DOCSLIB.ORG

144519409.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
144519409.Pdf CHANGES IN LAND USE AND CROP PATTERNS IN GANGA-YAMUNA DOAB SINCE 1911 TO 1961 THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF JBoctor of ^I)ilO!5opI)p IN GEOGRAPHY By Kr. Shafaat All Khan DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIQARH 1980 ijui \m /^oo^ u*^ T2161 ^KECKED imjn \i^.:JiWA>.A...^ A.y.^c"' '/ nmwAGB vlileh Man depends for fnad fibres «nd mv materinlB. Pre Mure of popniation on and over Inereaslne demand for f and and ot2ier prodtaeto are preoalni; the uae of land to ita aaxiaum Hal to* India la a ootmtry idiero It OQena that a satiuratlon point t haa been reaehed aO far aa eultlTated land Is eonoemed* She onXjr.nltoffuitiTet at the nomentt therefore lo to glTe streaa^on.ja aultahle oropi^lngy and to adopt a etaltable eropplng pattern in the cotmtxgr* GaneooTaanma doah oovering an area of about 98400 Kn^ In Ottos' Pradesh is nearly 932 Km. In length and extenda In iddth to about 104 In* In the Upper doab* The ease study of this area glTea a good Inalgfat Into the existing pattern and trenda in the agriculture idilOh vlll ^ a iHm way in agrloultural •MA land use planning* 0ns of the nain things that deserre attention la the genoml laad nss patten* 9poB this depends the snount' of ImU that vlU be sTallable for agrloultttre and upon thia iefM^di the asslagleal veil being of a people* I have atailad tha ilPMMiaa of land use Tortioalli awr fiftj yaar paflad wd horicmitally over the area from f—ma» af •iaalilBi to ^la aeaflueaaa of Haaga-Ttfraaa* (11) ikaotli*r laportant thing for th« uad«r«t«iilag of •^xiottlturftl Mtao In tlio eou&tsgr la Urn oropplBg pattoxn* X hmr; thoroforo* InvoatlgatoA tho ooapoUtlv* rolatlonrtilp of orope> lAdlTldual M voU aa erop oombiaatloaa on tha basia of araa oocaplad by thaa, ^a oropplng pattazna Jia tba ragloa* for largar parta of tha early parlod wte baaad Xargaly on tradlUonal ayatem* That la to say tiHat tha faxmar oultlvatad arary thlaga aeeordlBg to hla noad. Xn tha poat Indapaadenea p«rlod> tha iQtroduotioa of high ylaldlng Tarlaty of aaoda, the daveloiHaoiita of fartlUaar ladustry, tha davelopaeat of traaaportatlon faelUtlaa, and tiio markotlng aystoa haira oroatad a oonoapt of producing oropa for isarlcat rathor than for hoaa eonaunptloa only. A. 0l0alf leant thing aboat tha agrlcttltara of northam plalaa of India la that oropa grow in eartaln eonbinatloaa* X hata atadiad ^aaa aoablaatleaa and tha ohaagea that hava 9tm§ ahaat la tha** Crapa arranga and raarraaga la aartala craapa glTlac tha agrlaaltara Ita paoallar laaal tlacat aad glflBc tha agricultara on a broaAar aoa^ Ita fittaral aiuivaatar. 9adaiataadlBc af all HMM aapaeta la Tary aaaaaaaiy for tha laad aaa «id aciiaoltttral planning of tha aawitor m a Mfiwal ar aatlMMa baaaa* Q«a af tha aads tMmm iJNat thia atady la that It haa iaraatlca^ad aiii ad^pwiai a vaat aaawt af data <U1) uhleh h«A b««ii XjiMg totturl«d in %h« offlo« alalrahs of gOTomami d«part»«ntc« Xbo vork is aadnljr basod o& UBpttbUchod roeorASt ooNMinilac agfloulturftl statiirkiiis «ad OB pubXithtd booka, wrtielo«> vtport* ote* Th« roports and unimblishod agxioaltanuL records iroro availablo at the board of Bavenoey Uttar Pradaah* luoknoir* Xn tha ooaplation of tha preaant vork I ova a einoara and datp