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Energy Analysis and Audit of Aerospace Museum In ENERGY ANALYSIS AND AUDIT OF AEROSPACE MUSEUM IN SACRAMENTO A Thesis Presented to the faculty of the Department of Mechanical Engineering California State University, Sacramento Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Mechanical Engineering by Priyanka Bhujbal FALL 2020 © 2020 Priyanka Bhujbal ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ENERGY ANALYSIS AND AUDIT OF AEROSPACE MUSEUM IN SACRAMENTO A Thesis by Priyanka Bhujbal Approved by: __________________________________, Committee Chair Farshid Zabihian, Ph.D. __________________________________, Second Reader Michael Sahm, Ph.D. ____________________________ Date iii Student: Priyanka Bhujbal I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format manual, and this thesis is suitable for electronic submission to the library and credit is to be awarded for the thesis. __________________________, Graduate Coordinator ___________________ Kenneth Sprott, Ph.D. Date Department of Mechanical Engineering iv Abstract of ENERGY ANALYSIS AND AUDIT OF AEROSPACE MUSEUM IN SACRAMENTO by Priyanka Bhujbal These days sustainability in the construction sector is imperative especially in building systems to achieve environmental and economic benefits. Out of the total energy consumption in the United States, the construction sector alone consumes 35% energy Therefore, it is the need of the hour that this sector must switch towards sustainability. An energy audit helps to establish baseline measures related to energy usage. This project aims to perform an energy audit to achieve the right balance among social, economic, and environmental factors which is the triple bottom line of the sustainability process. In this regard, the first step towards sustainability is the reduction in current energy usage. Energy audit targets areas for energy efficiency improvement. Thus, the data deduced from the energy audit will guide further in designing an action plan for the sustainable operation of the building. To achieve sustainability goals, emphasis will be on five design categories as Sustainable sites, Water efficiency, Energy and Atmosphere, Material and resources, indoor air quality. Once an energy audit is accomplished, the owner can apply for LEED (Leadership in energy and environmental design) certification of the building. LEED certification is a globally recognized symbol of sustainability achievement. This facilitates the owner to take advantage of a growing number of state and local government incentives. Once the v analysis of current energy usage is done to achieve maximum energy efficiency, we can use renewable energy sources (on-site or off-sites) to make building ‘Zero Energy building’. _______________________, Committee Chair Farshid Zabihian, Ph.D. _______________________ Date vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my appreciation and gratitude towards my professor Dr. Farshid Zabihian for his professional guidance, support, and assistance. He motivated me to work on energy analysis and gave me the possibility to complete this research. I would like to thank Prof. Michael Sahm for his advice and guidance in REVIT software. I would like to thank Prof. Akihiko Kumagai and Prof. Troy Topping for all guidance during my master’s program. Many thanks to Tom Jones executive director of Aerospace museum for his support and patience in my research journey and for providing me with all the required data for museum building that was needed to complete this work. I am extremely grateful to my husband for his support, sacrifices, and hard work throughout my master’s program journey. I am also grateful to Sacramento State University for giving me this great opportunity. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................ vii List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... xi List of Figures ........................................................................................................................ xii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Thesis objective .................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Thesis Outline ....................................................................................................... 2 2. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ................................................................................... 4 2.1 Energy Use in Museums ......................................................................................... 4 2.2 Principles of energy efficient museum buildings ................................................... 4 2.3 Life cycle energy analysis of buildings ................................................................ 10 2.4 Zero Energy Buildings .......................................................................................... 12 3. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................. 18 3.1 Building Information Modeling (BIM) ................................................................ 18 3.2 Building Energy Modeling (BEM) ..................................................................... 19 3.3 Energy Modeling System ..................................................................................... 20 3.4 Literature Review on Building Energy Simulation .............................................. 21 3.5 Energy Simulation Software Tools ....................................................................... 24 3.5.1 Autodesk Revit .......................................................................................... 25 3.5.2 Autodesk Insight 360 ................................................................................ 26 viii 3.5.3 eQUEST .................................................................................................... 27 3.6 Building Energy Modeling (BEM) in BIM Environment ..................................... 28 3.7 Performance Gap of Buildings ............................................................................. 28 4. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS ........................................................................... 30 4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 30 4.2 Solar Photovoltaic Technologies ........................................................................ 30 4.2.1 Off-Grid System ........................................................................................ 31 4.2.2 On-Grid System ........................................................................................ 32 4.2.3 Hybrid System .......................................................................................... 33 4.3 Solar PV Power Components ................................................................................ 34 5. METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................... 35 5.1 Case Study ............................................................................................................ 35 5.2 Building Characterization ..................................................................................... 36 5.3 Three Phase Methodology .................................................................................... 38 5.3.1 Phase 1: Data Collection ........................................................................... 38 5.3.2 Phase 2: Developed Building Energy Model ............................................ 39 5.3.3 Phase 3: Details of Building Energy Analysis in eQUEST ...................... 46 5.4 Solar PV Array ..................................................................................................... 49 5.4.1 Existing Solar PV Array Specifications .................................................... 49 5.4.2 Location (Weather & Solar Radiation) ..................................................... 51 6. RESULT & ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 54 6.1 Energy Simulation ................................................................................................ 54 6.2 Solar PV System ................................................................................................... 61 7. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................. 65 ix Appendix ................................................................................................................................ 73 References ............................................................................................................................... 75 x LIST OF TABLES Tables Page 2.1. External Disturbances to Internal Museum Conditions and Control Actions .............. 10 2.2. Hierarchy of ZEB Renewable Energy Supply Option ................................................. 15 5.1. Building Energy Analysis Workflow .......................................................................... 37 5.2. Specification of the Existing and Proposed Grid-connected Solar PV Array .............. 50 5.3. The site information ....................................................................................................
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