DOCSLIB.ORG

United States Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D.C

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
United States Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D.C UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION MEMORANDUM DATE: March 1, 2013 SUBJECT: Crop Grouping – Part X: Analysis of the USDA IR-4 Petition to Amend the Crop Group Regulation 40 CFR § 180.41 (c) (25) and Commodity Definitions [40 CFR 180.1 (g)] Related to the Proposed Crop Group 23 Tropical and Subtropical Fruit – Edible Peel. PC Code: NA DP Barcode: NA Decision No.: NA Registration No.: NA Petition No.: NA Regulatory Action: Crop Grouping Regulation Risk Assessment Type: None Case No.: NA TXR No.: NA CAS No.: NA MRID No.: 482971-01 40 CFR: 180.41 (c) (25) and 180.1 (g) FROM: Bernard A. Schneider, Ph.D., Senior Plant Physiologist Chemistry and Exposure Branch Health Effects Division (7509P) THROUGH: Donna Davis and Donald Wilbur, Ph.D., Chairpersons HED Chemistry Science Advisory Council (ChemSAC) Health Effects Division (7509P) TO: Barbara Madden, Minor Use Officer Risk Integration, Minor Use, and Emergency Response Branch (RIMUERB) Registration Division (7505P) cc: IR-4 Project, Bill Barney, Jerry Baron, Dan Kunkel, Debbie Carpenter, Van Starner 2 ACTION REQUESTED: William P. Barney, Crop Grouping Project Coordinator, and Kathryn Homa, Assistant Coordinator, USDA Interregional Research Project No. 4 (IR-4), State Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers University has submitted a petition (November 16, 2010) on behalf of the IR-4 Project, and the Tropical Fruits Workgroup of the International Crop Grouping Consulting Committee (ICGCC) to establish a new Crop Group (40 CFR § 180.41) Crop Group 23, Tropical and Subtropical Fruit – Edible Peel Group, and propose addition of Commodity Definitions 40 CFR 180.1 (g). The above-mentioned Tropical and Subtropical fruit crop group petition requested the following five proposals: 1. Establish a new crop group in 40 CFR 180.41 (c) as “Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Edible Peel”. 2. Add the following 108 commodities to this new crop group: 1. Açaí, Euterpe oleracea Mart., (Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)) 2. Acerola, Malpighia emarginata DC., (Malpighiaceae) 3. African plum, Vitex doniana Sweet, (Lamiaceae (alt. Labiatae) (also placed in Verbenaceae)) 4. Agritos, Berberis trifoliolata Moric., (Berberidaceae) 5. Almondette, Buchanania lanzan Spreng., (Anacardiaceae) 6. Ambarella, Spondias dulcis Sol. ex Parkinson, (Anacardiaceae) 7. Apak palm, Brahea dulcis (Kunth) Mart., (Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)) 8. Appleberry, Billardiera scandens Sm., (Pittosporaceae) 9. Arazá, Eugenia stipitata McVaugh, (Myrtaceae) 10. Arbutus Berry, Arbutus unedo L., (Ericaceae) 11. Babaco, Vasconcellea x heilbornii (V. M. Badillo) V. M. Badillo, (Caricaceae) 12. Bacaba palm, Oenocarpus bacaba Mart., (Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)) 13. Bacaba-de-leque, Oenocarpus distichus Mart., (Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)) 14. Bayberry, Red, Morella rubra Lour., (Myricaceae) 15. Bignay, Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng., (Phyllanthaceae (also placed in Euphorbiaceae, Stilaginaceae)) 16. Bilimbi, Averrhoa bilimbi L., (Oxalidaceae (also placed in Averrhoaceae)) 17. Breadnut, Brosimum alicastrum Sw., (Moraceae) 18. Cabeluda, Plinia glomerata (O. Berg) Amshoff, (Myrtaceae) 19. Cajou (pseudofruit), Anacardium giganteum Hance ex Engl., (Anacardiaceae) 20. Cambucá, Marlierea edulis Nied., (Myrtaceae) 21. Carandas-plum, Carissa edulis Vahl, (Apocynaceae) 22. Carob, Ceratonia siliqua L., (Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae) (also placed in Caesalpiniaceae)) 23. Cashew (pseudofruit), Anacardium occidentale L., (Anacardiaceae) 24. Ceylon iron wood, Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard, (Sapotaceae) 25. Ceylon