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Ponto Urbe, 5 | 2009, «Ponto Urbe 5» [Online], Posto Online No Dia 01 Dezembro 2009, Consultado O 23 Março 2021 Ponto Urbe Revista do núcleo de antropologia urbana da USP 5 | 2009 Ponto Urbe 5 Edição electrónica URL: http://journals.openedition.org/pontourbe/87 DOI: 10.4000/pontourbe.87 ISSN: 1981-3341 Editora Núcleo de Antropologia Urbana da Universidade de São Paulo Refêrencia eletrónica Ponto Urbe, 5 | 2009, «Ponto Urbe 5» [Online], posto online no dia 01 dezembro 2009, consultado o 23 março 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/pontourbe/87; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/ pontourbe.87 Este documento foi criado de forma automática no dia 23 março 2021. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 1 SUMÁRIO Editorial Artigos Ayahuasca, dependência química e alcoolismo Marcelo S. Mercante Nos “arredores” e na “capital”: as pesquisas da Sociedade de Etnografia e Folclore (1937-1939) Luísa Valentini Os Estados da Arte Dissidente na Continuidade com a Tradição Oaskeira Wagner Lins Lira Seguindo Sacolas Pretas em Busca de Igualdade e Pertencimento Mercado informal, ilegalidade e consumo dos negros pobres em New York City Márcio Macedo “Meu professor é a bola”: a dinâmica multifacetada do aprendizado futebolístico Enrico Spaggiari Entrevista Entrevista : Alba Zaluar Alba Zaluar e Lilian de Lucca Torres Graduação em Campo VIII Graduação em Campo: espaço a jovens pesquisadores e incentivo à pesquisa de campo na área de Antropologia Urbana Imagens e memória: a Campinas dos postais Samuel Leal Mapeando práticas e discursos: Sobre a experiência de campo na Lapa (RJ) e da tentativa de compreender a noção de gentrification (2008) Natália Helou Fazzioni A camisa do colégio: a reprodução de estigmas sociais pela escola e a construção de identidades para as juventudes cariocas (2008) Marcella Carvalho de Araujo Silva As produções audiovisuais de jovens da periferia e a auto-representação (2008) Flávia Fernandes Belletati Agentes penitenciários de Itirapina, SP: identidade e hierarquia Raphael T. Sabaini Ponto Urbe, 5 | 2009 2 Agência das medicinas, agência dos sujeitos: produzindo corpos intensivos e alter-ações no Fogo Sagrado Aline Ferreira Oliveira Os limites da tradução jurídica na inscrição da morte como experiência Maíra Vale Flores e velas que falam no silêncio: perspectivas Maíra Cavalcanti Vale Os bolivianos na periferia de Guarulhos Ana Lídia de Oliveira Aguiar A etapa final: notas acerca do mito Balboa Fernanda Loureiro, Henrique Gonçalves e Juliana Jardim Décroissance: entre política e meio ambiente Ana Flávia Pulsini Louzada Bádue Conexão política em espaços urbanos: estudos etnográficos sobre atuações de parlamentares na cidade do Rio de Janeiro Laís Salgueiro Garcez, Mayã Martins e Patrícia Soares Vieira “Alfama não cheira a fado, mas não tem outra canção” ou “Tudo isso é a alma do Rio, é samba”: As Cidades Descobertas através do Samba, do Choro e do Fado Marina Bay Frydberg “Samba das cabrochas”: Identidades de gêneros e expressão emotiva em uma roda de samba no Rio de Janeiro (2008) Caroline Peres Couto Escarafunchando mundos e construindo espaços: uma etnografia do olhar Carlos Gomes de Castro e Laís Jabace Maia Sobre crença e afeto: diálogos de um candomblé na cidade Amanda Horta, Juliana Soares Campos e Pedro Moutinho Tradução Paris, Cidade Invisível: O Plasma - Bruno Latour Bruno Latour Etnotícias Dia do Surdo na Avenida Paulista: Etnografando a Mobilização Política Pelas Escolas Especiais César Augusto de Assis Silva, Cibele Barbalho Assênsio, Leslie Lopes Sandes e Priscila Alves de Almeida A Cidade de São Paulo e as Suas Dinâmicas Religiosas Pierina Soratto Impressões etnográficas do Tribunal do Júri do assassinato de Aline Silveira Soares: o caso da morte do RPG Ana Letícia de Fiori Ponto Urbe, 5 | 2009 3 Resenhas O Carnaval Visto dos Bastidores Marina Mazze Cerchiaro Potencialidades de Novas Formas de Fazer Etnografia: Imagem e Conhecimento Daniel Belik Vozes Marginais na Literatura Alexandre Barbosa Pereira Ponto Urbe, 5 | 2009 4 Editorial 1 A revista Ponto Urbe em seu quinto número apresenta algumas mudanças de fundo: a renovação da Comissão Editorial, um visual novo e uma alteração na proposta. A estrutura das seções, porém, continua a mesma: em Artigos contamos com a contribuição de Luiza Valentini sobre a Sociedade de Etnografia e Folclore – e que pode ser considerada uma homenagem, ainda que não deliberada, a Lévi-Strauss, pois nela se percebe a presença de ambos, Dina e Claude, quando de sua estada em São Paulo. Marcelo Mercante e Wagner Lira discutem o tema da ayahuasca, num caso como recurso terapêutico e no outro a partir das disputas em um campo religioso; Márcio Macedo descreve uma experiência que está vivendo em Nova York, em seu doutorado; e Enrico Spaggiari apresenta em primeira mão um aspecto da