gratltuda to vy Bttparriaor» Frofaaaor Hohasnad i^liaflt Haad of tha Dap«rt»aat of Gaograpliy* AUgazli Koalim UnivaraltiPf Aligazti hao mlimyB baaa grodloixB anoogli to glva ma valoabXa augcaetiona and gttidanea at avaiy etaga» and halpad na In mora than ona wi^* I am siflo grataful to Hf Llbrariana of dlffaraUt Xibrarlea in IJalMt Kaulaaa Aaad Library f and tha Saminar library of tha Oaograpiiy I)apartaaBt»AXigarh Mualis Univaraity* Aligarh* X am aqually gratafal to tha Sirootar Oamaral of obaarratoriaat Indian Hataorologiaal Sapartaa»%» Nav SallU.» who vaa kind anoiai^ to prorida all tha aaadfUl aUmatia raaorda and data to ma. thamka ara alao dua to tha Saarctaiy aubordinata ataff i» tha Board of 9&rmm§ Uttar Pradaah, Luaknaw* (!•) Hy thanka also dua to Br.Iifearai Haaaa for haXpiag ma on Tarleua Aoeasloii iiv eoimaetioa vitii ety rataartth work* i^ thaske ara daa to Kr»MajBia liuda Farooqi lAio halpad aa in grtpAiAn^ maps and diagran0» «id Kr.ii.iLsad Xarlqt Hotfalnl for ^plag the t&asi\ui«Klpt affloltat3or* (Kr.iSbafaftt iOi Khan) 0(»flBf8 »•«• »wttm% • •• i Cwiktmxfm • •• • Mat «f llj^artt • •• •1 iAB% of f «^i«« • •• •lii Zll%9(Mtt<lrt^0Si • •• Ix WiM «. X OiaFttm t 3tSQfitar« a&A l»ll«f ••• 1 2X OliBate • •* 36 XXX SoiXs •• • ^ JPABf •IX Xf ObaBgts ia ^« Zi«ii4 9«« «»• 97 •f 8«l9«%«i Oral* ••• 126 •I CfcfMlgf < Vwt%«lM •€ Of 9 •• • 155 fAltt*XXX nx ••« MO ••• 2t2 s«iM«M a&UUiiAiiMr ••• 22# *•• 241 XX8t Of IKIQIIS fiCOM lO. 1* a. OtBtwtw • • 5 5. finding* • • 8 AvfMWftt HffiatlOjr SaiafftXl • • 40 •• 41 Avtmg* Hilngftll s«i*tlMI«3P •• 46 7# Av«mii» fiaiafftlX 4hBi««O0teb«9r • • So 0* AT«mkg« ABanftl B«lAfaaj. •• 57 !!••» AUUMI3. TttfiAblUtjT .. 59 10t« 39* AwmamX MiMtmlX vt UmXmtH 9i «• in «• T0»71 4mM t« 0«««k«v (t910»fi99) it. .. 79 • •100 (IfII •• ffll) a* • •101 < ff4l •• fH?) • •108 (t91f««f991) •• 109 (ffil «• 19il) it. W^lm^ imm (19«1 i* 1991) • •114 ii. fiOUv X^iit (t94f 9« 19it) • •115 i9. ••% ••«• Ai«ft ititt i« 1991) • • 119 7i* !•« iMM AMtt (ttil «• f9il) ••110 71. Ua^tOMg eww {%9U) •• 127 72* BMkittcOrofS (1921) •• 129 79. BMMBC Omw €1951) •• 13f 74. BMUtiac Crops (t94l) •• 193 79* B«ilci]NE6v«9* (1991) •• 194 76. IMoldag Cfoiw (19€l) •• 196 77* fotftl ToloaMi of Choago (1911 to 1921) •• 148 78« foto3. ToltUM of (ai«B«o (1921 to 1991) •• 190 79* total folaao of Caittogo (1991 to 1941) •• 19f 80* fotal To}»BO of Ghaasgo (1941 to 1991) •• |92 81 • fetal Voluao of Ghme» (1991 to 1961) •• 153 82» Cvo? eotfbi&atioa 80^090 (1911) •• i$9 89* Cf*09 Combisotiea a«eio»o (1921) •• |60 84* C109 COAHlnation Bosloao (1991) •• |61 89* evop Ooai^iBatiOA Boglowi (1941) •* 169 84* 81*09 Ooai^lftotioa aotioao (1991) •* |64 87* e*op OoateUatiMi aoflowi (1941) •• i69 LXif Of f ABL« I Mmm MmthXjft mam Moatiajr Masiawi nA •• 38 K««A NoKllUiir NiBlMHi ^mmpmtm^nrm of tM Si«3«9«t« StfttimMi (BoirMib«ir) U mm noKtiajrv mm iiottliajr iiaxi»ni m€ •• 44 t^« ^tliwt^ 'd%m%l4MM <49via.) XXS fvtal Jaiittal. Baiafftll ftt S«l«otoi • • 54 BtatiOBfl X? Emm moAmm a&d Itom Msiaai •• 54 of SoXoetoi S^tl«ui V ftOlAtilF* »Miai^ Of ioXottod •• 55 stotloiia ?X mm mmthly fmvUi^tUtw of •• 69 ioXOOtoA StfttlMIB AgrimOAwn in 3Mia <ifttc0 badtc to tli» tiaas of to b« tbe l0(i^ii^ oecsupatiaii asid intm aainstay of tlii fsoptaatlfle of ttm couiAfy# AtKHJt fl9iiy<»»llfl!3s of thB poptOjE^tion of tB@ mm^w 