DOCSLIB.ORG

Production of Skeletal Muscle Elements by Cell Lines Derived from Neoplastic Rat Mammary Epithelial Stem Cells

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Production of Skeletal Muscle Elements by Cell Lines Derived from Neoplastic Rat Mammary Epithelial Stem Cells [CANCER RESEARCH 44, 2089-2102, May 1984] Production of Skeletal Muscle Elements by Cell Lines Derived from Neoplastic Rat Mammary Epithelial Stem Cells Philip S. Rudland,1 Damien J. Dunnington, Barry Gusterson, Paul Monaghan, and Christine M. Hughes Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (London Branch), Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Button, Surrey SM2 5PX, United Kingdom ABSTRACT chymal elements seen in certain tumors of the mammary gland arise from preexisting, but more primitive, mesenchymal cells or Single-cell-cloned cell lines intermediate in morphology be from epithelial cells of the mammary parenchyma (3). tween the cuboidal epithelial and fully elongated myoepithelial- The carcinogen-induced tumors of the rat mammary gland like cells have been isolated from the single-cell-cloned epithelial usually contain both epithelial and myoepithelial-like cells (43), stem cell lines Rama 25 and Rama 37 originally obtained from and single-cell-cloned epithelial stem cell lines have been isolated dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumors from from such tumors which were growing either in an outbred Sprague-Dawley and Wistar-Furth rats, respectively. These are Sprague-Dawley rat (6) or in an inbred Wistar-Furth rat (15). The designated Rama 25-11, Rama 25-I2, Rama 25-I4 (Sprague- former cell line is called Rama2 25, and the latter line is named Dawley) and Rama 50-55, Rama 59, and Rama 60 (Wistar- Rama 37. Both these single-cell-cloned epithelial cell lines can Furth), respectively. When growing as tumors in nude mice or give rise to elongated, myoepithelial-like cells in vitro. When syngeneic Wistar-Furth rats, respectively, many of the newly injected into nude mice (36) or syngeneic rats, respectively (15), cloned cell lines give rise to spindle and giant, multinucleated they form tumors which also contain both these cell types. That cells which stain immunocytochemically with antisera to myoglo- the parental cell line Rama 25 and the single-cell-cloned sublines bin and myosin and contain longitudinal fibrils, some of which developed from Rama 37, particularly Rama 37 CL-A3, are contain phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin-staining cross-stria- epithelial in origin is confirmed by their characteristic ultrastruc tions. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrates the presence of A-, ture (6, 15, 29), the presence of intermediate filamental proteins I-, and H-bands and Z-discs and the hexagonal arrangement of of the prekeratin type (15, 25, 41), and the expression of MFGM thick and thin filaments characteristic of skeletal muscle. Similar antigens in tumors formed by injecting the cells into the appro results are obtained with selected cloned cell lines growing on priate rodents (10, 15, 36). Furthermore, Rama 25 cells can floating collagen gels in vitro. Thus, a developmental^ committed make small amounts of casein, the major protein product of the mammary epithelial cell can give rise, under suitable conditions, alveolar cell of the mammary gland, both in tissue culture with to a well-differentiated mesenchymal lineage, that of skeletal the appropriate hormones (40) and when growing as a tumor in muscle. It is suggested that such cells may be responsible for lactating nude mice (37), confirming its mammary epithelial iden the generation of the well-differentiated mesenchymal elements tity. In the course of this work, both single-cell-cloned cell lines seen in the mixed (epithelial and myoepithelial) tumors of glan also gave rise to a spectrum of cells with morphological forms dular origin. varying from cuboidal epithelial to fully elongated cells. We now report the isolation of some of these cells as single-cell-cloned INTRODUCTION lines from both epithelial precursors and show that they can give rise to tumors in rodents or structures on rafts of floating collagen In certain glandular systems, the myoepithelial cells which gels (17) that contain cells of another well-differentiated mesen surround the ductal epithelial cells have properties similar in chymal lineage, that of skeletal muscle. many respects to those of smooth