olive, Elaeocarpus serratus L., (Elaeocarpaceae) 26. Cherry-of-the-Rio-Grande, Eugenia aggregata (Vell.) Kiaersk., (Myrtaceae) 2 3 27. Chinese olive, black, Canarium tramdenum C. D. Dai& Yakovlev, (Burseraceae) 28. Chinese olive, white, Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch., (Burseraceae) 29. Chirauli-nut, Buchanania latifolia Roxb., (Anacardiaceae) 30. Ciruela verde, Bunchosia armeniaca (Cav.) DC., (Malpighiaceae) 31. Cocoplum, Chrysobalanus icaco L., (Chrysobalanaceae) 32. Date, Phoenix dactylifera L., (Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)) 33. Davidson's plum, Davidsonia pruriens F. Muell., (Cunoniaceae (also placed in Davidsoniaceae)) 34. Desert-date, Balanites aegyptiacus (L.) Delile, (Zygophyllaceae (also placed in Balanitaceae)) 35. Doum palm coconut, Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart., (Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)) 36. False sandalwood, Ximenia americana L., (Olacaceae) 37. Feijoa, Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret, (Myrtaceae) 38. Fig, Ficus carica L., (Moraceae) 39. Fragrant Manjack, Cordia dichotoma G. Forst., (Boraginaceae) 40. Gooseberry, Abyssinian, Dovyalis abyssinica (A. Rich.) Warb., (Salicaceae (also placed in Flacourtiaceae)) 41. Gooseberry, Ceylon, Dovyalis hebecarpa (Gardner) Warb., (Salicaceae (also placed in Flacourtiaceae)) 42. Gooseberry, Indian, Phyllanthus emblica L., (Phyllanthaceae (also placed in Euphorbiaceae)) 43. Gooseberry, Otaheite, Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels, (Phyllanthaceae (also placed in Euphorbiaceae)) 44. Governor's plum, Flacourtia indica (Burm. F.) Merr., (Salicaceae (also placed in Flacourtiaceae)) 45. Grumichama, Eugenia brasiliensis Lam, (Myrtaceae) 46. Guabiroba, Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg, (Myrtaceae) 47. Guava, Psidium guajava L., (Myrtaceae) [Includes by crop definition: 48. Guava berry, Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg, (Myrtaceae) 49. Guava, Brazilian, Psidium guineense Sw., (Myrtaceae) 50. Guava, Cattley, Psidium cattleianum Sabine, (Myrtaceae) 51. Guava, Costa Rican, (Psidium friedrichsthalianum (O. Berg) Nied.), (Myrtaceae) 52. Guava, Para, Psidium acutangulum DC., (Myrtaceae) 53. Guava, purple strawberry, Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. cattleianum, (Myrtaceae) 54. Guava, strawberry, Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. littorale (Raddi) Fosberg, (Myrtaceae) 55. Guava, yellow strawberry, Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. cattleianum forma lucidum O. Deg., (Myrtaceae) 56. Guayabillo, (Psidium sartorianum (O. Berg) Nied.) 57. Illawarra plum, Podocarpus elatus R. Br. Ex Endl., (Podocarpaceae) 58. Imbé, Garcinia livingstonei T. Anderson, (Clusiaceae (alt. Guttiferae)) 59. Imbu, Spondias tuberosa Arruda ex Kost., (Anacardiaceae) 60. Indian-plum, Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.). (basionym), (Salicaceae (also placed in Flacourtiaceae)) 61. Jaboticaba, Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg, (Myrtaceae) 62. Jamaica-cherry, Muntingia calabura L., (Muntingiaceae, ((also placed in Elaeocarpaceae, Tiliaceae)) 63. Jambolan, Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, (Myrtaceae) 64. Jelly palm, Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc., (Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)) 65. Jujube, Chinese, Ziziphus jujuba Mill., (Rhamnaceae) 66. Jujube, Indian, Ziziphus mauritiana Lam., (Rhamnaceae) 67. Kaffir-plum, Harpephyllum caffrum Bernh. Ex C. Krauss, (Anacardiaceae) 68. Kakadu plum, Terminalia latipes Benth. Subsp. psilocarpa Pedley, (Combretaceae) 3 4 69. Kapundung, Baccaurea racemosa (Reinw.) Mull. Arg., (Phyllanthaceae (also placed in Euphorbiaceae)) 70. Karanda, Carissa carandas L., (Apocynaceae) 71. Kwai muk, Artocarpus hypargyreus Hance ex Benth., (Moraceae) 72. Lemon aspen, Acronychia acidula F. Muell., (Rutaceae) 73. Mangaba, Hancornia speciosa Gomes, (Apocynaceae) 74. Marian plum, Bouea macrophylla Griff., (Anacardiaceae) 75. Mombin, Malayan, Spondias pinnata (J. Koenig ex L. f.) Kurz, (Anacardiaceae) 76. Mombin, purple, Spondias purpurea L., (Anacardiaceae) 77. Mombin, yellow, Spondias mombin L., (Anacardiaceae) 78. Monkeyfruit, Artocarpus lacucha Buch.