DOCSLIB.ORG

Heritage Background Paper

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Heritage Background Paper ST HELENS BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2020-2035 HERITAGE BACKGROUND PAPER APRIL 2020 ST HELENS BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2020-2035 HERITAGE BACKGROUND PAPER (APRIL 2020) Contents 1. LOCAL CONTEXT ............................................................................................ 1 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 2. BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ST HELENS ........................ 2 3. POLICY CONTEXT, EVIDENCE BASE AND HERITAGE ASSETS IN ST HELENS ........................................................................................................... 6 3.1 Policy Guidance .......................................................................................................... 6 3.2 National Guidance ....................................................................................................... 7 3.3 The SHBLP and NPPF Historic Environment requirements for Local Plans ............... 8 3.4 THE SHBLP AND PPG HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR LOCAL PLANS ...................................................................................................................... 11 3.5 Local Guidance ......................................................................................................... 16 4. HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT: A POSITIVE STRATEGY .................................. 23 4.1 Guiding Principles ..................................................................................................... 23 4.2 Policy Flow ................................................................................................................ 24 4.3 Local Plan Scoping Stage January 2016 .................................................................. 25 4.4 Local Plan Preferred Options December 2016 ......................................................... 25 4.5 Draft Vision and Policies ........................................................................................... 25 4.6 LPPO Site Selection .................................................................................................. 31 4.7 Heritage Impact Assessments ................................................................................... 37 4.8 Other Community Engagement ................................................................................. 38 4.9 Enhancing the Historic Environment through Policy Implementation ........................ 38 4.10 Local Plan Submission Draft January 2019 .............................................................. 39 4.11 Priority Actions for Heritage Enhancement in the SHBLP ......................................... 40 5. SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 42 5.1 Moving forward .......................................................................................................... 42 5.2 Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 42 List of Tables Table 1: SHBLP and NPPF Policies ................................................................................ 8 Table 2: SHBLP and Planning Policy Guidance ............................................................ 11 Table 3: Scheduled Monuments in St Helens Borough ................................................. 17 Table 4: Amendments to Emerging Local Plan Following LPPO Consultation .............. 25 Table 5: Lppo Proposed Development Sites Subject to HIAs ........................................ 32 Table 6: LPPO Sites with no known Archaeological Interest or Potential ...................... 33 Table 7: Proposed Development Sites with Local or Regional Archaeological Interest or Potential ......................................................................................................... 34 Table 8: Development Sites with Regional and/or National Archaeological Interest or Potential ......................................................................................................... 36 Table 9: Sites To Remain In The Green Belt And Not Developed ................................. 39 Table 10: Action 1 – Safeguarding And Enhancing Landscape Character .................... 40 Table 11: Action 2 – Preserving The Landscape And Industrial Heritage Of The Borough ....................................................................................................................... 41 ST HELENS BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2020-2035 HERITAGE BACKGROUND PAPER (APRIL 2020) Table 12: Action 3 – Safeguarding Built Heritage .......................................................... 41 Table 13: Action 4 – Engaging With The Community .................................................... 41 List of Figures Figure 1: Opening of the Sankey Canal – Liverpool Chronicle, November 1757 ........... 3 Figure 2: Sankey Viaduct ............................................................................................... 