muscle cells (21). The myo epithelial cell, however, is considered to arise from ductal epithe MATERIALS AND METHODS lial cells at least in the mammary (28, 33) and possibly in the salivary glands (13, 22). The mixed tumors which arise in the Tissue Culture. Rama 25 and Rama 29 cells isolated from a DMBA- salivary glands, the pleomorphic adenomas in particular, contain induced tumor in a Sprague-Dawley rat were grown in RM in an atmos both epithelial and myoepithelial cells together with varying phere of 10% CO2-90% air at 37°(6). Rama 25-25 cells were grown to amounts of well-differentiated mesenchymal products which in confluence, and fresh RM was added to the cultures 12 hr before cloning. clude banded collagen fibers, cartilage, and bone (21). In the Cells were detached by incubation with EDTA-trypsin solutions, and 96 mammary gland, tumors may arise in the epithelium that appar single cells were picked and grown up in wells containing cloning medium ently produce mucoid, chondroid, osteoid, and even bony inter (38). The overall cloning efficiency was 59%, and the percentages of colonies with cells of cuboidal, elongated, and intermediate morphologies cellular substances, and although extremely rare in humans they were 86, 2, and 12%. Three cell clones of intermediate morphology were are more frequent in dogs (18,19, 39). Usually, in humans these grown up in RM and frozen at passage 31. These were designated heterologous elements are thought to originate from neoplastic connective tissue elements (12), although there is evidence for 2 The abbreviations used are: Rama, rat mammary, followed by the single-cell transitional forms between carcinomatous and chondrosarcom- clone number and then a passage number; Rama 25-11, first cell line of intermediate morphology single cell cloned from Rama 25; Rama 37 CL, cell line of large cuboidal atous components suggesting a common ancestry (24). Thus, cells ring cloned from Rama 37; Rama 37 CL-A3, cell line single cell cloned from there is still doubt about whether the well-differentiated mesen Rama 37 CL (15); Rama 37 E, cell line of relatively elongated cells ring cloned from Rama 37; DMBA, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene; MFGM, milk fat globule mem brane; PTAH, phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin; RM, routine medium (Dulbecco's 1To whom requests for reprints should be addressed. modified Eagle's medium, 10% fetal calf serum, hydrocortisone (50 ng/ml), and Received October 25, 1983; accepted January 27, 1984. insulin (50 ng/ml). MAY 1984 2089 Downloaded from cancerres.aacrjournals.org on October 2, 2021. © 1984 American Association for Cancer Research. P.S.Rudlandetal. Rama37 grown for 3 to 4 days to a density of about 80 to 90% of that at (cuboidalepithelialcell) confluency. Two x 106 cells in 0.2 ml Ca2+- and Mg2+-free phosphate- buffered saline were then injected into the right inguinal fat pad, either through the skin of 6-week-old female nude mice or by making an incision and exteriorizing the relevant region in 62-day-old female rats (15, 38). Tumors were palpated and sized each week as before, and when about 1 cm in diameter they were removed and fixed for histology. At autopsy, ringcloning animals were examined for visible metastatic tumor deposits in the lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, lymph nodes, and gonads. Any suspicious areas were processed for histology. To obtain lactating nude mice bearing tumors, female nude mice carrying tumors up to 1 cm in diameter were mated with male BALB/c mice and sacrificed 3 days after parturition. Both the tumor and the left inguinal mammary glands were removed and Rama37E Rama37CL processed for histology (37). (moreelongatedcells) (cuboidalepithelialcell) Histology of Tumors and Collagen Gels. Tumors were cut into slices less than 0.5 cm thick, and both tumor slices and collagen gels were fixed in 60% methanol-30% lnhibisol-10% acetic acid (v/v) for 24 hr at 4°and processed as before (41). Sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, Hoechst 33258, reticulin, Picro-Mallory's acid, Martius scarlet blue, and PTAH methods as described by Drury and Wallington (14), except that the Hoechst-stained sections were irradiated with UV and singlecellcloning restained with Giemsa (6, 27), and the reticulin method was that of Chadwin (11). The fluorochrome Hoechst 33258 was purchased from Riedel de Haen AG, Seelze-Hannover, West Germany. Photographs