AUSTRALIAN Native Plants Sixth edition Sixth edition AUSTRALIAN Native Plants Cultivation, Use in Landscaping and Propagation

John W. Wrigley Murray Fagg Sixth Edition published in Australia in 2013 by ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Reed New Holland an imprint of New Holland Publishers (Australia) Pty Ltd Sydney • Auckland • London • Cape Town Many people have helped us since 1977 when we began writing the first edition of Garfield House 86–88 Edgware Road London W2 2EA United Kingdom Australian Native Plants. Some of these folk have regrettably passed on, others have moved 1/66 Gibbes Street Chatswood NSW 2067 Australia to different areas. We endeavour here to acknowledge their assistance, without which the 218 Lake Road Northcote Auckland New Zealand Wembley Square First Floor Solan Road Gardens Cape Town 8001 South Africa various editions of this book would not have been as useful to so many gardeners and lovers of Australian plants. www.newhollandpublishers.com To the following people, our sincere thanks: Steve Adams, Ralph Bailey, Natalie Barnett, www.newholland.com.au Tony Bean, Lloyd Bird, John Birks, Mr and Mrs Blacklock, Don Blaxell, Jim Bourner, John Copyright © 2013 in text: John Wrigley Briggs, Colin Broadfoot, Dot Brown, the late George Brown, Ray Brown, Leslie Conway, Copyright © 2013 in map: Ian Faulkner Copyright © 2013 in photographs and illustrations: Murray Fagg Russell and Sharon Costin, Kirsten Cowley, Lyn Craven (Petraeomyrtus punicea photograph) Copyright © 2013 New Holland Publishers (Australia) Pty Ltd Richard Cummings, Bert Curtis, Kerry Davis, Richard and Geoff Davis, Iain Dawson (Geraldton Wax plantation photograph) Mr and Mrs K. Dimpel, John Donohue, Siobhan Duffy, First published in Australia by William Collins Pty Ltd in 1979 Reprinted (with alterations) 1980, 1981 Ted Duncan, Clyde Dunlop, Merv Ebeling, Rodger Elliot, John Evans, the late Lydia Fagg, Second edition 1983, reprinted 1984 Mark Ferrington, Mrs M.Fisch, Alex Floyd, Noel Gane, the late Gordon Gardiner (mistletoe Third edition 1988, reprinted 1989, 1990 photograph), Chris Gardner, Alan Giles, Don Glasgow, the late David and Dorothy Gordon, Fourth edition published by Reed Books in 1996 Fifth Edition published by Reed New Holland in 2003 Paul and Michelle Grant, Ann Hamilton, John Hamilton, David Hanger, Alex and Barbara Hansa, Margaret Haupt, Dennis Hearne, Bill Heather (Phytophthora photograph), the late All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or Max Hewett, the late Ken Hill, Maria Hitchcock, David Hockings, Merv Hodge, Bernie otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers and copyright holders. Hyland, Tony Irvine, Bob Jago, Rosemary James, Sandra Jenni, Malcolm and Jenny Johns, Bob Johnson, the late Laurie Johnson, Lorna and Ron Johnson, David and Barbara Jones, National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data: Wrigley, John W. (John Walter). Garry Kenning, Jackie Koppman, Ted Lawler, Richard Lear, Cathie and Vincent Lee, John and Australian native plants : cultivation, use in landscaping and propagation. Addie Lee, Ray Leggett, Brendan Lepschi, Peg McAlister, Ross McDonald, Doug Mackenzie, Neil Marriott, Bruce Maslin, David Mason, Mr and Mrs K. Milburn, Bill Molyneux, Anna 6th ed. Bibliography. Monro, Angela and Arthur Mousamas, Allen and Lorna Murray, Tony Murray, Leearne Neal, Includes index. the late Ken Newbey, Robin Nielsen (Nothofagus gunnii photo), Graham Nosworthy, Sue ISBN: 9781921517150 (hbk) and Hugh O’Brien, Peter and Jennifer Ollerenshaw (advice and Correa photograph), the late 1. Native plant gardening - Australia. 2. Native plants for cultivation - Australia. Eric Packer, the late Ray Page, Natalie and Roger Peate, Graeme and Elaine Reid, Mark 3. Plants, Ornamental - Australia. I. Fagg, Murray. II. Title. Richardson, John Rose, Jim Ross, Barbara Rye, Mr and Mrs G. Sago, Garry Sankowsky

635.95194 (Austromuellera, Helicia and Placospermum photographs), Judge Pat Shanahan, the late Harvey Shaw, Jim Shawyer, John Smith, Laurie Smith, Terry Smith, Geoff Stocker, the late Ken Publisher: Fiona Schultz Stuckey, the late Valerie Swane, Martin Swanson, the late David Symon, Ian Telford, David 5th Edition Editor: Anne Savage Designer: Kimberley Pearce Theobald, Kevin Thiele (Banksia-Dryandra diagram), Jim Thomas, Geoff Tracey, Phillip Production Director: Olga Dementiev Vaughan, Jane and Stan Walkley, Mrs White, Jan Wilson, Vince Winkel, Ross Worrall, Tom Printer: Toppan Leefung China Ltd Wyatt, Joyce Yearn, Frank Zich. Picture captions: cover: Ceratopetalum gummiferum In addition, staff of the Australian National Botanic Gardens and Australian National title page: Aceratium ferrugineum Herbarium, Canberra, and the Royal Botanic Gardens in Sydney and Melbourne were most contents page: Corymbia ‘Summer Red’ back cover: Alectyon coriaceus helpful. Thanks also to the Australian Plant Census team in Canberra and the State herbaria for their painstaking work. Finally a special thank you to our wives: Marcia Wrigley, who typed the manuscript for the first three editions and helped with the endless checking and indexing; and Rosemary Purdie, who assisted in field collecting and photography. J. W. Wrigley M. A. Fagg Coffs Harbour 2012 Canberra 2012 CONTENTS

Acknowledgements 5 Key to Symbols 8 Selected Geographic Data for Australia 8 Climatic Zones Map 9 Preface to the Sixth Edition 10 How to Use this Book 12

1 Why Native Plants? 18 2 Collection of Material 21 3 Propagation 30 4 Plant Management 46 5 Fertilisers 59 6 Pests and Diseases 62 7 Landscaping and Selection 81 8 Commercial Uses of Native Plants 88

9 Ground covers 100 10 Rockery Plants 130 11 Water Features 208 12 Shrubs 232 13 Trees 502 14 Annuals and Bedding Plants 621 15 Climbers 629 16 Container Plants 654

Parts of a Flower 672 Glossary 673 References 679 Index 683 Key to symbols used in species descriptions Climatic Zones

Suitable for poorly drained Flowers, fruits or foliage Suitable as a street tree E places Q suitable for floral Y arrangements Suitable for the tropics Suitable for heavy shade Suitable for growing in F R water or an aquarium Z darwin Suitable for Suitable for pots or hanging Rating needs to be G low-maintenance areas S baskets or for indoor confirmed’ decoration ? Suitable for areas with frosts down to –7ºC (in conditions Suitable as hedge or Rating applies to some Cairns H of normal rainfall) U for screening () forms of the species atherton Recommended for foliage Attractive fruits Some part of the plant L V £ is edible townsville

Bird attracting Resistant to salty winds Some part of the plant O W ¢ is aromatic or perfumed Useful as feature or focal Attractive bark or trunk Planting zones alice Rockhampton P point in a landscape X A H optimum for springs - the species

Glenmorgan brisbane Selected Climatic Data toowoomba

Listed below are selected climatic data for some of the cities and towns mentioned in this book. Rainfall figures are expressed as the annual mean. Maximum and minimum temperature figures are Coffs harbour those expected on at least four days in the hottest and coldest months. It should be noted that when we discuss the ‘humid east coast’ in the body of the book, we refer to the coastal area from Sydney north. Perth sydney swan hill Rainfall Temperatures adelaide Canberra Max. Min. Adelaide Dry summers, wet winters 533mm 36ºC 5ºC Millicent Melbourne Alice Springs Dry summer, drier winters 246mm 41ºC 0ºC Atherton Wet summers, dry winters 1246mm 35ºC 9ºC Brisbane Wet summers, drier winters 1146mm 32ºC 6ºC Cairns Very wet summers, dry winters 2036mm 33ºC 14ºC Canberra Even, low rainfall 633mm 33ºC –5ºC hobart Coffs Harbour Wet summers, dry winters 1759mm 28ºC 2ºC Darwin Wet summers, very dry winters 1813mm 35ºC 17ºC Glenmorgan Even, low rainfall 578mm 38ºC –1ºC Hobart Wet summers, wet winters 622mm 27ºC 1ºC Melbourne Wet summers, wet winters 658mm 35ºC 3ºC Millicent Wet winters, drier summers 788mm 34ºC 1ºC Perth Dry summers, wet winters 883mm 36ºC 6ºC Key to Zones Rockhampton Wet summers, very dry winters 856mm 35ºC 4ºC A ZONE A C ZONE C E ZONE E G ZONE G Swan Hill Dry summers, wetter winters 345mm 37ºC 1ºC Sydney Wet winters, wetter summers 1216mm 30ºC 6ºC B ZONE B D ZONE D F ZONE F H ZONE H Toowoomba Wet summers, drier winters 955mm 32ºC –1ºC Townsville Wet summers, very dry winters 1195mm 33ºC 9ºC

– 8 – – 9 – in northern New South Wales, I have been fortunate in experiencing the rigours of a harsh cold climate and the joys of growing plants in the subtropics. This book is a compilation of first-hand experiences and observations as well as data Preface to the obtained by visiting gardens in most of Australia’s major centres. Also, the experience of observing and collecting plants in their natural habitat in most major floristic areas of this great continent has helped me to appreciate the cultivation requirements Sixth Edition of so many native plants. The book considers and describes most species of native plants that have been Over the years there have been many changes in our knowledge and attitudes towards brought into cultivation. Others that can be treated like those species have been given native plants. Positive attitudes towards conservation have become more entrenched brief mention only. In the case of large genera such as Acacia and Eucalyptus, selections and much effort has been made to conserve and cultivate rare and threatened native only have been made because of space consideration. If your favourite species is not here, plants, in particular by botanic gardens and dedicated members of the Australian Plants then I apologise. Society. Those species with particular horticultural appeal have been included in this I am greatly indebted to Murray Fagg, who agreed to illustrate the first edition and edition and their conservation status noted. as a good friend and colleague has continued with this work in this and a number With more than 200 000 copies of Australian Native Plants sold since the first edition of other joint publications. His fine drawings and colour photographs add meaning was published in 1979, it is encouraging to know that the book has been accepted into and life to many of the more unusual species rarely illustrated elsewhere. His links so many homes and libraries. with the Australian National Herbarium in Canberra have been valuable in resolving In the past 32 years hundreds of new plants have been introduced to cultivation. taxonomic problems. Many new species and cultivars have featured in each edition. I hope that this book will enable many more native plants to be grown in gardens This edition is no exception, with many new plants, particularly some fine cultivars, and parks, that many of the misconceptions about the cultivation of natives will be added and a significant increase in the number of colour photographs. The classification banished, that it will provide students of horticulture and researchers with sufficient of plants has undergone great change in the last few years with new tools available to information to form the basis of further experimental work, and that, in turn, it will plant taxonomists allowing names to reflect the evolution of plant species. Countless enable more native plants to be grown more effectively. name changes have been made in order to keep up with this latest research. While this is frustrating to growers, we have gone to some lengths to explain the reasons for the J. W. Wrigley, Coffs Harbour 2012 changes in the following section, ‘How to Use this Book’. We have continued the use of planting zone codes which were introduced in the fifth edition. These are colour-coded and feature in every plant entry of the book, tying in with those shown on the map on page 9. These planting-zone codes assist gardeners to choose the right plant for the right place, thereby preventing many disappointments. For example, Western Australia and much of southern Australia experience a winter rainfall, whereas the east coast and the tropics have their rain in summer producing high humidity. Summer rainfall allows many fungus diseases to thrive and plants from winter rainfall districts will often fall victim to these problems. Technical terms have been avoided where the meaning can be expressed clearly in lay terms. Where technical terms are used, they are explained in the Glossary on page 673. Scientific names for plants are used throughout but common names are used where they genuinely reflect common usage. With 15 years as Curator of the Australian National Botanic Gardens in Canberra and more than 30 years working as a consultant and native plant grower near Coffs Harbour

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Distribution Standard State abbreviations are used to indicate a species’ natural occurrence in that State, together with PNG for Papua New Guinea, and NZ for New Zealand. Other How to localities are spelt out in full. Symbols Use this Book The symbols at the end of each description identify some of the important features of the plant. A key to the symbols is shown on page 8 and on the front jacket flap for quick reference. With continued use of the book, the reader will become familiar with these You can use this book to help you plan your garden and select suitable native plants for easily recognisable symbols: a bird for bird-attracting plants, a vase of flowers for species your area. Chapters l–8 provide basic information on selecting, propagating and caring suitable as cut flowers, etc. for native plants. The remaining chapters form the bulk of the book and comprise more than 3500 plant entries in all. Plant Names While this book is not written as an identification guide, when used in association Scientific names for plants are used throughout but we have included some common with full botanical keys in more technical State and National Floras and the growing names as many growers are reluctant to accept scientific names in normal conversation. number of interactive CDs and online keys, the descriptions, colour plates and drawings This is not best practice as the use of common names can lead to confusion. We have, will assist the reader to affirm an identification. of course, avoided making up common names where none exist. To assist people in keeping up with scientific name changes, we have included recent Descriptions earlier names as synonyms, abbrieviated as ‘Syn.’ following the plant’s scientific name. Each entry provides a description of the plant as well as details about how to propagate The abbreviation for subspecies may be either subsp. or ssp. We have chosen to use and cultivate it, the family to which it belongs and its natural distribution. The size ssp. in order to save space. The abbreviation sp. (species singular) is also used throughout given in plant descriptions is only a guide as these vary with location, culture and soil this book, as is spp. (species plural). For example, Banksia spp. refers to a number of type. It is worth noting that sizes quoted on nursery labels frequently underestimate the Banksia species. ultimate size of trees and shrubs. Plants that have been bred for cultivation, often by hybridising, or by selecting unusual wild forms, are called ‘cultivars’. These plants are given a distinctly different sort of Horticultural groupings name, in a non-Latin form, enclosed within single quote-marks, following the genus Plant entries are organised under chapter headings such as Ground Covers, Rockery and possibly the species. For example: Grevillea ‘Robyn Gordon’ or Callistemon pallidus Plants and Shrubs but, because many plants vary over their range, some forms listed ‘Candle Glow’. We have indicated in the text when these names have been registered under Rockery Plants, for example, could be used as ground covers and even grow into with the Australian Cultivar Registration Authority (ACRA). shrubs. So if you have a plant name, either common or scientific, but are uncertain In each chapter, the first entry for a genus also shows the plant family to which it about its form, it is always best to look it up in the Index. belongs. Where the family has changed in recent years, the older more familiar family is given in brackets. Map and zones The map of Australia on page 9 is divided into different planting zones based on Genus and family name changes temperature range, rainfall and the time of the year when rain may be expected. Readers familiar with Australian plants and earlier editions of this book will notice Appropriate zones are given with each plant entry, just beneath the name, thereby many plant name changes and familiar plants placed in different families. Some indicating where certain species should grow best. The zones are not exclusive and well-known genera such as Dryandra have disappeared, as have iconic Australian species may also thrive in other districts where appropriate conditions exist because of families such as Epacridaceae. favourable microclimates or aspects. There have always been name changes in botany, but to many people the current rate

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One technique—known as ‘cladistics’—produces what looks like a ‘family tree’, grouping organisms together by the proportion of characters they have in common. Branches on this tree trace back to their common ancestor. Taking the Banksia-Dryandra situation as an example, the first illustration (left) shows our old concept for the relationship between Banksia and Dryandra, with each ‘twig’ on the family tree representing a species. The second illustration (left, below) shows our new understanding of the relationship between Banksia and Dryandra based on scientific analysis Ancestral Dryandra of their characters. If our genus name is to be based on Ancestral the concept of all plants in the genus Banksia having a single common ancestor, then the dryandras can either become Banksia heliantha, previously known as Dryandra quercifolia. When transferred to the genus Banksia in 2007 this plant part of a broader Banksia genus, or the old Banksia genus must be split up into several could not retain it’s species name because there was already a plant named Banksia quercifolia. Most other dryandras kept their species name when transferred to Banksia. different genera each reflecting a level of unique ancestory equivalent to Dryandra. This is where we still rely on the judgement of a botanist, and not all botanists will of change is overwhelming. But like any branch of science, new knowledge results in new make the same judgement. What is not really in dispute is that the old concept is not concepts, and we must always keep in mind that the classification of plants into families, valid. genera and species are just concepts to help us cope with the diversity of nature. In the case of Banksia-Dryandra, the botanists decided to ‘sink’ Dryandra into a Traditionally botanists based their classification on the features they could see for each broader concept of Banksia. plant, and relied on their broad knowledge to decide which features were important in But a similar situation arose earlier with the eucalypts. Here we had the option of making that judgement. This was not a field of science that could readily be tested by sinking Angophora into a broader concept of Eucalyptus, or accepting three genera, numbers and statistics. Angophora, Corymbia and Eucalyptus. Most botanists chose the latter option. In recent years new methods have been developed to analyse the wealth of different Taking this concept to the broader level of defining a family, the same arguments apply. characters that make one plant different to another, decide which are the more important, Our familiar family Epacridaceae was found to be nested within the much more diverse and apply statistics to the decision-making process. This has been made possible by the family Ericaceae, which includes the Scottish heather and the tropical rhododendrons. If power of computers to analyse large amounts of data, and by the extra ‘characters’ we we recognised Epacridaceae as being a distinct family with a single common ancestor, can now find from the plant’s DNA. then the Ericaceae would have had to be broken up into many families equivalent in These tools also allow us to make our classification reflect evolution—the most status to Epacridaceae. important aspect of this is the idea that all the plants classified into one taxonomic Since most botanists in the world have accepted the previous broad definition group, a genus for example, should have evolved from one common ancestor. of Ericaceae, the Australian epacrids are now included in this family.

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Different botanists may still gain (perhaps undeserved) reputations as ‘splitters’ or Some major name changes in this edition: ‘lumpers’, but new data analysis tools like cladistics give them more concrete evidence on which to make those decisions. Families Having decided on the level of classification, a set of rules, the International Code of • Plants once in the familiar milk-weed family Asclepiadaceae, are now in Apocynaceae. Botanical Nomenclature guides botanists in applying names to those units of • Plants like baobabs, once in the family Bombacaceae, and their relatives in classification. Application and interpretation of these rules can also result in name Sterculiaceae, are now grouped together in Malvaceae. changes and debates. This was the case with the dispute over whether the name Acacia • The cassia-like plants once in Caesalpiniaceae, and the wattle-like plants once in or Racosperma should be used for the Australian wattles, debated over two International Mimosaceae are grouped with the pea-flowers in Fabaceae. Botanical Congresses, in Vienna in 2005 and Melbourne in 2011. The name Acacia was • Plants once in the unique Australian family Epacridaceae are now in the world-wide eventually retained for the majority of the Australian species. family Ericaceae. • Many plants once in the ‘catch-all’ family Euphorbiaceae have been assigned to Australian Plant Census different families. Given that the final decisions, even when we have analytical tools and rules, come down • Plants once in another ‘catch-all’ family, Scrophulariaceae, have been assigned to a to human judgement, how do we decide which judgement to accept? range of different families. Australia is fortunate in one respect in having a reasonably small number of major • Another familiar Australian family, Myoporaceae, has gone, now being included in research herbaria, (only nine), with a good level of cooperation between them. We also Scrophulariaceae. have, by world standards, a very good Australian Plant Name Index (APNI) documenting • The problematic lily-like plants have been reallocated to a new range of families. every name ever applied to the Australian flora. Visit www.anbg.gov.au/apni Since 2005 representatives from the Commonwealth and State herbaria have been Genera working through the 175,000 names applied to the Australian flora, one by one, • The eucalypts are placed in three genera, Angophora, Corymbia and Eucalyptus. considering whether each is a ‘current’ name by today’s standards. This is a consensus • The lilly-pillies, formerly in the genera Eugenia, Acmena, Acmenosperma, Anetholea, process, aimed at reaching a practical decision while still allowing individual botanists Cleistocalyx and Waterhousea are now included in the one genus Syzygium. to debate or challenge the science and acknowledging that with more research will come • In 1997 many species of Baeckea were transferred to the genus Babingtonia, however more changes. These deliberations form the basis of the Australian Plant Census (APC). in 2007 after molecular examination of the group, it was resolved that some Visit www.chah.gov.au/apc Babingtonia would be further split into the genera Triplarina, Sannantha, Kardomia In some cases the decisions have been quite conservative, agreeing at this stage, for and Harmogia. example, to retain the iconic genus Callistemon while most research suggests it is nested • Many species of the popular Western Australian genus Agonis have been transferred to within the broader genus Melaleuca (four Australian herbaria are adopting this change). the new genera Taxandria and Paragonis. Similarly the iconic Australian family Chenopodiaceae is retained while some world • The genus Dryandra has gone, being incorporated into a broader concept of Banksia. researchers have incorporated it within the broader family Amaranthaceae. By the end of • Parahebe and Derwentia are now included in the genus Veronica which has been the first review of all the APNI names in 2012 the Australian Plant Census included transferred to the family Plantaginaceae. about 25,000 species, most with many synonyms. This number includes both native and • Many other genera will now be found in unfamiliar families, for example the naturalised species, hybrids, and known species that have not yet been formally genus Clerodendrum, has been moved from Verbenaceae to be part of the mint described. If subspecies, varieties etc are included, this number increases to about 36,000 family Lamiaceae. taxa. Unfortunately, when this book went to press, APC had not finalised the review of one family, Orchidaceae, as there were still unresolved plant name problems With the exception of Orchidaceae, this edition of Australian Native Plants has followed the names and families accepted in the Australian Plant Census in 2012. Familiar names and families used in the recent past have been listed as synonyms.

– 1 6 – – 1 7 – W h y N a t i v e P l a n t s ? CHAPTER 1 • Australian National Botanic Gardens, The larger general nursery companies are Canberra, ACT. slowly extending their range of native plants, but • Mt Annan Botanic Garden, (now The it is a slow process and it is likely the specialist Australian Botanic Garden) near native plant nursery will always be with us. Campbelltown, NSW. Robert Brown, the famous Scottish botanist of • Stony Range Flora Reserve, Dee Why, the early nineteenth century, wrote of the Why Native Plants? Sydney, NSW. Australian vegetation: ‘There is an endless • Burrendong Arboretum, near Wellington, variety of genera and species of shrub but the NSW. general impression is dismal.’* We have come a • Waite Agricultural Research Institute long way in the years since Robert Brown Since the end of the 1950s the popularity of Australian native plants has steadily Arboretum of the University of Adelaide, SA, examined our flora for the first time. Australians which has tree plantings dating from 1928. have grown to appreciate their flora for its beauty, increased, and in recent years has accelerated to a boom. There are, perhaps, many • Olive Pink Botanic Garden, Alice Springs, NT. its colour and its uniqueness of form. reasons and combinations of circumstances which have brought this about. • The North Coast Regional Botanic Garden, Let us ensure that the whole world becomes All over the world, people are becoming more aware of their natural heritage. Thinking Coffs Harbour, NSW. familiar with this flora, which in future years will • Myall Park Botanic Garden, Glenmorgan, Qld. give Australia an important place in world people in most countries, Eastern and Western, have realised the dangers that population • Emerald Botanic Gardens, Emerald, Qld. horticulture. pressures have placed on the environment. As a result, national parks organisations and • Sunraysia Oasis Botanic Gardens, Buronga, *R. Brown. In Voyage to Terra Australis, 1801–1803, similar bodies have increased their memberships dramatically, and have become NSW, near Mildura, Vic. Matthew Flinders, London, 1814. • Tamworth Botanic Gardens, Tamworth, significant pressure groups in persuading governments to pay heed to the need to NSW. conserve fast-diminishing natural resources. • Australian Arid Lands Botanic Gardens, Port In Support of This interest in one’s surroundings, coupled with the ease with which one may move Augusta, SA. • Desert Park Botanic Gardens, Alice Springs, Native Plants around the countryside, has made Australians more aware of the diverse range of plants N T. and animals that can be seen, often not far from their own back door. Australian horticulture grew up with a strong Awareness led to experimentation with growing native plants, many species of which As these gardens became well known, so background of European influence. The early public demand for supplies of native plants settlers brought with them the plants with which had never previously been brought into cultivation. Native plants had built up a gradually grew. Pioneering nurserymen, such as they were familiar, and the native plants were reputation for being difficult to grow, perhaps due to early attempts at transplanting the late George Althofer, of Nindethana Nursery, strange and did nothing to relieve them of their plants from the bush. Dripstone, NSW, the late Percy and Olive Parry homesickness. Only the early botanists realised of Floralands, Gosford, NSW, and Boddy’s their uniqueness, and records show that in the I can remember that when I was a child my father, an experienced gardener with Eastern Park Nursery, Victoria, were joined by latter part of the nineteenth century there were exotic plants, attempted to transplant native plants from the Sydney sandstone, with others specialising in native plants. Of this hundreds of Australian species in cultivation in almost total failure. younger brigade, Rodger Elliot, in establishing England. In the new country, native species were Austraflora Nursery in the Dandenongs, Victoria, cleared and burnt to make way for crops, cattle played a major role in making a great variety of and buildings, while many European species became forums where people with some skills in natives available to the public. In Queensland the thrived and were persisted with. The Rise to growing native plants could share their knowledge wonderful variety of rainforest plants has been It is apparent now, however, that natives with others. popularised, first by Alex and Barbara Hansa of often have a number of advantages over these Popularity Another important development, which made Fairhill Nurseries, Yandina, and by Ann and old favourites. It should be pointed out most people mindful of the fact that native plants did Peter Radke of Yuruga Nursery, Walkamin, who emphatically at this stage that I am not a purist Experimentation, and the developing questioning have horticultural potential, was the establishment have brought many new species into the market. and do not advocate an entirely native landscape. attitudes of interested gardeners, led to the of public gardens in several major cities. Not only are native species being brought into There are obvious advantages in using the qualities formation of the Society for Growing Australian Of particular note are: cultivation, but breeders are hybridising these so well proven in many exotic species. This will Plants in Melbourne in the mid-1950s. This species to produce some stunning cultivars which be discussed in more detail in a later chapter. society, now generally known as the Australian • King’s Park and Botanic Garden, Perth, WA, accentuate those traits that gardeners find So that a balanced judgement may be made, Plants Society, blossomed and spread to all which concentrates on growing the flora of attractive. Pioneers in this field include Dave it is necessary to outline the attributes of States, and is presently the largest horticultural Western Australia. Gordon with his early Grevillea hybrids, Ramm native species. society in Australia. • Maranoa Gardens, managed by the Council Botanicals who have produced an enormous Plants evolve in their environment. Natural It played a most important role in popularising of the City of Camberwell, Melbourne, Vic. range of Kangaroo Paw hybrids and more recently selection ensures that a plant is adapted to suit native plants as garden subjects and its journal, • Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, Ku-ring-gai Peter Ollerenshaw with a range of that environment. Thus, the use of a local species Australian Plants, as well as its State newsletters Municipal Council, St Ives, Sydney, NSW. Leptospermum, Grevillea and Correa hybrids. promises a plant well suited to the conditions it

– 1 8 – – 1 9 – A u s t r a l i a n N a t i v e P l a n t s CHAPTER 2 will experience. Also, with the growing and Significant progress has been made with the commendable tendency to retain as much of the North Coast Regional Botanic Garden at Coffs local vegetation as possible when developing an Harbour, NSW, and the regional arid botanic urban landscape, it is usually found that native gardens near Mildura and Port Augusta, SA. Collection of trees and shrubs offer a more sympathetic A new botanic garden at Tamworth on the north- addition than the more contrasting exotics. west slopes of New South Wales caters for rare It has been argued that natives are more drought and endangered plants of the region and the Material resistant than exotics and this is obviously a point northern tablelands. Emerald in central in their favour. Care should be taken, however, as Queensland has established an excellent botanic the argument is false if one generalises. If drought garden displaying the different vegetation types resistance is the property required, through known in the region. There are many other ‘Where can I obtain a certain species of plant?’ This is the question most frequently correct selection appropriate native plant species examples. Local councils and private residents can be chosen for the purpose. should support these projects and encourage asked at the Australian National Botanic Gardens’ inquiry desk. ‘A monotony of dull greens and small-leaved their establishment in other areas. General nurseries throughout Australia are slowly increasing their stocks of native shrubs’ has been a criticism levelled at the A garden with a large number of Australian plants. Specialist nurseries, however, are still the major suppliers and these are located Australian bush by many a European visitor. plants attracts native birds. Many people would It could be argued that at least it is dull green consider this reason enough on its own to grow in most capital cities and large centres. Their advertisements may be found in gardening throughout the year and not without leaves for natives. The Nursery and Garden Industry of periodicals and particularly in the journal Australian Plants. half of it, as are the deciduous forests of the Australia has introduced the promotional For those content to buy their plants, the remainder of this chapter will be of little Northern Hemisphere, but no doubt one’s programme ‘Flora for Fauna’, under which plants personal opinion is coloured by fond memories are labelled as bird or butterfly attracting, to interest. There is, however, an exciting field of endeavour open to those who are prepared of childhood and the environment in which encourage suitable plantings. to put in a little effort and collect material to propagate their own plants. one has grown up. For birds to be retained in a garden, food, Field collection can be a fascinating and entertaining experience for all the family. It should be pointed out, though, that all is shelter and suitable nesting sites must be not ‘dull green and small-leaved’ and in private provided. Food, in the form of nectar produced by It can take one to new parts of the country and can be incorporated with camping trips gardens or urban landscapes an opportunity exists flowering shrubs and trees, is a natural by-product and picnics. Many of the author’s most interesting collections have been made during to use a wide range of colours and textures. of the native garden, and many shrubs and trees family outings and holidays. There are the silvery greys of wattles and produce fruits and seeds which also attract birds. saltbushes, the bright, shiny greens of rainforest Careful plant selection will provide suitable trees, the reddish new growth or winter colour flowers for birds for most of the year. Plants with of many Myrtaceae plants or Allocasuarina. these properties are designated accordingly in the The coarse texture of large-leaved Banksia species descriptions, but in general terms the species can add variety. genera Grevillea, Banksia, Callistemon, Correa, The many overseas tourists who now visit Eucalyptus, Corymbia, Melaleuca, and various Australia rightfully expect to see Australiana, and Syzygium species, are worthy of consideration I believe there is a moral obligation for councils as bird attractors. and governments to ensure that a significant People may have many reasons for growing proportion of well-selected native plants is used native plants. They may like to have a garden in street plantings and parks. that is easy to maintain and that attracts birds, Some species of native plants are threatened they may have an interest in conservation, or with extinction for one reason or another. These they may simply be seeking a challenge to their species usually occur in a very restricted area. horticultural skills. Whatever the reasons, they Some are known from road verges only. Others will obtain enjoyment, relaxation and satisfaction. are found only on privately owned land. The It is hoped the following pages will provide precarious future of such species should be of ideas and information that make the cultivation concern and efforts should be made to bring of native plants more enjoyable and satisfying. them into cultivation, where at least their continued existence will be secure even if their environment is destroyed. This is obviously a function of botanic gardens, and the establishment of regional botanic gardens in various climatic and soil-type areas throughout Australia should improve this situation.