4 Figure 3: Derbyshire Hill Colliery Workers Housing Adj. Bold Colliery circa 1970s ........ 5 Figure 4: Conservation Areas, Scheduled Ancient Monuments and Registered Parks and Gardens (north west of Borough) ........................................................... 21 Figure 5: Conservation Areas, Scheduled Ancient Monuments and Registered Parks and Gardens (south of Borough) .................................................................. 21 Figure 6: Location and Extent of Registered Battlefield - Battle of Winwick 1648 ........ 18 Figure 7: Extent of Registered Battlefield within St Helens Borough ........................... 20 Figure 8: Conservation Areas, Scheduled Ancient Monuments and Registered Parks and Gardens (east of Borough) .................................................................... 21 Figure 9: Policy Flow Chart .......................................................................................... 24 Figure 10: Approximate extent of Sankey Canal Corridor .............................................. 51 Figure 11: Engine Lock excavated in 2017 by St Helens Council .................................. 52 Figure 12: Earlestown Market Square ........................................................................... 53 Appendices Listed Assets ................................................................................... 43 Case Studies ................................................................................... 50 Heritage Impact Assessments (HIAs) .............................................. 55 ii ST HELENS BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2020-2035 HERITAGE BACKGROUND PAPER (APRIL 2020) 1. LOCAL CONTEXT 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 This background paper is one of several that have been prepared by St Helens Council. It will provide evidence for the forthcoming Examination in Public of the St. Helens Borough Local Plan 2020-2035 (the SHBLP), and as such should be read in conjunction with other background papers. 1.1.2 The purpose of this background paper is to set out the positive strategic approach towards the protection and enhancement of heritage across the Borough of St Helens that the Council will take forward through the SHBLP. The paper includes details of how the strategic approach on heritage has developed from the Scoping stage (January 2016) to the Submission Draft version of the Local Plan (2019). 1.1.3 The paper includes a number of Heritage Impact assessments (HIAs) that were prepared following the consultation on the LPPO, specifically in regard to comments received by statutory consultee Historic England. It also sets out how St Helens have engaged with relevant statutory consultees such as Historic England throughout the plan making process. 1.1.4 It also sets out relevant international, national and local policies, strategies and guidance documents. 1.1.5 Government guidance states that local authorities should: “ … set out a positive strategy for the conservation and enjoyment of the historic environment, including heritage assets most at risk through neglect, decay or other threats. This strategy should take into account: a) the desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets, and putting them to viable uses consistent with their conservation; b) the wider social, cultural, economic and environmental benefits that conservation of the historic environment can bring; c) the desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness; and, d) opportunities to draw on the contribution made by the historic environment to the character of a place.” 1.1.6 The historic environment is a significant component of land use planning as it has shaped and influenced the physical and human connections to and within the Borough. It is also an important part of sustainable development: the past should be preserved for future generations. The Borough contains several rich and diverse heritage assets. These assets help to make St Helens unique, locally distinct and assist in shaping its local character. 1 ST HELENS BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2020-2035 HERITAGE BACKGROUND PAPER (APRIL 2020) 2. BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ST HELENS 2.1.1 St Helens is a product of the exploitation of its natural resources of coal, sand and fireclay from the 18th century. Prior to the industrial age, the area was comprised of the four townships of Parr, Windle, Eccleston and Sutton; which coalesced around the church of St.Elyn to form St Helens as a distinct town. 2.1.2 Until the mid-18th century, industry was small
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Part 3 of the Bibliography Catalogue