were taken on llford Pan F film using a Reichert Polyvar microscope. Immunocytochemical Staining. Immunocytochemical staining of sec tions of tumors and collagen gels was carried out by an indirect procedure Rama50to55 Rama37C A3 using an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated second antibody (2, 41). Pri Rama59and60 (cuboidalepithelialcell) mary antibodies raised in rabbits against rat MFGM; purified human keratins (molecular weights, 69,000, 57,000, 47,000, 45,000, and (elongatedcells) 43,000), pig uterine smooth muscle myosin (30), and actin3 (purchased Chart 1. Summary of the isolation of different cell lines of the Rama 37 system. from Miles Chemical Co.) have been characterized and described previ Cell strains from the single-cell-cloned cell line Rama 37 were picked initially with a ously (41, 42). Rabbit antiserum to human skeletal muscle myoglobin ring clone; subsequently, cell lines were generated by picking single cells. Rama was purchased from Miles Yeda (Code 65-075, Lot R 542). In immuno- 37 E were more elongated than the large cuboidal (CL) epithelial cells, Rama 37 cytochemical tests, it reacted only with normal skeletal muscle and not CL, but still were not as fully elongated as Rama 29 or the equivalent elongated cells developed from Rama 37 CL-A3 (15). with smooth muscle or circulating RBC, and the staining of skeletal muscle could be abolished by prior incubation of this antibody with equine skeletal muscle myoglobin (Sigma Code M 0630). Rabbit antisera Rama 25-11, Rama 25-I2, and Rama 25-I4.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Te2, Part Iii
    TERMINOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGICA Second Edition International Embryological Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TE2, PART III Contents Caput V: Organogenesis Chapter 5: Organogenesis (continued) Systema respiratorium Respiratory system Systema urinarium Urinary system Systemata genitalia Genital systems Coeloma Coelom Glandulae endocrinae Endocrine glands Systema cardiovasculare Cardiovascular system Systema lymphoideum Lymphoid system Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Embryologica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, February 2017 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Embryologica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS
    [Show full text]
  • Modelling Breast Epithelial-Endothelial Interaction in Three-Dimensional Cell Culture
    Modelling breast epithelial-endothelial interaction in three-dimensional cell culture A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science Sævar Ingþórsson Department of Medicine University of Iceland Instructors and Masters Project Committee: Þórarinn Guðjónsson, Ph.D Magnús Karl Magnússon, MD Kristján Leósson, Ph.D Reykjavik, Iceland September 2008 Samspil æðaþels og eðlilegs og illkynja þekjuvefjar úr brjóstkirtli í þrívíðri frumurækt Ritgerð til meistaragráðu Sævar Ingþórsson Háskóli Íslands Læknadeild Leiðbeinendur og meistaranámsnefnd: Þórarinn Guðjónsson, Ph.D Magnús Karl Magnússon, MD Kristján Leósson, Ph.D Reykjavík, September 2008 Ágrip Brjóstkirtillinn samanstendur af tveimur megingerðum þekjuvefsfruma, kirtilþekju- og vöðvaþekjufrumum. Saman mynda þessar frumugerðir hina greinóttu formgerð brjóstkirtilsins. Kirtilvefurinn er umlukinn æðaríkum stoðvef sem inniheldur margar mismunandi frumugerðir, þ.m.t. bandvefsfrumur og æðaþelsfrumur. Þroskun og sérhæfing kirtilsins er mjög háð samskiptum hans við millifrumuefni brjóstsins og frumur stoðvefjarins. Mest áhersla hefur verið lögð á rannsóknir á bandvefsfrumum í þessu tilliti, en minni athygli beint að æðaþelsfrumum, sem voru lengi taldar gegna því hlutverki einu að miðla súrefni og næringu um líkamann. Á síðustu árum hefur verið sýnt fram á að nýmyndun æða í krabbameinsæxlum spili stórt hlutverk í framþróun æxlisvaxtar og hefur það verið tengt slæmum horfum. Nýlegar rannsóknir hafa sýnt fram á mikilvægt hlutverk æðaþels í þroskun og sérhæfingu ýmissa líffæra, til dæmis í heila, lifur og beinmerg sem og í framþróun krabbameins. Nýleg þekking bendir einnig til mikilvægra áhrifa æðaþels á þroskun eðlilegs og illkynja brjóstvefjar. Markmið verkefnisins er að kanna áhrif brjóstaæðaþels á eðlilegar og illkynja brjóstaþekjufrumulínur og nota til þess þrívíð ræktunarlíkön sem þróuð voru á rannsóknastofunni, sem og að endurbæta þessi líkön til frekari rannsókna á samskiptum æðaþels og þekjufruma.