3i>^fi in ^illag«8 and <^3?rios ot2t agriciatiai^ ind @HJ4id @i€tiirlti«s* Tilt ispoxtaae® of ^xic^tttvt 2ms hmm tvsMmr imdeiSiii^ ^ tim l^ct tl^t tbe popiOaticm of the oountxy is inoroaadlng ^tb a irox7 fi^id mtot tamxl^m ^ gr^t presitirt cm %ma imd ad9«i»«34r affiKstli^ tbo imn-^l^^)! ratio* As a ]f«9iat of oultiwtiqn of laiKl o^r«]? em^vai-m and md ^ fOitilt of inovoasing ptmamm of popi^tation mx it| the chMaooe of ftdfiurMay afftetiag the ismd in paxticfuXar and eBviioranent in genexel aie ^v^eiar mieh theve* Thue there is e eitaation nheve the lead hes to be ueea ^th great eeve end thoiighti wnd lAiere agtieiaiiive has to he e?«(L*fedf taki^ infce m^BiMmom aaa the epfiiew—ilel end loeiQ- thooghl OHI aciifRatmea. piaelieea een seat the eituatieii* Thia ia naaethl e if the Mdaldaa eoniitlen end pTHtiti oae _ Mid the efeMHiee thet ane tidcing plaee ave attidiod in a eomidei'^iAo hieedlh end dipth haeoe thie etudy* in lhei||a» %m/k mm ti^^ wmam of tlMi* ^ OANGA-YAMUNA DOAO K « 10 40 M t t I u •tVOMCTRtS QIStT t*H*>»NPm) TtM»«. KAmAMA OHM AlluARM TCMSli 0MMAON tCHSH. SAHARANI>un 11 «•«•»« TfHSii KHAIR I R^a« « Al>»«r^Mli ] CHondaut I U»pa\ II «(•*•>)» tIMStl. KOIl ptStt fARBUWHAtAp 4 Kl»l TtHSn. KAIMOANJ TtMStL aAGHMT i Mart>«l I Si>amtakad WatI 1 Kame<l 2 Bwou* UHM. HATHRAS TlMVl PAHARA 1 Ko««na I Pa^ara 4 Mo#*a^^abaa ICHSU SAROHANA TCMSH. WIAS 5 VtamHtotf taal 5 Swdhaxfl • t*«9«( ( D«'euta lOCtxyai TCHSH CM«ilRAM«tl T Bo'nawa tfH&il. SIKAMRARAO T Taigram , ICHSa GHAZIAtAO tt Akb'otad I SaurikH MF • Ma*a»«tf t Sokalptfr to Sak<a«a I Ootna tCMSH ATRAUll tl Cl<>>*<a>nau II AUoull tCM&iS MAPtH) U Oonqiri TCHM KANMAUl llRannwi pl5tT MUZAFrAWWAGAB" •*»*'" CCS" f«*'HVBA l)Tif«a IIMSH. MAI pISTt tTAWAH "nCarhMuliMMM I Mat ItMSll. eiOHUNA UPuth TlM^il tAOABAO ICMSU MAWANA 1 SciMbod TIHSIl (lAWAH l&Hatihanaput B'VI *t'»^ ) t l«»a>> MMrthot ItHSIl tllMAOPUn TEHSII AURAIVA ICHSn. MtlROt I t<w>ailru< I Aura*Ta 17MMf<il TfMSil riROIACAO TtHSH. BHARTHAMA XLSIl-fiajMfiSHAMR IfKetalMt, f 4 B><*«t(Mtna ItHSIl SIKANORABAO QISTT t TAW pi^TT KAWtiR lOankaur TIMSII KASOANJ TlMSIl BltMAti^jR . I Bi4ha"<pv *t } Slkandraftatf . 4>acMan« ItmH MAMPUR TtHSIl KHUJA JFaiipu* ] Kanllut * •<'>"«I0 4 B4„m TCHSl OCRAPUR ) Da'spur • J*** ( Sidhpur* TCHS)l AKBARPUR ICHSU aULANOlHAHR f j«„n 4 AhM'pu' TIMSH ITAH f\HSIl t,MAIAM»»VJR tSoran • tiah 5 Ghatamput t Slvkarpuf TfttS4l BIWiNMMH t MaMatah W Siona I Bh«i/«pu' 10 Sonhor T(H6ll ANUPSMAHR pi;.!! f»ii>truR TtHSil ALIOANJ IT A^•r TlM-,11 MNlml It Alamnaff II AnuptlMlw I Tappoigt 17 ea>na t Kara 11 Paiiali 1 Bintlkl M NHl*t»uf 4 MuoaOma HAMIHM TCHSIl JAISAII Tlmtt lAUHfUM IS iaiiaaf t laiaKpur tf Dh.TI HAOlPUBt TtM'ill ViHtOUHASAO I AV^SIMH I Sh.wttakad I Hu<l««__r TtMSil MUSTAfASAO HH'^l «H(MA L \ fotiTW* or UNMAO I Muitatakad IOH<<<<«a > T^ •AMA-Wm TCHSH MAINPum II I iKlaia MRitr*iT»ti! r _i« IN INWA 1 Ma'>puri 17 MnOtgaon 4 Kixaaii no^al• % GKtfar TEHSa KARHAl ICMSa MANiHAMMA t Karhal t Al><atMn T Batoa^ai } Karari ICH«A tWATMU 1 Kata •At BABIlI TCHSH CHAIL 4 CMil 7 f ' 1^: IS HAMWPVlB .•^ ri.;*.;' • .Tl I rBATA»«A«N • AV ^•'CMTRCT •OUMOAMV Of \ MMAl ,•' llMtt.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Geography of Early Historical Punjab