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Lechenaultia linarioides flowers are beautifully displayed Globular flower heads are greenish to lanceolate leaves to 1.5cm. Y ellow Lechenaultia around perimeter of plant. yellow and about 1cm diameter Small, profuse, white or pale pink A G Distribution: WA. (see photo page 87). Distribution: bell-like flowers to 5mm long in Dense, tangled shrub to 1m high Propagation From cuttings. Vic, SA, WA. spring. Distribution: Qld, NSW, by 1m across, often suckering. Cultivation This species has Propagation From cuttings, ACT, Vic, Tas, SA. Linear leaves are 8–12mm long. flourished in Sydney on deep without mist. Propagation From cuttings, with Flowers are creamy yellow and sand for periods of up to two Cultivation Grows in most soil difficulty. red, borne in masses in spring. years. Outstanding plant, but types in full sun. Good foliage Cultivation Not often seen in Distribution: WA. very difficult to maintain. PS contrast. Regular pruning ensures cultivation. Flowers for a long Propagation From cuttings. tight, rounded habit. Resistant to period. Prefers good drainage and Cultivation Difficult to Lechenaultia superba salt spray. HLSW some shade. HF maintain. Barrens Lechenaultia A G Lobelia membranacea Lechenaultia longiloba Erect plant to 70cm high. The Campanulaceae (Lobeliaceae) A G fleshy, linear leaves are 1–2cm A B D E Semi-prostrate, suckering plant, long. The orange-red flowers are Dainty prostrate plant spreading occasionally reaching 30cm seen in spring. Distribution: WA. to 50cm across. Tiny ovate leaves high. Fleshy linear leaves are Propagation From cuttings. Linum marginale to 5mm long. Bears pale blue mainly 1–2cm long. Dull red and Cultivation Difficult to flowers for much of the year. yellowish flowers to 3.5cm long maintain. H Lechenaultia tubiflora bluish. Bears open bright blue are seen in late winter and spring. flowers, 1.5–2cm diameter, on Distribution: WA. Lechenaultia tubiflora Propagation From cuttings. branching stems. Distribution: Propagation From cuttings. A G Cultivation Not as difficult temperate Australia. Cultivation As for genus. Prostrate mat plant or compact as others to maintain but three Propagation From seed. sub-shrub to 30cm high. years seems the maximum life. 1cm Cultivation Hardy; thrives in Lechenaultia macrantha Crowded, linear leaves are about HS most soils in full sun or part Wreath Lechenaultia 1cm long. Tubular flowers are shade. Suspected of being toxic Libertia paniculata A G borne terminally and held erect. Leptorhynchos squamatus to stock. H Prostrate plant forming neat Flowers may be cream, pink, Asteraceae circles 30cm across. Linear red or bicoloured. They are Scaly Buttons Libertia paniculata Lissanthe strigosa succulent leaves are 2.5–4.5cm seen in spring and summer. A B C G H Iridaceae Ericaceae (Epacridaceae) long. Large cream and red Distribution: WA. Spreading, semi-prostrate plant to A B C D G Peach Heath 40cm across. Oblong to narrow- Tufted perennial with grass-like A B C D oblanceolate leaves are up to 3cm leaves to 50cm long. Bears white Rounded shrub to 50cm high long. Small, yellow, button-like flowers, 25mm diameter, on by 50cm across. Prickly, linear flower heads on long slender slender, branching stems to 40cm stalks appear in spring and in spring. Distribution: Vic, summer. Distribution: SA, NSW, Qld. Lobelia membranacea Vic, NSW, ACT, Tas. Propagation By division or seed. Propagation From seed, cuttings, Cultivation Grows in most soils or by division. but prefers some shade and ample Distribution: Qld. Cultivation Needs sunny position moisture. L. pulchella has shorter Propagation From cuttings or and grows in most soils. H leaves to 18cm but the flower by division. stem exceeds the leaves and is Cultivation Enjoys damp Leucophyta brownii well displayed. FH conditions.Will seed itself in the (Syn. Calocephalus brownii) garden and may become invasive. Asteraceae Linum marginale Frost hardy. EHZ Cushion Bush Linaceae A B C D G Native Flax Lobelia quadrangularis Compact, rounded silvery grey A B C H B D E F shrub to 1m high by 1m across. Erect, slender plant to 60cm. Prostrate plant spreading to 80cm Tiny, grey, scale-like leaves Linear to narrow-elliptical leaves and rooting as it spreads. Tiny Lechenaultia macrantha growing near Mullewa, WA are pressed against the stems. are 5–20mm long and often Lissanthe strigosa round leaves are up to 1.5cm

— 1 7 6 — — 1 7 7 — R o c k e r y P l a n t s M a c r o p i d i a long. Blue flowers are borne Tufted plant with crowded, bright Lotus australis prolifically in winter and spring. green, linear leaves, 8–70cm Fabaceae Distribution: WA, NT, Qld. long. Flowers are often hidden in Australian Trefoil Propagation By division or the foliage. Five subspecies are A B C D H cuttings. recognised. Distribution: NSW, Rounded shrub, 50cm diameter, Cultivation Requires damp spot, Qld, Vic. with trifoliolate leaves. The preferably with a little shade. Very Propagation From seed. mostly linear leaflets are 1–3cm floriferous. May be suitable for Cultivation Shorter leaf forms long. Pea-flowers normally an basket culture. ESZ make handsome little foliage unusual pale pink. Distribution: plants. A number of cultivars temperate Australia. Lobelia trigonocaulis are available in nurseries. Propagation From scarified seed. B D E L. c. ‘Little Con’ is a dwarf Cultivation Needs full sun and Trailing plant with weak stems to form with fine leaves to 30cm. reasonable drainage. Often short- 50cm long. Heart-shaped leaves, L. c. ssp. rubiginosa is taller the lived in cultivation, 3–4 years 1–4cm long, are borne on long leaves reaching up to 50cm, being usual life span. Resistant petioles. Blue or rarely white several others are available to salt spray. HW flowers with prominent 3-lobed including ‘Seascape’, ‘Frosty lip on erect stems to 10cm. Tips’, ‘Silver Grace’ and Distribution: Qld, NSW. Lomandra banksii ‘Crackerjack’. Another dwarf Propagation By division. cultivar of L. c. ssp. pallida Cultivation Lovely plant Lomandra banksii is sold as ‘Little Pal’. All are for heavy shade or as basket D E very hardy. Lomandra leucocephala ssp. robusta specimen. Needs plenty Strange branching plant to 1m HL of water. ESZ with narrow strap-like leaves to Lomandra leucocephala Lomandra obliqua 30cm spreading from ascending Lomandra hystrix ssp. robusta B D branches. Leaf bases are retained A B D E F G C H Tiny plant with trailing stems on old growth. Flowers are cream; Large tufted plant with arching, Tufted plant with narrow grass- to 40cm. Short, twisted leaves, not showy. Distribution: Qld. bright green leaves to 1.3m like leaves to 50cm. Tight clusters 2–4cm long, are arranged in Propagation From seed. long. Branching flower spikes of woolly white flowers, to 6cm two rows on opposite sides of Cultivation Needs well-drained are usually slightly shorter. long, surround stem at irregular stems. Flowers are insignificant. soil and full sun. FLZ The primary branches of the intervals. Flowers mostly in Distribution: NSW, Qld. flower are mainly in fours, winter and spring. Distribution: Propagation From seed. Lomandra confertifolia a conspicuous difference from all mainland States. Cultivation Needs well-drained, Macropidia fuliginosa A B C D G L. longifolia with which it is Propagation From seed. shaded position. Charming 1cm often confused. Flowers are seen Cultivation Prefers reasonable foliage plant; will trail over rocks. in early summer. Distribution: drainage and full sun. HQ FHL Macropidia fuliginosa Lobelia trigonocaulis Qld, NSW. (Syn. Anigozanthos fuliginosa) Propagation From seed. Lomandra longifolia Lomandra purpurea Haemodoraceae Cultivation Hardy; should be A B C D H Purple Mat Rush Black Kangaroo Paw Lomandra used more frequently. Foliage is Variable species forming tussocks A G A G H Asparagaceae attractive. Excellent soil binder 30–70cm high. Narrow strap-like Tussock-forming plant with Iris-like grey-green leaves to Mat Rushes for creek banks, accepting some leaves are relatively stiff. Bears narrow dark green leaves to 50cm long. Branched flower Until recently, this genus inundation. May be grown in crowded, spiny flower spikes held 60cm. The dark purple flowers spike to 80cm long with yellow- has been largely ignored in heavy shade or full sun but on flattened stems. On warm are borne in well-spaced whorls green tubular flowers to 6cm cultivation, but the 50 species requires ample moisture. Leaves summer days flowers are strongly on a stem to 1m high in spring. long. Flowers and stems are are hardy and most attractive. will arch over rocks or hide perfumed. Distribution: SA, Tas, Distribution: WA. covered with dense jet black Most can be grown readily from ugly concrete edges of water Vic, NSW, ACT, Qld. Propagation From seed or hairs. Petals are deeply divided seed. Only a few have so far been features. Makes good indoor Propagation From seed. by division. and reflexed back on floral tube. cultivated, but many others are specimen. It is sometimes Cultivation Grows in almost Cultivation Requires well- Distribution: WA. worthy of trial. Male and female sold as L. longifolia but any soil and aspect. Hardy; often drained position in full sun Propagation Tissue culture is the flowers are borne on separate does not accept conditions used in median strips. A cultivar or part shade. Flowers are an most reliable method. plants and lend interest to as dry as that species does. L. l. ‘Tanika’ has very fine leaves. unusual colour for the genus. Cultivation Grows and flowers floral arrangements. Lomandra confertifolia EFGHLSZ EFGHLZ H well in well-drained soils in

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Sydney, Melbourne and Perth; in northern NSW. stem 1–2m high. Broadly ovate, 10cm needs sun for at least half the day. Propagation From seed. lobed leaves are up to 20cm long. Flower spikes damaged by frost. Cultivation Excellent specimen Flowers, 6cm diameter and borne Sold as a cut flower. OPQ or feature plant for a large garden. in clusters in leaf axils, appear in Tends to grow a little smaller spring and summer. Colour varies Macrozamia as container plant. Most soils from white to lilac. Distribution: Zamiaceae ♂ and a little shade recommended. all States. Burrawang LPZ Propagation From seed. The genus Macrozamia is part ♀ Cultivation Needs sunny, warm of the ancient group of plants Macrozamia communis. Macrozamia riedlei position; grows in most soils. known as cycads. Cycads Male and female cones are G H Useful background plant but must occur throughout the world on separate plants Large cycad with trunk reaching be replaced in 2–3 years. but Macrozamia is endemic to 2m. Pinnate fronds frequently Australia. All 41 species make 50–100 leaves in the crown. reach 2m and more on old Melaleuca incana ‘Velvet Cushion’ attractive rockery feature plants, Distribution: NSW. specimens. Distribution: WA. with their dark green palm-like Propagation From seed. Propagation From seed. Melaleuca incana become invasive. Leaves may be leaves up to 1–2m long arching Cultivation Good drainage Cultivation Needs good drainage ‘Velvet Cushion’ used as flavouring in drinks and outwards from a central trunk, essential. Some shade desirable. and full sun or part shade. Good (Syn. M. ‘Velvet Cushion’) cooking. EFH£¢ which in some species may be Scale insects may infest the leaves container plant. FHLPS Myrtaceae underground. They are slow and are easily controlled with A G Microseris lanceolata growing; very old specimens of white oil. Control of the larvae of Macrozamia spiralis Dwarf form of M. incana (refer Asteraceae some species with trunks 1–2m a beetle which severely damages A B C D page 424) making a compact Yam Daisy high can be seen in the field. All trunks, ultimately causing Trunkless species with leaves shrub to about 60cm high by A B C D G H respond to generous applications death, has proved difficult, to 1m long. Leaves are twisted 60cm across. Hairy grey leaves Perennial herb with tuberous roots of a general fertiliser. despite drenching with various spirally, with 2–12 leaves in the are borne on small, pendulous and slender, lanceolate radical Macrozamia spp. do not insecticides. Good container crown. Distribution: NSW. branches. Cream brushes are leaves, 4–30cm long. Bright yellow produce flowers, having plant. FHLPS Propagation From seed. not borne as prolifically as in flower heads, 3cm diameter, reproductive organs known as Cultivation Needs good drainage the taller forms. are held on stems 20–40cm, cones. Male and female cones Macrozamia fawcettii and full sun or part shade. Good Propagation Must be from rather like a large dandelion. are borne on separate plants and B D container plant. FHLPS cuttings. Distribution: temperate Australia. somewhat resemble pineapples in Small cycad with an underground Cultivation Does not perform Propagation From seed. shape and size. The female cones trunk. Dark green, pinnate, Malva preissiana well on the humid east coast; Cultivation Most situations are larger. The large seeds they slightly twisted leaves are about (Syn. Lavatera plebeia) probably more suited to winter suitable. The tuberous rootstock produced may be red or yellow 70cm long with up to 12 leaves Malvaceae rainfall areas. Good drainage was an important food for the when ripe, and germinate readily. rising from the crown. Cones are Australian Hollyhock Marsdenia suaveolens essential. A prostrate, more Aborigines. H£ Seeds have a high starch content borne on a short stalk with the A G H spreading form of M. incana is and were eaten by the Aborigines female cones up to 30cm long. Short-lived perennial with erect Marsdenia suaveolens also in cultivation. HL Microstrobos fitzgeraldii after being vigorously washed to Distribution: NSW. Apocynaceae Podocarpaceae remove toxic compounds known Propagation From seed. (Asclepiadaceae) Mentha laxiflora Dwarf Mountain Pine to cause violent vomiting. They Cultivation Hardy, easily grown. B D Lamiaceae B C are also toxic to stock, which has Accepts full sun but prefers part Variable plant; may be a weak Native Mint Rare conifer, forming rounded resulted in the genus’s ruthless shade for best growth. FLS trailer or semi-erect shrub, A B C D bush less than 60cm with destruction in Queensland. depending on degree of exposure Suckering plant with erect stems pendulous branchlets. Slightly Most species have been Macrozamia moorei to sun and wind. Opposite leaves, to 40cm. Lanceolate leaves are incurved, lanceolate grey-green cultivated but only a few of the B D H oblong to lanceolate, 2–7cm 4–5cm long. Highly aromatic leaves are about 3mm long. better known are mentioned here. Very large cycad with huge long, on short petioles. Umbels foliage. Flowers, mauve or more Distribution: Blue Mountains, trunk to 5m high. Pinnate leaves of small, scented, white or rarely rarely white, are borne in upper NSW. Macrozamia communis are up to 3m long with as many pink flowers, 4–5mm diameter, in leaf axils. Distribution: Qld, NSW, Propagation From cuttings. Burrawang as 150 leaves in the crown. summer. Distribution: NSW. ACT, Vic. Cultivation Needs well-shaded A B D Female cones are 50–90cm long. Propagation From cuttings. Propagation From cuttings or area with good drainage, but This species does not generally Distribution: confined to the Cultivation Tolerant of most by division. ample watering. Handsome develop a tall trunk. Pinnate Carnarvon Range area of Qld. soils but needs ample watering. Cultivation Heavy shade and container plant. FHLS leaves may be 1–2m long with The similar M. johnsonii occurs Malva preissiana FH ample moisture essential. May Conservation Status Endangered.

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leaves, less than 1cm long. Bears Prostrate mat-forming plant to small white flowers on long 40cm diameter with rounded slender pedicels in spring and leaves, very small, to 4mm long. summer. Distribution: Vic, Flowers are insignificant. Bears NSW, Qld, Tas. globular red fruits, 4mm diameter, Propagation From cuttings. on surface of mat. Distribution: Cultivation Needs good drainage NSW, Vic, Tas, and semi-shaded position. F SA, South America. Other perennial species in Propagation By division. cultivation are M. paludosa, Cultivation Not common in M. pilosa and M. serpyllifolia. cultivation in Australia. Often seen overseas in sheltered rockeries and as container plant. Prefers cool position in well-composted soil. Fruits are Minuria leptophylla a feature. Grows well at Coffs Murdannia graminea Harbour, NSW. HLSV Minuria leptophylla Mitrasacme A G H Loganiaceae Murdannia graminea Operculina brownii Small cushion-shaped plant, Some 50 or more species Commelinaceae Convolvulaceae Milligania densiflora 10cm high by 30–40cm across. are recognised in this genus, B D E F Potato Vine Linear leaves to 4cm long. Daisy- most occurring in Australia. Tufted plant with lax grass-like H Milligania densiflora like flowers, 2cm diameter, They are nearly all small, annual leaves up to 10cm long. Branched Annual or perennial twining Asteliaceae (Liliaceae) white to lilac blue, cover the or perennial herbaceous plants flower spike to 50cm. The plant or ground cover with A C plant for a large part of the year. with little horticultural value, 3-petalled mauve-purple flowers, heart-shaped leaves to 10cm. Tufted plant with thick, tapered Distribution: all mainland States. but may add some interest to 2cm diameter, are seen in spring White funnel-shaped flowers to leaves to 30cm long. Branching Propagation From cuttings, but a small rockery pocket because and summer. Distribution: WA, 6cm long. Almost round sepals, stems to 30cm of open white try seed when available. of their relatively long flowering NT, Qld, NSW. 3cm long in fruit, dry to form flowers to 2cm diameter occur Cultivation Prefers full sun period. The small four-petalled Propagation From seed or by a papery ‘flower’ with black in spring. Distribution: alpine and good drainage. Showy in flowers are usually white Molineria capitulata division of tuberous rootstock. pea-sized seeds in the centre. areas of Tas. flower. Also basket plant. but occasionally yellowish. Cultivation Likes sunny position Distribution: WA, NT, Qld, Propagation By division. M. cunninghamii is similar Propagation is by cuttings Molineria capitulata in most soils. NSW collections south-east Asia. Cultivation Needs some shade in and may be treated in the or seed for annual species. (Syn. M. recurvata, Curculigo recurvata) are frost hardy.(H) Z Propagation From scarified well-drained situation with ample same way. S Hypoxidaceae (Liliaceae) or boiled seed. moisture and well-composted soil. Mitrasacme polymorpha Weevil Lily Nertera granadensis Cultivation Not often seen in FHL Mirbelia rubiifolia A B D D E F (Syn. N. depressa) cultivation, this trailing plant has (Syn. M. reticulata) Dwarf, erect perennial herb, with Tufted, suckering perennial Rubiaceae an extended period of interest. In Minuria integerrima Fabaceae small, dull green, narrow-ovate with several entire, narrow spade- Bead Plant its dry natural habitat it behaves Asteraceae B D shaped, pleated leaves to 1.5m C as an annual; in frost-free areas A G H Straggly shrub less than 50cm long. Short flower spikes bearing its life may be lengthened if water Perennial plant with glabrous, high with branches occasionally variable number of yellow flowers, is available. The flowers and dry linear to oblanceolate leaves to spreading to 80cm. Whorls of 2cm diameter, emerge from calyces make it an ornamental. 5cm long on erect stems to 50cm small lanceolate leaves, to 3cm between leaf bases. Distribution: Sets ample seed for propagation. long. White daisy-like flowers, long, are sharply pointed with Qld, south-east Asia. Needs well-drained site in full sun. 1cm diameter, are well displayed reticulate veining. Small magenta Propagation From seed or by VZ in late winter and spring. pea-flowers appear in spring. division. Distribution: all mainland States. Distribution: Qld, NSW, Vic. Cultivation Likes shady Orthrosanthus laxus Propagation From cuttings, Propagation From scarified seed. position, soil rich in humus, Iridaceae using new growth as it emerges Cultivation Usually short lived in frost-free area. In these Morning Iris from rootstock. in cultivation. Needs well-drained conditions it will spread A G Cultivation Likes most soils; sandy soil, half shade, and vigorously. Foliage is main Iris-like plant with flat leaves to full sun. Cut back old growth mulch of sandstone chips. feature. Attractive indoor plant. 40cm long. Bears spikes of light Nertera granadensis after flowering. H F Mitrasacme polymorpha FLPSZ blue flowers, 3cm in diameter,

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Most species form clumps of Generally hairy in appearance. forms a rounded plant 40cm high than 30cm high, developing strap-like leaves about 30cm high. Leaves to 50cm. Flowers usually by 60cm across with soft pink a thickened tuber. Leaves are As most can be handled in deep violet. Two subspecies are flowers for an extended period ovate to narrow-ovate, 2–5cm the same way, exceptions recognised. Distribution: Qld, from spring to autumn. long. Bears magenta flowers held are mentioned under the NSW, Vic. Propagation From cuttings. on slender peduncles longer than relevant species. Propagation Propagation From seed. Cultivation Hardy plant which the leaves. Distribution: NSW, is easy from seed, which is Cultivation As for genus. H will grow in most soils and full Vic, SA. usually set in profusion. sun. Possessing a tuber, it may Propagation From seed. All require full sun to give Patersonia umbrosa be cut back after flowering to Cultivation Grows in well- maximum flowering performance var. umbrosa permit new shoots emerging in drained soil in sun or half shade. and most appreciate good A C G spring. HS May be useful as parent in drainage. Flowering is in spring Very erect plant to 50cm. hybridisation with exotic and summer. Distribution: WA. Pelargonium australe species. H Patersonia occidentalis Propagation From seed. A B C D G H Patersonia drummondii Cultivation Some shade Variable plants, most forming Pennisetum alopecuroides A G Patersonia occidentalis preferred. HF rounded bushes, 50cm diameter; The plant sold under this name Some hairs at base of twisted (Syn. P. longiscapa) some are shorter and more has been grown for many years leaves. Distribution: WA. A B C D G spreading. Ovate to round leaves despite its potential to become Propagation From seed. Flat leaves, 18–40cm long, with 5–7 lobes; length 2–9cm. a pest by its prolific seeding. Cultivation As for genus. H and flower stem to 80cm high. Flowers are borne in umbels of Close examination by Distribution: WA, SA, Vic, Tas. 4–12 blooms, each about 1.5cm taxonomists has now determined Patersonia fragilis Propagation From seed. diameter. Colour varies from that it is an introduced species (Syn. P. glauca) Cultivation Good drainage almost white with purple veining and should be known as Orthrosanthus laxus A B C D particularly important. Mass to mauve. Distribution: temperate Cenchrus purpurascens. on stems a little longer than Leaves, 20–60cm long, almost plantings used successfully at Australia. leaves. Many spikes are produced terete with pointed tips. the Australian National Botanic Propagation From cuttings or Pentachondra pumila simultaneously. Distribution: WA. Distribution: Qld, NSW, Gardens. H seed. When selecting wild clones, Ericaceae (Epacridaceae) Propagation From seed; flowers Vic, SA, Tas. look for good colour and number A C in first year. Propagation From seed. Patersonia pygmaea of flowers. Prostrate mat plant to 1m across, Cultivation Needs sunny, Cultivation More tolerant A G Cultivation Likes most soils, clinging to rocks and open well-drained position. Could be of poorly drained soils than This species rarely exceeds full sun. H ground. Elliptical leaves to 6mm used as annual bedding plant. most other species. EH 15cm. Flowers generally violet long. Small white bearded flowers O. multiflorus and O. polystachyus but many paler clones are found. Patersonia umbrosa Pelargonium rodneyanum and bright red berry-like fruits are also in limited cultivation. H Patersonia glabrata Distribution: WA. var. xanthina A B C D G H seen simultaneously over spring A B C D Propagation From seed. Australia’s most beautiful and summer. Distribution: alpine Patersonia Linear leaves to 30cm long. Cultivation As for genus. H Patersonia umbrosa Pelargonium. Stemless plant less Iridaceae Flowers slightly paler than most. var. xanthina Native Iris Distribution: Qld, NSW, Vic. Patersonia sericea (Syn. P. xanthina) About 17 species of Patersonia Propagation From seed. A B C D G A C G occur in Australia and several Cultivation As for genus. H The only yellow Patersonia. Form others enter south-east Asia. similar to P. u. var. umbrosa. They are known collectively as Patersonia juncea Distribution: WA. Native Iris. Except for P. umbrosa Rush-leaved Patersonia Propagation From seed. var. xanthina, which has yellow A G Cultivation Some shade flowers, all have flowers of violet Densely tufted plant with linear preferred. HF hue. Each flower only lasts leaves to 22cm long. Flowering a few hours but a succession of stem to 20cm with pale violet Pelargonium ‘Applause’ flowers, produced on stems about flowers about 4.5cm diameter. Geraniaceae 40cm high, ensures a worthwhile Distribution: WA. A B C D G H display. Many flowering stems Propagation From seed. This hybrid between P. australe are produced by each plant and Cultivation Good drainage and P. rodneyanum is a new in the field all plants in the one important. Hardy in temperate release that displays the best area flower on the same day. areas. H Patersonia sericea characters of each species. It Pelargonium rodneyanum Pentachondra pumila