    Bibliography - L&NWR Society Periodicals Part 3 - Railway Magazine Registered Charity - L&NWRSociety No. 1110210 Copyright LNWR Society 2012 Title Year Volume Page Railway Magazine Photos. Junction at Craven Arms Photos. Tyne-Mersey Power. Lime Street, Diggle 138 Why and Wherefore. Soho Road station 465 Recent Work by British Express Locomotives Inc. Photo. 2-4-0 No.419 Zillah 1897 01/07 20 Some Racing Runs and Trial Trips. 1. The Race to Edinburgh 1888 - The Last Day 1897 01/07 39 What Our Railways are Doing. Presentation to F.Harrison from Guards 1897 01/07 90 What Our Railways are Doing. Trains over 50 mph 1897 01/07 90 Pertinent Paragraphs. Jubilee of 'Cornwall' 1897 01/07 94 Engine Drivers and their Duties by C.J.Bowen Cooke. Describes Rugby with photos at the 1897 01/08 113 Photo.shed. 'Queen Empress' on corridor dining train 1897 01/08 133 Some Railway Myths. Inc The Bloomers, with photo and Precedent 1897 01/08 160 Petroleum Fuel for Locomotives. Inc 0-4-0WT photo. 1897 01/08 170 What The Railways are Doing. Services to Greenore. 1897 01/08 183 Pertinent Paragraphs. 'Jubilee' class 1897 01/08 187 Pertinent Paragraphs. List of 100 mile runs without a stop 1897 01/08 190 Interview Sir F.Harrison. Gen.Manager .Inc photos F.Harrison, Lord Stalbridge,F.Ree, 1897 01/09 193 TheR.Turnbull Euston Audit Office. J.Partington Chief of Audit Dept.LNW. Inc photos. 1897 01/09 245 24 Hours at a Railway Junction. Willesden (V.L.Whitchurch) 1897 01/09 263 What The Railways are Doing.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of the Steam Locomotive, 1803 to 1898 (1899)
    > g s J> ° "^ Q as : F7 lA-dh-**^) THE EVOLUTION OF THE STEAM LOCOMOTIVE (1803 to 1898.) BY Q. A. SEKON, Editor of the "Railway Magazine" and "Hallway Year Book, Author of "A History of the Great Western Railway," *•., 4*. SECOND EDITION (Enlarged). £on&on THE RAILWAY PUBLISHING CO., Ltd., 79 and 80, Temple Chambers, Temple Avenue, E.C. 1899. T3 in PKEFACE TO SECOND EDITION. When, ten days ago, the first copy of the " Evolution of the Steam Locomotive" was ready for sale, I did not expect to be called upon to write a preface for a new edition before 240 hours had expired. The author cannot but be gratified to know that the whole of the extremely large first edition was exhausted practically upon publication, and since many would-be readers are still unsupplied, the demand for another edition is pressing. Under these circumstances but slight modifications have been made in the original text, although additional particulars and illustrations have been inserted in the new edition. The new matter relates to the locomotives of the North Staffordshire, London., Tilbury, and Southend, Great Western, and London and North Western Railways. I sincerely thank the many correspondents who, in the few days that have elapsed since the publication: of the "Evolution of the , Steam Locomotive," have so readily assured me of - their hearty appreciation of the book. rj .;! G. A. SEKON. -! January, 1899. PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION. In connection with the marvellous growth of our railway system there is nothing of so paramount importance and interest as the evolution of the locomotive steam engine.
    [Show full text]
  • Liverpool to Manchester Overhead Line Electrification Environmental Assessment Report Volume 1: Main Text
    Liverpool to Manchester Overhead Line Electrification Environmental Assessment Report Volume 1: Main Text August 2011 Liverpool to Manchester OLE Environmental Assessment Report 5096672_ATK_R_027_Rev4.docx Liverpool to Manchester OLE Environmental Assessment Report Liverpool to Manchester Overhead Line Electrification Environmental Assessment Report Volume 1: Main Text August 2011 Notice This report was produced by Atkins Limited for Network Rail for the specific purpose of Liverpool to Manchester Overhead Line Electrification. This report may not be used by any person other than Network Rail‟s express permission. In any event, Atkins accepts no liability for any costs, liabilities or losses arising as a result of the use of or reliance upon the contents of this report by any person other than Network Rail. Document History JOB NUMBER: 5096672 DOCUMENT REF: 5096672/ATK/R/027 4 FINAL ISSUE (distribution EIA Teams 22/08/11 sites) 3 FINAL ISSUE EIA Teams 04/04/11 2 FINAL ISSUE EIA Teams 01/04/11 1 DRAFT EIA Teams 18/03/11 Revision Purpose Description Originated Checked Reviewed Authorised Date 5096672_ATK_R_027_Rev4.docx Liverpool to Manchester OLE Environmental Assessment Report Volume 1: Main Text Contents Section Page Glossary of Terms iv Executive Summary v Part I – Background Information 1 1. Introduction 2 1.1 General 2 1.2 Background to Project – The Case for Electrification 2 1.3 Scope and Content of the EAR 3 Part II - The Proposed Scheme 5 2. The Proposed Scheme 6 2.2 Site Location 6 2.3 Description of Site and Adjacent Land 6 2.4 Proposed Scheme 8 2.5 Access 12 2.6 Construction Programme 12 2.7 Construction Stage Environmental Management 12 Part III – Environmental Assessment 16 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Engineering Works Supplied by Northern Rail June 14 Huyton Blockade • Northern Hub Capacity Enhancement Scheme To
