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Mannelijkheid in Vlaamse Katholieke Scoutstroepen Tijdens Het Interbellum

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Mannelijkheid in Vlaamse Katholieke Scoutstroepen Tijdens Het Interbellum Mannelijkheid in Vlaamse katholieke scoutstroepen tijdens het interbellum Pieter Henderix Promotor: Dr. Julie Carlier Masterproef voorgelegd aan de Faculteit Letteren en Wijsbegeerte voor het behalen van de graad Master in de Geschiedenis Academiejaar 2012 - 2013 Verklaring De auteur en de promotor(en) geven de toelating deze studie als geheel voor consultatie beschikbaar te stellen voor persoonlijk gebruik. Elk ander gebruik valt onder de beperkingen van het auteursrecht, in het bijzonder met betrekking tot de verplichting de bron uitdrukkelijk te vermelden bij het aanhalen van gegevens uit deze studie. Het auteursrecht betreffende de gegevens vermeld in deze studie berust bij de promotor(en). Het auteursrecht beperkt zich tot de wijze waarop de auteur de problematiek van het onderwerp heeft benaderd en neergeschreven. De auteur respecteert daarbij het oorspronkelijke auteursrecht van de individueel geciteerde studies en eventueel bijhorende documentatie, zoals tabellen en figuren. De auteur en de promotor(en) zijn niet verantwoordelijk voor de behandelingen en eventuele doseringen die in deze studie geciteerd en beschreven zijn. Voorwoord Toen ik drie jaar geleden de beslissing nam om na mijn lerarenopleiding nog aan een schakelprogramma geschiedenis te beginnen, had ik eigenlijk geen flauw idee van wat mij te wachten stond. Ondertussen zijn we drie jaar verder en heb ik nog geen moment spijt van deze beslissing gehad. Persoonlijk vond ik de kennismaking met een academische opleiding een verrijkende ervaring. Niettemin begon ik toch steeds meer te voelen dat het tijd werd om het studentenleven achter mij te laten. Het schrijven van deze masterscriptie betekende voor mij dan ook in belangrijke mate het afsluiten van dit hoofdstuk. In dit voorwoord zou ik mij graag richten tot enkele van de vele mensen die mij gesteund en bijgestaan hebben tijdens de totstandkoming van deze scriptie. Allereerst gaat mijn dank uit naar mijn promotor dr. Julie Carlier. Zij deed mijn interesse voor de gendergeschiedenis ontstaan, en raadde me ook dit onderwerp aan. Verder zou ik haar willen bedanken voor het vertrouwen, de goede opvolging, begeleiding, tips en sturing. Zonder de hulp van Julie Carlier had ik wellicht lang doelloos rondgedobberd. Daarnaast zou ik graag de mensen van het KADOC willen bedanken voor hun goede zorg, interesse, steun en fijne gesprekken op de gang. Het was steeds een plezier om in de leeszaal van het KADOC te gaan werken. Verder gaat ook zeker mijn dank uit naar mijn moeder, vader, en broer. Mijn moeder, tijdens de periode van beperkte mobiliteit, voor haar rol als persoonlijke chauffeur naar het KADOC, en de gezellige etentjes tijdens de middagpauzes. Mijn vader voor het vrijmaken van zijn tijd om delen van mijn masterscriptie door te nemen. En mijn broer voor zijn interesse en steun op zijn eigen manier. Tot slot wil ik mijn vriendin, Emma, bedanken voor haar geduld, steun en vertrouwen tijdens mijn studies. Het was voornamelijk dankzij haar dat ik, op momenten dat ik de moed even was verloren, de kracht vond om terug verder te zetten. Pieter Henderix (Zwanzende Trotse Gekko) 11.07.2013 Inhoudsopgave 1 INLEIDING ................................................................................................................................................. 2 1.1 PROBLEEMSTELLING ............................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 THEORETISCH KADER ............................................................................................................................................. 4 1.2.1 Gender ................................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2.1.1 Lichamelijkheid .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2.2 Mannelijkheid .................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2.3 Instersectionaliteit .......................................................................................................................................... 9 1.2.3.1 Mannelijkheid en religie ...................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.3 METHODOLOGISCH KADER ................................................................................................................................. 14 1.3.1 Discours, een sociale praktijk .................................................................................................................. 14 1.3.2 Discours en macht ........................................................................................................................................ 15 1.3.2.1 Macht in discours ................................................................................................................................................................... 15 1.3.2.2 Macht achter discours .......................................................................................................................................................... 17 1.3.3 Discours, ‘common sense’ en ideologie ................................................................................................ 17 1.3.4 ‘Critical Discourse Analysis’ ..................................................................................................................... 19 1.4 HET BRONNENMATERIAAL ................................................................................................................................. 21 1.4.1 De Scout ............................................................................................................................................................ 21 1.4.2 Het Leidersblad .............................................................................................................................................. 21 1.4.3 Kritisch bekeken ............................................................................................................................................ 22 2 HET ONTSTAAN VAN DE VLAAMSE KATHOLIEKE SCOUTSBEWEGING ............................... 24 2.1 ONTSTAAN VAN DE SCOUTSBEWEGING ............................................................................................................ 24 2.1.1 Baden - Powell, de ‘held van Mafeking’ ............................................................................................... 24 2.1.2 Ontstaan van ‘Scouting voor jongens’ ................................................................................................. 25 2.1.3 Boy Scouts, een (para)militaire jeugdbeweging? ........................................................................... 29 2.1.4 De Boy Scouts tijdens het interbellum ................................................................................................. 34 2.2 ONTSTAAN VAN DE VLAAMSE KATHOLIEKE SCOUTSBEWEGING .................................................................. 36 2.2.1 De eerste Belgische troepen ..................................................................................................................... 36 2.2.2 Ontwikkeling van de Vlaamse katholieke scouts tijdens het interbellum ............................ 39 2.2.2.1 De woelige jaren ‘20 .............................................................................................................................................................. 39 2.2.2.1.1 Gebrek aan bekwame leiding .................................................................................................................................. 39 2.2.2.1.2 Problemen met de Kerk ............................................................................................................................................. 40 2.2.2.1.3 Federalisering van de Belgische katholieke scoutsbeweging ................................................................... 41 2.2.2.2 De nieuwe koers vanaf de jaren ’30 ............................................................................................................................... 44 3 MANNELIJKHEID IN DE VLAAMSE KATHOLIEKE SCOUTSBEWEGING .................................. 48 3.1 MANNELIJKHEID IN DE BRITSE BOY SCOUTS .................................................................................................. 48 3.1.1 ‘Imperiale’ mannen ...................................................................................................................................... 48 3.1.2 Mannelijkheid en religiositeit .................................................................................................................. 53 3.1.2.1 Plaats van religie in de scoutsbeweging ....................................................................................................................... 53 3.1.2.2 ‘Muscular Christianity’ ......................................................................................................................................................... 55 3.1.3 Conclusie ........................................................................................................................................................... 57 3.2 MANNELIJKHEID IN DE VOOROORLOGSE BELGISCHE KATHOLIEKE SCOUTSBEWEGING .........................
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