— 1 8 4 — — 1 8 5 — R o c k e r y P l a n t s P o d o l e p i s areas of NSW, Vic, Tas. flowers about 1.5cm diameter are hairy flower heads are about Large, velvety, grey, ovate leaves with pointed tip. Straw-coloured Propagation From cuttings, but seen in summer. Distribution: 3cm diameter and seen in are slightly aromatic. Flowers are flowers are borne in panicles subsequent growth is slow. alpine areas of NSW, Vic. spring. Distribution: NSW, blue and seen in summer and about 30cm long on stems about Cultivation Plant in small Propagation From cuttings. Vic, Tas, SA. autumn. Distribution: Qld, NSW. the same length as the leaves. rockery pocket with peaty soil Cultivation Dainty little Propagation From cuttings. Propagation From cuttings. Distribution: NSW, Vic, SA, Tas, where watering can be carefully plant, not easily maintained. Cultivation Useful for temperate Cultivation Only suitable for Lord Howe Island. controlled. Never allow to dry Requires peaty but well-drained regions. Good drainage essential, large rockery. Any situation in Propagation By division or seed. out. Needs full sun or half shade. soil in full sun. Best suited to in full or part sun. H frost-free area, but prefers shade. Cultivation Hardy; often used Good container plant. HS cooler climates. May be best as 1cm Prune regularly to maintain good for revegetation of sand dunes. container plant. HLS Pimelea treyvaudii shape. Possible value as container Attractive in rockeries as flowers A B C Platytheca galioides plant. EFLS¢ appear over most of the year. Pimelea glauca Erect or sprawling plant to Resistant to salt spray. HLW A B C D 60cm high by 60cm across. Platytheca galioides Plectranthus graveolens Compact little shrub to 30cm Narrow-elliptical grey-green (Syn. P. verticillata) B D E Podolepis jaceoides diameter. Bluish green, lanceolate leaves to 3cm. White flowers Elaeocarpaceae Vigorous herbaceous plant, Asteraceae leaves are 5–20mm long. Bears are borne in large terminal heads (Tremandraceae) usually less than 40cm, often A B C D heads of creamy white flowers in surrounded by creamy green A G growing in shallow soil and leaf Rosette-forming perennial with spring and summer. Distribution: bracts in spring. Distribution: Small, erect heath-like shrub mould on rock faces. Felt-like, oblanceolate basal leaves to 20cm. SA, Vic, NSW, ACT, Qld, Tas. NSW, Vic. to 50cm with whorls of linear ovate leaves, 5–10cm long, are Stem leaves are narrow-lanceolate Propagation From cuttings. Propagation From cuttings. leaves 1–1.5cm long. Bears strongly aromatic, and spikes of to 5cm. Flowering stems may Cultivation Needs well-drained, Cultivation Showy plant for masses of dark blue, nodding pale blue flowers with prominent reach 80cm. Yellow flowers, sunny situation. H well-drained, partially shaded site. flowers in spring and summer. lip appear in spring and summer. about 4cm diameter, are seen in Flowers are well displayed. H Distribution: WA. Distribution: NSW, Qld. summer. Distribution: Qld, NSW, Pimelea humilis Propagation From cuttings. Propagation From cuttings. Vic, Tas, SA. A B C Plantago Cultivation Often short lived in Cultivation Shaded or sunny Propagation From seed. Low, often spreading shrub to Plantaginaceae cultivation. Needs very well-drained position in any soil in frost-free Cultivation Useful for full-sun Petrophile media 30cm high by 50cm across, with The common weed Lamb’s site in half to three-quarters shade. area is suitable. Spreads to 1m situation. Cut back stems after hairy stems and tending Tongue (P. lanceolata) is familiar Sandstone mulch may help. Useful and more but readily checked. flowering. H Petrophile media to produce suckers. Opposite to most gardeners and one they container plant. P. juniperina is Resistant to salt spray. FWZ Proteaceae leaves are oblong to lanceolate, could easily do without. Several also in cultivation. FS P. suaveolens and P. parviflorus A G to 1.5cm long. White, slightly native Plantago spp., although not are difficult to separate from the Rounded shrub 50cm diameter. weed species, have little to offer Plectranthus argentatus above species. They are also Long, terete leaves, often over the horticulturist. P. muelleri is Lamiaceae frost tender. 15cm, form porcupine-like shape an exception. B D with globular heads of cream Very vigorous, suckering, Poa labillardieri flowers borne almost at ground Plantago muelleri herbaceous plant, 60cm–1m high. Poaceae level in spring and early summer. A C A B C D Distribution: WA. Perennial plant forming Tussock-forming grass with Propagation From seed. overlapping star-like rosettes narrow greyish leaves to 80cm. Cultivation Needs perfect of thick bright green leaves. Bears plume-like heads of flowers drainage and full sun. P. longifolia Flowers are light brown and on stems to 1m. Distribution: is very similar and is also in insignificant on short stems, Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic, Tas, SA. cultivation. H 7cm high. Distribution: alpine Propagation From seed or by areas of NSW. division of tussock. Podolepis monticola Pimelea alpina Propagation By division, Cultivation Very hardy. Accepts Thymelaeaceae but seed worth trying after most situations provided ample Podolepis monticola Alpine Rice Flower stratification. water available. HL B C D A C Cultivation Grow in small Perennial plant forming rosettes Prostrate spreading plant to 30cm rockery pocket in peaty soil Poa poiformis of light green, ovate to obovate across. Pairs of opposite, elliptical where moisture can be carefully Blue Tussock Grass leaves, 5–20cm long. Bears masses leaves are crowded towards the controlled. Never allow to A B C D of bright yellow flowers, 2cm branch ends and up to 1cm long. dry out. Needs half shade Tufted perennial grass with blue- diameter, on stems 40cm long, in Heads of perfumed pink or white Pimelea humilis to full sun. HLE Plectranthus argentatus green leaves to 1m, often shorter, spring. Distribution: Qld, NSW.

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Propagation From divisions, Plant reduced to bulb in dormant Propagation From cuttings or by the continent. Most species have treated as cuttings. Seed may also season. Distribution: Qld. division of creeping rhizome. horticultural merit but very few be worth trying. Propagation From seed or bulb Cultivation Shady situation in have been brought into cultivation, Cultivation Rare; grows well in off-set. most soils. Plants in cultivation due partly to general inaccessibility well-drained, shaded location. Cultivation Needs well-shaded tend to be larger than those in and partly to the generally low FH frost-free position in good loamy the field. FHZ percentage of germination. All soil. Good container plant. require well-drained, relatively Podolepis robusta FLSZ dry, sunny positions. A number of A C species have potential for the cut Perennial plant forming rosettes Proiphys cunninghamii flower trade and some are being of oblong to narrow-spathulate (Syn. Eurycles cunninghamii) cultivated for this purpose. leaves to 20cm long. Large yellow Brisbane Lily flower heads, 25cm diameter, on A B D E F G Ptilotus drummondii woolly, leafy stems 60cm high, Bulbous perennial similar to G H appear in spring and summer. above, but leaves are ovate and Small herb to 30cm in Distribution: alpine areas of NSW, white flowers are smaller and cultivation. Basal and stem leaves Vic, ACT. seen in late spring and early more or less linear. Pink, fluffy Ptilotus nobilis Propagation From seed. summer. Distribution: Qld, NSW. flower heads are cylindrical (or Stratification may increase Propagation From seed or bulb globular) to 4.5cm long; seen have been successful at Royal registered as P. exaltatus and may percentage of germination. off-set. in spring. Four varieties are Horticultural Society Garden, still be found in nurseries with Cultivation Tends to become Cultivation As for P. amboinensis recognised. Distribution: WA. Wisley, UK. this name. HQS untidy on aging. Needs well- but tolerant of cooler Propagation From seed. Cultivation As a pot plant in drained position with ample temperatures. FLS Cultivation Requires perfect UK, but good rockery plant in Ptilotus obovatus moisture and some shade. FH drainage. Growing in coarse sand mild climate. Excellent drainage Cotton Bush Pterocaulon sphacelatum in Australian National Botanic required. S H Gardens rockery. Excellent for Compact shrub 60cm high with Pterocaulon sphacelatum dry areas. H Ptilotus nobilis rounded, silvery grey, woolly Asteraceae (Syn. Ptilotus exaltatus) leaves to 4cm long. Small, B D E F G Pussytails, Mulla-mulla globular heads, 2cm diameter, Erect, aromatic herb to 1m high G H of pink and grey flowers on with winged stems. Oblanceolate Erect perennial to 60cm high with branching stems, seen in spring. to oblong leaves are hairy with narrow-obovate to oblanceolate Distribution: arid parts of scalloped margins. Globular leaves to 20cm. Large, woolly, mainland States. heads of pale pink flowers, 2cm tapering heads of lilac-grey Propagation From cuttings. diameter, are seen in spring. or yellowish green flowers in Selections from tissue culture. Distribution: NT, Qld, NSW, cylindrical spikes to 20cm long Cultivation Hardy. Most SA, WA. in spring. Three subspecies are soils satisfactory. Needs sunny Propagation From seed or recognised. Distribution: arid position. Stems of P. obovatus Pseuderanthemum variabile cuttings. parts of all mainland States. ‘Ozlotus Pink Suantra’, bred for Cultivation The aromatic leaves Propagation From seed, but cut flower trade, may reach 1m. Pseuderanthemum have a strong fruity fragrance and Ptilotus manglesii germination usually poor. HLQ Proiphys amboinensis variabile were used by Aborigines to treat Selections propagated by Acanthaceae head colds. Sunny, well-drained Ptilotus manglesii tissue culture. Ptilotus spathulatus Proiphys amboinensis Pastel Flower position. Cut back after flowering. Pom Poms Cultivation Spectacular rockery G H (Syn. Eurycles amboinensis) B D E F LZ¢ G H plant; excellent container plant. Prostrate perennial with rosette Amaryllidaceae (Liliaceae) Perennial plant to 30cm but Low herb with rosette of obovate P. nobilis ‘Ozlotus Abell Star’, of spathulate leaves to 5cm long, Cardwell Lily usually less. Lanceolate to ovate Ptilotus leaves to 8cm long. Trailing bred for the cut flower trade and from which horizontal stems D E leaves are 2–7cm long and usually Amaranthaceae flower stems with showy, erect, for landscaping, requires staking emerge. They bear vertical, Bulbous plant with large, rounded purplish on the underside. Spikes Ptilotus is a large genus of over fluffy flowers, pink and white, when used for cut flowers. It has greenish, woolly flower spikes leaves (25cm diameter) on stalk of pink to lilac tubular flowers 115 species, all but one being in cylindrical heads 5cm long by been granted Plant Breeders Rights. at their end in spring. Flowers 20cm high. Umbels of large white with spreading lobes appear in endemic to Australia, and 4cm diameter, appear in spring. Two other cultivars, P. ‘Joey’ and seem to appear out of the ground. flowers, 6cm diameter, follow spring and summer. Distribution: reaching its greatest development Distribution: WA. P. ‘Phoenix’ are available. Note: Distribution: NSW, Vic, Tas, on stems to 50cm in summer. NSW, Qld, NT. in the northern semi-arid parts of Propagation Root cuttings These cultivars have all been SA, WA.

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Propagation From seed; Cultivation Very useful rockery 30cm across with linear leaves to emerging to form rosettes of germination usually fairly good. plant. Needs good drainage, full 1cm long. White everlasting-daisy shiny, bright green, lobed or Cultivation Needs well-drained, sun or part shade. Frost tolerant. flowers, 2cm diameter, are borne trifoliolate leaves. Leaflets are sunny position. Interesting H in summer. Distribution: Tas, Vic, ovate to 2cm long. Creamy white novelty plant. H SA, NSW, ACT, Qld. flowers are about 2cm diameter; Pycnosorus globosus Propagation From cuttings. shy to flower in cultivation. Pultenaea procumbens (Syn. Craspedia globosa) Cultivation Prefers well-drained, Red fruit clusters are edible and Fabaceae Asteraceae sunny position. Cut back after attractive. Distribution: Tas. A B C Billy Buttons , Drumsticks flowering. Possible value as Propagation By division. Seeds Low bush 30cm high by 1m A B C G H basket plant. Selected varieties do not germinate readily, but may across. Small, concave, broadly Robust perennial with woolly, are promoted as Rhodanthe respond to stratification. lanceolate leaves, to 1cm long, silvery, linear leaves, to 30cm (Helipterum) ‘Paper Cascade’, Cultivation Requires ample are pointed and slightly hairy. long. Erect flower stems to 80cm ‘Paper Baby’, ‘Paper Star’ and moisture in peaty soil; needs Yellow and brown pea-flowers high with globular yellow flower ‘Anna Star’. HS some overhead shade in warmer occur in spring. Distribution: heads to 3cm diameter are seen in areas. HV£ NSW, ACT, Vic. spring and summer. Distribution: Rostellularia adscendens Propagation From scarified seed. Qld, NSW, Vic, SA. Cultivation Requires well- Propagation From seed. Rostellularia adscendens drained soil with some shade. Cultivation Handsome foliage (Syn. R. pogonanthera) Ranunculus graniticola FH plant; good cut flower. Blooms Acanthaceae were used in the presentation flowers, 2cm diameter, on stems E F bouquets at the 2000 Olympic to 20cm in summer. Distribution: Small herbaceous perennial to Games. Hardy in sunny situation alpine areas of NSW, Vic. 40cm high with lanceolate leaves in most soils. HLQ Propagation From seed. to 4cm long. Small pink flowers Cultivation Very hardy in sunny borne in a terminal spike have position in peaty soil with ample prominent lip. Five varieties are moisture. H recognised. Distribution: WA, NT, Qld, NSW, SA. Ranunculus lappaceus Propagation From cuttings and Sannantha bidwillii ‘Howie’s Common Buttercup probably seed. Feathertips’ used effectively as a bonsai A B C D G Cultivation Useful for small Hardy perennial with ovate or Rhodanthe anthemoides rockery pocket in warm climate. triangular, divided leaves to 8cm Hardy in full sun. Z Sannantha bidwillii long on a long stalk. Branched Rhytidosporum ‘Howie’s Feathertips’ flower spikes to 40cm bear golden procumbens (Syn. Baeckea virgata ‘Howie’s yellow flowers to 3cm diameter in (Syn. Billardiera procumbens, Feathertips’, B. virgata [miniature], spring and summer. Distribution: Marianthus procumbens) Babingtonia bidwillii ‘Howie’s Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic, Tas, SA. Pittosporaceae Feathertips’) Propagation From seed. A B C D Myrtaceae Cultivation Very hardy. Grows Tiny shrub sometimes reaching B C D G Pultenaea spinosa in most soils; requires sunny 20cm in height by 30cm across. Small, dense shrub to 1m by position and ample moisture. H Small, dark green, linear to 1.5m. Slightly pendulous tips. Pultenaea spinosa R. collinus, another alpine species, linear-oblong leaves. Starry white Crowded heath-like leaves to (Syn. P. subternata, P. cunninghamii) has also adapted to cultivation. flowers, about 1cm diameter, 1cm. Small white flowers, 6mm Pycnosorus globosus A C R. anemoneus, the large white occur in spring and summer. in diameter, are borne in summer. Low shrub to 80cm high with alpine buttercup, and R. millanii Distribution: Qld, NSW, ACT, Note: Baeckea virgata is now hairy branches. Leaves are ovate, Ranunculus graniticola have not been so successful. Vic, SA, Tas. Rubus gunnianus considered to occur only in New to 8mm, pointed and hairy. Ranunculaceae Propagation From cuttings, Caledonia. Australian species Yellow and brown pea-flowers Buttercup Rhodanthe anthemoides but try seed. Rubus gunnianus previously known by this name appear in upper leaf axils in A C (Syn. Helipterum anthemoides) Cultivation Well-drained, partly Rosaceae were transferred to Babingtonia spring. Distribution: Qld, Perennial with rosette of ovate, Asteraceae shaded position most suitable. A C and several new species NSW, ACT, Vic. toothed, simple or divided leaves A B C R. prostratum is very similar. Mat-forming plant with created. However after further Propagation From scarified seed. to 4cm long. Bears bright yellow Glaucous perennial, 50cm high by FH essentially underground stems examination, the eastern species

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occurring there, many Lower leaves have a short petiole; Similar to S. phlebopetala and still un-named. upper leaves are more or less S. calliptera. Distinguished by the Plants vary from quite large, stem clasping. Fan-shaped flowers large, leafy, elliptical bracteoles spreading shrubs, to small are blue and seen in spring and that subtend the flower. It tends undershrubs and perennials, summer. Distribution: WA. to sucker. Two varieties are all with the familiar fan-shaped Propagation From cuttings. recognised, differing in the nature flowers in colours from white to Cultivation Excellent for well- of the stem hairs. The pink- blue and purple, rarely yellow. drained soil in sunny site. H flowered cultivar ‘Pink Perfection’ All are propagated very easily from is outstanding. Distribution: WA. cuttings and most respond to good Scaevola phlebopetala Propagation From cuttings. drainage and full sun Velvet Fan Flower Cultivation Useful basket plant. A G HS Scaevola anchusifolia Prostrate plant spreading to Silky Scaevola 80cm. Wedge-shaped to linear, A G toothed leaves are 2–10cm long. Prostrate or semi-erect plant to Large flowers, very deep purple Sannantha bidwillii ‘Howie’s Feathertips’ 80cm high. Dark green, hairy, with yellow throat, are subtended oblanceolate, often toothed Scaevola crassifolia by small, linear bracteoles about were split into several new genera stretching over rocks. Suitable leaves to 9cm long. Flowers in 8mm long. Distribution: WA. and Babingtonia now only applies basket plant. S. viminale ssp. loose terminal spikes, to 15cm are borne in terminal spikes to Propagation From cuttings. to WA species. Thus ‘Howies’ brunonianum is similar but with long, are pale blue to purple and 5cm long in spring and early Cultivation Handsome plant; Feathertips’ is now thought to more twining stems; often seen seen in late winter and spring. summer. Distribution: WA, SA. stems trail over rocks. Not easy to be a depauperate form of growing in dry littoral rainforests Distribution: WA. Propagation From stem or leaf maintain. Possible basket plant. S Sannantha bidwillii. and other coastal locations as Propagation From cuttings. cuttings. Propagation From cuttings. well as inland. LSWZ Cultivation As for genus. Cultivation Resistant to Scaevola ramosissima Cultivation Very good for large salt spray. W B D rockery or as specimen plant. Scaevola calliptera Prostrate plant with wiry stems Foliage is a feature. Hardy in full Royal Robe Scaevola humilis to 60cm and broad-linear leaves sun or part shade. Suitable for A G A B C D 2–8cm long. Bears large purple tropics. Flowering is sometimes Erect herb to 40cm with sessile, Small, erect or spreading flowers in spring and summer. sparse but compact habit is more or less oblong, toothed perennial which may develop Distribution: Vic, NSW, Qld. a feature. HLZ leaves to 5cm long. Large purple suckering habit. Obovate leaves Propagation From cuttings. flowers with yellow throat are are up to 5cm long and the pale Cultivation As for genus. Sarcostemma viminale subtended by toothed, elliptical blue fan-shaped flowers are borne ssp. australe bracteoles to 3cm long. Flowering in the leaf axils through most Scaevola striata Schelhammera undulata (Syn. S. australe) is from spring to early summer. of the year. Similar to S. aemula Royal Robe Apocynaceae Distribution: WA. but generally smaller in all its A G Schelhammera undulata (Asclepiadaceae) Propagation From cuttings. parts. S. aemula (page 125) also Colchicaceae (Liliaceae) 1cm Caustic Bush Cultivation Not particularly has yellowish brown hairs on the A B C D B D E F H reliable on humid east coast stems and flowers. Distribution: Slender plant rarely exceeding Leafless plant with branching, Sarcostemma viminale ssp. but grows well in Perth area. NT, Qld, NSW, SA. 15cm. Leaves are ovate, sessile, cylindrical, succulent stems, brunonianum Useful container plant. Similar Propagation From cuttings. to 5cm long. Flowers are pale sometimes reaching 2m high. to S. striata, with which it shares Cultivation Does not spread as pink to mauve, 1.5cm diameter, Flowers are pale green, about Scaevola common name, but differs in the vigorously as the better forms of and last only a short time. 7mm diameter, in umbels along Goodeniaceae shape of its bracteoles. ? HL S. aemula. H Distribution: Vic, NSW. the stems and seen in spring and Fan Flowers Propagation By division; seed summer. Distribution: Qld, NSW, Scaevola is a large genus of plants Scaevola crassifolia Scaevola microphylla worth trying. SA, WA, NT. in the family Goodeniaceae. It Thick-leaved Fan Flower A G Cultivation Needs soil rich Propagation From cuttings. occurs in tropical areas apart from A G Low spreading herb with prostrate in humus in shady situation. Cultivation In sunny, exposed Australia, but reaches its best Rounded shrub to 1m high. or arching branches, up to 30cm Suitable as container plant. position in rockery, expect it development in the south-west of Thick, rounded leaves to 8cm high by 80cm across. Leaves are S. multiflora from north Qld is to form a bush 1m or more Western Australia with more than across have serrated margins. oblong to obovate, 1–5cm long, very similar and has also been in diameter with odd stems half of the 85 Australian species Light blue or rarely white flowers with coarsely toothed margins. Scaevola striata ‘Pink Perfection’ cultivated. FSZ

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Senecio pectinatus leaves to 3cm long. Heads of Stemodia viscosa flower. The triggers are only Asteraceae white flowers borne on erect Pagurda reactive on warm sunny days, A C stems in spring. Distribution: E F H giving an indication as to the most Stoloniferous plant with radical, Qld, NSW, Vic, Tas, SA. Similar to S. glabella but generally suitable location in the garden. oblong leaves to 5cm, variably Propagation From cuttings smaller, with slightly sticky lobed. Bears single yellow daisy or by division. leaves. Blue flowers in upper axils Stylidium adnatum flowers to 2.5cm diameter on Cultivation Well-drained, occur in spring and summer. Common Beaked Trigger Plant stems to 20cm high in summer. sunny position. H Distribution: SA, WA, NT, also A G Distribution: alpine areas of NSW, recorded for India. Small clumping plant with Vic, Tas. Stemodia glabella Propagation From cuttings, but whorls of bright green, linear Propagation By division. (Syn. Morgania glabra) seed probably satisfactory also. leaves about 1.5cm long on erect Cultivation Hardy in well- Plantaginaceae Cultivation Needs well- stems. Terminal sprays of pale composted soil and cool location. (Scrophulariaceae) composted soil in full sun in pink flowers are borne in spring Not rampant. Needs ample Bluerod frost-free area. Possible annual and summer. Two subspecies are moisture. H E F H bedding plant. Z¢ recognised. Distribution: WA. Erect perennial to 50cm high, Propagation From seed. Sowerbaea juncea often suckering. Narrow- Stirlingia simplex Cultivation Excellent for well- Asparagaceae (Liliaceae) Stackhousia pulvinaris lanceolate, aromatic leaves to Proteaceae tended rockery or as container Vanilla Lily 5cm long are toothed. Dark blue A C G plant in shade house. Grow in A B D Spermacoce stenophylla lanceolate leaves are up to 3cm long. axillary flowers to 1.2cm long Small sub-shrub to 20cm high well-composted soil and keep Tufted plant with rush-like Rubiaceae Spikes of white or cream flowers are showy and borne for many with grey-green, much-divided moist but not wet. Prefers part leaves, 30cm high. Umbel of E F H are borne terminally from spring to months as growth extends. leaves to 12cm long. More or less shade. S purple, vanilla-scented flowers Small spreading herb to 50cm early summer. Distribution: Qld, Distribution: all mainland States. terete segments. Heads of pale on slender stem to 40cm occurs across with grey-green, lanceolate- NSW, ACT, Vic, Tas, SA, WA. Propagation From seed or yellow flowers on erect stems to in spring. Many flowering stems ovate leaves to 3cm long. Globular Propagation From cuttings cuttings. 30cm are borne above the plant seen on well-established plants. heads of blue flowers are borne prepared from new leafy stems Cultivation Needs ample in spring. Distribution: WA. Distribution: Vic, NSW, Qld, Tas. in the leaf axils just after the wet emerging from rootstock. moisture in sunny, frost-free area. Propagation From cuttings Propagation By division; seed is season. Distribution: Qld, NT. Cultivation Not easy. Needs Prune regularly to keep growth (taken from leafy shoots near worth trying. Propagation From cuttings and well-drained position with ample compact. Possible annual base of plant). Cultivation Damp position; probably seed. water; do not allow to dry out. bedding plant. Z¢ Cultivation Excellent drainage requires at least three-quarters Cultivation Colourful rockery Requires some shade. FH essential. Sandy soil. Has sunlight. S. laxiflora from WA is plant in warm climate. Requires flowered in Canberra. HL similar but with fewer flowers; it full sun in well-drained soil. Z Stackhousia pulvinaris can be treated in the same way. A C Stylidium EH¢ Stackhousia monogyna Prostrate mat plant spreading Stylidiaceae Celastraceae to 40cm with light green, small, Trigger Plants (Stackhousiaceae) linear leaves to 1cm. Yellow-cream The genus Stylidium, with A B C star-like flowers occur in profusion some 110 species in Australia, Glabrous perennial with erect in early summer. includes many plants suitable stems to 60cm high. Linear to Distribution: alpine areas of for the rockery. Only a few are NSW, Vic, Tas. in common cultivation in the Propagation By division. open ground, but many have been Stylidium adnatum Cultivation Beautiful rock- successfully grown in pot culture. hugging plant. Needs well- Their unique pollination Stylidium bulbiferum composted soil and ample method gives rise to their common Circus Trigger Plant moisture in cool position. Prefers name. The anthers and the stigma A G some shade in warmer areas. are combined into an irritable Stoloniferous plant forming HL organ known as a column. When circular mats 15cm high by 30cm an insect alights on the base of in diameter. Linear leaves along Stackhousia spathulata this column it reacts like a trigger red stems are crowded towards A B C and hits the insect on its back, tips. Flowers are red, pink or Small perennial herb to 30cm. transferring a quantity of pollen, almost white, seen in spring. Sowerbaea juncea Stackhousia monogyna Light green, thick, spathulate Stemodia glabella which is then moved to the next Distribution: WA. — 1 9 4 — — 1 9 5 — S h r u b s E u c a ly p t u s

