Mega-Events and Human Rights Violations in Rio de Janeiro Dossier World Cup and Olympics Popular Committee of Rio de Janeiro | november 2015 Rio 2016 Olympics: e Exclusion Games LIST OF MAPS, FIGURES AND TABLES Housing Map 1.1. Location of Minha Casa, Minha Vida developments by size of development and type of occupation – Rio de Janeiro, 2012 | 18 Mega-Events and Human Rights Violations Table 1.1. Summary of the Number of Families Removed or under !reat of Removal by Community in the City of Rio de Janeiro, in 2015 | 36 in Rio de Janeiro Dossier Table 1.2. Property value increase according to the FIPE ZAP Index of O"ered Real Estate Prices – August 2015 | 40 World Cup and Olympics Popular Committee Mobility of Rio de Janeiro | november 2015 Table 2.1. Main ongoing collective transportation projects in Rio de Janeiro | 44 Sports Figure 4.1. Original zoning of the APA of Marapendi | 86 Figure 4.2. Golf Course, land reserved for operational activities of the Olympic events, and unassigned protection areas of Marapendi Park | 89 Public Safety Table of people killed and wounded at Complexo do Alemão as reported by the local Pacifying Police Unit (UPP) | 113 Information and Budget Graph 9.1. Total Budget for the Olympics according to the Finality of expenses (in thousands of millions), August 2015 | 140 Table 9.1. Investments of the Public Policies Plan, Olympic Project – Rio de Janeiro, 2015 | 142 Table 9.2. Responsibility Matrix of the Rio de Janeiro Olympics, August 2015 | 144 Table of resource shares, according to the Government, September 2015 | 145 Table of resource shares, according to the Popular Committee, September 2015 | 145 Table 9.3. Construction companies hired through public biddings of large developments connected to the Olympics in the city of Rio de Janeiro – 2014 | 147 Table of Contents LIST OF MAPS, FIGURES AND TABLES | 2 Introduction. Rio 2016 Olympics: the exclusion games | 7 1. Housing | 19 BOX 1. PROPERTY VALUE INCREASE IN THE OLYMPIC CITY | 40 2. Urban Mobility: transportation revolution for whom? | 43 BOX 2. THE END OF BUS CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE SOUTHERN AND NORTHERN ZONES | 52 3. Work: informal trade repression and slavery practices in formal work | 55 BOX 3. HOMELESS POPULATION AND THE OLYMPICS | 64 4. Sports: where is the Olympic legacy? | 67 4.1. !e Maracanã Complex | 68 4.2. !e Célio de Barros Athletics Stadium | 70 4.3. !e Júlio Delamare Water Park | 72 4.4. !e Olympic Park | 73 4.5. !e Glória Docks | 75 4.6. !e Rowing Stadium at Lagoa: a “smoke and mirrors” stadium | 81 4.7. !e Golf Course: Golf for whom? | 86 BOX 4. THE FISHERMEN OF THE RODRIGO DE FREITAS LAGOON | 91 BOX 5. THE OLYMPIC GAMES AND THE “NON LEGACY” OF THE 2007 PANAMERICAN GAMES | 92 5. !e Environment: contradictions on the Olympic environmental discourse | 95 6. Public Safety: !e Olympics, militarization and racism | 101 BOX 6. ARMY OCCUPATION OF THE COMPLEXO DA MARÉ | 108 BOX 7. THE PACIFYING POLICE UNIT UPP AT COMPLEXO DO ALEMÃO | 112 BOX 8. MEGAOPERATIONS: THE CASE OF ACARI | 117 BOX 9. OLYMPICS WITHOUT APARTHEID | 119 7. Gender: Women’s protagonism in popular struggles in the city of Rio de Janeiro | 123 BOX 10. PROSTITUTION IS NOT A CRIME AND SEXUAL TOURISM IS LEGAL | 125 8. Children and Adolescents: conditions of vulnerability and violence | 129 9. Information and Budget: obscure games | 139 BOX 11. INFORMATION RIGHTS VIOLATIONS AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY OF PUBLIC POWERS | 150 10. Resistance Initiatives of the World Cup and Olympics Popular Committee | 155 11. Proposals of the World Cup and Olympics Popular Committee: for a city to all people, with social justice and democracy | 169 BOX 12. HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW | 178 5 Rio 2016 Olympics: the exclusion games. e World Cup and Olympics Popular Committee of Rio de Janeiro launches the fourth version of the Mega-Events and Human Rights in Rio de Janeiro Dossier. e rst version, launched in March 2012, outlined a broad picture of human rights violations related to the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympics, concerning questions of housing, mobility, work, sports, public safety, information, participation and the economy. Unfortunately, three years after that publication, some of those situations have exacerbated. e City of Rio de Janeiro is the stage for several projects, initially aiming at the preparation of the city for the 2014 Wold Cup, and, now, for the 2016 Olympic Games. Developments include new sporting facilities, renovation of existing sporting equipment, infrastructure for urban mobility (modernisation and expansion of the Underground, construction of bus corridors and urban transportation systems, road works and renovations at the International Airport Tom Jobim), and urban restructuring