    Geography of Early Historical Punjab Ardhendu Ray Chatra Ramai Pandit Mahavidyalaya Chatra, Bankura, West Bengal The present paper is an attempt to study the historical geography of Punjab. It surveys previous research, assesses the emerging new directions in historical geography of Punjab, and attempts to understand how archaeological data provides new insights in this field. Trade routes, urbanization, and interactions in early Punjab through material culture are accounted for as significant factors in the overall development of historical and geographical processes. Introduction It has aptly been remarked that for an intelligent study of the history of a country, a thorough knowledge of its geography is crucial. Richard Hakluyt exclaimed long ago that “geography and chronology are the sun and moon, the right eye and left eye of all history.”1 The evolution of Indian history and culture cannot be rightly understood without a proper appreciation of the geographical factors involved. Ancient Indian historical geography begins with the writings of topographical identifications of sites mentioned in the literature and inscriptions. These were works on geographical issues starting from first quarter of the nineteenth century. In order to get a clear understanding of the subject matter, now we are studying them in different categories of historical geography based on text, inscriptions etc., and also regional geography, cultural geography and so on. Historical Background The region is enclosed between the Himalayas in the north and the Rajputana desert in the south, and its rich alluvial plain is composed of silt deposited by the 2 JSPS 24:1&2 rivers Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Occurrence of Eurygnathohippus Van Hoepen, 1930 (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae) Outside Africa and Its Biogeograph
    TO L O N O G E I L C A A P I ' T A A T L E I I A Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 58 (2), 2019, 171-179. Modena C N O A S S. P. I. The frst occurrence of Eurygnathohippus Van Hoepen, 1930 (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae) outside Africa and its biogeographic signifcance Advait Mahesh Jukar, Boyang Sun, Avinash C. Nanda & Raymond L. Bernor A.M. Jukar, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013, USA; [email protected] B. Sun, Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; College of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Howard University, Washington D.C. 20059, USA; [email protected] A.C. Nanda, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehra Dun 248001, India; [email protected] R.L. Bernor, College of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Howard University, Washington D.C. 20059, USA; [email protected] KEY WORDS - South Asia, Pliocene, Biogeography, Dispersal, Siwalik, Hipparionine horses. ABSTRACT - The Pliocene fossil record of hipparionine horses in the Indian Subcontinent is poorly known. Historically, only one species, “Hippotherium” antelopinum Falconer & Cautley, 1849, was described from the Upper Siwaliks. Here, we present the frst evidence of Eurygnathohippus Van Hoepen, 1930, a lineage hitherto only known from Africa, in the Upper Siwaliks during the late Pliocene. Morphologically, the South Asian Eurygnathohippus is most similar to Eurygnathohippus hasumense (Eisenmann, 1983) from Afar, Ethiopia, a species with a similar temporal range.