flowers, 2.5cm long, are seen in swollen woody tissue at, or just Eucalyptus burgessiana Eucalyptus desmondensis winter and spring. Two subspecies under, ground level. This habit (Syn. E. obstans) Desmond Mallee are recognised. can be most attractive in cultiva- Faulconbridge Mallee Ash A G H Distribution: WA (arid regions) tion and should be encouraged by B C Slender mallee to 5m, sparsely N T. regular pruning of leading growths. Mallee to 4m, often less. Bark branched with pendulous habit. Propagation From cuttings. While some eucalypts are tolerant is smooth and sheds in ribbons. Bark is silvery grey. Leaves are Cultivation Adaptable species of a wide range of conditions, most Leaves are broad-lanceolate to also grey, oblong, to 11cm (often with erect habit, unusual in the species mentioned below have ovate. Bears cream flowers in less). Flowers are creamy yellow, genus. Requires well-drained, more specific requirements and prominent sprays in winter and and flowering season varies. sunny site. HO perform best in areas of low rain- spring. Distribution: NSW. Distribution: near Ravensthorpe, fall. E. kruseana, E. macrocarpa, Propagation From seed. WA. Eriostemon E. preissiana, E. rhodantha and Cultivation Hardy; thrives on Propagation From seed. Rutaceae E. tetraptera are used as indoor poor soils. Usually loses mallee Cultivation Must have perfect Wax Flowers container plants in the USA. form in better conditions. drainage. Not easy to grow near Eremophila subfloccosa The genus Eriostemon has Propagation is easy from seed, Flowers are showy. Good east coast. Does well in drier recently been revised, resulting in either sown directly into their final drainage important. H climates; performs well in Perth. Eremophila subfloccosa most species being transferred to Eriostemon australasius containers (see p. 35) or pricked Very untidy appearance but H the genus Philotheca. The main sun suitable. White form available out at cotyledon stage. Eucalyptus conglomerata interesting bark colour. Not fully Low spreading shrub to 60cm distinguishing factor is that the as E. a. ‘Brilliance’. HQ Swamp Stringybark frost tested. Subject to chewing with woolly grey foliage. Green petals of an Eriostemon flower Eucalyptus approximans B D insects. LQ flowers in spring. Three subspe- have several veins and those of Eucalyptus Barren Mountain Mallee Tall shrub or small tree to 8m cies are recognised. Distribution: Philotheca have a single vein. Myrtaceae A B C D with stringy bark. Ovate to Eucalyptus grossa SA, WA. Eriostemon now has only three A fuller discussion of this very large Mallee, or slender, low-branching narrow-ovate leaves, 6–16cm Coarse-leaved Mallee Propagation From cuttings species, one of which occurs only genus appears in Chapter 13. A tree, to 4m high by 3m diameter long. Cream flowers are borne A G H (definitely no mist). in New Caledonia and is likely few shrubby species are examined with smooth bark shedding in in the upper leaf axils. Fruits, Spreading mallee-type shrub to Cultivation Excellent foliage to be placed in another genus in this chapter. These few species ribbons. Leaves are narrow, lanceo- about 5mm in diameter, are 3m high and often 4m or more plant; hardy and reliable. HL eventually. This leaves only two rarely reach tree proportions, in late, to 10cm. Bears cream flowers often crowded. Distribution: Qld across. Thick wide leaves to species native to Australia, the general forming spreading, woody in spring. Distribution: restricted (coastal wallum). 10cm on red stems. Flowers are Eremophila weldii well-known E. australasius and the shrubs. They mostly have very area in northern NSW, south- Propagation From seed. conspicuous, creamy yellow, and H little-known E. banksii from the showy flowers and are of particular eastern Qld. Cultivation Rare; in limited occur in spring. Small open shrub to 1m high by north-east coast of Queensland. value for this reason. Propagation From seed. cultivation. Accepts reasonably Distribution: WA. 1m across. Dwarf forms are also The majority of these small Cultivation Very reliable; hardy. damp conditions. E Propagation From seed. known. Small, obovate or oblan- Eriostemon australasius eucalypts are mallees; that is, Does not always form mallee habit Conservation Status Cultivation Performs well in ceolate leaves are up to 1cm long, (Syn. E. lanceolatus) they have a number of thin in cultivation. Very frost hardy. Endangered. drier climates. Not easy to grow slightly concave upwards. Flowers Wax Flower stems arising from a lignotuber or H near the east coast. Requires are blue-mauve with spotted B C D Eucalyptus good drainage. Slightly frost throat, about 1.5cm long. They Erect shrub to 2m high by 1m Eucalyptus burdettiana cunninghamii tender when young. U are seen in spring and often in across with narrow-elliptical Burdett Gum (Syn. E. rupicola) other seasons. leaves to 7cm. Flowers are pink A C G H Cliff Mallee Ash Eucalyptus kruseana Distribution: SA, WA. or rarely white, star-like, to 3cm Shrub or small mallee to about C Bookleaf Mallee Propagation From cuttings. diameter, and occur in spring. 3.5m high. Lanceolate, shiny Spreading shrub to 3m high A B C G H Cultivation Fairly widely grown; Distribution: NSW, Qld. leaves are up to 9cm long. Flowers and 5m or more diameter with Well-branched shrub to 3m useful pot plant. Well-drained Propagation From cuttings, with are yellow-green, about 3cm smooth bark and narrow-lanceo- high by 1m diameter. Blue-grey, soil and full sun or part shade difficulty. Seed has germinated diameter. The bud cap is unique, late leaves to 10cm. Masses of round leaves to 2cm diameter. recommended. HOS after chipping and washing treat- being cylindrical, 4cm long and creamy white flowers appear Flowers are creamy yellow in ment. Smoke treatment may also covered with warty protuberances. in autumn. Distribution: Blue clusters near ends of branches Eremophila youngii be successful. (See p. 32) Flowers are seen in late summer. Mountains, NSW. and occur in autumn to winter. H Cultivation Outstanding in Distribution: WA. Propagation From seed. Distribution: WA. Erect shrub reaching 2m high flower, but nondescript for Propagation From seed. Cultivation Hardy. Good low Propagation From seed. by 1m or more across. Greyish, remainder of year. Perfect drainage Cultivation Growing well in screen plant. May be useful on Cultivation Very beautiful. linear-lanceolate leaves are up to and cool root run, provided by Kings Park and Waite Institute, banks in cooler climates. Rarely Hardy in most soils. Although 4cm long and hooked at the tip. sandstone slabs or thick mulch, Adelaide. Good drainage, full sun cultivated. Prefers good drainage from arid area it does well on Pink to red, slightly hairy, tubular are essential. Some shade or full Eucalyptus approximans and winter rainfall essential. H and full sun. HU the coast. Needs sunny posi-

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cultivation but deserves to be regularly. Distribution: SA (rare). Eucalyptus rhodantha Cultivation Hardy in Canberra well-drained positions on coast seen more frequently. Bark and Propagation From seed. Rose Mallee and Melbourne. Moderately and tablelands. Pruning essen- general form both attractive. Cultivation Very old plants at G H dense habit makes it a useful tial to control growth. Some grub Reasonable drainage and full sun Waite Institute, Adelaide, flower Very similar to E. macrocarpa screen plant. Suited to most damage noticed. Very unusual recommended. HLX prolifically. Full sun. Useful for but generally more compact soils and aspects. Not tested in eucalypt. Good specimens in dry areas. Frost tolerance not fully shrub growing to 3m. Blue-grey, warmer, humid areas. HU Adelaide. HSV tested. rounded leaves to 10cm diam- eter. Bears large red flowers, 7cm Eucalyptus stricta Eucalyptus vernicosa Eucalyptus pleurocarpa diameter, for most of the year. Blue Mountains Mallee Ash Varnished Gum Tallarack Two subspecies are recognised. BC A C A C G H Distribution: WA. Mallee to 5m high with erect Compact shrub to 3m with Usually compact, rounded shrub Propagation From seed. stems and narrow-lanceolate smooth bark and small, thick, to 4m high and 5m diameter, Cultivation Not easy on the leaves to 10cm. Bears cream ovate leaves to 5cm. Cream with square grey stems and blue- east coast but thrives in drier flowers in summer and autumn. flowers occur in summer. Eucalyptus kruseana grey ovate leaves. Cream flowers climates. Performs well in Distribution: NSW. Distribution: alpine areas of Tas. are well displayed in spring and Perth on deep sand. Not fully Propagation From seed. Propagation From seed. tion. Tolerates frost. Subject to early summer. This species has tested for frost resistance. Very Cultivation Very hardy in most Cultivation Very hardy in most chewing insects. Prune to main- been known for many years attractive. LPQSV coastal and tableland situa- soils in sunny, well-watered tain shape. Flowers when very as E. tetragona, a name now Conservation Status tions. Requires good drainage situation in temperate areas. small. HLPQS applied to a closely related species Endangered. and ample moisture. Interesting Relatively slow growing. Good which does not retain the grey- landscaping plant, as mallee foliage plant. HL ness on older foliage and stems. Eucalyptus serraensis habit usually adopted. HP Distribution: WA. (Syn. Eucalyptus alpina) Propagation From seed. Grampians Stringybark Eucalyptus macrocarpa Cultivation Beautiful, shapely A C foliage plant. Unlike most grey- Spreading shrub to 3m high by Eucalyptus macrocarpa leaved eucalypts, little insect 5m across (occasionally a small Mottlecah damage has been noted. Frost tree). Twisted branches and thick G H hardy. Requires well-drained soil. oblong leaves to 12cm. Bears Straggling, open shrub to 5m Thrives on tablelands and inland cream flowers from summer to (some compact forms seen in the drier areas. Used extensively early winter. Distribution: high field). Sparsely branched with by the cut flower trade for both peaks of the Grampians, Vic. large, blue-grey, stalkless, oblong foliage and fruits. Propagation From seed. leaves. Crimson flowers are the HLPQU (Stratification may assist largest of the genus, 8cm diam- germination.) eter. They occur from late winter Eucalyptus preissiana to early summer. Fruits are large, Bell-fruit Mallee Eucalyptus luehmanniana grey and attractive. A B C G Eucryphia lucida ‘Ballerina’ Distribution: WA. Straggling plant to 4m with Eucalyptus luehmanniana Propagation From seed. smooth bark. Leaves are thick, Eucryphia lucida Eucalyptus tetraptera Yellow-top Mallee Ash Cultivation Outstanding oblong, to 11cm. Large bright Cunoniaceae B ornamental; does best in drier yellow flowers, 3cm diameter, (Eucryphiaceae) Mallee to 6m high, with smooth climates. Needs good drainage occur in spring. Two subspecies Eucalyptus tetraptera Leatherwood white bark shedding in long and warm position. Slightly frost are recognised. Distribution: WA. Square-fruit Mallee A B C ribbons. Glossy leaves are broad- tender. Needs regular pruning. Propagation From seed. A G H Erect shrub or small tree to 7m lanceolate to 18cm long. Large LPQSV Cultivation Excellent ornamental Straggly bush to 3m with thick, with oblong leaves to 4cm. White, cream flowers are borne on flat- if pruned to control shape. Rarely lanceolate leaves to 15cm. or rarely pink, fragrant flowers, tened stalks in spring and early Eucalyptus pimpiniana successful in Sydney but good Large, square red calyx, and pink 3cm diameter, reminiscent of a summer. Fruits are cup-shaped, Pimpin Mallee plants known in Melbourne, flowers in spring and summer. single rose, occur in late spring about 1cm across. Distribution: H Adelaide and Perth. Subspecies Fruits are also red. and summer. It is famous for the NSW (Sydney region). Spreading shrub or mallee to 2m lobata has larger fruits than the Distribution: WA. leatherwood honey produced from Eucalyptus preissiana Propagation From seed. with thick leaves to 9cm. Masses type. Good drainage important. Propagation From seed. its flowers. Distribution: Tas. ssp. lobata Cultivation Not common in of greenish cream flowers appear HS Cultivation Reasonably hardy in Propagation From cuttings;

— 3 3 2 — — 3 3 3 — S h r u b s G a r d e n i a success also reported from seed. Cultivation Hardy. Slow-growing spring and early summer. Fruits sunny situation. Propagation is by Distribution: WA, NT. Cultivation Very reliable. Prefers plant. Grows and fruits well are 2cm diameter and resemble cuttings or scarified seed. Propagation From fresh seed well-composted soil and plenty at least as far south as Coffs rose hips. Distribution: NSW, Qld (after extraction from hard fruits). of shade. Neat appearance; useful Harbour. Accepts full sun. Fruits (in or near rainforest). Eutaxia microphylla Cultivation Shrub with great screen plant. Ample moisture are tasty. VZ£ Propagation From cuttings, and A B C D character. Semi-deciduous in the essential. E. l. ‘Ballerina’ has pink possibly seed. Two forms exist, a prostrate, field in the dry season, when petals and crimson stamens. E. l. Eupomatia Cultivation Very handsome spreading plant forming a tight leaves redden prior to falling, but ‘Leatherwood Cream’, a registered Eupomatiaceae foliage plant. Suitable for shaded mat to 1.5m diameter with probably evergreen in cultivation. cultivar, has green and cream This interesting family, with only rockery and as indoor specimen. heath-like leaves to 5mm long, Young plants only observed at variegated leaves. FHLU¢ one genus and three species, is FLPSZ£ and a much-branched shrub to Australian National Botanic considered to be of ancient origin 1m high by 1m diameter with Gardens, Canberra, where Eucryphia milliganii and without close relations in slightly broader leaves to 1cm germination was very good. Good A C our modern floras. They occur long. Flowers of both forms drainage and full sun suggested Another Tasmanian endemic, in Australia and PNG and make are yellow pea-flowers with red for best results. Possibly very cold with smaller leaves and flowers, fine garden or indoor specimens. centres and are profuse in spring. tender. LPVZ¢ reaching 2m. It can also be used Their floral structure is peculiar Distribution: SA, Vic, Tas, NSW. as a screen plant. U in that each flower consists of Propagation From cuttings or Euryomyrtus ramosissima an outer ring of fertile stamens scarified seed. Eugenia reinwardtiana and an inner ring of infertile Cultivation Prostrate form is (Syn. E. carissoides) stamens (or staminodes). These Euryomyrtus ramosissima an excellent ground cover or Myrtaceae latter are petal-like and provide a 1cm (Syn. Baeckea ramosissima) spreading rockery plant for a Beach Cherry food source for a species of beetle Myrtaceae well-drained, sunny position. 1cm D E (Elleschodes sp.), which in turn A B C D Foliage is neat. Upright form is a Rounded shrub to 2m. Dark green, acts as the pollinating agent. The Very variable, usually spreading, useful shrub, again requiring good elliptical leaves to 5cm. White overall flower colour is cream. Eupomatia laurina. heath-like shrub to 1m high or drainage and full sun. H flowers are followed by shiny red When the fruits ripen in Diagrammatic cross-section sometimes prostrate. Excellent edible fruits, about 1.5cm diam- winter they soften and become through flower showing cavities forms are found on mid-north Eutaxia obovata eter. The 1983 revision of Eugenia fig-like. They are edible and containing seeds. Fleshy coast of NSW in heath. Flowers A B C G and Syzygium has left this and aromatic and said to resemble a petal-like structures are fertile are often deep pink and at least Rounded shrub to 1m high by one other undescribed species guava in flavour. The common and sterile stamens. 1cm diameter, in spring. E. 60cm across with lanceolate as the only species of Eugenia name native guava has been given ramosissima ssp. prostrata is a leaves to 2cm in four rows. occurring naturally in Australia. to E. laurina. The third species, E. lower-growing shrub with smaller, Flowers are yellow with a red Distribution: Qld, WA, Pacific Is. barbata, a small shrub from north Eupomatia laurina nodding flowers. keel and appear in spring. Propagation From seed. Queensland, has not been seen in Native Guava, Bolwarra Distribution: NSW, Vic, Tas, SA. Distribution: WA. cultivation. A B D Propagation From cuttings. Propagation Scarified seed As garden subjects they are Shrub or small tree to 6m. Cultivation Not easy to maintain preferred. handsome shrubs with glossy Branches are weak when young. for long periods in cultivation. Cultivation Performs well in Gardenia scabrella green leaves. They require shade Glossy, elliptical leaves to 12cm. Best results have been achieved in Sydney and Canberra. Hardy and a well-composted soil with Cream, strongly perfumed built-up sand and full sun. Very in most soils. Good drainage ample moisture. Their frost toler- flowers, 2.5cm diameter, appear attractive and worth persevering recommended. Accepts a little Gardenia scabrella ance has not been fully tested but in spring and summer. Fruits are with. HW shade. Neat shrub. E. cuneata D E F E. laurina will tolerate at least 2cm diameter and resemble rose and E. epacridoides are also in Rounded shrub to 2m high by mild frosts. Propagation is easy hips. Distribution: Vic, NSW, Qld, Eutaxia cultivation. HL 1.5m across with oblanceolate, from cuttings or seed. PNG (in or near rainforest). Fabaceae glossy leaves to 8cm. Bears Propagation From cuttings or Eutaxia is a small genus of Gardenia megasperma fragrant white flowers, 6cm Eupomatia bennettii seed. pea-flowers with 22 species, all Rubiaceae diameter, in spring and summer. D Cultivation Handsome foliage Western Australian endemics F Distribution: Qld. Rounded or straggly shrub to plant. Requires pruning from except E. microphylla and Open shrub or small tree to Propagation From cuttings. 1m high, sometimes much less, early age to encourage branching E. diffusa, which are both wide­ 5m with heavy, often twisted Cultivation Growing well in with glossy, ovate leaves to 20cm and strengthen limbs. Suitable spread. They are mostly small, branches. Large leaves obovate to Coffs Harbour in semi-shade. with winged petioles. Flowers are indoor plant. Frost susceptibility woody shrubs bearing yellow 14cm long. Scented white flowers, Considerable potential as an creamy yellow, orange at centre, needs further testing. and red flowers in spring. They 5cm diameter, are followed ornamental. Frost sensitive. Eugenia reinwardtiana 2.5cm diameter, and appear in FLPSZ£¢ require good drainage and a by large pear-shaped fruits. LPSZ¢

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Gastrolobium humans). The pea-flowers are Gastrolobium flowers appear in spring. A pros- Erect, open shrub to 2m high by small clusters, are almost hidden Fabaceae yellow and red, orange or all red, ebracteolatum trate form with smaller purplish 1m diameter with green, broad- by the yellow leaf-like bracts. Poison Peas and are usually well-displayed. (Syn. Oxylobium lineare) leaves is available commercially lanceolate leaves to 6cm. Bears Two subspecies are recognised. The definition of the genus Most species will require good A G and appears to flower throughout small white flowers followed by Distribution WA. Gastrolobium has been the drainage and a warm, sunny Pendulous shrub to 5m high the year. Distribution: WA. showy white fruits in late summer. Propagation Difficult from subject of much debate in recent position. Propagation by scarified by 4m across with linear leaves Propagation From scarified seed Distribution: NSW, Vic. cuttings and seed; smoke treat- years, for a while many were seed. to 6cm. Bears yellow and red or cuttings. Propagation From cuttings. ment of seed (see p. 32) has transferred to the genus Nemcia, pea-flowers in spring. Cultivation Good low shrub or Cultivation Prune from early recently given good results. but the Australian Plant Census Gastrolobium callistachys Distribution: WA. ground cover. Needs well-drained, age to maintain compact Cultivation Beautiful species treats it in the broad sense with Rock Poison Propagation From scarified seed. sunny position. Prostrate form shape. Suitable for containers. rarely seen in cultivation, although 114 species. All but two are A G Cultivation Well-drained soil performs well in Coffs Harbour. H FHQSV common in florist shops as cut endemic to Western Australia, Erect shrub to 2m with linear in full sun recommended. flower from bush harvesting, where the genus forms an inter- leaves to 5cm. Long sprays of Handsome habit. HL Gastrolobium truncatum Gaultheria hispida which has caused it to become rare esting part of the flora. The pea-flowers, yellow-orange, occur (Syn. Nemcia truncata) Snowberry outside national parks. Perhaps exceptions, G. grandiflorum in spring. Distribution: WA. Gastrolobium parviflorum A G A C now we will see plantations and G. brevipes from northern Propagation From scarified seed. (Syn. Oxylobium parviflorum) Prostrate plant spreading to 50cm. Compact shrub to 1m high by developed in suitable areas. Well- Australia, are not known in Cultivation Requires well- A G Leaves almost round with undu- 1m diameter with bristly stems, drained site in full sun or part cultivation. While the flowers drained, sunny position. Adapts Rounded shrub to 1m high by late margins, 1.5cm long. Yellow otherwise similar to G. appressa. shade recommended. Makes fine and foliage of many species are well to cultivation. 60cm across with oblong leaves to and red pea-flowers (not seen by Distribution: alpine areas of Tas. potted plant. PQS attractive, in general they have H 5cm. Yellow and red pea-flowers author). Distribution: WA. Propagation From cuttings. Some been avoided in cultivation, prob- occur in winter and spring. Propagation From cuttings or success also reported from seed. Gompholobium ably because of the poisonous Gastrolobium celsianum Distribution: WA. scarified seed. Cultivation As for G. appressa. Fabaceae components in their foliage (toxic (Syn. Brachysema celsianum, Propagation From scarified seed. Cultivation Has potential as Perhaps less pruning is needed. Gompholobium is an endemic to stock, and probably also to B. lanceolatum) Cuttings also successful. rockery or small ground cover FHQSV Australian genus with more than ABCG Cultivation Good drainage and plant. Good drainage and full 50 species. They are mainly Spreading, rounded shrub, 1.5m full sun recommended. H sun recommended. Good basket small, woody shrubs with size- high and 3m across. Broad- specimen. HS able yellow, greenish or pink pea- lanceolate leaves are up to 10cm flowers, mostly borne in spring. long and silvery grey on the Gaultheria They are not easy to cultivate underside. Bears red pea-flowers Ericaceae but most are showy enough to with prominent keel in spring. Of this very large pan-Pacific warrant further investigation. Distribution: WA. genus, only four species occur in They seem to demand perfect Propagation From scarified seed Australia, with one of them, drainage and reasonably dry or cuttings taken mid to late G. depressa, extending to NZ. conditions with some overhead summer. They are low to medium- shade. Propagation is easy from Cultivation Needs sunny sized woody shrubs with dark scarified seed, although seed is position in most well-drained green foliage and white flowers often difficult to obtain because of soils. Useful tall ground cover. embedded in a succulent white insect damage. Responds well to pruning. or red calyx, which swells and HL remains coloured when fruit is Gompholobium mature. They are hardy orna- grandiflorum Gastrolobium dilatatum mentals for shady positions in B C D (Syn. Nemcia cuneata, N. dilatata, well-composted soil with good Erect, often spindly shrub to 1m. Oxylobium obovatum, O. cuneatum) drainage, but need plenty of water. Geleznowia verrucosa Narrow, digitate leaves with three AG Propagation is from cuttings, but leaflets are 2.5cm long. Yellow Rounded shrub to 1m high (or Gastrolobium praemorsum some success has been reported Geleznowia verrucosa pea-flowers, with 2.5cm standard, less) by 60cm across. Leaves to from seed with Tasmanian species. Rutaceae occur in spring. 2cm have a blunt end. Bears Gastrolobium praemorsum Yellow Bells Distribution: NSW. orange-red pea-flowers in spring. (Syn. Brachysema praemorsum) Gaultheria appressa A G Propagation From scarified seed. Distribution: WA. A B C D (often wrongly referred to as Small rounded shrub to 1m by Cultivation Successful in Sydney, Propagation From scarified seed. Spreading shrub to 30cm high by G. hispida) 1m. Obovate leaves are crowded Canberra and Brisbane on sandy Cultivation Good drainage and 1.5m diameter with wedge-shaped Waxberry and about 1.2cm long. The wallum soil. Very showy in flower. Gastrolobium callistachys full sun recommended. H leaves to 6cm. Large dull red pea- A C terminal yellow flowers, borne in Needs half shade. FH

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Gompholobium latifolium Goodia pubescens Beauty’ have particularly Graptophyllum spinigerum Golden Glory Pea (Syn. G. lotifolia var. pubescens) colourful tips, the latter having Queensland Holly B C D A B C D the brightest tip growth. Well- B D E Erect shrub to 2m. Digitate leaves, Rounded shrub to 1m high by 1m mulched soil in part shade is Compact bush to 1m or a little much broader than G. grandi­ diameter. Leaves are trifoliolate, recommended. Myrtle Rust has taller. Dark green, ovate leaves to florum, with three leaflets, to slightly hairy. Leaflets are ovate, caused damage to plants at Coffs 4cm. Spine sometimes present 5cm. Largest flowers of the to 1.5cm. Yellow flowers appear in Harbour. FLSZ in leaf axils of older stems. Small genus. Bears yellow pea-flowers, spring and summer. Distribution: white axillary flowers, about 1cm with 3cm standard, in spring. Vic, Tas. Gossypium long, seen from time to time Distribution: Qld, NSW, Vic. Propagation From scarified seed. Malvaceae throughout year. Propagation From scarified seed. Cultivation Much more compact Gossypium is a tropical and Distribution: Qld, NT. Cultivation Very showy. FHP than the previous species. May subtropical genus of great Propagation From cuttings. self-seed in the garden. Useful economic importance. From its Cultivation Grows well in semi- Gompholobium virgatum small shrub accepting most soils members we obtain cotton and shade. Pleasant rounded shape. and aspects. H cottonseed oil. The 17 Australian No special soil preparation. LZ to 3cm long. Large bright yellow species are of ornamental value pea-flowers are seen in spring. Gossia fragrantissima only, although scientists are Grevillea Distribution: Qld, NSW. (Syn. Austromyrtus fragrantissima) showing interest in them as an Proteaceae Propagation From scarified seed. Myrtaceae additional gene pool. G. stur- The genus Grevillea has recently Cultivation Very showy in flower. Sweet Myrtle tianum has established itself as a been revised by Peter Olde and Requires excellent drainage and D useful garden plant. It requires a Neil Marriott, the results being sunny or part-shaded site. G. Compact bushy shrub to 5m high warm, well-drained position away Graptophyllum excelsum published in a three-volume hue­gelii is also in cultivation and with shiny ovate leaves to 6cm from severe frosts. Propagation is set entitled The Grevillea requires similar conditions. FH long. Young growth is pinkish from cuttings or seed. leaves to 2cm. Tubular red flowers Book (Kangaroo Press, 1995). brown. White fluffy flowers, to 3cm long occur in spring and Subsequently, Volume 17A of Flora Goodia borne in axillary clusters, are very Gossypium sturtianum summer. Distribution: Qld. of Australia was published in 2000, Fabaceae fragrant. Fruits are red, globular Sturt’s Desert Rose Propagation From cuttings. with 362 species and almost 100 Goodia is a small genus of six and about 6mm diameter. H Cultivation Performs well in sun subspecies included in Grevillea, species, all Australian. They are Distribution: Qld, NSW. Erect or rounded shrub to 2m, or shade, in well-composted soil. making it the third largest genus woody shrubs with yellow pea- Propagation From fresh seed. often less. Rounded, glaucous Good foliage plant, outstanding in the Australian flora. Since then flowers and are very hardy in Cultivation Pretty shrub; leaves to 6cm diameter. Hibiscus- in flower. Very good results from several new species and subspe- cultivation. They seem to adapt slow growing. Prefers shaded, like flowers, pale bluish purple Cairns to Sydney. Frost tolerance cies have been described. Most Gompholobium scabrum to most soils and most aspects. well composted situation and with red centre, to 12cm not tested. FLPQZ species are endemic to Australia, Propagation is from scarified seed reasonable drainage. Birds are diameter, occur in winter and although several extend outside the Gompholobium scabrum and, in the case of G. lotifolia, by attracted to the fruits. LO¢ spring. Floral emblem of NT. Graptophyllum ilicifolium country, and a few are endemic to (Syn. Burtonia scabra) root suckers. Conservation Status Endangered. Distribution: Qld, NSW, SA, WA, Holly Fuchsia New Caledonia (3), Sulawesi (1) A G N T. B D E and Papua New Guinea (1). With Bushy shrub to 1.5m with linear Goodia lotifolia Gossia inophloia Propagation From cuttings or seed. Erect shrub to 2.5m with irregu- few exceptions they have horti- heath-like leaves. Bears large A B C D (Syn. Austromyrtus inophloia) Cultivation Occasionally shy to larly toothed, stiff, holly-like cultural potential, with flowers of mauve pea-flowers in leaf axils in Vigorous suckering plant to 2.5m Thread-barked Myrtle flower. Select from free-flowering leaves to 10cm long. The deep many different forms and colours, spring. Distribution: WA. high by 3m or more wide, with D E F clones. Also in cultivation are purplish-red tubular flowers and varying in size from prostrate Propagation From scarified seed. trifoliolate light green leaves. Compact tall shrub, or small tree, G. s. var. nandewarense are 3cm long in axillary clus- woody plants to tall trees. Cultivation Outstanding, but Leaflets ovate, 1.5cm long. Bears to 5m with ovate leaves to 5cm (Syn. G. nandewarense), a rare ters. They are seen in spring. For convenience (but with no very difficult to maintain. Well- yellow pea-flowers in spring. long. Young growth is deep red to shrub from NSW and Qld, and Distribution: Qld (rare). sound botanical basis), the flower drained, well-mulched soil is Distribution: Qld, NSW, ACT, burgundy. White flowers, about G. robinsonii, a shrub from WA. Propagation From seed or form can be categorised in several suggested, and part shade. HP Vic, Tas. 8mm diameter, are seen in spring. LPZ cuttings. ways, depending on the way the Propagation From scarified seed The round fruits are about 4mm Cultivation Rare, but available individual flowers are grouped Gompholobium virgatum or by division of root suckers. diameter. Distribution: Qld. Graptophyllum excelsum commercially. Handsome, slow together: Wallum Wedge-pea Cultivation Very hardy. Thrives Propagation From fresh seed. (Syn. G. earlii ) growing, deserving a place in a 1. The erect cluster, where flowers B C D in most situations. May be too Cultivation Attractive shrub Accantha eae warm garden with ample shade. are borne terminally to form Low bushy shrub about 1m high. vigorous for a small garden. with ornamental young growth. B D E Well-drained soil recommended. an upright spider-like inflores- Leaves are digitate with linear to Useful, fast-growing screen plant. Fine indoor tub plant. Erect shrub to 3m high by 2m FLOZ cence (e.g. G. buxifolia—see very narrow-oblanceolate leaflets GHU G. i. ‘Aurora’ and G. i. ‘Blushing diameter with shiny, obovate Conservation Status Vulnerable. drawing, p. 345).