-Ham., (Moraceae) 79. Monos plum, Pseudanamomis umbellulifera (Kunth) Kausel, (Myrtaceae) 80. Mountain cherry, Bunchosia cornifolia Kunth, (Malpighiaceae) 81. Nance, Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth, (Malpighiaceae) 82. Natal plum, Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC, (Apocynaceae) 83. Noni, Morinda citrifolia L., (Rubiaceae) 84. Olive, Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea, (Oleaceae) 85. Papaya, Mountain, Vasconcellea pubescens A. DC., (Caricaceae) 86. Patauá, Oenocarpus bataua Mart., (Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)) 87. Peach palm, Bactris gasipaes Kunth var. gasipaes, (Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)) 88. Persimmon, black, Diospyros texana Scheele, (Ebenaceae) 89. Persimmon, Japanese, Diospyros kaki Thunb., (Ebenaceae) 90. Pitomba, Eugenia luschnathiana Klotzsch ex O. Berg, (Myrtaceae) 91. Plum-of-Martinique, Flacourtia inermis Roxb., (Salicaceae (also placed in Flacourtiaceae)) 92. Pomerac, Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, (Myrtaceae) 93. Rambai, Baccaurea motleyana (Mull. Arg.) Mull. Arg., (Phyllanthaceae) 94. Rose apple, Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston, (Myrtaceae) 95. Rukam, Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritizi, (Salicaceae (also placed in Flacourtiaceae)) 96. Rumberry, Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) Mc Vaugh, (Myrtaceae) 97. Sea grape, Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L., (Polygonaceae) 98. Sentul, Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. F.) Merr., (Meliaceae) 99. Sete-capotes, Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg, (Myrtaceae) 100. Silver aspen, Acronychia wilcoxiana (F. Muell.) T.G. Hartley, (Rutaceae) 101. Starfruit, Averrhoa carambola L., (Oxalidaceae (also placed in Averrhoaceae)) 102. Surinam cherry, Eugenia uniflora L., (Myrtaceae) 103. Tamarind, Tamarindus indica L., (Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae) (also placed in Caesalpiniaceae)) 104. Uvalha, Eugenia pyriformis Cambess., (Myrtaceae) 105. Water apple, Syzygium aqueum (Burm. F.) Alston, (Myrtaceae) 106. Water pear, Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC., (Myrtaceae) 107. Water berry, Syzygium cordatum Hochst. Ex C. Krauss, (Myrtaceae) 108. Wax jambu, Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry, (Myrtaceae). And cultivars,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Enhanced Pharmaceutically Active Compounds Productivity from Streptomyces SUK 25: Optimization, Characterization, Mechanism and Techno-Economic Analysis
    molecules Article Enhanced Pharmaceutically Active Compounds Productivity from Streptomyces SUK 25: Optimization, Characterization, Mechanism and Techno-Economic Analysis Muhanna Mohammed Al-Shaibani 1,2, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed 1,* , Noraziah Mohamad Zin 2,*, Adel Al-Gheethi 1,*, Mohammed Al-Sahari 1 and Hesham Ali El Enshasy 3,4 1 Micro-Pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, 86400 Batu Pahat, Malaysia; [email protected] (M.M.A.-S.); [email protected] (M.A.-S.) 2 Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3 Institute of Bioproducts Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Malaysia; [email protected] 4 City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), New Burg Al Arab, 21934 Alexandria, Egypt * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.M.S.R.M.); [email protected] (N.M.Z.); [email protected] (A.A.-G.); Tel.: +607-4564236 (R.M.S.R.M.); +603-92897373 (N.M.Z.); +607-4564346 (A.A.-G.); Fax: +607-4536588(R.M.S.R.M.); +601-93924639 (N.M.Z.); +607-4536588 (A.A.-G.) Citation: Al-Shaibani, M.M.; Radin Abstract: The present research aimed to enhance the pharmaceutically active compounds’ (PhACs’) Mohamed, R.M.S.; Zin, N.M.; productivity from Streptomyces SUK 25 in submerged fermentation using response surface methodol- Al-Gheethi, A.; Al-Sahari, M.; El ogy (RSM) as a tool for optimization. Besides, the characteristics and mechanism of PhACs against Enshasy, H.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Method to Estimate Dry-Kiln Schedules and Species Groupings: Tropical and Temperate Hardwoods