    Summary of engineering works supplied by Northern Rail June 14 Huyton blockade • Northern Hub Capacity Enhancement Scheme to deliver four tracks, with looping opportunities, through Roby and Huyton • Phase One, to be delivered in conjunction with electrification, provides a third line, and 90mph through line speeds to/from Manchester • The fourth line requires a small amount of land take and associated consents issues, but is intended to be delivered during 2016 • 9 day blockade from Saturday 5th July through to Sunday 14th July 2014 • Amended train service and rail replacement buses • Liverpool – Wigan – Preston: Two trains per hour St Helens Central – Wigan North Western (one per hour extending to/from Blackpool North) Preston – Ormskirk service will run to normal timetable but formed of 3 coaches Wigan – Kirkby service will run to normal timetable Replacement buses to serve stations between Liverpool Lime Street and St Helens Central On Saturday 13th and Sunday 14th July work will take place in the St Helens Central area, so buses will run between Liverpool and Wigan • Liverpool – Earlestown – Manchester/Warrington: On Monday to Friday between 0600 and 2200 access is available to St Helens Junction (single line working from Earlestown) One train per hour will run St Helens Junction – Manchester Victoria, increasing to two per hour at peak times Step free interchange available between trains and buses at St Helens Junction Overnight and at weekends electrification work is taking place over Sankey Viaduct (west of Earlestown)
    [Show full text]
  • Robert Stephenson and Planning the Construction of the London and Birmingham Railway
    Proceedings of the First International Congress on Construction History, Madrid, 20th-24th January 2003, ed. S. Huerta, Madrid: I. Juan de Herrera, SEdHC, ETSAM, A. E. Benvenuto, COAM, F. Dragados, 2003. Robert Stephenson and planning the construction of the London and Birmingham Railway Michael M. Chrimes It was the first of our great metropoJitan railroads, and its Institution of Civil Engineers had secured a Royal works are memorable examples of engineering capacity. Charter in 1828. There had been skills shortages in They became a guide to succeeding engineers; as al so did civil engineering in years of high demand, and it the plans and drawings . When Brunel entered upon the remained difficult to obtain adequate training in the construction of the Great Western \ine he borrowed profession. It was not until the 1820s that the majority Robert Stephenson's plans, and used them as the best of practioners had received training explicitly as civil possible system of draughting. From that time they became recognised models for railway practice. To have engineers, and not until 1841 that the Institution of originatcd such plans and forrns, thereby settling an Civil Engineers were to insist on this of its Members. important division of engineering literature, would have By the standard s of the time Robert Stephenson with madc a position for an ordinary mano In the list of Robert his training and university education, was well Stephenson' s achievements such a service appears so prepared. insignificant as scarcely to be worthy of note. At the time ofthe construction ofthe Liverpool and Manchester Railway in the late 1820s there were (Jeaffreson 1864, 1: 213).
    [Show full text]
  • UK Tentative List of Potential Sites for World Heritage Nomination
    The Great Western World Heritage Site Nomination for Inscription 2010 ‘Brunel, the greatest pioneering engineer of his age, had helped to forge the modern world’ Dan Cruickshank Contents Introduction 1. The Great Western World Heritage Site: The genesis of modern transport 2006 (English Heritage) 2. ‘Railways as World Heritage Sites’ ICOMOS 3. Comparison Railways 4. Public Opinion & Celebrations 5. Tourism 6. Network Rail – Ownership of the Proposed Site 7. Electrification 8. Local Authority Support 9. Site Management, Site Funding and Management Funding Conclusion Introduction ‘The wisest and safest plan in striking out a new path is to go straight in the direction we believe to be right, disregarding the small impedimenta which may appear to be in our way to design everything in the first instance for the best possible results….. and without yielding in the least to any prejudices now existing….. or any fear of the consequences’. (Brunel) It is said that the sign of greatness is the ability to inspire greatness in others. Isambard Kingdom Brunel’s most important legacy is the inspiration that he gives to future generations through his vision and sense of self belief. During his life, Brunel created the first inter-city mainline railway, transformed ocean going travel and built some of the most magnificent man-made structures in Britain, most of which still exist today. They were ground-breaking and innovative for their age and being, in the main, accessible to the public, are still to marvel at today. *********************************************************** 1. The Great Western World Heritage Site: The genesis of modern transport 2006 (English Heritage) This report clearly made a very strong case for the inscription and should be given the due weight it deserves and not forgotten.
