Beogradska Škola Meteorologije Sveska Treća

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Beogradska Škola Meteorologije Sveska Treća Милан Т. Стеванчевић Недељко Тодоровић Милан Радовановић Владан Дуцић Милан Миленковић Београдска школа метеорологије Свеска трећа Belgrade School of Meteorology Volume 3. Београд, 2010. По српском календару 7519. година Biblioteka : Naučna istraživanja Autori Milan T. Stevančević Nedeljko Todorović Milan Radovanović Vladan Ducić Milan Milenković Beogradska škola meteorologije Sveska treća Belgrade School of Meteorology Volume 3. Izdavač Milan T. Stevančević Kompjuterska obrada Dejan M. Stevančević Štampa: “LOG” Beograd Direktor Raša Ivanović Prevod na engleski Jelena Radovanović CIP – Kаталогизација у публикацији Народна библиотека Србије 551 . 5(082) БЕОГРАДСКА школа метеорологије. Св. 3 = Belgrade School of Mete orology. Volume 3. / Милан Т. Стеванчевић ........(ет ал): (Превод на енглески Јелена Радовановић).. –Београд : Милан Т. Стеванчевић, 2010. ( Београд : Лог) 326 страна : 24 см. - Библиo тека научна истраживања Радови на српском и енглеском језику. –Текст ћир. и лат. Тираж 150 . – Библиографија уз поједине радове. – Apstracts. ISBN 978-86-904985-5-0 А) Метеорологија – Зборници COBIS . SR- ID 174624780 © 2010 All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, recording or atherwise, without written permission. Beogradska škola meteorologije 1 Sadržaj : Предговор ....................................................................................... 5 PREFACE ………………………………………………………... 9 1. Električne munje.................................................................... 13 Stevančević Milan, Todorović Nedeljko 1.1.1. Klasifikacija električnih struja....................................14 1.1.2. Stvaranje slobodnih električnih opterećenja…....…...14 1.1.3. Stvaranje konvekcione električne struje…..…………14 1.1.4. Strujno polje...............................................................15 1.1.5. Magnetska indukcija...................................................16 1.1.6. Cirkulacija vektora magnetskog polja....................... 18 1.1.7. Veza između elektromagnetnih i fizičkih veličina.......19 1.2.1. Magnetski efekat slobodnih električnih opterećenja...20 1.2.2. Globalna raspodela munja..........................................22 1.3.1. Izvori slobodnih električnih opterećenja….…….…. 23 1.3.2. Galaktička slobodna električna opterećenja….…… 23 1.3.3. Slobodna električna opterećenja sunčevog porekla.. 27 1.3.4. Polarni sateliti............................................................ 28 1.4.1. Kretanja u magnetnom polju ......................................29 1.4.2. Prodor slobodnih električnih opterećenja u atmosferu............................................ 32 1.4.3. Stvaranje strujnih polja u atmosferi….…………….. 33 1.4.4. Akumulacija slobodnih električnih opterećenja......... 36 1.4.5. Otvaranje strujnog polja........................................... 37 1.4.6. Definicija meteorologije..............................................39 1.4.7. Duhovi (Sprites)..................................................40 1.5.1. Karakteristike protonskih munja............................... 42 2 Heliocentrična meteorologija 1.5.2. Karakteristika elektronskih munja............................. 44 1.5.3. Zavisnost jačine struje od geografske širine...............45 1.6.1. Oblik lokacija munja.................................................. 46 1.6.2. Kretanja strujnih polja u atmosferi…..……………...49 1.6.3. Radijalni vetar ............................................................50 1.6.4. Cirkulacioni vetar.......................................................52 1.6.5. Cirkulaciona kretanja unutar zone otvaranja strujnog polja..............................................................53 1.7.1. Vertikalna silazna advekcija vazdušnih masa.............54 1.8.1. Lokacije protonskih munja..........................................57 1.9.1. Evropska severozapadna magnetna linija……....…...61 1.10.1. Izvor najvećeg broja munja u jednom danu..............63 1.10.2. Evropske jugozapadne magnetne linije….….……...66 1.10.3 Ekvatorijalna slobodna električna opterećenja.........68 1.11.1. Period sa najvećim brojem munja u 2009. godini....73 1.11.2. Dan sa najmanjim brojem munja u Evropi…..…….75 1.12.1. Grmljavina................................................................76 1.12.2. Zvučni signal grmljavine...........................................77 1.12.3. Kotrljanje subatomskih čestica.................................78 1.12.4. Zvučni signal munje................................................. 78 1.13.1. Veličanstvena harmonija prirode….…….