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2. The pendent cluster, where south coast of NSW is worth a zones apply to plants on their axils and terminally from autumn yellow and white, red and white, Very difficult on east coast. Not flowers are borne terminally visit. The garden is the brainchild own roots. Grafted specimens to spring. The flowers are white pink and white, or pink, and tested for frost tolerance. LP or along the branches but of grevillea enthusiast Ray Brown; will have a much broader toler- with a yellow-green style. Two occur most of the year except hang down below the branch, with community and council ance to weather conditions. subspecies are recognised. autumn. Natural hybrids occur again in a spider-like form assistance a wonderfully land- Distribution: NT, WA. with G. lavandulacea and G. (e.g. G. victoriae—see drawing, scaped garden has been created Grevillea acanthifolia Propagation From cuttings. lanigera. Distribution: NSW, p. 368). almost entirely with grevilleas, A B C Cultivation Grows well in ACT, Vic (rarely alpine). 3. The toothbrush type, where with a rainforest backdrop of other Brisbane and further north. Propagation From cuttings. flowers are borne terminally native plants. As the garden is not Foliage is particularly attractive. Cultivation Very desirable, in a one-sided raceme (e.g. open every day, enquiries should Flowers are not showy. Full sun extremely variable species; most G. acanthifolia—see drawing, be made from the local council and relatively dry climate forms are worth cultivating. this page). before arranging a visit. recommended. LZ Hardy in temperate winter- 4. The cylindrical inflorescence, In general, Grevillea spp. rainfall climates. Use in rockery where flowers are borne termi- do best in well-drained, sunny or in shrub bed. Long flowering. 1cm nally all around the stem (G. positions. In shade, flowering Many forms are known and sold stenobotrya—see photo p. 366). is usually diminished. Soil type by their place of origin, such as 5. The soft, feathery inflorescence does not appear to be impor- G. a. (Mt Zero), or by a cultivar of the G. manglesii/G. triloba tant, provided that it is slightly name, such as G. a. ‘Grampians group (see drawing, p. 367). acid. Excess of phosphorus in Gold’. HO 1cm Most Grevillea spp. are in fertilisers may prove fatal, but cultivation, many having proved response to balanced fertilisers is Grevillea angustiloba Grevillea aquifolium leaf variation (Syn. G. ilicifolia var. angustiloba) themselves as reliable garden excellent. (See Chapter 5.) Grevillea acanthifolia subjects. Others, mostly species Propagation is easy from A B C Grevillea aquifolium from drier inland habitats, always cuttings taken in mid to late Prostrate or procumbent shrub Holly Grevillea prove difficult on the humid summer. Most species can Spreading shrub to 3m high and to 1m high spreading to 2m. A C east coast unless they are grafted also be grown from seed but as 4m wide. Leaves are pinnately Leaves to 11cm long with finely Very variable, spreading or onto resistant rootstock. Early Grevillea spp. hybridise very divided, stiff and prickly, to divided segments less than 4mm upright shrub to 1m high or work on grafting in the mid- readily, seed from cultivated 12cm. Pink toothbrush-type wide. Red or rarely yellow tooth- sometimes much taller, and vari- 1970s at the Australian National plants will rarely come true. flowers occur for most of the brush type flowers are seen from able width. Dull green holly-like Botanic Gardens was taken up by Many species are excellent year. Two rare subspecies occur, late spring to early summer. A leaves to 8cm. Toothbrush-type members of the Grevillea Study bird attractors, as they produce one on the southern tablelands second subspecies is recognised. flower spikes of green flowers Group of the Australian Plants huge quantities of nectar. and one on the northern Distribution: Vic, SA. with red styles occur in late Society. The late Harvey Shaw, Along with the plethora of tablelands of NSW. Propagation From cuttings. winter to early summer. A Merv Hodge and, more recently, natural species, there are almost Distribution: NSW. Cultivation Hardy in most soils yellow-flowered form is known. Dave Mason and others devel- as many cultivars. Most have Propagation From cuttings. in temperate areas. Needs sunny Distribution: Vic, SA. oped techniques that have made occurred accidentally as seedlings Cultivation Excellent position. Prostrate forms make Propagation From cuttings. the grafting of grevilleas standard in gardens, only a few arising ornamental with attractive suitable ground covers. HO Cultivation Very hardy. Grows commercial practice. (See p. 43 from deliberate manipulation. foliage. Good feature plant. Long well in most locations in for details.) Plants once virtually Some are worthwhile and will flowering. Develops interesting Grevillea annulifera temperate climates. Tolerates impossible to grow on the east remain in our nurseries as shape when pruning kept to Prickly Plume Grevillea considerable shade. Several coast may now be grown with excellent horticultural subjects. a minimum. Hardy in most Grevillea alpina A G varieties available, identified by relative ease. The stock plant Others that show little or no situations. Accepts wetter and Erect shrub to 4m high by 3m place of origin. FHLO used for most species is the Silky improvement on their parents shadier positions than most Grevillea alpina wide. Pinnate leaves with narrow, Oak (G. robusta), but work is will cease to be grown. In the Grevillea spp. FHLOP (Syn. G. dallachiana) pointed leaflets to 2.5cm. Large Grevillea arenaria still proceeding to determine the following treatment, some Mountain Grevillea numbers of cylindrical spikes A B C D optimum stock for several others. cultivars included in earlier Grevillea agrifolia A B C of white flowers are borne on Compact, rounded shrub to G. banksii and G. ‘Poorinda Royal editions have been omitted and F H Very variable shrub, from pros- long stems to 4m high in spring. 2.5m high and 3m diameter with Mantle’ are favoured for species new ones that appear to show Tall, rounded shrub to 5m high trate to 2m or more. Slightly Distribution: WA. dull green, oblong leaves to 4cm. that have shown incompatibility promise have been added. Almost with broadly obovate grey-green hairy leaves also variable, from Propagation From cuttings or Flowers are green or red, hairy, with Silky Oak. all species are worth trying, leaves to about 12cm, often linear to almost round. Flowers grafted onto resistant rootstock with a red or green style, and To see a huge collection of however, even if they are not with small marginal teeth. The are in semi-erect or pendulous (difficult to date). borne in few-flowered clusters for grevilleas in cultivation, The included here. pendent flower clusters, about terminal clusters. They may Cultivation Performs well in most of the year. A yellow form Grevillea Park at Bulli on the The recommended planting 6cm long, are borne in the leaf be yellow, red, yellow and red, Perth and some drier regions. is also known. Two sub-species

— 3 4 0 — — 3 4 1 — S h r u b s G r e v i l l e a are recognised. Distribution: Grevillea aspera Propagation From cuttings. Grevillea aurea of cream and red forms provides NSW. Flinders Range Grevillea Cultivation Very hardy. (G. sp. aff. angulata) interesting contrast. Low-growing Propagation From cuttings. A C H Good foliage plant, and useful F H forms in both cream and red Cultivation One of the hardiest Compact shrub to 1m (taller as cut flower. Fast growing. Tall, open shrub to 4m high by have been used very effectively species. Grows in almost any forms known in the field). Leaves HLOQU 2m across. Soft holly-shaped in Brisbane gardens as rockery or garden situation in subtropical are oblong, to 8cm. Flowers in a leaves to 8cm. Reddish new bank plants. A totally prostrate or temperate areas. Good tight pendent cluster, cream and growth. Drooping racemes form with smaller leaves is sold screen plant. Yellow form is red, occur in spring. of yellow flowers fading to as G. ‘Ruby Red’. (See p. 110) less vigorous but much more Distribution: SA, WA. orange-red on aging. This form LOPWZ attractive. HOU Propagation From cuttings. was included in G. angulata. Cultivation Not common in Distribution: NT. Grevillea barklyana cultivation, but successful in most Propagation From cuttings. Gully Grevillea temperate areas of the eastern Cultivation Outstanding shrub. A B C States. Good drainage important. Grown successfully in Darwin, Large, tapered shrub or small tree The form from Gawler Ranges, Brisbane, and at the Australian to 8m. Light green, lobed leaves with broader greyish foliage, is National Botanic Gardens where to 20cm. Pink toothbrush-type more floriferous and flowers for a rooted cuttings flowered in 12 flower spikes appear in late winter longer period than other forms. It months in the glasshouse. Good and spring. Distribution: Vic. is said to sucker. HOP drainage and warm situation Propagation From cuttings. recommended. Very frost tender. Cultivation Good fast-growing LPZ screen plant; accepts reasonably heavy shade. FHOQU Grevillea banksii Banks’ Grevillea Grevillea baueri B D E F G ssp. asperula Well-branched shrub to 3m A B C high by 2m diameter with dark Straggling, upright shrub to 1.5m Grevillea beadleana 1cm green, pinnate leaves to 15cm. high by 1m across. Leaves are Cylindrical flower spikes to 18cm oblong, rough and slightly hairy, 1986 after its rediscovery in 1982. are bright red; cream forms also to 2.5cm. Red flowers in erect Shows great potential as an orna- exist. Flowers most of the year. clusters appear in late winter mental and has made its way into Distribution: Qld. and spring. Distribution: NSW nurseries. Foliage is decorative This description matches the (Budawang Range). and the dark flowers contrast well. Grevillea asteriscosa forms in common cultivation, Propagation From cuttings. Frost hardy and also does well on Grevillea aspleniifolia which are of uncertain origin. Cultivation Hardy for temperate humid east coast, where it grows Grevillea asparagoides Grevillea asteriscosa The red-flowered form is some- areas. Needs full sun and well- rapidly. HLOU Grevillea aspleniifolia A G times referred to as G. banksii drained soil. Prune regularly in Conservation Status Endangered. Grevillea asparagoides A B C D Upright or spreading, rigid shrub var. forsteri, but the name has early summer to prevent woody A G Handsome spreading shrub to 3m to 2m high. Prickly, star-shaped, no botanical status. Other forms appearance at base. Old flowers Grevillea beardiana Erect, intricately branched shrub high by 4m wide. Linear leaves, sessile leaves to 2cm. Bright red known in the field include a low, tend to blacken on aging. HO Red Combs to 1m or sometimes taller. rarely toothed, to 25cm. Red clustered flowers occur in spring. sprawling, often prostrate shrub, A G Prickly, divided leaves are about toothbrush-type flowers occur Distribution: WA. rarely exceeding 1m, and a tall Grevillea beadleana Spreading shrub to 60cm tall by 80cm 3.5cm long. Bright red flowers for most of the year. Propagation From cuttings, shrub 5–9m high. Both have a A B C D across with stiff, pointed, linear leaves are borne in pendulous clusters Distribution: NSW. with difficulty, or grafted onto more restricted flowering period, Dense, spreading shrub reaching to 5cm long. The red flowers are near ends of branches in spring. There was confusion for many resistant rootstock. concentrated in spring. 1.5m by 2.5m in most situa- borne in terminal, mostly pendulous Distribution: WA. years between this species and Cultivation Rare in cultivation. Propagation From cuttings or tions. Softly textured grey-green clusters. Distribution: WA. Propagation From cuttings or G. longifolia, which has more Grown in Sydney with limited seed, if known to be of non-hybrid leaves are much divided and up Propagation From cuttings, or grafting onto resistant rootstock. evenly and deeply toothed leaves, success. Grafted plants preferred origin. to 12cm long. Dark red, almost grafted onto G. robusta rootstock. Cultivation Grows well on sand and branchlets angular in cross- on the east coast. Interesting Cultivation Very hardy and black, toothbrush-type flowers are Cultivation Only recently in Perth. Should be grafted for section. G. longifolia is far more foliage plant. Some excellent old rewarding in frost-free areas. seen for a large part of the year. cultivated. Very well displayed use on the east coast. Good bird commonly cultivated, but still is specimens on their own roots Thrives in a sunny position in Distribution: NSW (very rare). flowers; good bird attractor. Grow attractor and a prickly screen. frequently incorrectly named as at Myall Park Botanic Garden, most coastal soils. Excellent Propagation From cuttings. in full sun in well-drained rockery. LOU G. aspleniifolia. Glenmorgan, Qld. HLOPU specimen plant. A mixed planting Cultivation Named only in OP

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tive foliage. Sprawling forms may attractive; flowers bring honey- flower size and differs in minor Grevillea ‘Canberra Gem’ be used as rockery feature. Used eaters, as the name implies. botanical details. Grevillea (Syn. G. ‘Pink Pearl’) as parent in many well-known HLOPUZ acerata from Gibraltar Range, A C hybrids. HLOP NSW is also similar. HQ A hybrid between forms Grevillea brachystylis of G. ros­marinifolia and Grevillea ‘Bon Accord’ A G Grevillea caleyi G. juniperina, this hardy plant A B C D Sparsely branched, erect or Caley’s Grevillea forms a dense, rounded shrub, spreading shrub to 60cm. Broadly A B C D 2m by 2m. Registered cultivar. linear or narrow-oblanceolate Broad, spreading shrub to 3m Flowers, in heavy-textured, leaves vary in length, 5–9cm. high by 4m across, rarely dense, pendent clusters, are waxy pink Small, slightly pendulous umbel- with hairy, pinnate leaves to and red. G. ‘Glen Sandra’ is like racemes of flowers are borne 12cm. Young tips are pink. probably synonymous. HOU terminally, on short branches, Red toothbrush-type flowers for much of the year. They are occur in late winter to summer. Grevillea candelabroides bright red and the very short Distribution: NSW. A G style is tipped with a red or blue Propagation From cuttings. Rounded shrub to 4m with large, Grevillea ‘Billy Bonkers’ stigmatic disc. The form with Cultivation Beautiful foliage grey, pinnate leaves to 20cm long the blue stigma is G. b. ssp. plant. Prune regularly to maintain with terete segments. Profuse Grevillea ‘Billy Bonkers’ australis. Distribution: WA. more compact shape. Needs well- branching racemes, to 6cm long, B D G Propagation From cuttings or Grevillea bracteosa, showing the drained soil. Accepts some shade. of scented cream flowers held Hybrid between G. nana ssp. grafted onto resistant rootstock. bracts at the base of the flower HLOPQU conspicuously above foliage in abbreviata and G. ‘Sid Cadwell’ Grevillea ‘Bon Accord’ Cultivation Brilliant red flowers clusters Conservation Status Endangered. summer. Distribution: WA. forming a spreading shrub about are showy. Excellent drainage Propagation From cuttings, with 1.5m high by 2–3m across. It This handsome cultivar, a hybrid and sunny position are essential, Grevillea buxifolia Grevillea ‘Caloundra Gem’ difficulty; from seed from wild has bright green divided leaves between G. wilsonii and G. but even when these conditions Grey Spider Flower D E source or grafted onto resistant and pendent racemes of pink johnsonii, forms an erect shrub to are met it is short-lived on the A B C D A hybrid between the red rootstock. flowers. Plants available as grafted about 1.5m high by 1.5m across. humid east coast. Grafted plants Open, rounded shrub to 1.5m. garden form of G. banksii and Cultivation Grafted plants are specimens should be hardy in most It has slightly prickly, bright green, are preferred. Rockery conditions Leaves are hairy, oblong, to 2cm. G. whiteana, this shrub reaches growing well in the eastern States, areas of temperate and subtropical divided leaves with linear-terete or container culture probably suit Bears erect clusters of woolly grey 3–4m high and has pink flowers but it is also growing well on its Australia. A product of the same segments. Brilliant red, spidery it best. A prostrate form is also in flowers for most of the year. Two with creamy white styles. Flowers own roots in King’s Park, Perth, cross sold as G. ‘Lana Maree’ flowers are borne in erect racemes cultivation. The blue-style form is subspecies recognised, varying in keep well and may have potential in an open, warm position. Good is taller, reaching 1.5–2m with in late winter to early summer. generally hardier. S small flower details. for the cut flower trade. Most drainage essential. LU a spread of 3m, and producing Plants available commercially are Conservation Status G. b. ssp. Distribution: NSW. soils are suitable and full sun is prolific cerise flowers. ? HO grafted. Full sun and reasonable australis is considered Vulnerable. Propagation From cuttings. recommended. LOQ Grevillea capitellata drainage suggested. Excellent Cultivation Reliable in well- A B C D Grevillea bipinnatifida plant. G. ‘Bonfire’ is probably Grevillea bracteosa drained, sunny position. Unique Low spreading plant to 50cm high Fuchsia Grevillea synonymous. HLOP A G flowers provide interest for long by 70cm across. Thickly textured, A G Open shrub to 1.5m high by period. Tip-prune from an early oblong leaves are up 8cm long. Sprawling or sometimes upright Grevillea 1.5m across with narrow-linear age to maintain compact shape. Dark red pendent clusters of plant to 1m high. Spreading forms ‘Boongala Spinebill’ leaves to 8cm long. Occasionally, The related G. sphacelata is flowers are borne terminally on may reach 1.5m across. Prickly, A B C divided leaves are found. Terminal generally smaller in shrub and short stalks at the end of winter bipinnate leaves to 20cm. A form Probably a hybrid between pink or rarely white flower clus- and early spring. with blue-green leaves is often G. bipinnatifida and G. caleyi, ters are shielded by conspicuous Distribution: NSW. seen. Large, red, pendulous tooth- this cultivar forms a spreading bracts until they open. Flowers Propagation From cuttings. brush-type flower spikes to 20cm, shrub to 2m high by 4m across. are seen for much of the year. Cultivation Hardy. May be used often less, occur in winter and The toothed leaves are up to Two subspecies are recognised. as tall ground cover in full sun in especially in spring. Two subspecies 12cm long and the red flowers are Distribution: WA. well-drained situation. H are recognised. Distribution: WA. borne in toothbrush-like racemes Propagation From cuttings or Propagation From cuttings or most of the year. grafted onto resistant rootstock. Grevillea chrysophaea 1cm grafted onto G. robusta. Propagation Must be from Cultivation Unusual; best grafted Golden Grevillea Cultivation Requires good cuttings. when used on the east coast. A B C drainage but otherwise hardy. Cultivation Hardy, even on Regular pruning improves the Rounded, open shrub to 1m high Long flowering, with very attrac- humid east coast. Foliage is shape. H Grevillea buxifolia Grevillea ‘Caloundra Gem’ by 1m across (sometimes larger,

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Propagation Must be from Grevillea crithmifolia Three subspecies are recognised. cuttings. A G Distribution: NSW. Cultivation Reliable in both Compact shrub to 2m high by Propagation From cuttings. temperate and tropical areas 2m wide. Low-growing forms Cultivation Variable in habit and resistant to salt winds. also in cultivation. Light green and leaf form but always charac- HOUWZ leaves to 2.5cm long are divided terised by very deep red, pendu- at the end into three narrow lous flower clusters. Selected Grevillea commutata segments. Dense clusters of white forms are very floriferous. Good (Syn. G. hakeoides ssp. commutata) or pink flowers occur in spring. plant for a high rockery where A G Distribution: WA. the flowers under the bush are Spreading shrub to 2m high by Propagation From cuttings. visible. Very hardy and reliable 3m across. Leaves to 8cm long are Cultivation In cultivation in in sunny positions in most soils. variable, usually entire but occa- Sydney has reached 3m by 3m, G. d. ssp. filipendula holds its sionally divided. Dense terminal but this appears unusual. Useful flowers on slender stalks more clusters of white flowers occur as screen plant. Very hardy in than 2cm long. HL in late winter and spring. Plants most conditions. Pink-flowered with mainly divided leaves are forms are especially attractive. Grevillea diminuta referred to as G. c. ssp. pinnati- HLU A B C Grevillea chrysophaea secta. Distribution: WA. Spreading shrub to 1m high, Propagation From cuttings. Has Grevillea Grevillea decora usually less, by 1m diameter occasionally even prostrate), and been successfully grafted onto ‘Crosbie Morrison’ with elliptical leaves to 2cm. oblong to ovate leaves to 3cm. G. robusta. A C Grevillea decurrens Needs good drainage and full Flowers are in pendulous clus- Leaves are hairy on the underside. Cultivation Vigorous, fast Hybrid between G. lanigera and D E F sun. HS ters, rusty red in colour, and Flowers are in semi-erect clusters, growing. Needs full sun or half G. lavandulacea forming low, Tall, slender shrub to 4m high. appear in spring. Distribution: very woolly, green to gold, and shade and grows in most soils. spreading shrub to 1.5m high by Grey-green, pinnate leaves are up Grevillea dielsiana ACT, NSW. occur in late winter and spring. HL 2m across with arching branches. to 30cm long with broad linear A B C G Propagation From cuttings. Distribution: Vic. Grey-green leaves are linear, segments tapering to the mid-rib. Erect, much-branched shrub Cultivation Very hardy in Propagation From cuttings of Grevillea ‘Copper Rocket’ 1.5cm long. Red and white flowers Pendulous pink flowers are borne to 1.5m high by 1m wide with Canberra. Useful low shrub with best colour forms. A B C are borne in spidery clusters from in the upper axils from late divided, terete, prickly foliage. neat foliage. Accepts well-drained Cultivation Golden forms are Erect shrub that may reach 3m late winter to early summer. summer to autumn. It has large, Pendulous clusters of red or sunny or shaded position. outstanding. Hardy in well- high by 2m across. One parent is Propagation From cuttings. globular, woody fruits to 3cm orange-yellow flowers occur FHLO drained, sunny position in probably G. barklyana. Leaves are Cultivation Hardy for temperate diameter. Distribution: WA, NT. in spring and early summer. temperate areas. HO broadly oblong with 5–9 pointed areas. Accepts some shade. Propagation From seed. Distribution: WA. Grevillea dimorpha lobes. Young growth is coppery HO Cultivation Has grown and Propagation From cuttings or (Syn. G. oleoides ssp. dimorpha, Grevillea in colour. Pink toothbrush-type flowered well on its own roots grafted onto resistant rootstock. G. speciosa ssp. dimorpha) ‘Clearview David’ flowers are seen in spring and Grevillea decora for many years at Coffs Harbour. Cultivation Performs well on Flame Grevillea A B C summer. Possibly useful as screen (Syn. G. goodii ssp. decora) Prefers warm, well-drained site. its own roots in the eastern A B C Registered hybrid between plant. LOU D E H LOZ States, but not commonly G. rosmarinifolia and G. lavan- Erect shrub to 5m high, some- grown. Outstanding shrub dulacea (Victor Harbour). Erect Grevillea coriacea times spreading, with elliptical Grevillea depauperata with attractive foliage. Orange- plant that may reach 2.5m high. D H leaves to 15cm, usually less. (Syn. G. brownii) yellow form is particularly good. Reddish spider flowers are profuse Tall shrub to 6m but may form Erect clusters of red flowers in a A G Well-drained, sunny position in late winter and spring. HOU small tree. Linear, leathery leaves simple or branched spray occur in Rounded, spreading shrub to recommended. HLOP to 25cm. Terminal branching winter. A subspecies with smaller 60cm by 1m across or occasion- Grevillea ‘Coastal Glow’ inflorescences of creamy white flowers and fruits is recognised. ally prostrate, with ovate leaves Grevillea diffusa (Syn. G. ‘Frampton’s Hybrid’) flowers appear from June to Distribution: Qld. to 2cm. Red or orange semi-erect ssp. diffusa A B C D August. Distribution: Qld (in Propagation From cuttings. flowers in clusters occur for most B C Hybrid between G. macleayana open woodland). Cultivation Needs well-drained, of the year. Distribution: WA. Spreading or erect, variable and either G. longifolia or Propagation From seed. sunny position. Succeeds in Propagation From cuttings or shrub to 1m. Leaves are linear G. aspleniifolia, forming rounded Cultivation Seen growing well Brisbane and Townsville but may grafted onto resistant rootstock. to oblong, 3–7cm long. Dark shrub about 3m high, with oblong in Brisbane and Atherton. Hardy be unreliable further south. Frost Cultivation Not common in red flowers in pendulous clus- leaves and deep pink toothbrush- in full sun. No special soil tender. cultivation, but good specimens ters on stalks less than 1.5cm type flowers. requirement. LZ LOZ seen in most east coast centres. long occur in winter to spring. Grevillea dimorpha

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Rounded shrub to 1m high by Cultivation Grafted plants grow Cultivation Rarely cultivated in Grevillea excelsior grafted onto G. robusta are 1m diameter. Dark green leaves well on the east coast. Unusual the eastern States, where it is best (Syn. G. eriostachya ssp. excelsior) successful on the east coast. to 10cm are linear to elliptical. plant, worth a spot in a rockery grafted. Does well in King’s Park, Orange Flame Grevillea Usually sold as G. ‘Ellendale’ or Bright red flower clusters in leaf where its long flowering stems Perth, in well-drained, sunny site. G H G. ‘Ellendale Pool’. LOP axils appear in winter and spring. can trail over rocks. Full sun H Erect shrub to 5m with almost Distribution: Vic, SA. recommended. conical shape. Finely divided, Grevillea ‘Firesprite’ Propagation From cuttings. Conservation Status Both Grevillea eryngioides pinnate leaves are up to 30cm B D E Cultivation Reliable, long- subspecies are considered A G long. Orange toothbrush-type A hybrid between G. venusta flowering for temperate areas Endangered. Strange suckering plant, with flowers, to 20cm long, are borne and G. longistyla, this vigorous in well-drained, sunny or partly leafy portion rarely exceeding prolifically in spring. shrub reaches 4m by 4m with shaded position. HOP 30cm high and flowering stems to Distribution: WA. divided leaves and coppery 1cm 2m high. Silvery grey leaves are Propagation From seed or new growth. Brilliant red erect divided and mostly about 15cm cuttings, with difficulty. flowers are borne in cylindrical long. Branched flower spike is Cultivation This beautiful terminal spikes for much of 1cm leafless, bearing cylindrical flower shrub has proved very difficult the year. Very useful, colourful heads of purplish brown, about in cultivation and to date screen plant for warm areas. Grevillea dryandri 9cm long. Distribution: WA. grafting has not been successful. LOU Propagation From cuttings, seed Propagation From cuttings or A well-drained, sunny site is from wild source or grafted onto suckers. recommended. LOP resistant rootstock. Cultivation Requires excellent Cultivation Grafted plants drainage and full sun. Foliage Grevillea fililoba preferred. Does well on its own and odd growth habit are main (Syn. G. thelemanniana ssp. fililoba, roots in inland areas and on features. Grafted plants are in G. ‘Ellendale’, G. ‘Ellendale Pool’) sandy soils in tropical areas. Grevillea endlicheriana cultivation. Ellendale Pool Grevillea Requires dry, warm, well-drained L A B C D G position. Beautiful ground cover Grevillea endlicheriana Low compact or spreading or rockery plant. LOPZ Spindly Grevillea Grevillea evansiana shrub, rarely exceeding 1m in Grevillea ‘Dot Brown’ A B C G (Syn. G. diffusa ssp. evansiana) cultivation. Pinnate leaves are Grevillea dryandroides Rounded base with flowering A B C about 4cm long. Bright pink Grevillea ‘Dot Brown’ Phalanx Grevillea canes reaching 2.5m and glau- Low spreading shrub to 1m high flowers are borne terminally in D E A G cous, linear leaves to 10cm. by 1.5m across with narrow- slightly pendulous clusters in This cultivar is a hybrid between Low-growing, suckering shrub Erect clusters of white flowers on elliptical leaves to 3cm. Pendulous spring. Distribution: WA. the red form of G. banksii and G. to 30cm high with long pros- extended, leafy stem occur most clusters of dark red, almost black Propagation From cuttings or pteridifolia, forming a rounded trate stems bearing the flowers. of the year. Distribution: WA. flowers are produced in late grafted onto resistant rootstock. shrub to 2m high with pinnate Leaves are pinnate, grey-green Propagation From cuttings or winter and spring. Pale forms are Cultivation Lovely shrub now leaves and long cylindrical and mostly 10–12cm long. grafted onto resistant rootstock. also known. Distribution: NSW. commonly available. Plants Grevillea fililoba racemes of red flowers with gold Toothbrush-type flowers, pink or Cultivation Unusual habit but Propagation From cuttings. styles. Flowering peaks in winter red and quite hairy, are seen from not particularly showy. Hardy Cultivation Hardy in most and spring. O winter to summer. Two subspecies in most soils. Requires sunny situations but of little are recognised. Distribution: WA. position. H ornamental value. H Grevillea dryandri Propagation From cuttings or Conservation Status Vulnerable. Dryander’s Grevillea grafted onto G. robusta. Grevillea eriostachya D E F H Yellow Flame Grevillea Grevillea Low spreading shrub, 70cm A G H ‘Evelyn’s Coronet’ high and 2m across, with finely 1cm Straggly shrub to 2m with narrow, A B C D divided grey-green leaves to divided grey-green leaves to 20cm. Registered hybrid between 20cm. Pink, red or rarely white Yellow toothbrush-type flowers G. buxifolia ssp. buxifolia and toothbrush-type flowers to are produced on sparsely leafy G. lavandulacea, an erect plant 30cm on long, branching stems stems above the shrub in spring. reaching 2m high by 1.7m across occur in autumn and winter. 2cm Distribution: WA, SA, NT. and bearing woolly, pink, terminal Two subspecies are recognised. Propagation From cuttings, with spider flowers. It is hardy in both Distribution: WA, NT, Qld difficulty, seed from wild source subtropics and temperate areas. Grevillea dryandroides Grevillea ‘Firesprite’ (northern areas). or grafted onto G. ‘Moonlight’. H

— 3 4 8 — — 3 4 9 — A c a c i a CHAPTER 13 2. Spread 5. Leaf Drop Especially where nature strips are narrow, this factor It is desirable that leaf drop be kept to a minimum is critical to avoid blocking either road or footpath. or, if it does occur, that it be concentrated into a Pruning can be used to correct poor selection short period. The value of deciduous exotics has also in terms of either height or spread, but this is to be considered here, particularly in cooler climates, Trees most undesirable from the point of view of plant where their leaf colour is a feature in autumn and performance and economics. sun can penetrate their branches in winter.