    [Show full text]
  • Sweat Gland Myoepithelial Cell Differentiation
    Journal of Cell Science 112, 1925-1936 (1999) 1925 Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1999 JCS4638 Human sweat gland myoepithelial cells express a unique set of cytokeratins and reveal the potential for alternative epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation states in culture Margarete Schön1,*, Jennifer Benwood1, Therese O’Connell-Willstaedt2 and James G. Rheinwald1,2,‡ 1Division of Dermatology/Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and 2Division of Cell Growth and Regulation, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA *Present address: Department of Dermatology, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany ‡Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 9 April; published on WWW 26 May 1999 SUMMARY We have characterized precisely the cytokeratin expression myoepithelial cells, a constituent of secretory glands. pattern of sweat gland myoepithelial cells and have Immunostaining of skin sections revealed that only sweat identified conditions for propagating this cell type and gland myoepithelial cells expressed the same pattern of modulating its differentiation in culture. Rare, unstratified keratins and α-sma and lack of E-cadherin as the cell type epithelioid colonies were identified in cultures initiated we had cultured. Interestingly, our immunocytochemical from several specimens of full-thickness human skin. These analysis of ndk, a skin-derived cell line of uncertain cells divided rapidly in medium containing serum, identity, suggests that this line is of myoepithelial origin. epidermal growth factor (EGF), and hydrocortisone, and Earlier immunohistochemical studies by others had found maintained a closely packed, epithelioid morphology when myoepithelial cells to be K7-negative.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomina Histologica Veterinaria, First Edition
    NOMINA HISTOLOGICA VETERINARIA Submitted by the International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (ICVHN) to the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists Published on the website of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists www.wava-amav.org 2017 CONTENTS Introduction i Principles of term construction in N.H.V. iii Cytologia – Cytology 1 Textus epithelialis – Epithelial tissue 10 Textus connectivus – Connective tissue 13 Sanguis et Lympha – Blood and Lymph 17 Textus muscularis – Muscle tissue 19 Textus nervosus – Nerve tissue 20 Splanchnologia – Viscera 23 Systema digestorium – Digestive system 24 Systema respiratorium – Respiratory system 32 Systema urinarium – Urinary system 35 Organa genitalia masculina – Male genital system 38 Organa genitalia feminina – Female genital system 42 Systema endocrinum – Endocrine system 45 Systema cardiovasculare et lymphaticum [Angiologia] – Cardiovascular and lymphatic system 47 Systema nervosum – Nervous system 52 Receptores sensorii et Organa sensuum – Sensory receptors and Sense organs 58 Integumentum – Integument 64 INTRODUCTION The preparations leading to the publication of the present first edition of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria has a long history spanning more than 50 years. Under the auspices of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (W.A.V.A.), the International Committee on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.A.N.) appointed in Giessen, 1965, a Subcommittee on Histology and Embryology which started a working relation with the Subcommittee on Histology of the former International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee. In Mexico City, 1971, this Subcommittee presented a document entitled Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft as a basis for the continued work of the newly-appointed Subcommittee on Histological Nomenclature. This resulted in the editing of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft II (Toulouse, 1974), followed by preparations for publication of a Nomina Histologica Veterinaria.