…………79 1.14.1. Termalni ekvator.......................................................81 1.14.2. Bermudski trougao....................................................83 1.15.1. Bezbednost vazdušne plovidbe..................................85 1.16.1. Šematski prikaz nastanka meteoroloških pojava......86 1.17.1. Hipoteza o novoj definiciji munja.............................89 1.18.1. Analiza učestalosti električnih munja na području Beograda u periodu od 1975. do 2009.......................97 1.19.1. Jačina električne struje munje u funkciji geoefektivne pozicije ..............................106 2. Šumski požari........................................................................... 107 Milan Stevančević 2.1.1. Osnovni uzroci velikih šumskih požara.....................108 2.1.2. Požari u Evropi 2009. godine...................................106 3. Zemljotres na Haitima 12. januara 2010. godine....................115 Milan Stevančević Beogradska škola meteorologije 3 4. A Contribution to the Study of the Genesis of Cyclones……...133 Milan Radovanović, Boško Milovanović 5. Istraživanje gradacija gubara u funkciji solarnog fluksa na 2.8 GHz..................….…………………...165 Milan Milenković, Nedeljko Todorović, Milan T. Stevančević, Vladan Ducić, Milan Radovanović, Boško Milovanović 6. Heliocentrična meteorologija kao put za uspostavljanje Srpskog kalendara ……………………………….……..... 191 Milan T. Stevančević 7. Срећна Нова 7519. година................................................253 Извештај Београдске школе метеорологије 8. Sunčeva aktivnost i najveći šumski požari u novijoj istoriji Deliblaske Peščare……………….……...…..255 Milan Milenković, Milan Radovanović, Vladan Ducić, Milan Stevančević 9. Српско српски речник, Цар....................................................295 Радован Дамјановић 10. Утицај Сунчевог ветра на атмосферску циркулацију на примеру Хес-Брезовски класификације.......................... 297 Владан Дуцић, Горица Станојевић 11. ПРОМЕНЕ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЕ ВАЗДУХА НА ПЛАНЕТИ И У СРБИЈИ У ПЕРИОДУ САТЕЛИТСКИХ МЕРЕЊА И СУНЧЕВА АКТИВНОСТ ........................................................................ 315 Јелена Луковић, Владан Дуцић 4 Heliocentrična meteorologija Beogradsku meteorološku školu osnovali 2006. godine: - Milan T. Stevančević B. Sc. E. Eng. Rodonačelnik heliocentrične elektromagnetne meteorologije; - Nedeljko Todorović Diplomirani meteorolog – prognostičar, Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; - Milan Radovanović Direktor Geografskog institute “Jovan Cvijić“ Srpska akademija nauke i umetnosti SANU; - Vladan Ducić Vanredni professor, Geografski fakultet, Beograd. Autori saradnici: -Nataša Marjanović, Diplomirani geograf. Geografski fakultet, Beograd; -Boško Milovanović, Geographical institute “Jovan Cvijić” Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia; -Dragana Vujović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics, Department of Meteorology, Serbia; -Mira Paskota, University of Belgrade, The Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, Serbia; -Aleksandar Pešić, Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; -Radovan Damjanović, Diplomirani istoričar, profesor istorije; -Gorica Stanojević, Diplomirani geograf. Geografski fakultet, Beograd; -Jelena Luković, Istraživač saradnik, Geografski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu. Beogradska škola meteorologije 5 Предговор У претходне две свеске отворен је велики број питања пре свега у области метеорологије. У ширим стручним круговима донедавно се за њих није ни знало из простог разлога што су се тек последњих деценија, развојем космичке технологије, стекли метролошки услови да се сагледа до тада непозната страна процеса у атмосфери Земље. Таква мерења, обогаћена новим сазнањима о значају Сунчеве електромагнетне и корпускуларне енергије, омогућила су да се на сасвим другачији начин почне да размишља и истражује у метеорологији и у свим другим блиским научним областима. Досадашња сазнања не дају потпун одговор на многа питања. Тачније, дат је изузетно добар опис метеоролошких феномена, који подупрт математичким апаратом (систем једначина кретања и термодинамике, итд) даје добре резултате у стварању модела атмосфере у циљу анализе и прогнозе (на ограничени рок), али не даје потпун одговор зашто се то догађа, зашто се, на пример, тропски циклони стварају у северном Атлантику, а у јужном не, иако је море једнако топло, зашто се ствара грмљавински облак у релативно уској зони а у суседној не, иако су потенцијални услови за његово стварање једнаки, или одакле водена пара за стварање сребрнастих облака у стратосфери на висинама изнад 80 км. У досадашњим разматрaњима недостаје изворна сила, која је поред гравитационе силе узрочник свих макро процеса на Земљи и у космосу, а то је електромагнетна сила. У овој свесци обрађује се много разноврсних тема. Прва, вероватно најзначајнија, јер из ње проистиче разумевање осталих, јесте сагледавање настанка електричних муња у атмосфери Земље. Прати се динамика кретања наелектрисаних честица Сунчевог ветра кроз планетарна
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