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A Taxonomic Study of Sessile Peritrichs (Ciliophora: Peritricha) Associated with Crustacean Fish Ectoparasites in South Africa

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A Taxonomic Study of Sessile Peritrichs (Ciliophora: Peritricha) Associated with Crustacean Fish Ectoparasites in South Africa A taxonomic study of sessile peritrichs (Ciliophora: Peritricha) associated with crustacean fish ectoparasites in South Africa J.G. van As and Sophie Viljoen Research Unit for Fish Biology, Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg Three new and four known species of sessile peritrichs were Introduction identified from the crustacean ectoparasites, Lernaea barnimiana (Hartman, 1870), L. cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758 and In the course of fish parasite surveys in the Transvaal, sessile Dolops ranarum (Stuhlmann, 1891) from various fish hosts in peritrichians (Ciliophora: Peritricha) were often observed on South Africa The new species described are: Epistylis the crustacean ectoparasites Lemaea bamimiana (Hartman, cyprinaceae sp. n., E. epibamimiana sp. n. and Episty/is magna 1870), L. cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758 and Dolops ranarum sp. n. Comparative deSCriptions of the four known species are (Stuhlmann, 1891). In some cases the peritrich growth was of given, i.e. Vorticella convallaria (Linnaeus, 1758), V. microstoma Ehrenberg, 1830, Epistylis branchiophi/a Perty, 1852 and E. nym­ such an extent as to be visible to the naked eye Sessile peritrichs pharum (Engelmann, 1862). have previously been reported from different Lemaea species S. Atr. J. Zool. 1984, 19: 275-279 but were not specifically identified: Vorticella from L. haplocephala Cunnington, 1914 (Cunnington 1914), stalked Drie nuwe en vier bekende sessiele Peritricha-spesies, protozoans from L. carassi Tidd, 1933 (fidd 1933), afkomstig van die Crustacea-ektoparasiete Lernaea barnimiana Vorticellidae from L. tortua coquae Dolley, 1940 (Dolley 1940), (Hartman, 1870), L. cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758 en Dolops L. Carchesium sp. from chackoensis Gnanamuthu, 1951 ) ranarum (Stuhlmann, 1891) van verskillende varswatervisse in 0 Suid·Afrika is ge"identifiseer. Die nuwe spesies wat beskryf (Gnanamuthu 1951a) and L. bengalensis Gnanamuthu, 1951 1 0 word is Epistylis cyprinaceae sp. n., E. epibarnimiana sp. n., en (Gnanamuthu 1951b), clusters of colonial peritrichs from L. 2 Episty/is magna sp. n. Vergelykende beskrywings van die vier bamimiana (Hartmann, 1870) (Thurston 1969), encrustations d e t bekende spesies word gegee, nl. Vorticella convallaria of peritrichs (vorticellids, Epistylis sp.) from L. hessaragattensis a (Linnaeus, 1758), V. microstoma Ehrenberg, 1830, Epistylis d Srinivasachar & Sundarabai, 1971 (Srinivasachar & Sundarabai ( branchiophila Perty, 1852, en E. nympharum (Engelmann, 1862). r 1971) and in a recent study by Viljoen (1983) in South Africa, e S.-Atr. Tydskr. Dierk. 1984, 19: 275-279 h Epistylis sp. from L. bamimiana. s i l It is well established that a large number of sessile peritrich b u species inhabit fresh water, attached to a variety of substrates. P e Representatives of at least four genera, Ambiphrya, Apiosoma, h t Epistylis and Scyphidia are known to be associated with fish y (Lorn 1966). Although it has not yet been determined beyond b d any doubt whether the association of the peritrichs and the e t fish is of an ectocommensal or parasitic nature, some species n a are known to have caused severe damage and even mortalities r g amongst fish (Fischthall949; Rogers 1971). In a recent investi­ e c gation of the substrate preference of the sessile peritrichs, it n e c was established that those occurring on fish are specific to i l piscean substrates. Peritrichs in the same habitat occurring on r e other substrates were not found on fish (Viljoen & Van As d n 1983). It is therefore of particular interest to establish whether u y the peritrichs occurring on the fish ectoparasites, can also a settle on the piscean hosts. However, this will only be possi­ w e t ble when the comprehensive taxonomic study of fish­ a associated peritrichs, presently under way, has been G t completed. e n i In this paper, specific identifications and taxonomic b a descriptions are presented of the sessile peritrichs occurring S J.G_ Win As· and Sophie Viljoen on the crustacean ectoparasites, collected from a variety of y b Research Unit for Fish Biology, Rand Afrikaans University, host fish and localities in South Africa Other crustacean d p.o. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2000 Republic of South Africa e ectoparasites occurring on the skin and fins of fish, such as c u ArgulU5 japonicus Thiele, 1900 and Chonopeltis australis d *To whom correspondence should be addressed o Boxshall, 1976 were also collected and examined but did not r p Received 31 August 1983; accepted 23 March 1984 e host any sessile peritrichs. R 276 S.-Afr. Tydskr. Dierk. 