    [Show full text]
  • Histological Variations in Myoepithelial Cells and Arrectores Pilorum Muscles Among Caudal, Metatarsal and Preorbital Glands In
    NOTE Anatomy Histological Variations in Myoepithelial Cells and Arrectores Pilorum Muscles among Caudal, Metatarsal and Preorbital Glands in Hokkaido Sika Deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis Heude, 1884) Nobuo OZAKI1), Masatsugu SUZUKI1)* and Noriyuki OHTAISHI1) 1)Laboratory of Wildlife Biology, The Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060–0818, Japan (Received 1 April 2003/Accepted 15 October 2003) ABSTRACT. The morphological characteristics of myoepithelial cells and arrectores pilorum muscles were investigated in caudal, metatarsal and preorbital glands of Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis Heude, 1884) using immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin. In the metatarsal, preorbital and general skin glands, myoepithelial cell layers continuously embraced the secretory epithelium, while in the caudal gland, discontinuous myoepithelial cell rows surrounded the apocrine tubules. There was a trend that the widths of the myoepithelial cells of the caudal and preorbital glands appeared to be thinner than those of the metatarsal and general skin glands. In the metatarsal gland, the arrectores pilorum muscles were highly developed and considerably larger than those in other skin glands. KEY WORDS: arrectores pilorum muscle, myoepithelial cell, sika deer. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66(3): 283–285, 2004 The specialized skin glands in the cervid species include were incubated for 15 min at room temperature with a bioti- forehead, preorbital, tarsal, metatarsal, interdigital and cau- nylated rabbit antibody against mouse IgG, IgA and IgM dal glands [15], most of which contain both apocrine and (Nichirei). Then they were rinsed three times (10 min each) sebaceous glandular elements [1, 7, 12]. In Hokkaido sika in PBS and incubated for 10 min at room temperature in a deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis Heude, 1884), the existence streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complex (Nichirei).
    [Show full text]
  • The Mammary Myoepithelial Cell MEJDI MOUMEN, AURÉLIE CHICHE, STÉPHANIE CAGNET, VALÉRIE PETIT, KARINE RAYMOND, MARISA M
    Int. J. Dev. Biol. 55: 763-771 doi: 10.1387/ijdb.113385mm www.intjdevbiol.com The mammary myoepithelial cell MEJDI MOUMEN, AURÉLIE CHICHE, STÉPHANIE CAGNET, VALÉRIE PETIT, KARINE RAYMOND, MARISA M. FARALDO, MARIE-ANGE DEUGNIER and MARINA A. GLUKHOVA* CNRS, UMR 144 Institut Curie "Compartimentation et Dynamique Cellulaires", Paris, France ABSTRACT Over the last few years, the discovery of basal-type mammary carcinomas and the association of the regenerative potential of the mammary epithelium with the basal myoepithelial cell population have attracted considerable attention to this second major mammary lineage. Howe- ver, many questions concerning the role of basal myoepithelial cells in mammary morphogenesis, functional differentiation and disease remain unanswered. Here, we discuss the mechanisms that control the myoepithelial cell differentiation essential for their contractile function, summarize new data concerning the roles played by cell-extracellular matrix (ECM), intercellular and paracrine interactions in the regulation of various aspects of the mammary basal myoepithelial cell functional activity. Finally, we analyze the contribution of the basal myoepithelial cells to the regenerative potential of the mammary epithelium and tumorigenesis. KEY WORDS: differentiation, extracellular matrix, intercellular signaling, stem cells, tumorigenesis Introduction in permanent reciprocal interactions with the connective tissue surrounding the mammary epithelium. Functionally differentiated mammary gland consists of secretory The myoepithelium
    [Show full text]
  • Índice De Denominacións Españolas