projects. is version of the Dossier brings new and upgraded information covering the following topics: housing, mobility, work, sports, the environment, public safety, gender, children and adolescents, and information and budgeting. Furthermore, it reports the resistance actions of the Popular Committee and alternative proposals for the project of a fully inclusive city, with democracy and social justice, and adds boxes containing several violation cases which illustrate the seriousness of the incidents in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Four questions brought to light by this Dossier, which contradict the ocial discourse of the International Olympic Committee, the federal and state governments and, mainly, Rio de Janeiro’s City Hall, deserve to be especially highlighted and reveal the direction of the ongoing transformations of the city. Firstly, contrary to the discourse of City Hall, which tries to deny and conceal the cause of forced removals that are taking place, this report demonstrates that the removals connected to the Olympics go on aecting or threatening thousands of families, through coercion or institutional violence, gravely violating human rights, especially housing rights. Secondly, the chapter on sports deserves attention, as it was created based on visits to sporting facilities and interviews with athletes, users and activists. In that section, the absence of a sporting legacy that benets the whole city of Rio de Janeiro, democratising the population’s access to sporting equipment, is evident. On the contrary, justied by the Olympics’ discourse, we can see a series of violations associated with the privatisation of public spaces, disrespect 6 7 of environmental legislation, and the closure of sporting facilities used by athletes and the come from the streets and criticise the violation of the right to free protest. population. Some achievements were possible through popular struggle, resistance and mobilisation. e irdly, it is possible to observe the growing militarization of the city, within a aggressive and political articulation of the World Cup and Olympics Committee accomplished results to create racist public safety policy, which aects mainly young black males living in slums and the agendas and actions which gained social visibility in the context of urban social struggles. Still suburbs, who are murdered daily by the police. However, everyone is aected by this fear- there is plenty to do, and the achievements are limited and fragile, in face of the projects imposed based policy through the creation of visible and invisible walls which promote the socio-spatial on the city. is Dossier is an important element in this struggle for the Right to the City, and segregation of the city, and through the growing criminalisation of social movements. more than just denouncing for public authorities and the international community the violation of rights and illegalities perpetrated in the name of private interests against the population, it is Finally, it is worth remarking on the right to information and to the transparency of public an invitation to mobilisation. management. While concealing information, City Hall spreads the idea that public expenses are smaller than private expenses for Rio 2016 Olympics preparations. is report unmasks e violation of rights, especially those of the poorest population, did not start with sporting the fallacy of this claim, and shows that the costs of the Olympics, besides being higher than mega-events but, as demonstrated, became worse. e interventions in the city by large urban those ocially divulged, have a public cost way above the private contribution. Moreover, projects accelerated with exception laws and the directing of voluminous public resources, through public-private partnerships and the concentration of contracts with few large building increasing the scale and reach of this model. companies, one can say that the Olympics represents the transfer of public resources to the private sector, subordinating public interests to market logic. us, when looking at the city’s preparation process for the Olympics, it is possible to assert, disappointingly, Rio 2016 Olympics: the exclusion games! Unfortunately, however, the impacts are not limited to these highlights, but comprise the whole set of topics in this Dossier, involving a mobility project subordinated to real estate interests, is Dossier is also an invitation to popular movements, unions, civil society organisations, the repression of street vendors and prostitutes, and the violation of the rights of children and human rights defenders, and citizens committed to social and environmental justice, to join adolescents. the World Cup and Olympics Popular Committee of Rio de Janeiro in the ght for a dierent project for the city. A project