    [Show full text]
  • Custom, Law and John Company in Kumaon
    Custom, law and John Company in Kumaon. The meeting of local custom with the emergent formal governmental practices of the British East India Company in the Himalayan region of Kumaon, 1815–1843. Mark Gordon Jones, November 2018. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National University. © Copyright by Mark G. Jones, 2018. All Rights Reserved. This thesis is an original work entirely written by the author. It has a word count of 89,374 with title, abstract, acknowledgements, footnotes, tables, glossary, bibliography and appendices excluded. Mark Jones The text of this thesis is set in Garamond 13 and uses the spelling system of the Oxford English Dictionary, January 2018 Update found at www.oed.com. Anglo-Indian and Kumaoni words not found in the OED or where the common spelling in Kumaon is at a great distance from that of the OED are italicized. To assist the reader, a glossary of many of these words including some found in the OED is provided following the main thesis text. References are set in Garamond 10 in a format compliant with the Chicago Manual of Style 16 notes and bibliography system found at http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org ii Acknowledgements Many people and institutions have contributed to the research and skills development embodied in this thesis. The first of these that I would like to acknowledge is the Chair of my supervisory panel Dr Meera Ashar who has provided warm, positive encouragement, calmed my panic attacks, occasionally called a spade a spade but, most importantly, constantly challenged me to chart my own way forward.
    [Show full text]
  • Ganga River Basin Management Plan - 2015
    Ganga River Basin Management Plan - 2015 Main Plan Document January 2015 by Cosortiu of 7 Idia Istitute of Techologys (IITs) IIT IIT IIT IIT IIT IIT IIT Bombay Delhi Guwahati Kanpur Kharagpur Madras Roorkee In Collaboration with IIT IIT CIFRI NEERI JNU PU NIT-K DU BHU Gandhinagar NIH ISI Allahabad WWF Roorkee Kolkata University India GRBMP Work Structure GRBMP – January 2015: Main Plan Document Preface In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-sections (1) and (3) of Section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), the Central Government constituted the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) as a planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating authority for strengthening the collective efforts of the Central and State Government for effective abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga. One of the important functions of the NGRBA is to prepare and implement a Ganga River Basin Maageet Pla G‘BMP. A Cosotiu of see Idia Istitute of Tehologs IITs) was given the responsibility of preparing the GRBMP by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), GOI, New Delhi. A Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) was therefore signed between the 7 IITs (IITs Bombay, Delhi, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Madras and Roorkee) and MoEF for this purpose on July 6, 2010. This is the Main Plan Document (MPD) that briefly describes (i) river Ganga in basin perspective, (ii) management of resources in Ganga Basin, (iii) philosophy of GRBMP, (iv) issues and concerns of the NRGB Environment, (v) suggestions and recommendations in the form of various Missions, and (vi) a framework for effective implementation of the recommendations.