    United States Department of Agriculture Method to Estimate Forest Service Forest Dry-Kiln Schedules Products Laboratory Research and Species Groupings Paper FPL–RP–548 Tropical and Temperate Hardwoods William T. Simpson Abstract Contents Dry-kiln schedules have been developed for many wood Page species. However, one problem is that many, especially tropical species, have no recommended schedule. Another Introduction................................................................1 problem in drying tropical species is the lack of a way to Estimation of Kiln Schedules.........................................1 group them when it is impractical to fill a kiln with a single Background .............................................................1 species. This report investigates the possibility of estimating kiln schedules and grouping species for drying using basic Related Research...................................................1 specific gravity as the primary variable for prediction and grouping. In this study, kiln schedules were estimated by Current Kiln Schedules ..........................................1 establishing least squares relationships between schedule Method of Schedule Estimation...................................2 parameters and basic specific gravity. These relationships were then applied to estimate schedules for 3,237 species Estimation of Initial Conditions ..............................2 from Africa, Asia and Oceana, and Latin America. Nine drying groups were established, based on intervals of specific Estimation
    [Show full text]
  • A Compilation and Analysis of Food Plants Utilization of Sri Lankan Butterfly Larvae (Papilionoidea)
    MAJOR ARTICLE TAPROBANICA, ISSN 1800–427X. August, 2014. Vol. 06, No. 02: pp. 110–131, pls. 12, 13. © Research Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia & Taprobanica Private Limited, Homagama, Sri Lanka http://www.sljol.info/index.php/tapro A COMPILATION AND ANALYSIS OF FOOD PLANTS UTILIZATION OF SRI LANKAN BUTTERFLY LARVAE (PAPILIONOIDEA) Section Editors: Jeffrey Miller & James L. Reveal Submitted: 08 Dec. 2013, Accepted: 15 Mar. 2014 H. D. Jayasinghe1,2, S. S. Rajapaksha1, C. de Alwis1 1Butterfly Conservation Society of Sri Lanka, 762/A, Yatihena, Malwana, Sri Lanka 2 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Larval food plants (LFPs) of Sri Lankan butterflies are poorly documented in the historical literature and there is a great need to identify LFPs in conservation perspectives. Therefore, the current study was designed and carried out during the past decade. A list of LFPs for 207 butterfly species (Super family Papilionoidea) of Sri Lanka is presented based on local studies and includes 785 plant-butterfly combinations and 480 plant species. Many of these combinations are reported for the first time in Sri Lanka. The impact of introducing new plants on the dynamics of abundance and distribution of butterflies, the possibility of butterflies being pests on crops, and observations of LFPs of rare butterfly species, are discussed. This information is crucial for the conservation management of the butterfly fauna in Sri Lanka. Key words: conservation, crops, larval food plants (LFPs), pests, plant-butterfly combination. Introduction Butterflies go through complete metamorphosis 1949). As all herbivorous insects show some and have two stages of food consumtion.