3. Root Formation 6. Fruit Drop Imagine a world without trees! Species with vigorous and spreading surface root It is generally undesirable for street trees to have systems must be avoided. They will break up succulent fruit that may be trampled underfoot. In a They are vital to almost every landscape, natural or contrived. Without them we have footpaths and roads or make home gardens few instances where fruit is particularly attractive I concrete jungles, deserts and tundras—none of them pleasant places. unworkable. have ignored this factor; where such trees are used, position them so that they not overhang the footpath. Trees provide shelter from the wind, shade from the sun and a softness that contrasts 4. Resistance to Pests and Diseases with the hard lines of buildings. They attract birds and, like shrubs, provide nesting Local councils do not want to be involved in 7. Branch Strength places, but usually for different species. The colourful parrots so well represented in expensive programmes of pest or disease control. Trees known to have a tendency to drop branches in Australia feed on their fruits and often nest in hollows of old eucalypts. Street trees should, therefore, be hardy and resistant. strong winds should be avoided. For the purposes of this book, a tree is considered as a woody plant usually taller than 6 metres and usually, although not always, having a single trunk. Abrophyllum ornans areas. Attractive foliage. Full ROUSSEACEAE sun and good drainage essential. (ESCALLONIACEAE) Timber is used extensively for B D E the mulga wood ornaments sold Feature Trees spread. Such specialised gardens require a thorough Tall shrub or small tree to 8m. as Australiana souvenirs. Seeds Trees can be used as features in gardens and parks, knowledge of plant material, however; without it they Leaves are elliptical, to 20cm, are harvested for use in cooking. visual emphasis usually being placed on form, are doomed to failure. toothed towards tips and paler HL£ bark characteristics or foliage type. In some cases below. Sprays of small yellow flowers or fruits are the focus of attention. Bark is a spring flowers are insignificant. Acacia auriculiformis particularly important consideration in their selection, Street Trees Ovoid black fruits are about Ear-pod Wattle and many Australian trees have outstanding bark Many gardeners, often with local council encourage- 1cm long. Two varieties are D E F characteristics, noted in the species descriptions. ment, are keen to beautify the streetscape by planting recognised. Medium to tall tree to 25m. The Australian flora is rich in trees, with trees. All too often, however, insufficient thought goes Distribution: NSW, Qld. Phyllodes slightly falcate, to the genus Eucalyptus being dominant in most into their selection. Propagation From cuttings. 16cm. Golden flowers in rods in environments. The rainforest trees are not as well In the species descriptions below, the symbol Cultivation Good foliage plant autumn. Distribution: NT, Qld, known, but form an important group which has great Y has been given to trees that have been, or have for shaded, frost-free area. PNG, Indonesia. horticultural application in most coastal climates. potential to be, used as street trees. A ? Y rating Useful indoor plant when young. Propagation From scarified seed. indicates that further trials are necessary before their Keep well pruned. Needs well- Cultivation Hardy. Short but ultimate use can be evaluated. composted soil. FLSZ spectacular flowering season. Habitat Creation The criteria for allocating a Y rating include: Accepts salt spray. WZ There is a tendency to overplant in many new Acacia Acacia aneura gardens, without fully considering the ultimate Fabaceae (Mimosaceae) Acacia baileyana size of the tree. This is to be avoided if a tree’s full 1. Height in Cultivation See note on genus, p. 233. autumn or other times, depending Cootamundra Wattle potential is to be realised. On the other hand, if the This is obviously very important where street trees on rain. The mulga-complex is A B C gardener wants to create a special effect by simulating have to be positioned under powerlines. Taller Acacia aneura the subject of a joint DNA study Small tree or large shrub to 8m a particular habitat, then close planting is excusable trees can be considered where powerlines are not Mulga at the herbaria in Perth and high by 8m across. Bipinnate and, in fact, commendable. In this context, special a concern, but care is still required to avoid trees H Canberra, and changes can be leaves to 4cm are grey, with linear mention should be made of a private garden near that may affect nearby houses and gardens. I do not Small tree or large shrub to 7m expected. Currently ten varieties leaflets. Profuse gold ball-shaped Ipswich, Qld, owned by Lloyd Bird. Here, in a most believe that one can specify an optimum height for high by 7m across, often multi- are recognised. Distribution: Qld, flowers occur in late winter. Pods unlikely environment, a very successful attempt a street tree but consideration of height, and thus stemmed. Phyllodes are narrow NSW, SA, WA, NT. are bluish when young. was made to establish a rainforest. His enthusiasm knowledge of performance of a species in a particular to broad-linear, greyish, to 10cm. Propagation From scarified seed. A form with purplish leaves that infected neighbouring gardeners and the rainforest area, is critical. Rod-like yellow flowers occur in Cultivation Hardy in drier has been known as

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A. b. var. purpurea is in with phyllodes to 12cm by 1–3cm branches and more or less with the lower margin more cultivation; and another with wide, usually 2-veined. Bears elliptical phyllodes to 8cm long, or less straight, to 16cm long. yellowish tips. Distribution: NSW cream ball-shaped flowers in blue-grey when young. Racemes Rod-shaped bright yellow flowers (naturalised in Qld, ACT, Vic, spring. Distribution: Qld, NSW. of lemon yellow ball-shaped are borne in pairs in the upper SA, WA). Propagation From scarified seed. flowers are seen from late spring. leaf axils from late winter to early Propagation From scarified seed Cultivation Hardy in most well- Distribution: Vic (rare). spring. Distribution: NSW, Qld. or cuttings of fancy foliage types. watered situations. Needs full Propagation From scarified seed. Propagation From scarified seed. Cultivation Very hardy in sunny sun or part shade. Dense shade Cultivation Hardy in temperate Cultivation Hardy and fast situation. Suited to most soils. tree. Used as fast-growing shelter areas in full sun. Very cold growing for coastal districts. May be Flowers sporadically in subtropical tree in contrived rainforest tolerant. Attractive foliage. used as screen or shelter for younger areas, profusely in southern areas. at the Australian National Tolerant of alkaline soils. HL plants. Most soils are satisfactory; Good fast-growing screen plant. Botanic Gardens. Flowers are Conservation Status Vulnerable. full sun recommended. U Purple foliage form is useful insignificant. HU foliage contrast. Prostrate form Acacia cheelii Acacia dealbata also available. HLU Acacia binervia Motherumbah Silver Wattle (Syn. A. glaucescens) A B C A B C D Acacia bakeri Coastal Myall Small tree or large shrub to 8m Variable, from multi-stemmed Marblewood B D with dense foliage and linear- shrub-like specimens of 8m to Acacia fimbriata D E Medium sized tree to 16m elliptical phyllodes to 18cm. Bears trees 30m high, with greyish green having greener phyllodes with a Tall tree to 40m. Elliptical with rough, fibrous bark. Grey golden rod-like flowers in spring. bipinnate leaves. Bears cream marginal gland 1–2cm from the phyllodes to 9cm and cream ball sickle-shaped phyllodes to 15cm. Distribution: NSW. ball-shaped flowers in spring. base; usually taller and flowers flowers in spring. Distribution: Golden rod-like flowers occur in Propagation From scarified seed. Two subspecies are recognised. later. Distribution: Qld, NSW, Qld, NSW. spring. Distribution: NSW, Vic. Cultivation Requires a well- Distribution: NSW, ACT, Vic, ACT, Vic. Propagation From scarified seed. Propagation From scarified seed. drained, sunny position. Tas (naturalised in SA and WA). Propagation From scarified seed. Cultivation Probably the Cultivation Handsome and fast Handsome screen plant. HU Propagation From scarified seed. Cultivation Hardy in well- tallest of Australia’s wattles. In growing for coastal plantings. Not Cultivation Hardy but drained, sunny situations. H cultivation often slow to move, tested for frost tolerance. Leaves unspectacular. Most soils and but fully developed is too large for said to be poisonous to stock. aspects suitable. A prostrate Acacia fasciculifera average garden. Useful park and LUW form registered as A. d. ‘Kambah Rosewood timber tree. Z Karpet’ is available. H D E Acacia caerulescens Usually reaching about 10m; taller Acacia binervata Buchan Blue Wattle, Acacia decurrens trees have been logged for the hard Acacia elata Two-veined Hickory Limestone Blue Wattle Black Wattle red timber. Leathery, elliptical A B C D A C A B C elliptical. Bears cream ball-shaped phyllodes are to 15cm long and Medium sized, dense tree to 13m, Tree to 15m with blue-grey Erect, medium sized tree to flowers in summer. Distribution: 2–3cm wide. Flowers are yellow 15m with green trunk and dark NSW (naturalised in WA, Vic). balls borne in axillary clusters, green, bipinnate leaves. Very fine Propagation Scarified seed. followed by flat pods to 15cm long. leaflets. Bears golden ball-shaped Cultivation Hardy in well- Distribution: Qld. flowers in spring. Distribution: watered situations. Fast growing. Propagation From scarified seed. NSW (naturalised in Qld, ACT, Used as screen plant in contrived Cultivation Hardy and showy, Vic, SA, WA, Tas). rainforest at the Australian for subtropical and tropical areas. Propagation From scarified seed. National Botanic Gardens. Also Flowers said to possess a sweet Cultivation Hardy in most appears to adapt to tropical perfume different from other situations. Very fast growing conditions. HPUZ wattles. ¢Z but short-lived as result of borer attack. HU Acacia falciformis Acacia fimbriata Acacia concurrens Mountain Hickory (Syn. A. perangusta, A. fimbriata Acacia elata A B C D var. perangusta) Acacia concurrens Cedar Wattle Slender tree to 10m. Phyllodes Fringed Wattle, Curracabah A B C are sickle-shaped, to 20cm. Brisbane Golden Wattle B D Handsome, straight, tall tree to Bears cream ball-shaped flowers A B C D Small tree to 10m, usually less. 20m with dark green, bipinnate in spring and early summer. Small tree or rounded shrub to 7m Acacia binervia Phyllodes obliquely obovate, leaves to 22cm. Leaflets are Differs from related A. falcata by high by 6m across. Phyllodes are

— 5 0 4 — — 5 0 5 — T r e e s A c a c i a narrow-lanceolate, to 4cm, usually yellow in spring. Acacia maidenii ball-shaped flowers occur Acacia papyrocarpa Cultivation Handsome foliage with hairs near the base. Profuse Distribution: Qld, NSW. Maiden’s Wattle in spring and other periods. (Syn. A. sowdenii ) plant for dry areas. Needs yellow ball-shaped flowers occur in Propagation From fresh seed. C D E Distribution: Qld, NSW, ACT, Western Myall full sun. Often defoliated by early spring. Distribution: Qld, NSW. Scarification not necessary. Small, spreading tree to 15m Vic, Tas, SA. G H processionary caterpillars (see Propagation From seed. Cultivation Useful shade tree for with narrow-lanceolate phyllodes Propagation From scarified seed. Tall shrub or spreading tree to Chapter 6, p. 69). LP Cultivation Hardy in most warm climates. Fast growing. Z to 16cm. Cream rod-like flowers Cultivation Hardy shade or 7m with drooping, linear, grey situations. Adequate water occur in summer. Distribution: shelter tree. Most situations phyllodes to 8cm. Bears yellow Acacia podalyriifolia required. Good dense screen Acacia hylonoma Qld, NSW, Vic. suitable. Good timber tree. ball-shaped flowers in spring. Queensland Silver Wattle plant. Dwarf forms are available. D E Propagation From scarified seed. Flowers are not obvious. Very Distribution: SA, WA. Qld. B C D HUZ Medium-sized tree to 15m, Cultivation Hardy in most well- prone to borer attack in warmer Propagation From scarified seed. Tall shrub or small tree to 8m often less in cultivation. Narrow watered situations. Accepts some areas. Tasmanian tree form is Cultivation Handsome plant high by 5m across. Silver-grey Acacia flavescens phyllodes often curved, to 13cm. shade. HZ generally superior. Has become a for dry areas. Performs well in phyllodes, obliquely elliptical, Yellow Wattle Yellow ball-shaped flowers August weed in South Africa HUZ Canberra. Full sun and good to 4cm, with felt-like texture. B D E F to November with several flushes. Acacia mangium drainage recommended. HL Golden ball-shaped flowers occur Medium sized tree to 10m. Ovate, Distribution: Qld. Mangium Acacia obliquinervia in late winter. Distribution: Qld. slightly falcate phyllodes with Propagation From scarified seed. D E F Mountain Hickory Acacia parramattensis NSW, (naturalised in WA, SA). several marginal glands. Cream Cultivation Fast-growing tree for Tall tree with heavy canopy to A B C Sydney Green Wattle Propagation From scarified seed. ball flowers from April to June. quick cover. Attractive in flower. 30m. Large broad phyllodes to Small to medium sized tree to A B C Cultivation Commonly Distribution: Qld. UZ 25cm long. Flowers in lax rods to 15m with grey, oblanceolate Very similar to A. mearnsii but cultivated. Hardy in most well- Propagation From scarified seed. 10cm. Distribution: Qld, PNG, phyllodes to 17cm. Bears yellow flowers in summer. Distribution: drained, sunny situations. In Cultivation Very fast growing Acacia implexa Moluccas. ball-shaped flowers in spring. NSW, ACT. HU Canberra flowers open over for screening. Hardy in most soil Hickory Wattle Propagation From scarified seed. Distribution: NSW, ACT, Vic. several weeks. Very subject to conditions. UZ A B C D Cultivation Outstanding for Propagation From scarified seed. Acacia pendula leaf miner in Sydney but not in Small to medium sized tree to quick shade in tropical areas. Cultivation Hardy in well- Weeping Myall Canberra. (See photograph, p. 72.) 12 m, often suckering, with light Large phyllodes are feature. Good drained soil. Very sensitive to H HLPZ green sickle-shaped phyllodes to for heavy soils. LUZ overwatering. Handsome foliage Usually erect tree to 10m with 20cm. Bears cream ball-shaped plant. HL pendulous branches, occasionally Acacia polystachya flowers in summer. Distribution: Acacia mearnsii spreading, with narrow grey B D E Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic, Tas. (Syn. A. mollissima) phyllodes to 8cm. Yellow ball- Tall tree to 25m in rainforest but Propagation From scarified seed. Black Wattle shaped flowers appear in spring. considerably less in cultivation. Cultivation Very hardy; suitable A B C Distribution: Qld, NSW, Vic, SA. Phyllodes slightly falcate to for bank planting due to suckering Medium sized tree to 10m with Propagation From scarified seed. 17cm. Yellow rod-shaped flowers. habit, which may be accelerated dark green, bipinnate leaves if roots are damaged. Needs full and fine leaflets. Cream ball- sun. Very prone to leaf gall. shaped flowers occur in spring. (See Chapter 6, p. 67.) GH Distribution: NSW, ACT, Vic, Tas, SA. Acacia leucoclada Propagation From scarified seed. ssp. argentifolia Cultivation Very hardy; fast- C D growing in most situations. Medium-sized tree to 20m with Commonly grown overseas. Has glaucous, pinnate leaves. Bears become a weed in South Africa, yellow ball-shaped flowers in where it was the principal source winter. A. l. ssp. leucoclada is of tanning bark. Often short lived Acacia harpophylla smaller and flowers in spring. due to borer attack. HU Distribution: Qld, NSW. Acacia harpophylla Propagation From scarified seed. Acacia melanoxylon Brigalow Cultivation Outstanding foliage Blackwood F H plant. Good off-season flowerer. A B C D Erect or spreading tree to 20m, Suited to most soils; needs sunny Variable; tree reaching 30m in often suckering. Sickle-shaped position for best flowering. Fast deep gullies but may be shrub size grey-green phyllodes to 20cm. growing and tends to sucker. in exposed areas. Phyllodes are Ball-shaped flowers are golden HLPU lanceolate, to 14cm. Cream Acacia pendula Acacia podalyriifolia

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Distribution: Qld. Acacia prominens Acacia pycnantha Propagation From scarified Propagation From scarified seed. Gosford Wattle Australian Golden Wattle seed. Cultivation Good shade tree. A B C D A B C D Cultivation Handsome foliage Resistant to salt spray. Similar to Tall shrub or small tree to 8m, Medium shrub to small tree to plant. Hardy in most soils and A. auriculiformis but with longer often spreading, with lanceolate 10m with bright green, sickle- full sun. Tendency to sucker. seed pods. WZ phyllodes to 6cm. Yellow ball- shaped phyllodes to 14cm. Large Frost tolerance not fully tested. shaped flowers occur in spring. golden ball-shaped flowers occur LZ Distribution: NSW. in spring. Distribution: NSW, Propagation From scarified seed. ACT, Vic, SA (naturalised in Acacia schinoides Cultivation Fast-growing screen WA and Tas). Green Cedar Wattle plant. Accepts shade. Requires Propagation From scarified seed. A B C ample moisture and reasonable Cultivation Australia’s floral Medium sized tree to 16m with drainage. HU emblem. Very showy. Fast bipinnate leaves to 8cm. Bears growing in well-drained, sunny cream ball-shaped flowers in Acacia pruinosa position with ample watering. summer. Distribution: NSW. Frosty Wattle Seeds are harvested for use in Propagation From scarified seed. DH cooking. Has become a weed in Cultivation Fast-growing in well- Small tree to 6m high with red South Africa. HP£ composted soil. Accepts full sun to purplish bark and glaucous or heavy shade. FHU branches. Bipinnate, greyish leaves Acacia salicina are up to 14cm longwith 3–5 sets Cooba Aceratium ferrugineum of pinnae. Golden ball flowers H Elaeocarpaceae are seen in sprays in spring. Spreading tree to 10m with Rusty Carabeen Distribution: Qld, NSW. pendulous habit and narrow- D E Propagation From scarified seed. elliptical phyllodes to 16cm. Small tree to 8m with elliptical Cultivation Handsome; for semi- Bears yellow ball-shaped flowers, leaves to 12cm with rust-coloured Acronychia acidula Acacia prominens arid or sub-tropical areas. Most mostly in summer and winter. hairs on the underside. Rose pink, soils and full sun satisfactory. Distribution: Qld, NSW, Vic, SA, bell-shaped flowers, about 2.5cm Small, often suckering, tree to Prominent fruits make pleasant Frost hardy. HL NT. long, are seen in summer and 10m, taller in the field. Three jam. LVZ£¢ followed by ovoid red fruits, 3cm to five elliptical leaflets, to long. Distribution: Qld. 15cm, are attached at one point Acronychia acronychioides Propagation From cuttings. on the petiole. Bears sprays of White Aspen Cultivation Outstanding small small white flowers in spring. D E tree; deserves more frequent Distribution: Qld, NSW. Small to medium-sized tree with use. Accepts heavy shade or Propagation From cuttings. trifoliate leaves with elliptical semi-shade. Decorative fruits Cultivation Grows well in leaflets about 15cm long. Cream and flowers produced well as far Brisbane; survives in a protected flowers about 1cm diameter in south as Coffs Harbour. Well site in Canberra. Z summer, followed by globular, composted soil recommended. A. yellowish, edible fruits to 1.5cm megalospermum, with pink buds, Acronychia acidula diameter. Distribution: Qld. cream flowers and red fruits, Rutaceae Propagation From seed. is also in limited cultivation.. Lemon Aspen Cultivation Handsome tree; FLPVZ D E attractive foliage. Well-composted Spreading tall tree to 20m. Glossy, soil; accepts some shade. Acmena dark green, elliptical leaves to LVZ£ Myrtaceae 20cm. Fragrant, cream, 4-petalled This genus is now included in flowers in summer are followed by Acronychia imperforata Syzygium. edible, aromatic, greenish cream Logan Apple fruits, about 2cm diameter. D E Acradenia euodiiformis Distribution: Qld. Small, often bushy tree to 9m, (Syn. Bosistoa euodiiformis) Propagation From seed. usually less. Shiny green leaves Acacia pycnantha, the floral Rutaceae Cultivation Forms good shade are elliptical, to 12cm long. Aceratium ferrugineum emblem of Australia D E tree with handsome foliage. Small, cream, star-shaped flowers

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Distribution: Qld, NSW, Vic. Propagation From cuttings. Cultivation Prefers well- composted soil and some shade. Ornamental fruits are borne prolifically. Edible but not palatable. Frost tolerance not tested. Plants known to sucker in cultivation. LV£ Acronychia octandra (Syn. Melicope octandra) Doughwood DE Small to medium sized tree to 15m in cultivation with good spreading crown. Large trifoliolate leaves with elliptical to ovate leaflets, to 20cm. Small white flowers appear in autumn. Distribution: Qld, NSW. Acronychia imperforata Propagation From seed. Cultivation Good park tree; seen in autumn are followed by handsome leaves. Good Acronychia oblongifolia orange-yellow round fruits, about specimen in Royal Botanic 1cm diameter. Gardens, Sydney. LZ Small tree to 9m with shiny, Distribution: Qld, NSW. obovate leaves to 20cm. Leaf Propagation From cuttings, Acronychia pubescens tip is rounded or sometimes which take several months to Hairy Acronychia notched. White summer flowers Adansonia gregorii seen as a street tree, Derby WA root. Difficult from seed. DEF are followed by deeply furrowed Cultivation Handsome screen Small tree to 15m. Dark green, white fruits to 2cm diameter. final position; do not allow to dry plant for areas where salt winds trifoliolate leaves are hairy on Distribution: NSW, Qld. out until established. prevalent. Hardy in tropical and the underside, leaflets mostly Propagation From cuttings. Cultivation Grows well in subtropical areas. Fruits are acid oblong to 20cm long. Creamy Cultivation Handsome small northern areas, quickly at first, but edible. LUWZ£ green, star-shaped flowers tree; ornamental foliage. Prefers then slower. Fine specimen in borne on the previous season’s well-composted soil. Accepts full Darwin Botanic Gardens. Worth Acronychia laevis wood are followed by creamy sun or part shade. LV trying in Brisbane and other Hard Aspen white fragrant fruits about 2cm frost free subtropical areas. In D E diameter. Flowers appear in late Adansonia gregorii recent years mature trees have From Qld and northern NSW. summer at Coffs Harbour, but Malvaceae (Bombacaceae) been transported from northern Similar to A. oblongifolia but with said to be seen at other seasons. Baobab, Boab Australia and transplanted leaves shiny on both sides and Distribution: Qld, NSW. F H successfully in Perth, WA. Large bluish mauve fruits. Suited to Propagation From seed and Tree to 14m with huge, swollen, fruits often carved and sold warm climates. LVZ£ possibly cuttings. bottle-like trunk on aging. as tourist novelties; flesh has Cultivation Useful small tree Deciduous palmate leaves, each sherbet-like tang. PXZ£Y Acronychia oblongifolia for well-drained site. Accepts leaflet to 13cm. Bears large white White Lilly-pilly full sun. May be of value as flowers with fluffy prominent Adenanthera pavonina B D street tree in frost-free areas. anthers and large ball-like fruits Fabaceae (Mimosaceae) Small to medium sized tree to L V ? YZ£¢ to 10cm diameter. Distribution: Red Sandalwood 14m (often less) with obovate WA, NT. E F H 10cm leaves to 10cm. Bears small Acronychia wilcoxiana Propagation From seed or from Spreading tree to 15m with white flowers followed by white Silver Aspen cuttings. Place cuttings of mature semi-deciduous bipinnate leaves fleshy fruits, about 1cm diameter. D E branches up to 30cm diameter in to 25cm. Cream flowers are Adansonia gregorii, showing two different growth forms, flower and fruit