    [Show full text]
  • Railway Reminiscences
    rafc ^' NQTJSS ''SUPEB/. CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FROM Cornell University Library HE3018.2.N37 A3 Railway reminiscences. 3 1924 030 116 960 olin RAILWAY REMINISCENCES. All books are subject to recall after two weeks Olin/Kroch Library DATE DUE ' RAILWAY REMINISCENCES BY GEORGE P. NEELE, LATE SUTERINTENDENT OF THE LINE OF THE LONDON AND NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY. NOTES AND REMINISCENCES OF HALF A century's PROGRESS IN RAILWAY WORKING, AND OF A RAILWAY SUPERINTENDENT'S LIFE, PRINCIPALLY ON THE LONDON AND NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY, WITH SOME SUPPLEMENTARY MEMORANDA AS TO THE RAILWAY JOURNEYS TO AND FROM SCOTLAND MADE BY HER LATE MAJESTY QUEEN VICTORIA. XonDon: M'^CORQUODALE & CO., LIMITED, PRINTERS, CARDINGTON STREET. 1904. ^7 A77373S" PREFACE. Owing to suggestions made from time to time by old comrades in railway life, I have been induced to put together some record of the part I have taken in connection with the inner working of Railways; going back to very early experiences, and through gradual developments extending over a long series of years, to the time when it became advisable for me to retire from the daily pressure of the work. A railway service commencing in 1847, carries one back a long way towards association with those who were the actual pioneers of our railway system ; from whom we learnt our first lessons, by whose successes we have profited, by whose failures we have acquired knowledge ; and on whose foundation we have endeavoured to raise a superstructure of so sub- stantial a character, that those who follow in our steps will have no reason to be ashamed of their predecessors.
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Heritage Analysis
    Global Strategy Studies Industrial Heritage Analysis World Heritage List and Tentative List Michael Falser (Austria) Stagiaire 15.8.-15.10.2001 UNESCO World Heritage Centre Asia-Pacific Region Minja Yang Table of Contents 0. Overview - Aim of Work 4 1. The UNESCO World Heritage 4 1.1. Convention, World Heritage Committee, Advisory Bodies, World Heritage List and Tentative List 4 1.2. The UNESCO World Heritage Centre and its Mandate 5 2. The World Heritage List and Global Strategy 6 2.1. The World Heritage List and Global Strategy 6 2.2. Trends, Analysis, Issues, Lacuna to address 6 3. Industrial Heritage 9 3.1. Definition 9 3.2. Industrial Heritage on the World Heritage List 9 3.3. Proposed Classification System (HEAR) 13 3.4. Classification and Introduction of the Industrial World Heritage Sites 14 4. Analysis of the Tentative List 16 4.1. Definition of the Tentative List and The Operational Guidelines 16 4.2. Classification of Industrial Heritage on the Tentative List 16 4.3. Classification by Region 17 4.3.1. Africa Region 17 4.3.1.1. Table and Map - Description 17 4.3.1.2. Trends 18 4.3.1.3. Highlights 18 4.3.2. Arab States Region 19 4.3.2.1. Table and Map - Description 19 4.3.2.2. Trends 19 4.3.2.3. Highlights 20 2 4.3.3. Asia / Pacific Region 21 4.3.3.1. Table and Map - Description 21 4.3.3.2. Trends 22 4.3.3.3. Highlights 22 4.3.4. Europe / North America Region 23 4.3.4.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Sankey Viaduct
    Trips Out from Eccles Station J.E.Rayner 2009 Forty eight EARLESTOWN – SANKEY VIADUCT. A short rail trip across Chat Moss, then a visit to a railway wonder of the Georgian world. It’s a bit of a road walk at either end (or use buses from bus station) but the middle stretch is very pleasant indeed. On Fridays in there is a thriving open-air market at Earlestown. Catch a stopping train to Earlestown. After Patricroft the train runs on lines floated over the Barton Moss and Chat Moss peat bogs. There are views of winter hill to the north and then the mills of Atherton and Leigh. Alight at Earlestown station. It was once a major north, south, east, and west rail junction, built for The Grand Junction Railway. Notice the sharp curves on this early line. Leave the station via platform 5 (the Warrington platform) and head straight down the approach road passing The Sunbeam pub. Bear right along the main road for some way. Notice the unusual parish church down an avenue on the left. After passing the Wargrave Inn take Bradlegh Road on the right. (The site of Vulcan Foundry is just beyond this corner across the Bowling Green. Beyond is Vulcan Village built for the foundry workers and now nicely renovated) . Pass the bus stop and take the path that goes at forty-five degrees left across the grass from the corner of Bradlegh Road with Tyler Road. Go through the stile and cross the small bridge over the stream. At the end of this path U turn to your right to join the towpath alongside the St Helens Canal (built to link all the industry of St Helens with Warrington and the Mersey).