    VOCABULARIO Índice de denominacións españolas 255 VOCABULARIO 256 VOCABULARIO agente tensioactivo pulmonar, 2441 A agranulocito, 32 abaxial, 3 agujero aórtico, 1317 abertura pupilar, 6 agujero de la vena cava, 1178 abierto de atrás, 4 agujero dental inferior, 1179 abierto de delante, 5 agujero magno, 1182 ablación, 1717 agujero mandibular, 1179 abomaso, 7 agujero mentoniano, 1180 acetábulo, 10 agujero obturado, 1181 ácido biliar, 11 agujero occipital, 1182 ácido desoxirribonucleico, 12 agujero oval, 1183 ácido desoxirribonucleico agujero sacro, 1184 nucleosómico, 28 agujero vertebral, 1185 ácido nucleico, 13 aire, 1560 ácido ribonucleico, 14 ala, 1 ácido ribonucleico mensajero, 167 ala de la nariz, 2 ácido ribonucleico ribosómico, 168 alantoamnios, 33 acino hepático, 15 alantoides, 34 acorne, 16 albardado, 35 acostarse, 850 albugínea, 2574 acromático, 17 aldosterona, 36 acromatina, 18 almohadilla, 38 acromion, 19 almohadilla carpiana, 39 acrosoma, 20 almohadilla córnea, 40 ACTH, 1335 almohadilla dental, 41 actina, 21 almohadilla dentaria, 41 actina F, 22 almohadilla digital, 42 actina G, 23 almohadilla metacarpiana, 43 actitud, 24 almohadilla metatarsiana, 44 acueducto cerebral, 25 almohadilla tarsiana, 45 acueducto de Silvio, 25 alocórtex, 46 acueducto mesencefálico, 25 alto de cola, 2260 adamantoblasto, 59 altura a la punta de la espalda, 56 adenohipófisis, 26 altura anterior de la espalda, 56 ADH, 1336 altura del esternón, 47 adipocito, 27 altura del pecho, 48 ADN, 12 altura del tórax, 48 ADN nucleosómico, 28 alunarado, 49 ADNn, 28
    [Show full text]
  • Myoepithelial Cell-Specific Expression of Stefin a As a Suppressor of Early Breast Cancer Invasion
    Journal of Pathology J Pathol 2017; 243: 496–509 ORIGINAL PAPER Published online 31 October 2017 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/path.4990 Myoepithelial cell-specific expression of stefin A as a suppressor of early breast cancer invasion Hendrika M Duivenvoorden1, Jai Rautela1,2,3†,4†, Laura E Edgington-Mitchell1,5†, Alex Spurling1, David W Greening1, Cameron J Nowell5, Timothy J Molloy6, Elizabeth Robbins7, Natasha K Brockwell1, Cheok Soon Lee7−10, Maoshan Chen1, Anne Holliday7, Cristina I Selinger7,MinHu11, Kara L Britt12, David A Stroud13, Matthew Bogyo14,Andreas , , Möller15, Kornelia Polyak11, Bonnie F Sloane16,17, Sandra A O’Toole8 18 19* and Belinda S Parker1* 1 Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Melbourne, VIC, Australia 2 Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia 3 The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia 4 Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia 5 Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia 6 St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, NSW, Australia 7 Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia 8 Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia 9 Cancer Pathology and Cell Biology Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, and University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
    [Show full text]
  • With Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining, the Myoepithelial Cell Appears to Be Small and Fusiform, Its Long Axis Being Parallel to the Basement Membrane
    MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS IN CARCINOMA OF HUMAN BREAST KIRITI SARKAR, M.B.B.S.,* AND ERNST KALLENBACH, PH.D.t From the Department of Anatomy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada In ducts and alveoli of the normal mammary gland, contractile ele- ments of epithelial origin (myoepithelial cells) are located between the epithelium and basement membrane. In the ducts myoepithelial elements appear as elongated cells, arranged like the turns of a screw.' They are spaced apart from one another except for occasional points of contact. With the increased number of ducts and alveoli occurring in the lactating gland, these cells also increase in number while retaining their architec- tural arrangement. They contain myofibrils which endow them with contractility and thus help in the ejection of milk.2 Several observers have described myoepithelial proliferation in vari- ous pathologic lesions of the human breast, for example, in benign lesions such as fibroadenoma,3-5 fibrocystic disease,3-5 and gynecomastia in males.5 The mixed tumor of the mammary gland, frequent in the bitch though extremely rare in the human, contains numerous myoepithelial cells.3'4 While it has been postulated that these cells may become malig- nant and take part in forming the neoplastic stroma in so-called "car- cinosarcoma" of mammary glands,4 it is widely held that they are absent in such common carcinomas as ductal carcinoma.5 With hematoxylin and eosin staining, the myoepithelial cell appears to be small and fusiform, its long axis being parallel to the basement membrane. It takes up a much darker stain than the ductal epithelium; the myofibrils are not discernible and even the nuclear-cytoplasmic demarcation is not prominent.