    [Show full text]
  • Chardham Yatra
    Skyway International Travels [email protected] +91-8884 467467 CHARDHAM YATRA Duration: 13 Days / 12 Nights Departure from: Delhi Introduction It is a journey covering predominantly the pilgrimage sites in North India. The first halt being, Hardiwar, a dip in the holy waters of the Ganges can be taken. Moving further, via Mussorie, halt at one of the upper reaches of the hamlet (at Barkot ). A day trip to Yamunaotri gives solace to the visistor. Other holy places that could be visited are the Uttarkashi Gangotri,Guptaksahi and Kedarnath. The conclusion of the fourth Dham is when a visit to Joshimath and Rudraprayag is done. On the return leg after visiting Rishikesh , return to Delhi, seeking solace from the divine blessings of the Gods! Itinerary Day 1 – Arrive Delhi Depart from Bangalore to Delhi. After Lunch visit, Akshardham and night stay at hotel. Meals for the day – Breakfast, Lunch Day 2 – Delhi - Haridwar Morning Departure at 6 A.M. from Delhi to Haridwar visit Kanakal Satikund, Manava Kalyani Ashrama, Manasa Devi Mandir, Ganga Arathi in the evening & night halt at Haridwar. 1 Skyway International Travels [email protected] +91-8884 467467 Day 3 – Haridwar - Barkot Morning departure from Haridwar at 7 AM on the way visit Rishikesh ( local sightseeing Shivananda Ashram, Lakshman Jhula) view of kempty waterfalls in Mussoorie proceed Ranachatti/Jankichatti/Barkot night stay at a hotel. Meals for the day – Breakfast, Lunch Day 4 – Barkot - Yamunotri Morning departure to Yamunotri temple by walk/pony/doly and night halt at Ranachatti/Jankichatti/ Barkot and stay at hotel. Meals for the day – Breakfast, Lunch Day 5 – Barkot - Uttarkashi After breakfast depart to Uttarakashi and visit Vishwanath temple darshan at Uttarkashi & night stay at Uttarkashi.
    [Show full text]
  • Siwalik Synopsis: a Long Stratigraphic Sequence for the Later Cenozoic of South Asia
    Siwalik synopsis: A long stratigraphic sequence for the Later Cenozoic of South Asia The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Flynn, Lawrence J., David Pilbeam, John C. Barry, Michèle E. Morgan, and S. Mahmood Raza. 2016. “Siwalik Synopsis: A Long Stratigraphic Sequence for the Later Cenozoic of South Asia.” Comptes Rendus Palevol (January). doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2015.09.015. Published Version 10.1016/j.crpv.2015.09.015 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:26507534 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA 1 Siwalik Synopsis: A long stratigraphic sequence for the later Cenozoic of 2 South Asia 3 4 SYNOPSIS SIWALIK: LONGUE SUCCESSION STRATIGRAPHIQUE DU CÉNOZOÏQUE 5 MOYEN ET TARD AU SUD DE L’ASIE 6 7 Lawrence J. Flynna,*, David Pilbeama, John C. Barrya, Michèle E. Morgana,b, S. Mahmood 8 Razaa 9 10 a Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, 11 Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 12 13 b Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 14 02138, USA 15 16 *corresponding author [email protected] 17 18 19 20 Abstract 21 The Tertiary sediments of northern Pakistan are an exceptional record of terrestrial 22 sedimentation and represent most of Neogene time. Foremost is the Siwalik Group of the 23 Potwar Plateau, for which multiple, superposed fossil levels span ~18 – 6 Ma.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Physico-Chemical Characteristics to Assess The
    ISSN: 0974-2115 www.jchps.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences A study on physico-chemical Characteristics to assess the pollution status of river Ganga in Uttarakhand Gagan Matta* Department of Zoology and Environmental Science Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar (Uttrakhand), India *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The present study was undertaken to appraise impact of pollution on River Ganga at Rishikesh with two different sites i.e. Site 1 (Shivpuri) control site and Site 2 (Pashulok Barrage) with loads of pollution from dense commercialized waste water discharging areas from Rishikesh. While monitoring samples were collected monthly (2011-2012) from sampling sites to evaluate relative differences in physico-chemical properties of river water such as Temperature (8.14%) higher, Turbidity (29.39%) higher, Transparency (13.93%) lower, Velocity (4.34%) lower, Total solids (27.40%) higher, pH (1.40%) higher, Dissolved Oxygen (6.20%) lower, Free CO2 (11.76%) higher and Total Hardness (18.83%) higher at site 2 in comparison to Site 1. The mean values of these parameters were compared with WHO and ISI standards. Significant differences (p<0.05) was found in Turbidity, Total solids (TS), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Free CO2 and Total Hardness (TH) with sampling stations. Turbidity on both sites was observed above the permissible limit but, was found much higher on Site 2 in comparison to Site 1 due to pollution in Rishikesh. Keywords: physico-chemical Characteristics, Ganga River water, pollution, Shivpuri, Pashulok Barrage INTRODUCTION River Ganga occupies a unique position in the cultural ethos of India. Millions of Hindus accept its water as sacred and count as river of faith, devotion and worship.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Mountain Ranges & Summits
    INDIAN MOUNTAIN RANGES & SUMMITS For All Banking & Government Exams Indian Mountain Ranges & Summits Free static GK e-book As we all know that General Awareness is one of the very important and prominent topics for any competitive exam. Keeping in mind the same, we have come up with some major mountain ranges and Himalayan summits in India. This will help you all the major Himalayan ranges related details which are often asked in various exams. With multiple upcoming exams this could be very helpful. Below are the few sneak peaks: Sikkim (Shared 1 Kanchenjunga 8,586 Himalayas with Nepal) 2 Ghent Kangri 7,401 Saltoro Karakoram Ladakh Arunachal 3 Kangto 7,060 Assam Himalaya Pradesh Mountain Ranges: Aravalli Range - starting in North India from Delhi and passing through southern Haryana, through to Western India across the states of Rajasthan and ending in Gujarat. To keep you updated with the major Himalayan ranges and summits found in India we bring you this e-book, read along and learn all about the important details and geographical locations of the mountain ranges found in India. Indian Mountain Ranges & Summits Free static GK e-book Mountain Summits Rank Mountain Height (m) Range State (Indian) Sikkim (Shared 1 Kanchenjunga 8,586 Himalayas with Nepal) 2 Nanda Devi 7,816 Garhwal Himalaya Uttarakhand 3 Kamet 7,756 Garhwal Himalaya Uttarakhand 4 Saltoro Kangri / K10 7,742 Saltoro Karakoram Ladakh 5 Saser Kangri I / K22 7,672 Saser Karakoram Ladakh 6 Mamostong Kangri / K35 7,516 Rimo Karakoram Ladakh 7 Saser Kangri II 7,513 Saser Karakoram
    [Show full text]
  • How Secure Is Our Recorded Forestland?
    International Journal of Geology, Earth & Environmental Sciences ISSN: 2277-2081 (Online) An Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jgee.htm 2013 Vol.3 (3) September-December, pp.61-66/Arun Research Article HOW SECURE IS OUR RECORDED FORESTLAND? – A CASE STUDY OF DEHRADUN USING GEOSPATIAL APPROACH *Arun Kumar Thakur FI Lab, Forest Survey of India, Dehradun 248001 *Author for Correspondence ABSTRACT India has a huge population living close to the forest with their livelihoods critically linked to the forest ecosystem. People living in these forest fringe villages depend upon forest for a variety of goods and services like collection of edible fruits, flowers, roots and leaves for food and medicines; firewood; fodder and grazing of livestock in forest. Therefore, with such extensive dependence pattern, any over exploitation and unsustainable harvest practice can potentially degrade forest. The study aims to find 1) whether the land transformation into habitation or agriculture has occurred in recorded forestland area 2) use of LISS IV satellite data to map human intrusion 3) whether land transformation decreases along the altitude. This study highlights the area under recorded forestland that has undergone land transformation since 1965 to 2008 in Dehradun district. It is found that around 3336.34 ha of forestland have undergone land transformation, a major part of which lies all along the forest fringes indicating heavy human pressure of nearby communities. A monitoring plan along with people’s awareness and their participation is advised to forest fringe communities to conserve and sustain the forest resources. Key Words: Land Transformation, Remote Sensing, Recorded Forestland INTRODUCTION Land Transformation (LT) is the process where changes in land use/cover are observed at different time periods and is one of the important fields of human induced environmental transformation.