— 5 1 0 — — 5 1 1 — S h r u b s P i m e l e a hardy and when pruned make Coffs Harbour in heavy shade. east, perhaps the main reason for neat shrubs. They will grow in Full sun tends to yellow the their absence there. If Perth is any most soils and enjoy some shade. foliage. Well-composted soil gauge of cultivation requirements, Propagation is from cuttings. recommended. Outstanding excellent drainage and full sun foliage plant. FLZ would be essential. Grafting onto a Phyllanthus cuscutiflorus related genus, such as the reliable Pink Phyllanthus Phyllanthus microcladus Calytrix tetragona, may be one D E (Syn. P. albiflorus, Sauropus albiflorus) way of overcoming difficulties in Tall shrub or small tree reaching B D cultivation. At King’s Park success 5–6m high with shiny pink new Low open shrub to 40cm high by with propagation from seed and growth. Leaves are ovate, to 5cm 40cm across. Leaves ovate-oblong cuttings has been achieved. long. Small pink flowers are borne to 8mm. White or rarely pink in axillary clusters on slender flowers, 6mm diameter, on slender Pileanthus filifolius stems in spring and summer. stalks about 1.5cm long, occur in Summer Coppercups (Photo previous page.) summer. Distribution: NSW, Qld. G Distribution: Qld. Propagation From seed. Slender erect shrub to 1m high by Propagation From seed or Cultivation Excellent small 60cm across with terete leaves to Pileanthus peduncularis Pilidiostigma glabrum cuttings. undershrub for shady position. 1cm. Magenta flowers, 2cm Cultivation Readily grown in Flowers for extended period. Well- diameter, occur in late spring and soil. New growth particularly frost-free areas in well-composted composted soil recommended. A summer. Distribution: WA. Pilidiostigma glabrum attractive. Suitable for areas of soil. Sun or part shade are pink variety also available. FZ Propagation From seed or Myrtaceae low frost risk. FLZ suitable. Flowers and young cuttings. Plum Myrtle growth are features. LZ Phymatocarpus Cultivation Very spectacular in B D E Pimelea Myrtaceae flower. Frost tolerance not tested. Bushy shrub or small tree to 5m Thymelaeaceae Phyllanthus gunnii This small genus of only three high. Glossy elliptical leaves are Rice Flowers (Syn. P. gasstroemii ) species is superficially like Pileanthus limacis up to 10cm long. White or pale There are about 96 species of B D Melaleuca, differing mainly in Phymatocarpus Coastal Coppercups pink open flowers, about 1.5cm Pimelea in Australia with some Erect slender shrub to 2m. Leaves anther structure. porphyrocephalus G diameter, are seen in spring or extending to NZ and islands to are obovate, to 2cm, in two Spreading shrub to 1.5m high summer. Purplish black ellipsoid the north of the continent. Most opposite rows. Flowers are small, Phymatocarpus Distribution: WA. by 2m across with linear leaves fruits are about 12mm long. are small to medium sized woody green, pendent from horizontal maxwellii Propagation From seed or to 7mm. White or pink flowers, Distribution: Qld, NSW. shrubs; some tropical species are branches, and appear in spring. A C G cuttings. 2cm diameter, occur in spring. Propagation From seed or annuals or perennial herbs and Distribution: Qld, NSW, Vic, Erect or spreading shrub to 2.5m Cultivation Needs well-drained, Distribution: WA. cuttings. rarely seen in cultivation. The Tas. high by 1.5m across. Thickly sunny position. Withstands salt Propagation From seed or Cultivation Handsome plant; species with the most horticultural Propagation From cuttings. textured leaves are narrow- spray. Frost tolerance not fully cuttings. grows well in semi-shade value have terminal heads of Cultivation Attractive foliage elliptical to 6mm. Bears flowers tested. W Cultivation Less colourful than and makes good display in flowers, often surrounded by plant. FL in pinkish mauve globular heads, the other species described. Frost flower. Well-composted soil prominent coloured bracts. Flower about 1cm in diameter, in spring. Pileanthus tolerance not tested. recommended. FLUZ colour varies from white and Phyllanthus Distribution: WA. Myrtaceae pink to cream. Requirements for lamprophyllus Propagation From seed or Coppercups Pileanthus peduncularis Pilidiostigma cultivation also vary, with one or (Syn. P. sp. ‘Pascoe River’) cuttings. Eight woody shrubs from Western Coppercups rhytispermum two species offering great resistance Ferny Phyllanthus Cultivation Needs well-drained Australia constitute this small A G D E to successful cultivation. The D E F soil. Tolerates considerable shade. genus. The common name is Rounded or spreading shrub to 1m Open shrub or small tree to 5m beautiful Qualup Bell (P. physodes) Open shrub to 2m with small, Mainly for the collector. FH often generally applied to the high by 1m across with crowded, high by 3m across with elliptical is particularly difficult. Seed of glossy leaves, obliquely elliptical, genus but should particularly linear leaves to 4mm. Profuse leaves to 3.5cm. New growth most species is hard to germinate to about 7mm long. They Phymatocarpus refer to P. peduncularis. They are orange-red flowers, 2cm diameter, is red. White flowers borne in but most are easy to propagate are arranged on short lateral porphyrocephalus rarely seen in cultivation outside appear in spring. Distribution: WA. leaf axils in late winter and from cuttings. branches, about 15cm long, A G Perth, where they are grown very Propagation From seed or spring are followed by succulent giving the appearance of pinnate Rounded shrub to 1m high by successfully on the sandy soils of cuttings. purple fruits, 1cm diameter. Pimelea clavata leaves. Flowers and fruits are 1m across. Small, almost round King’s Park. They are very showy, Cultivation Outstanding Distribution: Qld. A C G insignificant. Distribution: Qld. leaves to 4mm diameter. Globular with vividly coloured, open flowers plant that should be in general Propagation From cuttings. Erect open shrub to 1.5m high Propagation From cuttings. heads of pinkish mauve flowers, to 2cm diameter. Propagating cultivation. Frost tolerance not Cultivation Needs shaded with narrow-elliptical leaves to Cultivation Growing well at 1.3cm diameter, occur in spring. material is rarely available in the tested. P situation in rich, well-composted 4cm. Creamy white flowers in

— 4 5 2 — — 4 5 3 — S h r u b s P i m e l e a small terminal clusters occur differing in the hairiness of the headlands, or slender, erect plant Pimelea physodes in spring to early summer. flowers and leaves. to 60cm high by 30cm across Qualup Bell Distribution: WA. Distribution: WA. in forests or heaths. Leaves are A G Propagation From cuttings. Propagation From cuttings. variable, linear to obovate, to Stiff erect plant to 80cm high, Cultivation Needs well- Cultivation Has been cultivated 2.5cm. Terminal heads of white often sparsely branched. Leaves composted soil in part shade. Fast at Australian National Botanic or rarely pink flowers occur most are elliptical, to 3cm. Bears growing in good conditions. Not Gardens. Good drainage and full of the year. Four subspecies are pendent flower heads enclosed of great horticultural merit. H sun seem to be preferred. Useful recognised. Distribution: Qld, in large oval bracts to 5cm long. as rockery plant or for between NSW, ACT, Vic, Tas, SA. Bracts are cream, streaked with shrubs. The deep pink form is Propagation From cuttings. red or purple, and occur in spring. outstanding. H Cultivation Probably the most Distribution: WA. common Pimelea sp. but not so Propagation From cuttings or Pimelea imbricata often cultivated. Likes well-drained grafted onto hardier species, var. petraea soil and full sun or part shade. possibly P. ferruginea. Pimelea physodes looking up into the flowers. (Syn. P. octophylla ssp. petraea, Keep well pruned to encourage Cultivation Outstanding shrub, P. petraea) branching. Prostrate headland but very difficult to maintain. Cultivation Very attractive for drainage and partial shade A C G form is available and makes Good drainage essential. Has rockery or shrub bed. Needs well- suggested. Performs well in Erect shrub to 50cm high by excellent rockery plant. Suckering flowered in Sydney but died composted soil and semi-shade. Perth. Frost tolerance not tested. 30cm across with hairy, narrow- form found at the Australian after 3–4 years. Has also HL Q ovate leaves to 1.2cm. Bears National Botanic Gardens may flowered in Canberra. Grafted Pimelea spectabilis Pimelea stricta Pimelea ferruginea ‘Magenta Mist’ heads of pale cream flowers, have considerable potential. plants available from specialist some for most of the year. H (W) nurseries. HPQ Banjine (Syn. P. colorans) Distribution: SA. A G A B C Pimelea ferruginea Propagation From cuttings. Pimelea rosea Erect slender plant to 80cm Low shrub to 1m high by (Syn. P. decussata) Cultivation Needs well-drained, Rose Banjine high by 50cm across. Leaves are 60cm across. Leaves are linear- A B C G sunny position. Not as showy as A B C G oblong to lanceolate, to 3cm. lanceolate, to 3.5cm. Flowers in Neat rounded shrub to 1m high other species. H Open slender shrub to 60cm Flowers in large heads, 5cm large heads, white or pale yellow, by 1m across. Leaves are oval, high by 30cm. Leaves are diameter, white to pink and occur in spring. glossy green, to 1.2cm, in two Pimelea ligustrina lanceolate, to 1.5cm, hooked occasionally cream, occur in Distribution: SA, Vic, NSW. pairs of opposite rows. Profuse ssp. ligustrina at the end. Flowers in pink spring. Propagation From cuttings. pink flowers are borne in terminal Tall Rice Flower (occasionally white) terminal Distribution: WA. Cultivation Very attractive. Good heads in spring. A B C D heads occur in spring. Two Propagation From cuttings. drainage essential; needs full sun Distribution: WA. Open shrub to 2m high by subspecies are recognised. Cultivation Not often seen or part shade. Often short lived in Propagation From cuttings. 1.5m across. Leaves elliptical Distribution: WA. in cultivation. Largest flower cultivation. Cultivation Well known in to lanceolate, to 8cm. Heads Pimelea nivea Propagation From cuttings. heads of any Pimelea sp. Good HQ cultivation. Needs well-drained, of white flowers surrounded by Cultivation Reasonably common sunny or partly shaded position. 8–10 bracts appear in summer. Pimelea nivea in cultivation in Sydney and Attractive foliage and compact Three subspecies are recognised. Snowy Pimelea Melbourne. Good drainage and habit make suitable feature Distribution: Qld, NSW, ACT, A B C full sun to part shade required. plant. Deep pink colour forms Vic, Tas, SA. Erect open plant to 1.5m high Handsome little rockery plant or are often sold as P. ‘Bonne Propagation From cuttings. by 1m across. Rounded leaves to for among shrubs. H Petite’ or P. ‘Magenta Mist’. Cultivation Hardy in most 1.5cm are dark green above and HLPQW soils and enjoys heavy shade. silvery below. Stems are covered Pimelea sericea Reasonably fast growing in with white hairs. Terminal heads Silky Pimelea Pimelea imbricata well-composted soil. P. l. ssp. of white flowers occur in summer. A C var. imbricata hypericina, also in cultivation, Distribution: Tas. Low branching shrub to 70cm. (Syn. P. imbricata var. baxteri ) has smaller flower heads Propagation From cuttings. Dark green, broad-elliptical leaves A C G surrounded by four bracts. FH Cultivation Hardy in most soils to 1cm, shiny on top, silvery Erect shrub to 50cm high by and partial shade. Attractive hairs on underside. Terminal 30cm across. Leaves are narrow- Pimelea linifolia foliage. Prune to encourage heads of white or pink flowers ovate, to 1cm. Heads of pale to Slender Rice Flower compact growth. Foliage and occur in late spring and summer. deep pink flowers occur in spring. A B C D G flowers are used in the cut flower Distribution: Tas. Five subspecies are recognised, Variable shrub; prostrate on coastal trade. FHLQ Propagation From cuttings. Pimelea spectabilis

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Pimelea suaveolens soft in texture and to 30cm Distribution: Qld, NSW, Vic. All require excellent drainage and Large, broadly ovate leaves to Scented Banjine diameter. Fingers of minute Propagation From seed or may best be treated as rockery 10cm often redden before falling. A G flowers are borne prolifically from cuttings. plants. Propagation is from Flowers are large, opening in early Erect slender plant to 70cm the leaf axils in late winter and Cultivation Handsome. Hardy cuttings, avoiding mist as the morning and falling by midday. high by 50cm across. Leaves are spring. Distribution: Qld. in most soils but prefers well- hairy leaves tend to rot. King’s Petals are white, but prominent mostly elliptical, to 3cm. Large Propagation From fresh seed, composted soil and full sun to Park, Perth, has reported limited feature is long stamens to 4cm pendent heads of yellow flowers which should be barely covered half shade. Canberra is about its success from seed. that are pink at base. Flowers occur in spring. P. s. ssp. flava and kept moist. limit for frost tolerance. Keep well appear from winter to early has smaller grey leaves. Cultivation Spectacular in shady pruned. Some forms appear to Pityrodia jamesii summer. Succulent ellipsoid fruit, Distribution: WA. spot in well-composted soil. produce larger and more prolific F H giving rise to common name, Propagation From cuttings. Will not tolerate drying out or low fruits. FHLV Erect, stiff shrub to 2m, with is edible and about 9cm long. Cultivation Very dainty. Good temperatures. Possible indoor plant, stems and leaves covered with Distribution: WA, NT, Qld. drainage and partial shade but soil moisture level must remain small hairs. Lanceolate leaves Propagation From cuttings and important. Not easy to maintain high. Satisfactory as far south as sessile, very rough, often sticky, reportedly from seed, which may in cultivation. Frost tolerance Coffs Harbour. FLSZ to 3.5cm long. Flowers white, require scarification. not tested. Q¢ Pittosporum multiflorum tubular, axillary towards end of Cultivation Very common plant, Pittosporum branches, appear at beginning of but neglected in cultivation. Pimelea sylvestris Pittosporaceae soft-tip cuttings. dry season. Distribution: NT. Potential street tree. Adaptable to A G See note on genus, p. 598. Cultivation Very hardy in well- Propagation From cuttings. most soils. LZ£ Erect shrub, variable in height, shaded situation. Most soils are Cultivation Only young 30cm–2m, with elliptical leaves Pittosporum lancifolium suitable; rich, well-composted soil plants seen in cultivation. to 4cm long. Terminal heads of (Syn. Citriobatus lancifolius) gives better growth. Frost hardy. Excellent drainage and full sun white or occasionally pink flowers B D Apparently a food plant of the recommended. Food plant of the are seen in spring. Dense, rounded, spiny shrub Wonga Pigeon. FHLOV£ rare and colourful Leichhardt’s Distribution: WA. or small tree to 4m high by 3m Grasshopper (Petasida Propagation From cuttings. across with dark green, glossy, Pittosporum oreillyanum ephippigera) LZ Cultivation Excellent drainage lanceolate leaves to 2.5cm. B C D in full sun or part shade Branches often end in a spine. Rounded, much-branched, spiny recommended. Not easy on Flowers are cream, about 1cm shrub to 4m high by 2m across the humid east coast, where long, in axils. Fruits are orange, with narrow-ovate leaves to it is probably best grown in a about 1cm diameter. Distribution: 3cm. Bears small cream flowers container. S Qld, NSW. in spring, followed by attractive Propagation From cuttings. yellow-brown fruits with red Piper umbellatum Cultivation Very handsome seeds. Distribution: Qld, NSW. (Syn. P. subpeltatum) foliage plant, fast growing; good Propagation From cuttings. Piperaceae screen plant. Prefers some shade Cultivation Appears hardy in Pittosporum revolutum D E F and well-composted soil. Frost cultivation at Canberra. Enjoys tolerance not tested. FLU shade and rich, well-composted Pityrodia soil. Useful prickly hedge. Lamiaceae (Chloanthaceae) Pittosporum multiflorum Relatively slow growing; faster in In 2011, Pityrodia was revised and Platylobium formosum (Syn. Citriobatus multiflorus) subtropical areas. FHLUV several new genera were assigned Orange Thorn to cover the variation in the B D E Pittosporum revolutum genus. The genera, Dasymalla, Platylobium Stiff, much-branched, spiny shrub Rough-fruited Pittosporum Hemiphora, Muniria and Quoya Fabaceae to 1.5m high by 1.5m diameter. A B D are now recognised with Pityrodia. Flat Peas Small, round, toothed leaves Rounded shrub to 3m high by Pityrodia now consists of 21 Planchonia careya Platylobium is a small genus, to 1.2cm. Bears tubular white 2.5m across with elliptical leaves Western Australian, Northern related to Bossiaea, of nine flowers, 4mm long, followed to 10cm, forming suckers if roots Territory and Queensland species Planchonia careya species of pea-flower all occurring 10cm by edible orange berries to 1cm are damaged. Bears yellow flowers with horticultural potential but Lecythidaceae in eastern Australia. They are diameter, in spring and summer. in terminal clusters in spring. rarely seen in cultivation. They (Barringtoniaceae) small to medium sized shrubs Piper umbellatum Fruits extend into autumn. Fruits are ellipsoid, to 2cm long, are soft-foliaged, semi-herbaceous Cocky Apple with good-sized yellow and red Erect shrub to 1.5m with several Distribution: NSW, Qld. orange with red seeds, and plants with colourful foxglove-like E F H flowers. Only two are known stems. Heart-shaped leaves are Propagation From seed or occur in summer. flowers borne along the stems. Large shrub or small tree to 15m. to be in cultivation; both are

— 4 5 6 — — 4 5 7 — S h r u b s P o d o c a r p u s hardy in most soils and aspects, ‘Robyn’s Bush Posy’ is Distribution: Qld, NT, PNG, Podocarpus lawrencei provided that they are not promoted as a potted plant. south-east Asia. (Syn. P. alpinus) too wet. Propagation is by HS Propagation From seed or Mountain Plum Pine scarified seed. cuttings. A B C D Platysace linearifolia Cultivation Useful for shaded Very variable in size, depending Platylobium formosum A B C situation. Very intolerant of cold on habitat. Low scrambling Handsome Flat Pea Slender branching shrub to 1m conditions. Well-composted loam shrub above the tree-line, or A B C high by 80cm across. Leaves are recommended. tree to 8m in forests. Grey-green Spreading or upright shrub to narrow-linear, to 2.5cm. White LPSVZ leaves, oblong, to 1.5cm. Fruit 1m high (occasionally taller) flowers in slender umbels occur is succulent, red, 5mm long. with heart-shaped leaves to 5cm. in summer. Plumbago zeylanica Male cones are also attractive. Yellow and red pea-flowers occur Distribution: NSW, Qld. Plumbaginaceae Distribution: NSW, ACT, in spring. The form P. f. ssp. Propagation From cuttings. D E F G H Vic, Tas. parviflorum has narrow-ovate Cultivation Hardy in most Straggling shrub to 1m high, Propagation From cuttings. leaves, and intermediates also situations. Very fine leaves and usually resting on surrounding Cultivation Hardy in most occur. (Photo previous page.) slender habit are unusual and shrubs. Leaves are ovate, to situations. Forms vary but Distribution: Qld, NSW. quite appealing. HL 8cm. Flowers to 1.5cm diameter most commonly shrubs to Propagation From scarified seed. are white or pale blue. Calyx is 3m high. Handsome foliage Cultivation Hardy. Common in Pleomele angustifolia covered with stiff, sticky hairs. Podocarpus lawrencei showing plants. Suitable tub plant. cultivation. Some low-growing, (Syn. Dracaena angustifolia) Flowers occur in autumn and its male cones FHLSV£ Platysace lanceolata spreading forms are known and Asparagaceae (Agavaceae ) winter. Distribution: WA, NT, should be encouraged. FH 60cm high. Leaves vary from Native Dracaena Qld, NSW, Africa, Asia, Pacific Is. Podocarpus dispermus round to lanceolate, 1–4cm E F Propagation From cuttings, and D E F Platylobium obtusangulum long. White flowers, sometimes Slender, sparsely branched probably seed. Shapely small conifer to 4m in Common Flat Pea with a pink tinge, in umbels to shrub with long stems to 8m, Cultivation Hardy for frost-free open situation (small tree in A B C 3cm diameter occur in summer. often sprawling among other areas. Tolerates shade or full sun. rainforest). Broad-linear to oblong Slender shrub, spreading or erect, Distribution: Qld, NSW, shrubs or trees of the rainforest. Will trail over rocks. Good leaves to 14cm long by 3cm to 1m high. Leaves are variable, ACT, Vic. Narrow leaves are up to 40cm off-season flowerer. FZ wide. Red fruits to 3cm long. more or less triangular or arrow- Propagation From cuttings. long. Terminal, branching Distribution: Qld. shaped, with 1 or 3 sharp points. Cultivation Hardy in most flower sprays, pale green, to Podocarpus Propagation From seed. Yellow and red pea-flowers situations. Sometimes self-seeds 40cm long, appear in spring and Podocarpaceae Cultivation Grows well at occur in spring. in garden. The cultivar summer. Globular fruits are red. Plum Pines Atherton and Coffs Harbour. Distribution: Vic, Tas, SA. Podocarpus is a large genus of Little known of long-term ♀ ♂ Propagation From scarified seed. conifers with about 94 members, performance. Handsome foliage 1cm Cultivation Keep reasonably dry. largely distributed over the plant. LVZ£ Interesting foliage. HL Southern Hemisphere but with Podocarpus spinulosus some extending to Japan and the Podocarpus drouynianus Platysace Himalayas. In Australia eight Wild Plum, Emu Bush Apiaceae species are recognised, seven of A B D G Podocarpus spinulosus About 25 species of Platysace them being endemic. They are Rounded shrub to 2m high by A B C D are recognised, all endemic to shrubs or trees with handsome 1.5m across. Leaves are greyish Dense rounded shrub to 2m high Australia. They are small to foliage and fleshy fruits. Male green, linear, to 8cm. Fruits are by 1m across, or sometimes a medium woody shrubs with cones and showy female fruits fleshy, plum-coloured, to 2cm small tree. Leaves are light green, umbels of small white flowers. occur on separate plants. The diameter, edible but with little rigid, broad-linear, to 6cm, with They are not commonly timber of the tree species is flavour. Distribution: WA. pointed ends. Blue-black fruits are cultivated and, although generally a useful softwood. Hardy in Propagation From cuttings. about 1cm diameter. hardy, have little to offer the cultivation, they appreciate a well- Cultivation Slow growing and Distribution: Qld, NSW. gardener. They may be propagated composted soil and full sun or shy to fruit, but a good foliage Propagation From cuttings. easily from cuttings. part shade, depending on species. plant. Appreciates considerable Cultivation Hardy; withstands Propagation is easy from cuttings. shade. Harvested from the field salt spray. Good foliage plant. Platysace lanceolata Four of the shrubby species are for its decorative, long-lasting Needs full sun or part shade. A B C dealt with here, tree species in foliage, sold as Emu Bush. Also suitable as tub plant. Variable shrub, usually about Plumbago zeylanica Chapter 13, p. 599. FHLQV£ HLSUVW£

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Podolobium ilicifolium Erect shrub to 3m high by 2m species occurring in Vic, Tas and Propagation From cuttings. (Syn. Oxylobium ilicifolium) across, producing frequent New Zealand. Cultivation Prefers good drainage Fabaceae suckers. Leaves are pinnate, Propagation From cuttings. and full sun. Very showy in Holly-leaf Shaggy Pea bipinnate or tripinnate. Leaflets Cultivation Hardy in shaded flower; pleasing foliage. HL A B C D variable, depending on geographic situations and well-composted location of original; toothed or soil. Keep pruned to maintain entire, linear to ovate, 2–10cm shape. FH long. Bears insignificant green flowers in large sprays. Fruits Pomaderris aurea are succulent, blue, showy, and (Syn. P. humilis) occur in summer. Various leaf Golden Pomaderris forms will eventually be given A B C subspecies status. Distribution: Variable shrub to 3m high, but Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic. often much smaller spreading Propagation From cuttings. plant. Hairy leaves are narrowly Cultivation Very hardy; good ovate to 6cm long and greyish Podolobium ilicifolium foliage plant with attractive fruits. on the underside. Golden yellow Needs well-composted soil; do not flowers are borne in terminal Erect, often straggly shrub to 2m allow to dry out. Enjoys shade. clusters in spring. Prostanthera aspalathoides high by 1m across. Rigid holly- Ferny-leaved forms favoured for Distribution: Vic. like leaves to 4cm. Bears yellow- garden use. Useful container plant. Propagation From cuttings. Prostanthera easy way of distinguishing it from orange pea-flowers in spring. HLQSV Cultivation Low forms make Lamiaceae its close relations Westringia, Distribution: Qld, NSW, Vic. excellent tall ground covers. Mint Bushes Hemigenia and Hemiandra, all Propagation From scarified seed. Pomaderris Reasonable drainage and a little of which have five lobes (see Cultivation Grow in well-drained Rhamnaceae shade are preferred. Spectacular Pomaderris obcordata illustration). The flower is more situation with some shade. Often About 70 species of Pomaderris in flower but flowering period or less trumpet-shaped with a difficult to maintain. Interesting are endemic to Australia, with comparatively short. H Pomaderris obcordata prominent lip characteristic of the foliage. HL several occurring in NZ. They Wedge-leaf Pomaderris family. Flower colour varies from are small to large woody shrubs, Pomaderris elliptica A G white through blues to purple, Polyscias sambucifolius often with large heads of bright A B C Compact, low shrub to 1m and the occasional red-, yellow- (Syn. Tieghemopanax sambucifolius) yellow or creamy white flowers. Erect shrub to 3m high high by 1m across. Tiny leaves and green-flowered species is Araliaceae Generally hardy in cultivation, (sometimes more in the field) to are obcordate, to 1.5cm long. also known. Elderberry Panax they appreciate good drainage 2m across. Leaves are elliptical, Terminal clusters of flowers Some mint bushes, particularly A B C D and full sun to part shade. Some blunt at the tip, to 10cm. are pink in bud opening to P. ovalifolia, have been common species are attractive in flower, Yellow flowers in large heads white or pale yellow in spring. garden plants for many years. while others are of interest mainly occur in spring. Distribution: SA, thought to be 1cm Although they make a fine to the collector. Propagation is Distribution: NSW, Vic, Tas. extinct in Vic. display, they are rarely considered mainly from cuttings. Propagation From cuttings. Propagation From cuttings. reliable. In general, they need Cultivation Prefers good Cultivation Neat foliage. perfect drainage and near to Pomaderris aspera drainage and full sun. Very Partly opened flower heads give Prostanthera nivea (left) and full sun, but even under these (Syn. P. apetala in part) showy in flower; pleasing foliage. showy two-toned effect. Good Westringia blakeana (right), conditions cannot be considered­ Hazel Pomaderris HL drainage and full or part sun showing the 2-lobed calyx of long lived. Grafting onto A B C recommended. L Prostanthera and the 5-lobed Westringia fruticosa rootstock Erect, open, hairy shrub to 3m Pomaderris ferruginea Other species of Pomaderris calyx of Westringia (see p. 43) enables the genus high by 1.5m across. Leaves Rusty Pomaderris may be treated similarly to to be grown in less favourable are ovate and prominently A B C P. elliptica in cultivation: P. A large genus of endemic conditions and increases life 1cm veined, to 13cm. Open plume- Erect shrub to 3m high by 1m andromedifolia (small), P. Australian plants, Prostanthera span. Ungrafted Prostanthera like inflorescence of small, across. Leaves are lanceolate to angustifolia (medium), P. discolor includes about 112 species. They must be repropagated regularly. insignificant greenish flowers elliptical, to 10cm long, with (medium), P. elachophylla are all small to large woody This is not difficult, as they Polyscias sambucifolius occurs in spring. Distribution: rust-coloured hairs on underside. (medium), P. eriocephala shrubs, mostly with aromatic strike very readily from cuttings. form from alpine areas (top), NSW, ACT, Vic. This species was Large heads, to 10cm diameter, (medium), P. lanigera (medium), foliage and a wealth of flowers in Pruning should be carried out fine-leaved form from coastal referred to as P. apetala, which of yellow flowers, occur in spring. P. ligustrina (medium) and P. spring. The calyx of Prostanthera after flowering, throughout the ranges (below) now applies to a very similar Distribution: Qld, NSW, Vic. intermedia (medium). is characterised by two lobes, an life of the plant.