    [Show full text]
  • Increased Myoepithelial Cells of Bronchial Submucosal
    Thorax Online First, published on December 8, 2009 as 10.1136/thx.2008.111435 Thorax: first published as 10.1136/thx.2008.111435 on 8 December 2009. Downloaded from INCREASED MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS OF BRONCHIAL SUBMUCOSAL GLANDS IN FATAL ASTHMA Francis H.Y. Green1, D. Joshua Williams1, Alan James2,3, Laura J. McPhee1, Ian Mitchell1 and Thais Mauad4 1Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada 2 Department of Pulmonary Physiology, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Perth, WA, Australia 3 School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia 4 Laboratory of Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo University Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Please address correspondence to: Francis H.Y. Green, M.D. Professor, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary 3330 Hospital Drive N.W. http://thorax.bmj.com/ Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1 Canada Tel: (403) 220-4514 Fax: (403) 270-8928 E-mail: [email protected] Key words: asthma, bronchi, exocrine gland, mucus, myoepithelial cell on September 29, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. 1 Copyright Article author (or their employer) 2009. Produced by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (& BTS) under licence. Thorax: first published as 10.1136/thx.2008.111435 on 8 December 2009. Downloaded from ABSTRACT Background: Fatal asthma is characterized by enlargement of bronchial mucous glands and tenacious mucus plugs in the airway lumen. Myoepithelial cells, located within the mucous glands, contain contractile proteins, which provide structural support to mucous cells and actively facilitate glandular secretion. Objectives: To determine if myoepithelial cells are increased in the bronchial submucosal glands of fatal asthma.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Sweat Gland Myoepithelial Cells Express a Unique Set Of
    Journal of Cell Science 112, 1925-1936 (1999) 1925 Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1999 JCS4638 Human sweat gland myoepithelial cells express a unique set of cytokeratins and reveal the potential for alternative epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation states in culture Margarete Schön1,*, Jennifer Benwood1, Therese O’Connell-Willstaedt2 and James G. Rheinwald1,2,‡ 1Division of Dermatology/Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and 2Division of Cell Growth and Regulation, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA *Present address: Department of Dermatology, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany ‡Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 9 April; published on WWW 26 May 1999 SUMMARY We have characterized precisely the cytokeratin expression myoepithelial cells, a constituent of secretory glands. pattern of sweat gland myoepithelial cells and have Immunostaining of skin sections revealed that only sweat identified conditions for propagating this cell type and gland myoepithelial cells expressed the same pattern of modulating its differentiation in culture. Rare, unstratified keratins and α-sma and lack of E-cadherin as the cell type epithelioid colonies were identified in cultures initiated we had cultured. Interestingly, our immunocytochemical from several specimens of full-thickness human skin. These analysis of ndk, a skin-derived cell line of uncertain cells divided rapidly in medium containing serum, identity, suggests that this line is of myoepithelial origin. epidermal growth factor (EGF), and hydrocortisone, and Earlier immunohistochemical studies by others had found maintained a closely packed, epithelioid morphology when myoepithelial cells to be K7-negative.
    [Show full text]
  • Myoepithelial Cell-Driven Acini Contraction in Response to Oxytocin
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Myoepithelial cell-driven acini contraction in response to oxytocin receptor stimulation is impaired Received: 24 February 2018 Accepted: 19 June 2018 in lacrimal glands of Sjögren’s Published: xx xx xxxx syndrome animal models Dillon Hawley1, Xin Tang2, Tatiana Zyrianova2, Mihir Shah3, Srikanth Janga3, Alexandra Letourneau1, Martin Schicht4, Friedrich Paulsen4, Sarah Hamm-Alvarez3,5, Helen P. Makarenkova2 & Driss Zoukhri1,6 The purpose of the present studies was to investigate the impact of chronic infammation of the lacrimal gland, as occurs in Sjögren’s syndrome, on the morphology and function of myoepithelial cells (MECs). In spite of the importance of MECs for lacrimal gland function, the efect of infammation on MECs has not been well defned. We studied changes in MEC structure and function in two animal models of aqueous defcient dry eye, NOD and MRL/lpr mice. We found a statistically signifcant reduction in the size of MECs in diseased compared to control lacrimal glands. We also found that oxytocin receptor was highly expressed in MECs of mouse and human lacrimal glands and that its expression was strongly reduced in diseased glands. Furthermore, we found a signifcant decrease in the amount of two MEC contractile proteins, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and calponin. Finally, oxytocin- mediated contraction was impaired in lacrimal gland acini from diseased glands. We conclude that chronic infammation of the lacrimal gland leads to a substantial thinning of MECs, down-regulation of contractile proteins and oxytocin receptor expression, and therefore impaired acini contraction. This is the frst study highlighting the role of oxytocin mediated MEC contraction on lacrimal gland function.
    [Show full text]