    [Show full text]
  • Brightsun Travel India
    Brightsun Travel Sacred Uttarakhand Adventures Tour 6 Nights/7 Days • Visit the holy Har ki Pauri • Marvel at the glistening temples of Haridwar • Witness evening Aarti in Haridwar & Rishikesh • Marvel at the Lakshman Jhula bridge • Enjoy panoramic vistas at Gun Hill, Mussoorie From INR11200 Price per person Overview: Embark on the Sacred Uttarakhand Adventures tour with Brightsun Travel and look forward to a number of unforgettable travel experiences. This religious tour covers visits to Haridwar, Rishikesh, and Mussoorie and allows you an immense spiritual retreat with evening Hindu rituals and visits to important temples and sites. Itinerary: Day 1: Arrival in Delhi - Haridwar (approx. 5 hrs) Upon arrival in Delhi, you’ll be transferred to Haridwar for check-in at a hotel. Later there’s a visit to the sacred Har ki Pauri in which there’s an opportunity to bathe in sacred waters or witness an evening Aarti ritual. Overnight stay in Haridwar. Day 2: Haridwar After breakfast, you’ll proceed for a sightseeing tour in Haridwar which includes a visit to the Daksh Temple, Mansa Devi Temple, and Chandi Devi Temple. (vehicles aren’t permitted inside the main market and ghats – there’s a ropeway on direct payment). In the evening, you’ll attend the Ganga Aarti. Overnight stay in Haridwar. Day 3: Haridwar - Rishikesh (approx. 1hr) After some breakfast, you’ll be driven to Rishikesh, a sacred city renowned for its beautiful natural settings and surroundings of the Sivalik Hills. Upon arrival in Rishikesh, you’ll check-in to a hotel and later attend an evening Aarti ritual at Parmarth's Ganga Ghat where pilgrimages seek blessings from the Ganges.
    [Show full text]
  • Dehradun Map
    Dehradun Map P o Di [ t Industrial rofile f strict-Dehradun(Uttarakhand) Type ext] Page 2 Contents S. No. Topic Page No. 1. General Characteristics of the District 4-4 1.1 Location & Geographical Area 5-5 1.2 Topography 6-7 1.3 Availability of Minerals. 8-8 1.4 Forest 8-9 1.5 Administrative set up 9-12 2. District at a glance 13-16 2.1 Existing Status of Industrial Area in the District Dehradun 16-17 3. Industrial Scenario Of Dehradun 17-24 3.1 Industry at a Glance 17-17 3.2 Year Wise Trend Of Units Registered 18-18 3.3 Details Of Existing Micro & Small Enterprises & Artisan Units In 18-20 The District 3.4 Large Scale Industries / Public Sector undertakings 20-21 3.5 Major Exportable Item 21-21 3.6 Growth Trend 22-22 3.7 Medium Scale Enterprises 23-23 3.7.1 Major Exportable Item 23-23 3.8 Service Enterprises 23-23 3.8.1 Potentials areas for service industry 23-23 3.9 Potential for new MSMEs 24-24 4. Existing Clusters of Micro & Small Enterprise 25- 4.1 Detail Of Major Clusters 25-30 5. General issues raised by industry association during the course 30-30 of meeting 6. Steps to set up MSMEs 31- 32 7. Additional information 32 P o Di [ t Industrial rofile f strict-Dehradun(Uttarakhand) Type ext] Page 3 Brief Industrial Profile of Dehradun District 1. General Characteristics of the District Dehradun is the capital city of the State of Uttarakhand in northern India.
    [Show full text]
  • Tiger Range Collapse and Recovery at the Base of the Himalayas
    CHAPTER 12 Tiger range collapse and recovery at the base of the Himalayas John Seidensticker, Eric Dinerstein, Surendra P. Goyal, Bhim Gurung, Abishek Harihar, A.J.T. Johnsingh, Anil Manandhar, Charles W. McDougal, Bivash Pandav, Mahendra Shrestha, J.L. David Smith, Melvin Sunquist, and Eric Wikramanayake An adult tigress needs nearly 3000 kg of meat-on-the-hoof each year; feeding cubs requires an additional 50%. Tigers meet this demand by killing large, hoofed mammals—large deer, wild pigs, and wild cattle. © John Seidensticker. The tiger's (Panthera tigris; Fig. 12.1) threatened status comprehensive surveys and studies across the shrink- became widely appreciated 40 years ago. Since then, ing range confirm that we are learning more about the human population has doubled in South and fewer tigers. Southeast Asia (UN 2007), contributing to massive The overall gloomy trend masks positive results in land-use change across most of the tiger's once exten- the recovery of tiger populations in a few selected sive range. All signs point to an impending range col- landscapes. In this chapter, we report on one such lapse: (1) tigers now occupy only 7% of their historic effort centred in the Terai zone of southern Nepal range (Sanderson et al. 2006); (2) tiger geographic range and adjacent northern India (Fig. 12.2). These re- has declined by 40% in only 10 years (Dinerstein era/. maining forests and tall-grass savannas skirt the 2007); and (3) tiger numbers in India are down to southern foothills of the Himalayas and contain the ~1410 individuals >1.5 years of age (Jhala et al.
    [Show full text]