tese de mestrado, sobre escolinhas de futebol na periferia, recentemente defendida na USP. 2 A seção Tradução traz a seus leitores um artigo sobre a cidade de Paris, de Bruno Latour, que gentilmente respondeu à solicitação de Ponto Urbe, autorizando a publicação. A Entrevista foi realizada com a profª Alba Zaluar, conhecida antropóloga que foi convidada para proferir a conferência sobre os desafios de uma etnografia feita em situações de risco, com base em sua experiência no Rio de Janeiro, na abertura do VIII Seminário Graduação em Campo realizado pelo Núcleo de Antropologia Urbana (NAU) nas dependências da FFLCH da USP, em setembro deste ano. Aliás, é em relação a este evento que se refere a alteração de proposta, acima mencionada. Com o propósito de valorizar o trabalho de pesquisa de campo realizado por alunos de graduação, nos diferentes cursos de Ciências Sociais e Antropologia no Brasil, dando-lhes visibilidade, a Comissão Editorial decidiu abrir mais espaço e publicar os papers indicados pelos debatedores das várias mesas e open spaces do encontro de 2009. 3 Esta é a razão pela qual a seção Graduação em Campo apresenta mais artigos que o habitual e traz, ainda, os comentários dos debatedores que os indicaram. Temos, ainda, três resenhas sobre livros recém-lançados e, finalmente, como Etnotícias, experiências de campo de diferentes grupos de pesquisa do NAU: um evento com a Comunidade Canção Nova, de orientação carismática e a comemoração do Dia do Surdo – ambos na cidade de São Paulo – além do relato sobre o julgamento de um assassinato atribuído a participantes do RPG, em Ouro Preto (MG.) 4 Prof. Dr. José Guilherme Cantor Magnani Ponto Urbe, 5 | 2009 5 Ponto Urbe, 5 | 2009 6 Artigos Ponto Urbe, 5 | 2009 7 Ayahuasca, dependência química e alcoolismo Marcelo S. Mercante Introdução A bebida psicoativa conhecida, entre vários nomes, como ayahuasca, vem sendo consumida por povos indígenas em toda região amazônica por mais de 4000 anos (Naranjo, 1986). Os princípios ativos mais importantes nesta beberagem são as beta-carbolinas, oriundas do cipó Banisteriopsis caapi, e a dimetiltriptamina (DMT), oriunda das folhas de Psychotria viridis (Winkelman, 1996). Ambas as substâncias atuam sobre o nível de serotonina no cérebro (Mercante, 2006b). 1 A partir da década de 1930 a ayahuasca passou a ser utilizada como sacramento principal de três sistemas religiosos brasileiros, a Barquinha, o Santo Daime, e a União do Vegetal (ver Labate & Araújo, 2002). Labate (2004) aponta que a ayahuasca também vem sendo utilizada de diversas outras formas, dentre as quais, terapeuticamente. 2 O uso ritual da ayahuasca teria como resultado uma psicointegração do sistema nervoso (Winkelman, 2000). Uma das características mais marcantes do efeito do uso desta bebida dentro de um contexto ritual/ritualizado (considerando aqui que mesmo quando utilizada terapeuticamente, este uso mantêm uma certa ritualização – ver Labate, 2004) é a presença de “visões” ou imagens mentais espontâneas, mais comumente chamadas de mirações (ver Mercante, 2002, 2004, 2006a, 2006b, 2006c e Shanon, 2002). 3 Acompanhei durante o ano de 2007 o grupo Ablusa (Associação Beneficente Luz de Salomão), liderada pelo psiquiatra Wilson Gonzaga. Desde 1999 este grupo vem utilizando a ayahuasca (denominada por eles “Vegetal”, pois este grupo é uma Ponto Urbe, 5 | 2009 8 dissidência da União do Vegetal) em rituais especificamente voltados para moradores de rua na cidade de São Paulo, visando assim auxiliar na melhora da qualidade de vida destas pessoas (Labate, 2004). Busquei analisar as relações entre as “mirações” experienciadas por participantes dos rituais com ayahuasca promovidos pela Ablusa que se identificaram como tendo problemas no uso de álcool e/ou outras substâncias e possíveis modificações nos hábitos no consumo de álcool e/ou outras substâncias. 4 Estamos presenciando a abertura de uma nova via de tratamento de alcoolismo e dependência química. Vários fatores influenciam tanto no surgimento do dependente químico e do alcoólatra quanto na recuperação dos mesmos. A proposta de um tratamento como este, seguindo as idéias que norteiam o trabalho da Ablusa, é “cuidar do ser humano como um todo, de forma holística”, não se tratando apenas o alcoolismo ou a dependência química, mas buscando “no mais profundo do ser as causas do surgimento destes processos”. Ou seja, mais do que cuidar de um problema específico, o trabalho da Ablusa visa transformar a vida de seus “assistidos” como um todo. Existem, mais uma vez até onde tenho conhecimento, centros que utilizam psicoativos como base de tratamento no Peru (Takiwasi), na Argentina (Ayllu Tinkuy) e no Brasil (ver Adendo). 5 Um fator importante, que deve ser levado em consideração, é que esta instituição está utilizando a ayahuasca ritualisticamente como ferramenta terapêutica
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