    [Show full text]
  • Herbal Cosmetics for Skin and Hair Care
    Article Herbal Cosmetics for Skin and Hair care V P Kapoor National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow – 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India Abstract Allopathic system alone is proving insufficient and there is need to The cosmetics are the utility products used extensively throughout the world for supplement it with herbal drugs. The most maintaining and improving general appearance of face and other parts of body e.g. mouth, hand appropriate way is to utilize modern as finger, eye, hair, etc. It includes creams, powders, face pack, lotions, moisturizers, shampoo, hair well as traditional system to look after oil, conditioners, nail polish, etc. Smooth, shinning, healthy skin and hair certainly count for a beautiful woman or handsome man. Numerous chemical toxins, microorganisms, chemicals, the health of the people. Much awareness infections present in atmosphere cause damage to skin. Cosmetics alone are not sufficient to take is created amongst the consumers for care of skin and body parts, it require association of active ingredients to check the damage and health and better quality lives, which led ageing of the skin. Herbal cosmetics are now emerged as the appropriate solution to the current towards more use of herbal drugs, herbal problem. Personal care industry is currently more concentrated on herbal cosmetics as now-a-days cosmetics, neutraceuticals and natural it is a fast growing segment with a vast scope of manifold expansion in coming years. Herbal cosmetics are the preparations, which represent cosmetics associated with active bio-ingredients, dyes. The new markets are being driven neutraceuticals or pharmaceuticals. The use of bioactive phytochemicals from a variety of botanicals by fundamental shifts in demand for have dual function, (i) they serve as cosmetics for the care of body and its parts and (ii) the herbal-based products and renewed botanical ingredients present therein influence biological functions of skin and provide nutrients concern about the synthetic-based necessary for the healthy skin or hair.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Fruits on the Southeast Asian Mainland
    OFFPRINT A history of fruits on the Southeast Asian mainland Roger Blench Kay Williamson Educational Foundation Cambridge, UK E-mail: [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm Occasional Paper 4 Linguistics, Archaeology and the Human Past Edited by Toshiki OSADA and Akinori UESUGI Indus Project Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan 2008 ISBN 978-4-902325-33-1 A history of Fruits on the Southeast Asian mainland A history of fruits on the Southeast Asian mainland Roger Blench Kay Williamson Educational Foundation Cambridge, UK E-mail: [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm ABSTRACT The paper presents an overview of the history of the principal tree fruits grown on the Southeast Asian mainland, making use of data from biogeography, archaeobotany, iconography and linguistics. Many assertions in the literature about the origins of particular species are found to be without empirical basis. In the absence of other data, comparative linguistics is an important source for tracing the spread of some fruits. Contrary to the Pacific, it seems that many of the fruits we now consider characteristic of the region may well have spread in recent times. INTRODUCTION empirical base for Pacific languages is not matched for mainland phyla such as Austroasiatic, Daic, Sino- This study 1) is intended to complement a previous Tibetan or Hmong-Mien, so accounts based purely paper on the history of tree-fruits in island Southeast on Austronesian tend to give a one-sided picture. Asia and the Pacific (Blench 2005). Arboriculture Although occasional detailed accounts of individual is very neglected in comparison to other types of languages exist (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Plants Sixth Edition Sixth Edition AUSTRALIAN Native Plants Cultivation, Use in Landscaping and Propagation
    AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS SIXTH EDITION SIXTH EDITION AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS Cultivation, Use in Landscaping and Propagation John W. Wrigley Murray Fagg Sixth Edition published in Australia in 2013 by ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Reed New Holland an imprint of New Holland Publishers (Australia) Pty Ltd Sydney • Auckland • London • Cape Town Many people have helped us since 1977 when we began writing the first edition of Garfield House 86–88 Edgware Road London W2 2EA United Kingdom Australian Native Plants. Some of these folk have regrettably passed on, others have moved 1/66 Gibbes Street Chatswood NSW 2067 Australia to different areas. We endeavour here to acknowledge their assistance, without which the 218 Lake Road Northcote Auckland New Zealand Wembley Square First Floor Solan Road Gardens Cape Town 8001 South Africa various editions of this book would not have been as useful to so many gardeners and lovers of Australian plants. www.newhollandpublishers.com To the following people, our sincere thanks: Steve Adams, Ralph Bailey, Natalie Barnett, www.newholland.com.au Tony Bean, Lloyd Bird, John Birks, Mr and Mrs Blacklock, Don Blaxell, Jim Bourner, John Copyright © 2013 in text: John Wrigley Briggs, Colin Broadfoot, Dot Brown, the late George Brown, Ray Brown, Leslie Conway, Copyright © 2013 in map: Ian Faulkner Copyright © 2013 in photographs and illustrations: Murray Fagg Russell and Sharon Costin, Kirsten Cowley, Lyn Craven (Petraeomyrtus punicea photograph) Copyright © 2013 New Holland Publishers (Australia) Pty Ltd Richard Cummings, Bert
    [Show full text]
  • Annona Cherimola Mill.) and Highland Papayas (Vasconcellea Spp.) in Ecuador
    Faculteit Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen Academiejaar 2001 – 2002 DISTRIBUTION AND POTENTIAL OF CHERIMOYA (ANNONA CHERIMOLA MILL.) AND HIGHLAND PAPAYAS (VASCONCELLEA SPP.) IN ECUADOR VERSPREIDING EN POTENTIEEL VAN CHERIMOYA (ANNONA CHERIMOLA MILL.) EN HOOGLANDPAPAJA’S (VASCONCELLEA SPP.) IN ECUADOR ir. Xavier SCHELDEMAN Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor (Ph.D.) in Applied Biological Sciences Proefschrift voorgedragen tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen Op gezag van Rector: Prof. dr. A. DE LEENHEER Decaan: Promotor: Prof. dr. ir. O. VAN CLEEMPUT Prof. dr. ir. P. VAN DAMME The author and the promotor give authorisation to consult and to copy parts of this work for personal use only. Any other use is limited by Laws of Copyright. Permission to reproduce any material contained in this work should be obtained from the author. De auteur en de promotor geven de toelating dit doctoraatswerk voor consultatie beschikbaar te stellen en delen ervan te kopiëren voor persoonlijk gebruik. Elk ander gebruik valt onder de beperkingen van het auteursrecht, in het bijzonder met betrekking tot de verplichting uitdrukkelijk de bron vermelden bij het aanhalen van de resultaten uit dit werk. Prof. dr. ir. P. Van Damme X. Scheldeman Promotor Author Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences Department Plant Production Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agronomy and Ethnobotany Coupure links 653 B-9000 Ghent Belgium Acknowledgements __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Acknowledgements After two years of reading, data processing, writing and correcting, this Ph.D. thesis is finally born. Like Veerle’s pregnancy of our two children, born during this same period, it had its hard moments relieved luckily enough with pleasant ones.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of Malpighiaceae: Evidence from Chloroplast NDHF and TRNL-F Nucleotide Sequences
