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The One Hundred Tree Species Prioritized for Planting in the Tropics and Subtropics As Indicated by Database Mining

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The One Hundred Tree Species Prioritized for Planting in the Tropics and Subtropics As Indicated by Database Mining The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining Roeland Kindt, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, James M Roshetko, Meine van Noordwijk, Lars Graudal, Ramni Jamnadass The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining Roeland Kindt, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, James M Roshetko, Meine van Noordwijk, Lars Graudal, Ramni Jamnadass LIMITED CIRCULATION Correct citation: Kindt R, Dawson IK, Lillesø J-PB, Muchugi A, Pedercini F, Roshetko JM, van Noordwijk M, Graudal L, Jamnadass R. 2021. The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining. Working Paper No. 312. World Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/WP21001.PDF The titles of the Working Paper Series are intended to disseminate provisional results of agroforestry research and practices and to stimulate feedback from the scientific community. Other World Agroforestry publication series include Technical Manuals, Occasional Papers and the Trees for Change Series. Published by World Agroforestry (ICRAF) PO Box 30677, GPO 00100 Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254(0)20 7224000, via USA +1 650 833 6645 Fax: +254(0)20 7224001, via USA +1 650 833 6646 Email: [email protected] Website: www.worldagroforestry.org © World Agroforestry 2021 Working Paper No. 312 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of World Agroforestry. Articles appearing in this publication series may be quoted or reproduced without charge, provided the source is acknowledged. All images remain the sole property of their source and may not be used for any purpose without written permission of the source. ii Table of Contents About the authors .................................................................................................................... v List of abbreviations and acronyms ........................................................................................ vi Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................. vii Abstract ................................................................................................................................ viii 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 2. Methods ........................................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Assembly of databases and compilation of a master list of species ........................ 3 2.2. Screening for woody species .................................................................................... 3 2.3. Ranking of tree species ............................................................................................. 4 2.4. Attribute characterization of prioritized tree species ................................................ 4 2.5. Continental origins of prioritized tree species ........................................................... 5 3. Results ............................................................................................................................. 7 3.1. The ‘top-100’ prioritized tree species and their representation in databases .......... 7 3.2. Characteristics of the ‘top-100’ prioritized tree species ........................................... 9 3.3. Origins of the ‘top-100’ prioritized tree species ...................................................... 11 3.4. Comparison with a previous list .............................................................................. 14 4. Discussion ...................................................................................................................... 15 5. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 17 References ............................................................................................................................. 18 Appendices ............................................................................................................................ 21 Appendix 1. Global databases checked for species occurrence ...................................... 21 Appendix 2. Regional databases checked for species occurrence ................................... 27 Appendix 3. A list of useful tree species for India .............................................................. 30 Appendix 4. Useful tree species for South East Asia ........................................................ 32 Appendix 5. Attribute databases to characterize prioritized species ................................ 37 Appendix 6. ‘Top-100’ and ‘top-830’ lists of tree species ................................................. 39 Appendix 7. Taxonomic information from World Flora Online ........................................... 55 iii List of tables Table 1. The ‘top-100’ tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining ................................................................................................. 8 Table 2. High and medium priority tree species for conservation from the ‘top-100’ prioritized species .................................................................................................................. 10 Table 3. Continents where the ‘top-100’ prioritized tree species are native ......................... 12 Table 4. Comparison of observed ‘top-100’ tree species from different continents with expected species numbers ................................................................................................... 14 Table 5. Species differences between current and previous ‘top-100’ prioritized lists ........ 14 List of figures Figure 1. Distribution of continents applied by the Taxonomic Databases Working Group shown by allocating each country to one continent . .............. Error! Bookmark not defined. iv About the authors Roeland Kindt, Ian Dawson, Jens-Peter Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, James M Roshetko, Meine van Noordwijk, Lars Graudal and Ramni Jamnadass work for World Agroforestry (ICRAF), part of the CIFOR-ICRAF partnership. Ian Dawson also works for Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, Scotland. Jens- Peter Lillesø, Fabio Pedercini and Lars Graudal also work for the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. v List of abbreviations and acronyms AFD Agroforestree Database CIFOR Center for International Forestry Research CS Conservation Scores CTTS Commercial Timber Tree Species FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FCD Food Composition Databases GAEZ Global Agro-ecological Zones GISD Global Invasive Species Database GRIIS Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species GRIN Germplasm Resource Information Network GSM Global Species Matrix GTS Global Tree Search ICRAF World Agroforestry ISC Invasive Species Compendium IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development POWO Plants of the World Online PROSEA Plant Resources of South East Asia PROTA Plant Resources of Tropical Africa online database SRUC Scotland’s Rural College TDWG Biodiversity Information Standards TFH Tropical Forestry Handbook USDA United States Department of Agriculture UTP Useful Tropical Plants UTSA Useful Tree Species for Africa UTSI Useful Tree Species for India UTSSEA Useful Tree Species for South East Asia WEP World Economic Plants WFO World Flora Online vi Acknowledgments We greatly appreciate the support of Csaba Gaspar, Programme Manager of the OECD Seed Schemes, including the OECD Forest Seed and Plant Scheme (https://www.oecd.org/agriculture/forest/), who supplied an up-to-date list of the forest species. The authors of this study would also like to acknowledge the support of the CGIAR’s funding partners (http://www.cgiar.org/about-us/ourfunders/), especially via the Research Programme on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (https://www.foreststreesagroforestry.org/). vii Abstract A systematic approach to tree planting and management globally is hindered by the limited synthesis of information sources on tree uses and species priorities. To help address this, the authors ‘mined’ information from 23 online global and regional databases to assemble a list of the most frequent tree species deemed useful for planting according to database mentions, with a focus on tropical regions. Using a simple vote count approach for ranking species, we obtained a shortlist of 100 trees mentioned in at least 10 of our data sources (the ‘top-100’ species). A longer list of 830 trees that were mentioned at least five times was also compiled. Our ‘top-100’ list indicated that the family Fabaceae (syn. Leguminosae) was most common. The information associated with our mined data sources indicated that the ‘top-100’ list consisted of a complementary group of species of differing uses. These included the following: for wood (mostly for timber) and fuel production, human nutrition, animal fodder supply, and environmental service provision (varied services). Of these uses, wood was most frequently specified, with fuel and food use also highly important. Many of the ‘top-100’ species were assigned multiple uses. The majority of the ‘top-100’ species
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