1984, 19(4) Material and Methods this collection are provided. Sessile peritrichs were removed from the carapace and appen­ Taxonomy dages of crustaceans ectoparasitic on fish, mounted in a drop Vorticella Linnaeus, 1767 of pond water on a microscope slide and studied live under a compound microscope. The slides were then air dried, stained YorticellJl convallaria (Unnaeus, 1758) (Figures 1a, 1b and 8A) with Harris' hematoxylin and used for further microscopic Specimen reference number: Slide 82/4/10 - 3 investigations. Host: Lemaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758 from Oreochromis Systematic descriptions are based on live as well as hema­ mossambicus (peters, 1852). toxylin-stained specimens. All measurements are in micro­ Locality: Hartbeespoort Dam (25°45'S127°50'E), Transvaal. metres and were obtained from stained specimens. Minimum Dimensions: Length of body 27 - 72 (49,1 ± 7,0; 24), diameter and maximum values are given, followed in parenthesis by the of body 25 -65 (47,8 ± 11,5; 22), diameter of stalk 2-6 (4,4 arithmetic mean, standard deviation and number of specimens ± 1,0; 19), diameter of macronucleus 3 - 6 (4,8 ± 0,8; 13). measured. Body length is measured from the junction of zooid Remarks: Conforms to the description of V. conva/lana by and stalk to the peristomial disc, and body diameter at the Noland & Finley (1931) and Viljoen & Van As (1983). The widest part of zooid. latter authors found representatives of this species attached to Type specimens of new species described are deposited in a variety of plant, animal and inanimate substrates in an im­ the fish parasite collection of the Department of Zoology of poundment in the Transvaal. the Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg. Specimen reference numbers are indicated at the relevant descriptions. YorticellJl microstoma Ehrenberg, 1830 (Figures 2a, 2b and 8B) In the case of comparative descriptions of known species, Specimen reference number: Slide 83/4/20-14 specimen reference numbers of microscope slides deposited in Host: L. cyprinacea from O. mossambicus. I , -,','.. ) 0 1b ' 1 0 Y 2 d e 7b t a I d ( r e h G s i l b u I , , 7. Jt P e h t 2b' y 9 b d e t n a r g I e c n e c r i l I r e .. :~ d " n u 6b' I y ~ a 9 w e t a y G t 3c Be e I n i r b a 5d S y b d e c Figures 1-7 (1) Vorticella convallaria: (a) expanded, (b) contracted. (2) Vorticella microstoma: (a) expanded, (b) contracted. (3) Epistylis nympharum' u (a) expanded, (b) contracted, (c) stalk. (4) Epistylis branciophila' (a) expanded, (b) stalk. (5) Epistylis cyprinaceae: (a) expanded, (b) contracted microzooid, d o (c) contracted rnacrozooid, (d) stalk. (6) Epistylis epibarnimiana' (a) expanded, (b) contracted, (c) stalk. (7) Epistylis magna' (a) expanded, (b) contracted, r p (c) stalk. Scales in all cases indicate 8 11m for Figures (a), Figures (b), (c) and (d) not drawn to scale. e R S. AfT. 1. Zool. 1984. )9(4) 277 Locality: Lowveld Fisheries Research Station, Marble Hall convex. Peristomiallip does not open as wide as body. Infundi­ (24°55'S129°2O'E), Transvaal. bulum curved, extending to middle of body. Contractile Comparative description: Solitary. Body oval-shaped, length vacuole situated near peristomiaJ lip. Food vacuoles disuibuted 29-46(36,3 ± 6,J; 14), ctiameter20-38 (30.5 ± 5,8; 14). I hroughoul body. Macronucleus ribbon-like, diameter 2 - 5 Pellicular striations present but inconspicuous. Sralk contrac­ (3,5 ± 0,9; 9). tile, diameter 3 - 4 (3,5 ± 0,5; 10). Peristomial disc roundly Remarks: Not previously reoorded from South Africa. Con- @ , • . ) 0 1 0 2 d e t a d ( r i e , h • s i ,. , l b -J • u P e h t y b d e t n a r g e c n e c i l r e d n ® u y a w e t a G t t[ e n i b a S y b d e c u d Figu~ 8 PholOmicrographs of hemaloxyUn-stained (A. E. F. H) and Uve (8, C, D. G) sessile perilrichians from crustaeean fish ectoparasiIC:S. (A) Vor· o r /iceJlD convallarla. (8) Verlice/la micros/emil. (q Epislylis nympharurn. (0) £pisly/is nympharum on appendages of Dolops ranorum. (E) £pis/ylis bl"tl,,­ p C"hiophila. (F) £pis/y/is c:yprinacene. (G) Episrylis ep/bQmimiana. (Hl £pwylis maglUJ. e R 278 S.-Afr. lYdskr. Dierk. 1984, 19(4) forms to the descriptions by Noland & Finley (1931) and Green Type host: L. cyprinacea from O. mossambicus. (1974). This species is considerably smaller than, and differs Type locality: Hartbeespoort Dam (25°45'S127°20'£), significantly in the shape of the zooid from V. convallaria. Transvaal. The macronucleus, although ribbon-like, is relatively short. Description: Colonial. Many zooids per colony. Zooids of two Vorticella microstoma corresponds in overal dimensions to V. distinct sizes. Zooids roundish-oval. Microzooid, length 19 - 33 Iymnaearum Viljoen & Van As 1983, but differs significantly (27,9 ± 3,9; 18), diameter 21 - 26 (22,3 ± 1,3; 18), macro­ in the shape of the zooid, diameter of the peristomiallip when zooid, length 45-48 (46,4 ± 1,5; 6), diameter 51-54 (52,1 expanded, and shapes of both macronucleus and contracted ± 1,4; 6).
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