    Phylogeny of Malpighiaceae: Evidence from Chloroplast NDHF and TRNL-F Nucleotide Sequences The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Davis, Charles C., William R. Anderson, and Michael J. Donoghue. 2001. Phylogeny of Malpighiaceae: Evidence from chloroplast NDHF and TRNL-F nucleotide sequences. American Journal of Botany 88(10): 1830-1846. Published Version http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3558360 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:2674790 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA American Journal of Botany 88(10): 1830±1846. 2001. PHYLOGENY OF MALPIGHIACEAE: EVIDENCE FROM CHLOROPLAST NDHF AND TRNL-F NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES1 CHARLES C. DAVIS,2,5 WILLIAM R. ANDERSON,3 AND MICHAEL J. DONOGHUE4 2Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA; 3University of Michigan Herbarium, North University Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1057 USA; and 4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 USA The Malpighiaceae are a family of ;1250 species of predominantly New World tropical ¯owering plants. Infrafamilial classi®cation has long been based on fruit characters. Phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast DNA nucleotide sequences were analyzed to help resolve the phylogeny of Malpighiaceae. A total of 79 species, representing 58 of the 65 currently recognized genera, were studied.
    [Show full text]
  • Marker-Assisted Breeding for Papaya Ringspot Virus Resistance in Carica Papaya L
    Marker-Assisted Breeding for Papaya Ringspot Virus Resistance in Carica papaya L. Author O'Brien, Christopher Published 2010 Thesis Type Thesis (Masters) School Griffith School of Environment DOI https://doi.org/10.25904/1912/3639 Copyright Statement The author owns the copyright in this thesis, unless stated otherwise. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365618 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Marker-Assisted Breeding for Papaya Ringspot Virus Resistance in Carica papaya L. Christopher O'Brien BAppliedSc (Environmental and Production Horticulture) University of Queensland Griffith School of Environment Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology Griffith University Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Philosophy September 4, 2009 2 Table of Contents Page No. Abstract ……………………………………………………… 11 Statement of Originality ………………………………………........ 13 Acknowledgements …………………………………………. 15 Chapter 1 Literature review ………………………………....... 17 1.1 Overview of Carica papaya L. (papaya)………………… 19 1.1.1 Taxonomy ………………………………………………… . 19 1.1.2 Origin ………………………………………………….. 19 1.1.3 Botany …………………………………………………… 20 1.1.4 Importance …………………………………………………... 25 1.2 Overview of Vasconcellea species ……………………… 28 1.2.1 Taxonomy …………………………………………………… 28 1.2.2 Origin ……………………………………………………… 28 1.2.3 Botany ……………………………………………………… 31 1.2.4 Importance …………………………………………………… 31 1.2.5 Brief synopsis of Vasconcellea species …………………….. 33 1.3 Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-P)…………………………. 42 1.3.1 Overview ………………………………………………………. 42 1.3.2 Distribution …………………………………………………… 43 1.3.3 Symptoms and effects ……………………………………….. .. 44 1.3.4 Transmission …………………………………………………. 45 1.3.5 Control ………………………………………………………. .. 46 1.4 Breeding ………………………………………………………. 47 1.4.1 Disease resistance …………………………………………….. 47 1.4.2 Biotechnology………………………………………………….. 50 1.4.3 Intergeneric hybridisation…………………………………….. 51 1.4.4 Genetic transformation………………………………………… 54 1.4.5 DNA analysis ……………………………………………….....