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage Background Paper, April 2020
    ST HELENS BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2020-2035 HERITAGE BACKGROUND PAPER APRIL 2020 ST HELENS BOROUGH LOCAL PLAN 2020-2035 HERITAGE BACKGROUND PAPER (APRIL 2020) Contents 1. LOCAL CONTEXT .......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 2. BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ST HELENS ....................... 2 3. POLICY CONTEXT, EVIDENCE BASE AND HERITAGE ASSETS IN ST HELENS ......................................................................................................... 6 3.1 Policy Guidance .......................................................................................................... 6 3.2 National Guidance ....................................................................................................... 7 3.3 The SHBLP and NPPF Historic Environment requirements for Local Plans ............... 8 3.4 THE SHBLP AND PPG HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR LOCAL PLANS ...................................................................................................................... 11 3.5 Local Guidance ......................................................................................................... 16 4. HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT: A POSITIVE STRATEGY ................................. 23 4.1 Guiding Principles ..................................................................................................... 23 4.2 Policy Flow ...............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • NEWTON-LE-WILLOWS 1821-1851 Lynton J. Smith, M.A., B.Litt
    THE IMPACT OF THE LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY ON A SOUTH LANCASHIRE TOWNSHIP: NEWTON-LE-WILLOWS 1821-1851 Lynton J. Smith, M.A., B.Litt. (Oxon), M.A. (Land.) EWTON-LE-WILLOWS1 is situated on the lowlands of N south Lancashire, on the route to the north by way of Warrington, Wigan and Preston. From Saxon times until 1830 the village of Newton was in the east of the township, situated on an inlier of bunter sandstone overlooking a crossing place on the River Deane; this sandstone area provided a dry site and a water supply from shallow wells. The remainder of the township is a broad spread of boulder clay alluvial tracts limited to the stream courses, which find their way southwards to the Mersey. Most of the area is not subject to flooding. (Fig. i) Between 1559, the date of its creation as a borough sending two representatives to Parliament, and 1830, Newton-le-Willows experienced few events of any significance. The township was visited by armed groups from both sides during the Civil War and there were skirmishes in the area, including the Battle of Winwick Pass or Red Bank to the south in 1648. In 1660 Richard Legh purchased the barony from Sir Thomas Fleetwood and gained control of the parliamentary borough.2 Richard Legh was elected Member of Parliament for Newton in the year of the purchase. The old chapel in the village, founded in 1242, had fallen into disuse and Richard Legh began to rebuild it in 1682.3 Two years earlier horse racing on Newton Common, at the west end of the township, was recorded for the first time.4 Newton had become a prosperous market town by the end of the seventeenth century; this prosperity continued throughout the eighteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Engineering Heritage in Europe
    Civil Engineering Heritage in Europe 18th – 21st Century CIVIL ENGINEERING HERITAGE IN EUROPE CIVIL ENGINEERING HERITAGE IN EUROPE Contributions from the following ECCE members Categories CROATIA Page 046 - 075 AIRPORTS CYPRUS Page 076 - 085 BRIDGES FINLAND Page 086 - 099 BUILDINGS FRANCE Page 100 - 127 CANALS GREAT BRITAIN Page 128 - 161 GREECE Page 162 - 187 DAMS HUNGARY Page 188 - 203 HARBOURS IRELAND, Republic and Northern Page 204 - 215 HIGHWAYS and ROADS LATVIA Page 216 - 221 HYDROPOWER PLANTS LITHUANIA Page 222 - 227 MALTA Page 228 - 237 INFRASTRUCTURE PORTUGAL Page 238 - 251 RAILWAYS ROMANIA Page 252 - 279 RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS SLOVAKIA Page 280 - 291 RESTORATION SLOVENIA Page 292 - 319 TUNNELS SPAIN Page 320 - 339 TURKEY Page 340 - 367 TOWERS 2 3 CIVIL ENGINEERING HERITAGE IN EUROPE CIVIL ENGINEERING HERITAGE IN EUROPE Civil engineering plays an important role in society and, in particular, in the protection of cultural heritage. Vassilis P. Economopoulos ECCE President* Restoration of Acropolis Athens, Greece * Elected for the period Oct. 2008 - Oct. 2010 4 5 CIVIL ENGINEERING HERITAGE IN EUROPE CIVIL ENGINEERING HERITAGE IN EUROPE ■ Temppeliaukio Church .............................................................................................................. 092 ■ Finlandia Hall ................................................................................................................................. 094 ■ Jätkänkynttilä .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]