicinal uses, demand the isolation and detection of active con- cepts and comprehensive bioassay. - frequently used in India such as treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, tory purposes etc. International Union for Conservation of Nature Baccaurea Species in Folklore Practice skin infection, controlling diabetes, piles, antidote, anti-inflamma and Natural Recourses (IUCN) has enlisted it as threatened species Generally, the practice of herbal medicine is most widespread in [13]. developingTable 1: Folklore/Traditional countries and isuses often of underutilized more affordable fruits ofthan Baccaurea expensive genus. Species Local Name Used Part Uses References An antiphlogistic and anodyne against rheumatoid arthritis, cellulitis, abscesses and to treat injuries in Chinese Dai medicine. Also used for Whole plant [18-20] stomach ulcer, stomachache and colic in Mizoram, India. Used against some ailments by hill-tribes in Northern Thailand. - Fruit Religious purpose as applied by Local people during the Holy Chariot [21-22] Procession of Lord Jagannath. People pay their homage to God by throw Muell-Arg ing the latka fruit along with other rituals. The Fruit juice is considered as B. ramiflora Lour. Latka/Latkan/lotko/ Young leaves an Antidote for snake bite in Assam, India. [23] Notko/Anshfol. Bangladesh. Used as vegetable, flavoring agent with curries and minced meat in [24] In India, fresh bark is chewed or juice is used orally for constipation. Bark Stem bark gives diuretic activity. Seed [25-26] Seeds are crushed to cure diarrhea. In Bangladesh, cultivated chiefly for production of valuable dye called annatto which is used for colouring silk, - Root and leave cotton, and other textile materials for orange colour. [27] ly to treat piles and act as antidote. The paste of root and leaves are mixed with hot water and taken internal Fruit consume ripe fruit for its medicinal properties. Treatment for sterility, [12,28] mouth,Local andtribal stomach people ulcerssuch as and kanikkar, for controlling Malampandarangal serum cholesterol and Paniyar degree. Root Used in the treatment of controlling diabetes and headache. [12] B. courtallensis Mootapalam/ Mut- (Wight) Muell. Fruit rind [27,29] Arg. Muttathuri. tender fruit is consumed as antipyretic. In Kerala, fruit rind is pickled for use in everyday life. The pericarp of tithuri/ Kalikuki/ - In Kerala, boiled water of fruits, bark and leaves powder form is taken in [30-31] ternally to take out poison traditionally. The fresh leaves paste is applied Leave dishes and consumed with rice or rice soup. on swellings for anti-inflammatory purposes. Leaves are cooked like side [32] wounds and antibacterial recreation. The bark is used as a tonic in disorders of mucous membrane and to heal Bark American Journal
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