    [Show full text]
  • The in Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Ripe Fruit Extracts (Pericarp and Seed) of Bunchosia Armeniaca (Cav.) DC
    ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY Research Article Asian J. Pharmacogn 3(3):20-28 © 2019, Asian Society of Pharmacognosy. All Rights Reserved. eISSN-0128-1119 The in vitro evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activities of ripe fruit extracts (pericarp and seed) of Bunchosia armeniaca (Cav.) DC. Mackingsley Kushan Dassanayake University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK *For correspondence: [email protected] _________________________________ Abstract: Plants are rich sources of phytoconstituents that have the ability to contribute biological activities. Indigenously prepared crude extracts of medicinal plants have been used as medications to treat infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms by people of various ethnic origins for many centuries in folkloric medicine. The research in discovering new and innovative antimicrobial compounds from plants has received increased concern due to the global rise of antimicrobial resistance. The present study aims to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial potential of pericarp and seed extracts of ripe fruits associated with a native South American plant specimen known as Bunchosia armeniaca. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of aqueous and ethanolic crude extracts with concentrations ranging from 1000 to 125 µg/ml were determined against bacterial pathogens of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, viridans group streptococci, and fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigates by performing the agar well diffusion assay. The pericarp extract did not exhibit any antimicrobial activity while the aqueous seed extract was only active against Escherichia coli, which indicated a mean inhibition zone diameter of 16.2 mm at its highest concentration. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the seed extract was 250 µg/ml.
    [Show full text]
  • Propagation Methods in Babaco Plants (Vasconcella X Helbornii)
    ISSN (Online): 2349 -1183; ISSN (Print): 2349 -9265 TROPICAL PLANT RESEARCH 6(1): 37–45, 2019 The Journal of the Society for Tropical Plant Research DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i1.007 Review article Propagation methods in Babaco plants (Vasconcella x helbornii) M. G. Jadán* and C. Dorca-Fornell Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Av. General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí- Ecuador, P.O.Box:171-5-231B *Corresponding Author: [email protected] [Accepted: 25 February 2019] Abstract: Babaco, (Vasconcellea x helbornii syn Carica pentagona), is an endemic fruit to South of Ecuador and North of Peru, which is becoming very popular on the continuously expanding subtropical fruit market for a few years now. From the nutritional point of view, this fruit is very rich in fiber, it also has a good amount of vitamins, minerals and papain, an enzyme with great digestive and anti-inflammatory properties. However, due to the diseases that attack babaco plants and the sterile character of their fruits, exports have been significantly reduced being considered as an unprofitable agricultural production. New techniques in plant biotechnology as in vitro culture could make possible a massive production of free-pathogens babaco plants. In particular, somatic embryogenesis is a rapid way of obtaining genetically identical individuals which is also used in in vitro conservation of germplasm and plant genetic improvement. The present document aims to summarize the techniques of obtaining new plants of babaco and evidences the achievements obtained in somatic embryogenesis in the Caricaceae family up today. Keywords: Babaco - Vasconcellea x heilbornii - Cárica pentágona - Caricaceae - in vitro culture - Somatic embryogenesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthocyanins, Vibrant Color Pigments, and Their Role in Skin Cancer Prevention
    biomedicines Review Anthocyanins, Vibrant Color Pigments, and Their Role in Skin Cancer Prevention 1,2, , 2,3, 4,5 3 Zorit, a Diaconeasa * y , Ioana S, tirbu y, Jianbo Xiao , Nicolae Leopold , Zayde Ayvaz 6 , Corina Danciu 7, Huseyin Ayvaz 8 , Andreea Stanilˇ aˇ 1,2,Madˇ alinaˇ Nistor 1,2 and Carmen Socaciu 1,2 1 Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (M.N.); [email protected] (C.S.) 2 Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănă¸stur3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Physics, Babes, -Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; [email protected] 4 Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; [email protected] 5 International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China 6 Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Department of Marine Technology Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey; [email protected] 7 Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; [email protected] 8 Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Canakkale, Turkey; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +40-751-033-871 These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 31 July 2020; Accepted: 25 August 2020; Published: 9 September 2020 Abstract: Until today, numerous studies evaluated the topic of anthocyanins and various types of cancer, regarding the anthocyanins’ preventative and inhibitory effects, underlying molecular mechanisms, and such.
    [Show full text]