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Prostanthera Prostanthera behriana Prostanthera calycina Prefers relatively dry conditions. marginal leaf coloration, with Propagation From cuttings or aspalathoides Behr’s Mint Bush A C G H HLP¢ some leaves 90 per cent golden. by grafting. Scarlet Mint Bush A C H Low open shrub to 50cm high by Registered cultivar. Cultivation Very difficult to A C G H Erect shrub to 2.5m high. 50cm across. Leaves are rounded HL¢ maintain on own roots. H¢ Rounded shrub to 70cm high by Obovate to narrowly ovate leaves to oblong, to 1cm. Tubular dull 70cm across with linear leaves to 2.5cm long. Flowers in leafy red flowers occur in spring. Prostanthera denticulata Prostanthera hirtula to 6mm. Red tubular flowers sprays appear in spring, each Distribution: SA. Rough Mint Bush A B C (rarely yellow) occur in spring to flower about 2cm long, white to Propagation From cuttings or A B C Erect shrub to 2m high by 1m summer. (Photo previous page.) pale violet with purple streaks by grafting. Spreading straggling shrub to across. Leaves are narrow-ovate, Distribution: NSW, Vic, SA. inside and some brownish spots Cultivation Very difficult to 1m high by 1.5m across. Leaves to 2cm, with rough, slightly Propagation From cuttings on the throat. Distribution: SA. maintain. Not particularly showy. are variable, narrow to almost hairy surface. Bears mauve or by grafting. One of the few Propagation From cuttings or H¢ ovate, 5–15mm, with a rough flowers in spring. Distribution: species not readily compatible by grafting. Conservation Status Vulnerable. surface. Flowers in purple NSW, Vic. with Westringia fruticosa, a Cultivation As for genus. H¢ sprays occur in spring and Propagation From cuttings or problem which can be overcome Prostanthera chlorantha summer. by grafting. with the nurse graft technique Green Mint Bush Distribution: NSW, Vic. Cultivation As for genus. using an intermediate of P. A C G H Propagation From cuttings or H¢ nivea. (See diagram.) Slender open shrub to 60cm by grafting. high by 50cm across. Leaves Cultivation Very unreliable Prostanthera incana Prostanthera cryptandroides are ovate, 1–4mm long. Tubular on own roots in Canberra but Velvet Mint Bush scion greenish flowers occur in spring to performs well on the east coast. A B C scion summer. Distribution: SA. Prostanthera H¢ Erect or spreading shrub to nurse Propagation From cuttings or cryptandroides 1.5m high. Leaves, 9–18mm, graft by grafting. (Syn. P. cryptandroides ssp. Prostanthera discolor are rounded or ovate, hairy euphrasioides) A B C stock Cultivation Of interest mainly with scalloped margin. Flowers stock to collectors. H¢ A C Open shrub from NSW with in terminal spikes, mauve or Bushy shrub to 1m high by 70cm pale violet flowers. H¢ occasionally white, occur in Prostanthera cineolifera across with lobed leaves to 1cm. Conservation Status spring. Distribution: NSW, Vic. A B C Mauve flowers appear in spring. Vulnerable. Propagation From cuttings or Erect shrub to 3m high with Distribution: Qld, NSW. by grafting. narrow-ovate leaves to 5cm. Propagation From cuttings or Prostanthera eurybioides Cultivation Fairly common in Nurse graft technique Mauve flowers in terminal sprays by grafting. Monarto Mint Bush cultivation. Hardier than most appear in spring. Status of this Cultivation Very strongly A C species. H¢ Cultivation Desirable but species is uncertain as it is close aromatic foliage. H¢ Erect open shrub to 1m high more difficult than most to to P. ovalifolia and P. lanceolata. Conservation Status Vulnerable. by 60cm across with very small Prostanthera incisa maintain. Grafting is strongly Distribution: NSW. leaves, variable in shape, to (Syn. P. sieberi) recommended. Yellow and red Propagation From cuttings or by Prostanthera cuneata 2mm. Bears mauve flowers at Cut-leaf Mint Bush forms look well together in a grafting. Alpine Mint Bush ends of branches in spring. A B C rockery. H¢ Prostanthera caerulea Cultivation Very aromatic. A B C Distribution: SA. Rounded shrub to 1.5m high by H¢ Rounded compact bush to 1m Propagation From cuttings or 1.5m across. Highly aromatic Prostanthera baxteri Prostanthera caerulea Conservation Status Vulnerable. high by 1.5m across. Leaves by grafting. leaves are ovate, toothed, to A C G A B C D rounded, to 6mm. White flowers Cultivation As for genus. H¢ 3cm. Bears violet flowers in Erect shrub to 1.3m high Erect, dense shrub to 2.5m high Prostanthera cruciflora with purple and yellow spots in Conservation Status spring. by 80cm across. Leaves are by 1m across. Narrow-ovate C H throat occur in summer. Endangered. Distribution: Qld, NSW, Vic. narrowly ovate to linear, to leaves, to 5cm, have a serrated Rounded compact shrub to 2m Distribution: NSW, ACT, Vic, Propagation From cuttings or 1.5cm. White flowers with a edge. Blue flowers, in terminal high by 60cm across with pale Tas. Prostanthera grylloana by grafting. tinge of blue, and brownish sprays to 10cm, occur in spring. greyish green, ovate leaves to Propagation From cuttings or A C G H Cultivation Reasonably hardy. spots on the inside, are axillary Distribution: NSW. 1.5cm with undulate margins. by grafting. Erect shrub to 80cm high by Strong leaf fragrance is not to and occur in spring and early Propagation From cuttings or Large pale mauve flowers occur in Cultivation Very showy; white 50cm across. Leaves are more everyone’s liking. H¢ summer. Distribution: WA. by grafting. spring. Distribution: NSW. flowers contrast with dark green or less spathulate with curved, Propagation From cuttings or Cultivation Very showy. Propagation From cuttings or leaves. Grows outside on the uneven edges, to 1cm. Flowers Prostanthera lasianthos by grafting. Appreciates some shade. by grafting. west coast of England. P. c. are tubular, dull red, in spring. Victorian Christmas Bush Cultivation As for genus. FH¢ Cultivation Spectacular. ‘Alpine Gold’ has distinct golden Distribution: WA. A B C G

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Prostanthera magnifica to 3cm. Sprays of purple flowers round leaves to 5cm, often finely Prostanthera ringens Magnificent Mint Bush occur in spring and early summer. toothed. Large blue flowers in (Syn. P. leichhardtii ) A G H A plant from Gibraltar Range, terminal sprays occur in spring. Gaping Mint Bush Erect shrub to 1.5m high by 1m NSW, previously thought to be Distribution: NSW. A B C D across. Leaves lanceolate to 2cm. this species, is now considered Propagation From cuttings or Erect bushy shrub to 1.5m high. Pale mauve flowers, subtended to be P. caerulea. Distribution: by grafting. Leaves are oblong, obovate or by large persistent purple calyx, NSW, Vic. Cultivation Enjoys considerable ovate, to 1.5cm. Axillary flowers occur in spring. Distribution: WA. Propagation From cuttings or shade. FH¢ vary from pale blue, green to Propagation From cuttings or by grafting. yellow and occur in spring. by grafting. Cultivation Reasonably hardy. Prostanthera Distribution: Qld, NSW. Cultivation Outstanding, but Very colourful in flower. H¢ ‘Ragged Robin’ Propagation From cuttings or very difficult to maintain on A B C by grafting. its own roots. Slightly frost Prostanthera nivea Said to be a hybrid between Cultivation Relatively hardy. tender. Makes good pot plant. var. induta P. staurophylla and P. ovalifolia, H¢ PSV¢ A B C H this cultivar develops into a shrub Erect compact shrub to 2m high to 3m high. The blue flowers are Prostanthera rotundifolia Prostanthera marifolia by 1m across with silvery grey, produced in spring. H¢ Round-leaf Mint Bush A B C linear leaves, to 3cm. Bears blue Prostanthera ovalifolia A B C Shrub to 60cm high by 40cm flowers in spring. Rounded compact shrub to 2m Prostanthera magnifica, showing across. Leaves are ovate, roughly Distribution: NSW. by grafting. high by 1.5m across. Leaves its prominent calyces hairy, to 1cm. Bluish axillary Propagation From cuttings or Cultivation Most common mint are rounded, often toothed, to flowers appear throughout the by grafting. bush in cultivation. Grafting 1cm. Bears profuse purple, or Variable shrub or small tree, year. This species is very similar Cultivation Outstanding foliage seems to increase life span. occasionally pink, flowers in 2–10m high. Shrub form often to P. densa, which has slightly and feature shrub. Reasonably Outstanding in flower. H¢ spring. has compact habit. Leaves are broader, softly hairy leaves. hardy. HLP¢ Distribution: NSW, Vic, Tas. lanceolate to ovate, to 10cm. Distribution: NSW. Prostanthera phylicifolia Propagation From cuttings or Flowers in terminal sprays, Propagation From cuttings or Prostanthera nivea A B C D by grafting. white, pink or mauve, occur in by grafting. var. nivea Erect shrub to 1.5m high by 1m Cultivation Outstanding summer. Two subspecies are Cultivation It may be P. Snowy Mint Bush across. Leaves are broad-linear, to in flower. Reasonably hardy. recognised in NSW. Distribution: densa that has been noted in A B C H 1.5cm. Axillary flowers, white or HP¢ Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic, Tas. cultivation. HW¢ Open shrub to 3m high by 3m pale violet with yellow spots on the Propagation From cuttings. Conservation Status Both P. across. Leaves are light green, lip, occur in spring. Distribution: Prostanthera rugosa Cultivation Probably most marifolia and P. densa are rare; linear, to 4cm. Flowers, usually Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic. A B C adaptable species. Tolerates the latter is listed as Vulnerable. white, occasionally blue, occur in Propagation From cuttings or Hairy shrub to 1m high heavy shade or full sun. Fast spring. (See illustration, p. 462.) by grafting. (occasionally taller) with ovate growing. Useful as screen plant. Prostanthera megacalyx Distribution: Qld, NSW, Vic. Cultivation Very popular in Prostanthera rhombea leaves to 9mm with toothed P. l. ‘Mint Ice’ has variegated C H Propagation From cuttings or cultivation. H¢ margins. Violet flowers occur in leaves. A pink form is sold as P. Erect, slender shrub to 1m high by grafting. Good species for the Prostanthera rhombea spring. Distribution: NSW. l. ‘Kallista Pink’. FHU¢ by 50cm across with small, novice grafter. Prostanthera A B C Propagation From cuttings or slightly lobed leaves. Very large Cultivation Fast growing; regular ‘Poorinda Ballerina’ Slender wiry shrub to 1m high by grafting. Prostanthera linearis pale violet flowers occur in spring. pruning is vital. Reasonably A B C by 50cm across. Leaves round, Cultivation As for genus. H¢ Narrow-leaved Mint Bush Distribution: Qld. hardy. H¢ Said to be a hybrid between 6mm diameter, and covered with A B C Propagation From cuttings or P. phylicifolia and P. lasianthos, stiff hairs. Margins are strongly Prostanthera saxicola Rounded shrub to 1.5m high by by grafting. Prostanthera ovalifolia this erect shrub to 2m has white recurved, giving leaf a rhomboid var. montana 1m across. Leaves are linear, to Cultivation Outstanding, but one Common Mint Bush flowers tinged with lilac, in appearance. Bears purple A B C D 4cm. Bears violet flowers in leafy of the most difficult to maintain A B C D H spring. Said to be relatively hardy. flowers in spring. Spreading shrub to 30cm high sprays in spring. on its own roots. Erect or spreading shrub to 2.5m H¢ Distribution: NSW, Vic. by 1m across with dark green, Distribution: Qld, NSW. HLP¢ high. Leaves are very variable, Propagation From cuttings or elliptical leaves to 1.2cm. Bears Propagation From cuttings or lanceolate to broadly ovate. Prostanthera by grafting. large white flowers with purple by grafting. Prostanthera melissifolia Profuse purple flowers in sprays prunelloides Cultivation Dainty, with stripes in throat in spring. Three Cultivation Relatively hardy. A B C occur in spring. A B C attractive foliage. Reasonably other varieties are recognised. Enjoys shade from the hottest Spreading shrub to 3m high by Distribution: Qld, NSW, Vic. Erect shrub to 2m high by 1m hardy in good conditions. Distribution: NSW. part of the day. H¢ 3m across. Toothed, ovate leaves Propagation From cuttings or across with ovate to almost HL¢ Propagation From cuttings or

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Prostanthera striatiflora Pseudanthus pimeleoides Psydrax latifolia developing a layered habit, with Streaked Mint Bush Picrodendraceae (Syn. Canthium latifolium) the flowers facing upwards along C G H (Euphorbiaceae) Rubiaceae the horizontal branches. Not Rounded shrub to 1.5m high by B C D Native Currant common in cultivation but well 1.5m across. Leaves narrow-ovate Rounded shrub to 1m. Linear to D F G H worth growing. Needs well- to elliptical, to 2.5cm. Bears large narrowly ovate leaves, 4–15mm Rounded, open shrub to 3m. drained soil and partial shade flowers, white with striped long. Male and female flowers Leaves ovate to 10cm. Small, or full sun. Floral perfume is throat, in spring. on the one plant. Male flowers fragrant white flowers followed by appealing. FLZ£¢ Distribution: NSW, SA, WA, NT. with conspicuous white, linear globular, edible black fruit, 1cm in Propagation From cuttings or segments are crowded towards diameter. Distribution: dry areas Psydrax oleifolia by grafting. the ends of branches in spring. of NSW, Qld, SA, WA, NT. (Syn. Canthium oleifolium) Cultivation Outstanding; Distribution: NSW. Propagation From cuttings. F H suitable for dry areas. Propagation From cuttings. Cultivation Unusual foliage for Large shrub with strongly HP¢ Cultivation Pretty little plant arid area plant. Useful screen for perfumed flowers in summer; large available commercially. Sandy dry areas. UVZ£¢ thick leaves to 10cm long. Ideal Prostanthera stricta soil, ample moisture and a little for dry areas. ¢ Prostanthera striatiflora Mount Vincent Mint Bush shade recommended. H Prostanthera saxicola Cultivation Suited to semi-arid A B C Pultenaea var. montana areas. Good drainage and full sun Erect or sprawling shrub to 1.3m Fabaceae recommended. high. Densely hairy, ovate leaves Bacon and Eggs, Bush Peas by grafting. H¢ to 1.3cm. Bears deep violet flowers Pultenaea, with about 140 species, Cultivation Useful ground cover. in spring. Distribution: NSW. is one of the largest genera of the More reliable than many other Prostanthera spinosa Propagation From cuttings or Australian endemic pea-flowers. mint bushes. H¢ Spiny Mint Bush by grafting. Its members vary from prostrate Prostanthera saxicola var. A B C D Cultivation As for genus. H¢ to tall, woody shrubs with diverse bracteolata, also in cultivation, may Low, much-branched, spiny shrub Conservation Status Vulnerable. foliage types. Flowers are usually be erect to prostrate with usually to 60cm high by 1m across. Leaves yellow or yellow and red and mauve flowers and narrower leaves. are narrowly ovate, to 6mm. Bears Prostanthera violacea in many species are crowded blue or white flowers in spring. A B C into dense terminal heads. Prostanthera Distribution: Vic, SA. The species Branching shrub to 1m high by They mostly make handsome scutellarioides from northern NSW, previously 1m across. Leaves are rounded horticultural subjects but are not (Syn. P. empetrifolia) given this name is now known as or lobed, to 6mm, with variously grown as much as they deserve. A B C D P. sejuncta. recurved edges. Bears purple Good drainage is important and Erect shrub to 2m high by 1m Propagation From cuttings or flowers in spring. a soil rich in leaf litter is an across. Leaves are linear, to 2cm. by grafting. Distribution: NSW. Psychotria daphnoides advantage. Most will accept full Bears purple flowers in spring. Cultivation Pretty; useful for Propagation From cuttings or Psydrax odorata sun or partial shade. Flowering Distribution: NSW. well-drained rockery. H¢ by grafting. Psychotria daphnoides usually lasts for a month or six Propagation From cuttings or Cultivation As for genus. Rubiaceae Psydrax odorata weeks in spring, and in many by grafting. Prostanthera H¢ B D E (Syn. Canthium odoratum) species the foliage provides year- Cultivation As for genus. H¢ staurophylla Rounded but open shrub to 3m Lamboto round interest. Propagation is by (Syn. P. teretifolia) Prostanthera walteri high by 2m across with smooth, D F H scarified seed. Prostanthera sericea A B C Blotchy Mint Bush narrow-obovate leaves to 8cm, Shrub or small tree to 8m high, (Syn. P. baxteri var. sericea) Compact shrub to 1m or a A B C often less. Small white star- with leathery, shiny leaves, Pultenaea acerosa A G little more with greyish green, Rounded shrub to 1m high or shaped flowers in late spring and narrow-elliptical to 8cm, paler (Syn. P. rigida) Erect shrub to 1.5m, occasionally terete leaves, occasionally with slightly taller. Leaves are ovate, summer are followed by small, on the underside. Fragrant white A C a small tree to 4m. Linear to 2–5 lobes, to 1.4cm. Bears to 3cm. Bears greenish tubular succulent, creamy white fruits. flowers, about 1cm diameter, Erect, stiff shrub to 1m high. terete, grey-green leaves are blue axillary flowers in spring. flowers with purple streaks in Distribution: NSW, Qld, NT. are borne in axillary clusters Leaves are lanceolate, to 1cm. up to 5cm long. White flowers Distribution: NSW. summer. Distribution: NSW, Vic. Propagation From cuttings and throughout the year. Fruits are Bears axillary yellow and red pea- with purplish streaks inside the Propagation From cuttings or Propagation From cuttings or probably fresh seed. black, about 7mm diameter. flowers in spring. tube appear from late winter to by grafting. by grafting. Cultivation Accepts full sun; Distribution: Qld, NSW, WA, NT. Distribution: SA. summer. Cultivation Pruning is vital to Cultivation Mainly of interest to also grows well in shady location. Propagation From seed or Propagation From scarified seed. Distribution: WA, NT, SA. maintain shape. HL¢ the collector. Neat foliage; small flowers are cuttings. Cultivation As for genus. Propagation From cuttings. Conservation Status Vulnerable. H¢ well displayed. FL Cultivation Useful shrub often H

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Distribution: NSW. Pultenaea ferruginea Propagation From scarified seed Pultenaea polifolia Pultenaea spinosa Propagation From scarified seed. A B C and probably cuttings. Dusky Bush Pea (Syn. Pultenaea cunninghamii) Cultivation Rarely seen in Erect shrub to 1m high by 60cm Cultivation Very colourful in A B C Grey Bush Pea cultivation. H across. Leaves are obovate, flower. Withstands frost. Good Weak, spreading, open shrub A B C Conservation Status Vulnerable. 3–15mm long. Yellow pea-flowers drainage but ample moisture to 30cm high by 1m across, Erect or rarely prostrate plant. are borne near the recommended. Tolerates some occasionally prostrate. Leaves are Upright form, with open habit, Pultenaea blakelyi branch ends in spring. shade. FH linear to obovate, 2–30mm. Bears rarely exceeds 1m in cultivation, A B C Distribution: NSW. yellow and red pea-flowers in often taller in the field. Leaves Slender shrub to 2m high. Leaves Propagation From scarified Pultenaea humilis spring. are light green, rounded, with oblong, to 3cm. Bears yellow seed. A C Distribution: NSW, ACT, Vic. a pointed tip, 1.2cm long. pea-flowers in spring. Cultivation As for genus. H Low spreading shrub to 60cm Propagation From scarified seed. Orange-red pea-flowers occur in Pultenaea altissima Distribution: NSW, Vic. high by 1m across. Crowded, Cultivation Best suited for a spring. Distribution: Qld, NSW, Propagation From scarified seed. Pultenaea flexilis hairy leaves are narrow-elliptical, rockery or wall where branches ACT, Vic. Pultenaea altissima Cultivation Prune annually after A B C to 1.5cm long. Orange and can hang down. Long-lived in Propagation From scarified seed. (Syn. P. obovata) flowering. H Erect shrub to 4m high by 2m apricot pea-flowers are borne in cultivation. Full sun is satisfactory. Cultivation Prostrate form A B C across. Leaves are narrow-oblong, the leaf axils near the branch H available commercially. Erect shrub to 2m high by 1.5m Pultenaea daphnoides to 2cm. Profuse yellow and red ends in spring. Distribution: Attractive shrub. HL across. Leaves are narrow-obovate, Large-leaf Bush Pea pea-flowers occur in spring. NSW, Vic, Tas (rare in NSW and to 1cm. Bears yellow pea-flowers, A B C D Distribution: Qld, NSW. Tas). mainly towards ends of branches, Erect shrub to 3m high by 1.5m Propagation From scarified Propagation From scarified from late winter to summer. across with dark green leaves, seed. seed. Distribution: Qld, NSW, Vic. obovate, with a flattened end. Cultivation Good background Cultivation Very showy in Propagation From scarified seed. Yellow and red pea-flowers in shrub. Likes some shade. FH flower; foliage is also interesting. Cultivation Likes some shade. terminal heads appear in spring. Well-drained site in full sun or Neat foliage. FHL Distribution: Qld, NSW, Vic, Pultenaea glabra part shade suitable. Good rockery Tas, SA. (Syn. P. weindorferi) plant. HL Pultenaea baeuerlenii Propagation From scarified seed. Swamp Bush Pea Budawang Bush Pea Cultivation One of the most A C Pultenaea largiflorens A B C common bush peas. Accepts Slender erect shrub to 1.5m with Twiggy Bush Pea Low woolly shrub to 60cm, with reasonable shade. FH broad linear leaves to 1cm. Yellow A C terete leaves to 1.5cm with a pea-flowers are borne in crowded Stiff sprawling plant to 1m high rough surface. Yellow and red Pultenaea empetrifolia heads near the branch ends in by 1.5m across. Light green pea-flowers crowded at ends of A G spring. Large dark stipules found at leaves, narrow, wedge-shaped, branches occur in late spring. Low spreading shrub to 40cm base of floral leaves. 3–10mm. Bears yellow and red high by 50cm across with terete Distribution: NSW. pea-flowers in axillary clusters Pultenaea scabra leaves to 1cm. Yellow and red Propagation From scarified seed. in spring. pea-flowers in heads occur in Cultivation Accepts damper Distribution: NSW, Vic, SA. spring. Distribution: WA. situations than most Pultenaea Propagation From scarified Pultenaea scabra Pultenaea stipularis Propagation From scarified seed. spp. Well-mulched soil in full sun seed. Rough Bush Pea Cultivation As for genus. H is ideal. H Cultivation As for genus. H A B C Pultenaea stipularis Erect shrub to 2m high by 1.5m A B C Pultenaea euchila Pultenaea gunnii Pultenaea microphylla across, with hairy young branches Erect, sparsely branched shrub A B C D Golden Bush Pea A B C D and leaves. Leaves are wedge- to 1m high by 60cm across. Soft Erect shrub to 3m high by 1.5m A C Prostrate or erect plant to 1m shaped, to 1cm long, either blunt pine-like leaves to 4cm. Dense across. Leaves are narrow- Open, sometimes spreading high. Leaves are narrow-obovate, or 2-lobed at the tip. Yellow and terminal heads of yellow obovate, to 2cm, with a rounded shrub, to 1.5m high by 1.5m 2–9mm, with a blunt end. Bears brown pea-flowers are seen in pea-flowers occur in spring. tip. Yellow pea-flowers about across, often smaller. Leaves vary yellow and red pea-flowers in upper spring. Distribution: Qld, NSW, Distribution: NSW. 1.5cm long occur in spring. in shape from ovate to narrow- axils in spring. Distribution: Qld, Vic, SA. Propagation From scarified seed. Distribution: Qld, NSW. oblong, and 3–8mm long. Golden NSW, ACT, Vic. Propagation From scarified seed. Cultivation One of the best Propagation From scarified yellow pea-flowers cover the shrub Propagation From scarified seed. Cultivation Frost-hardy. Good Pultenaea spp. Attractive foliage. seed. in spring. . Two subspecies are Cultivation Perfectly drained spring display. Neat foliage. Hardy in well-drained, semi- Cultivation Reasonably hardy. recognised. Distribution: NSW, situations. Prostrate forms make Good drainage and sunny site shaded locations. Pultenaea empetrifolia H Vic, Tas. useful ground covers. H suggested. HL FHLP

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and well displayed. Foliage is to 2cm, crowded and 2-lobed. Low, often spreading shrub to also neat, with leaves arranged Flowers are small, 4-petalled, 80cm high by 80cm across. in two pairs of opposite rows. greenish, and occur in spring. Ovate, dark green, thick-textured Propagation is easy from seed Distribution: WA. leaves, to 7cm. Brilliant red and most have also been grown Propagation From cuttings. trumpet-like flowers, about 5cm from cuttings. Cultivation Most unusual, grown across the mouth, occur in spring purely for its foliage. Requires and summer. Distribution: Qld. well-drained, semi-shaded Propagation From cuttings or position. HL seed. Cultivation It was long believed Rhagodia candolleana that Australia had only one native (often incorrectly referred to as rhododendron, however a second Regelia velutina R. baccata) species was described in 1996 and Chenopodiaceae given the name R. notiale. Further Quoya dilatata Erect, almost pyramidal shrub Coastal Saltbush research showed that this species to 3m high by 1.5m across. A B G H was the one described originally Pultenaea subalpina edge. Compact form with very Soft, greyish, ovate to lanceolate Erect shrub to 2.5m high by by Mueller in 1886 as R. lochiae. Rosy Bush Pea dense foliage, collected by the leaves, to 1.3cm. Bears brilliant 2.5m across. Leaves are broad- This necessitated giving a new A C author at Anna Bay near Port red flowers in terminal spikes to lanceolate to ovate, to 3cm. name to the species in common Erect shrub to 1m high by 70cm Stephens, NSW, retains its form 1cm 4cm long in spring and summer. Terminal flower spikes are cultivation. R. viriosum was thus across. Leaves terete, to 2cm. in cultivation and makes a fine Distribution: WA. followed by red berries most described in 2002 and applies to Pink pea-flowers occur in spring. specimen plant. Regelia ciliata Propagation From seed. of the year in mild climates. the one commonly grown. Both Distribution: Vic. HLP Cultivation Most striking. Two subspecies are recognised. species are easy to grow, either Propagation From scarified seed. Regelia ciliata Suitable for feature planting. Often Distribution: NSW, Vic, Tas, in a shaded corner of the garden Has been grown from cuttings. Quoya dilatata A B C G shy to flower in the eastern States. SA, WA. in well-composted, acid soil or Cultivation Rare; difficult to (Syn. Pityrodia dilatata) Spreading shrub to 1.3m high by Possibly 7–8 years from seed Propagation From cuttings. as a pot plant in a peaty mix, maintain in cultivation. Pink VERBENACEAE 2m across. Hairy leaves are ovate, before flowers appear. Cultivation Very hardy on which may be brought indoors flowers are spectacular. H (CHLOANTHACEAE) to 1cm. Mauve flowers, about HLOP the coast and inland. Good when in flower. Striking shrub A C G 1.5cm diameter, are dotted among screen plant. Resistant to salt for mild climates. Canberra’s Pultenaea subspicata Spreading shrub to 30cm by foliage for most of the year in Rhadinothamnus spray. May be suitable for winters are just too cold. It will A C 60cm. Leaves are ovate, grey- mild climates. Distribution: WA. euphemiae sand-dune stabilisation. tolerate temperatures to –3°C. Low spreading shrub to 80cm green, to 2cm, with a rough Propagation From seed. (Syn. Nematolepis euphemiae) HUVW FLPS high by 1m across. Leaves are surface. Tubular orange flowers Cultivation Accepts full sun or Rutaceae linear, to 1cm. Bears yellow and are borne in spring. a little shade. Long flowering. A G Rhododendron viriosum Richea red pea-flowers in terminal Distribution: WA. HLQ Low shrub to 50cm high by 30cm Ericaceae Ericaceae (Epacridaceae) heads in spring. Propagation From cuttings, across with grey-green leaves A B D E There are 10 species of Richea, Distribution: NSW, ACT, Vic. without mist. Regelia inops nine of them endemic to Propagation From scarified seed. Cultivation Grown in Canberra A G Tasmania, the other occurring Cultivation As for genus. H for some years. Unusual shrub, Erect stiff shrub, to 1m high or in the alps of New South Wales mainly for collectors. Slightly a little more, sparsely branched. and Victoria. They are stiff, Pultenaea villosa frost tender. Leaves are small, ovate, held woody shrubs or small trees with A B C D close to stem. Flowers are mauve, tapering, stem-clasping leaves, Pendulous, spreading shrub to Regelia in terminal clusters, and occur which vary from 1cm to over 1m 1.3m high by 2m across. Leaves Myrtaceae mainly in spring. long. The larger species look more hairy, narrow-oblong, to 6mm. Endemic to Australia, this Distribution: WA. like palms than dicotyledons. The Bears yellow pea-flowers towards small genus consists of five Propagation From seed. taller species are rarely branched. ends of branches in spring. showy, woody shrubs, all from Cultivation Prune to encourage Flowers are usually pink or white Distribution: Qld, NSW. Western Australia. In cultivation branching. H and mostly borne in terminal Propagation From scarified they have proved moderately spikes. As foliage plants they seed. hardy in well-drained soil. Regelia velutina are outstanding. Rarely seen in Cultivation Hardy. Very Flowers, superficially similar to (Syn. R. grandiflora) cultivation, even in their native attractive habit. Looks well in Melaleuca but differing in their Barrens Regelia Tasmania, these interesting plants well-drained soil at pool floral structure, are colourful A C G Rhododendron viriosum have great potential.

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