28 – 30 June 2011, Macao, China Document No. ADF-8/21 3
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Aviation Industry Agreed in 2008 to the World’S First Set of Sector-Specific Climate Change Targets
CONTENTS Introduction 2 Executive summary 3 Key facts and figures from the world of air transport A global industry, driving sustainable development 11 Aviation’s global economic, social and environmental profile in 2016 Regional and group analysis 39 Africa 40 Asia-Pacific 42 Europe 44 Latin America and the Caribbean 46 Middle East 48 North America 50 APEC economies 52 European Union 53 Small island states 54 Developing countries 55 OECD countries 56 Least-developed countries 57 Landlocked developing countries 58 National analysis 59 A country-by-country look at aviation’s benefits A growth industry 75 An assessment of the next 20 years of aviation References 80 Methodology 84 1 AVIATION BENEFITS BEYOND BORDERS INTRODUCTION Open skies, open minds The preamble to the Chicago Convention – in many ways aviation’s constitution – says that the “future development of international civil aviation can greatly help to create and preserve friendship and understanding among the nations and peoples of the world”. Drafted in December 1944, the Convention also illustrates a sentiment that underpins the construction of the post-World War Two multilateral economic system: that by trading with one another, we are far less likely to fight one another. This pursuit of peace helped create the United Nations and other elements of our multilateral system and, although these institutions are never perfect, they have for the most part achieved that most basic aim: peace. Air travel, too, played its own important role. If trading with others helps to break down barriers, then meeting and learning from each other surely goes even further. -
Feasibility Study GREEN CLIMATE FUND FUNDING PROPOSAL I
Annex II – Feasibility Study GREEN CLIMATE FUND FUNDING PROPOSAL I FEASIBILITY STUDY Addressing Climate Vulnerability In the Water Sector (ACWA) United Nations Development Programme UNDP On behalf of Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands RMI March 2018 For Submission to the Green Climate Fund EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a small island developing states (SIDS) consisting of 29 coral atolls and 5 single islands. The nation is a large-ocean state, with approximately 1,225 islands and islets with a total land area of only 182 km2, spread across over 2 million km2 of vast ocean space. Most of the 24 inhabited local government jurisdictions (atolls and islands) are remote and lie merely 2 meters above sea level on average, posing various challenges and risks to sustainable development in face of climate change. RMI’s population in 2017 is estimated as 55,5621, most of which is concentrated in urban atolls of Majuro and Kwajalein (Ebeye)2. Context Climate Change: It is predicted, that RMI will face increasing sea level rise, increasing rainfall variability with potential for extended drought periods and increasing storm surges with climate change3, further aggravating RMI’s vulnerability and more specifically sustainable water supply. These climate change impacts are likely to exacerbate the risks of water shortages in RMI, by further challenging the ability of the Marshallese people to have access to safe freshwater resources year-round. Droughts and storm waves are some of the key climate based events that impact RMI. Climate projections show that in the next twenty-five years, rainfall and drought scenarios in RMI will continue and may increase in the short term4. -
Pohnpei International Airport Master Plan
FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE POHNPEI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT FINAL MASTER PLAN JUNE 2012 POHNPEI FINAL POHNPEI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT MASTER PLAN Table of Contents Page 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Purpose of the Master Plan ......................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Scope of the Master Plan ............................................................................ 1-1 1.3 Scope of Project Work ................................................................................. 1-2 1.3.1 Existing Conditions/Inventory ......................................................... 1-2 1.3.2 Aviation Forecasts .......................................................................... 1-2 1.3.3 Airport Operations .......................................................................... 1-2 1.3.4 Demand/Capacity Analysis ............................................................ 1-3 1.3.5 Land Use Planning ......................................................................... 1-3 1.3.6 Utilities ............................................................................................ 1-3 1.3.7 Environmental Impact ..................................................................... 1-4 1.3.8 Capital Improvement Program/Facilities Requirement Plan .......... 1-4 1.3.9 Airport Layout Plan Drawing Set .................................................... 1-4 1.4 Federal and Local Approval........................................................................ -
Getting to Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands
Getting to Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands Airport • Majuro is served by the Amata Kabua International Airport with the call letters MAJ . • Airport Tax: A departure fee of $20.00 U.S. is required except for children less than 12 years old and adults over 60 years old. Airlines The two main airlines servicing the Marshall Islands from abroad are: • United Airlines. United operates between Asia and Honolulu and provides a connection to the Marshall Islands in both directions on what is affectionately named the “Island Hopper”. The route is Honolulu direct to Majuro (4.5 hours), or Guam to Majuro with four quick “hops” (8 hours). • Nauru Airlines. Nauru Airlines operates between Australia and the Marshall Islands and also connects with Nauru and Kiribati. Immigration • U.S., Palau, and FSM Citizens are exempt from Visas with a valid Passport. • A 30-day visa-on-arrival will be granted for citizens of Australia and New Zealand, Canada, European Union (includes United Kingdom), South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines with the proper paperwork. • All others should use the following procedure: 1. Generally, an application for a visa should consist of the following: i. Completed application form (with two recent passport size photos) ii. Passport (valid for at least 6 months) iii. Supporting documents: (i) Letter from applicant – stating the purpose and duration of visit (ii) Police record – must be dated within last 3 months (iii) Health clearance – must show person is free from HIV/AIDS and TB; dated within last 3 months (iv) Receipt – to show payment of application fee 2. -
Airlines Operating in the Pacific As at 29 April 2020
Please note, although we endeavour to provide you with the most up to date information derived from various third parties and sources, we cannot be held accountable for any inaccuracies or changes to this information. Inclusion of company information in this matrix does not imply any business relationship between the supplier and WFP / Logistics Cluster, and is used solely as a determinant of services, and capacities. Logistics Cluster /WFP maintain complete impartiality and are not in a position to endorse, comment on any company's suitability as a reputable service provider. If you have any updates to share, please email them to: [email protected] Airlines operating in the Pacific as at 29 April 2020 company website restrictions Air Caledonie http://air-caledonie.nc 27 April: Resumption of operations from Monday, May 4, in accordance with the recommended health measures, including a maximum of 35 passengers on each flight. Sales agencies as well as the cargo service this Thursday, April 30th to welcome passenger reservations and receive package drop-off. Those who wish to reserve their place can already go to the websiteor call 25.21.77 Monday to Friday from 7 :30 to 16 :30. Air Calin (New Caledonia) https://fj.aircalin.com/en# See Alert: https://au.aircalin.com/en/breaking-news-covid-19 Air Kiribati http://www.airkiribati.com.ki Air Loyaute (New Caledonia) https://www.air-loyaute.nc all flights grounded until further notice Air Marshall Islands http://www.airmarshallislands.net An extension of the total suspension of international travelers coming into the RMI via air travel until May 5, 2020. -
Terminal Evaluation: Undp Gef Project (Id 2568) Renewable Energies (Admire)” 12 May 2016
TERMINAL EVALUATION: UNDP GEF PROJECT (ID 2568) “ACTION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARSHALL ISLANDS RENEWABLE ENERGIES (ADMIRE)” 12 MAY 2016 AMITAV RATH i Acknowledgements I am grateful to many people for their cooperation and assistance during the conduct of this evaluation and wish to thank them for providing time for meetings, interviews and for answering many questions in person and by email and phone. Special thanks are due to all the persons (listed in the third annex) who provided time and valuable insights and information and contributed to this evaluation. Special thanks are due to the staff of the Ministry of Resources and Development, Republic of the Marshall Islands for their support during the evaluation mission and to the staff of UNDP in Fiji and Bangkok, who provided many documents, shared their insights and provided full assistance. Individual mention and acknowledgement are due to ‐ Walter Myazoe at MRD, who provided a very wide set of documents on the many different energy related cooperation activities in RMI, without which my understanding of the situation would have been very inadequate; Dolores deBrum Kattil, the Project Manager who provided me with the considerable documentation on the project and made all arrangements for the meetings in RMI; Ned Lobwij at MRD who stepped in to make many interviews and meetings actually happen, as Annex 3. Special acknowledgements are due to Emma Mario, the Environment Programme Analyst at the UNDP Fiji MCO for discussions and additional documents; Thomas Jensen, Energy Programme Specialist at the UNDP Pacific Centre, Fiji, for extensive comments to the first draft; and to Manuel L. -
Radiological Survey Plan for the Northern Marshall Islands
RADIOLOGICAL SL~VEY PUN FOR THE NORTHER22NJJUXALL IS-LANDS FUDIOLOGICAL SURVEY PIAN FOR THE NORTHERN MARSHALL ISLANDS PART TITLE TAB I PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES 1 II HISTORICAL INFORMATION 2 III SCOPE OF SURVEY 3 A. THE 13 ATOLLS B. ORGANIZATION c. TERRESTRIAL PROGRAM D. MARINE PROGMM E. AERIAL PHOTO AiYDRADIOLOGICAL SURVEY F. SURVEY SCHEDULE A!NDSERIES MAPS IV MILESTONE CHART 4 v AGENCY ASSIGhNENTS 5 DRAFT ME?!OwND~~ OF AGRE~:ENT BETWEEN DEPTS OF THE NAVi, ENERGY, AND INTERIOR VI PUBLIC INFORWTION 6 VII FUNDING 7 . APPENDIX 1 8 FALLOUT FROM PACIFIC TESTS FALLOUT PATTERN-BRAvO EVENT 1954 TAB 1 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES ‘———r m -1— - R/lDrO!.OCIC,f.L SL’R[’EYPUN FOR THE t:ol{i}[ip:::;,RSIL:LLISIJC{DS PURPOSE THE PURPOSE OF THE NORTHERS YX?SHALL ISLASDS SUR?EY PROGWXI 1: TO PROI’IDE A DOCWIEXTAT1OS OF THE R~21:;I:~GRADIOACiII’IH FROX NUCLEAR T] TING ASD TO PROVIDE SLTPORT DATA FOR .x: ASSESWEST OF I%E MDI.ITION DO: TO PEOPLE BEFORE THE TEFC’:IXATIOSOF THE LTITE2 XATIOXS TRUST AGR1 ?IEXT. OBJECTIVES THE OBJECTItTS OF THE PRC)GFW:ARE: 1. TO OBTAIN AERIAL ?.~DIOLOGIC.i L }L!?S OF il!EXORTHEN: :.’NRSHAI ATOLLS, AND ISW(DS , A study has identified 11 atolls and 2 islands as those most likely to have received fallout from o or more nuclear tests conduc~ea at Bikini and Ene during the L.S. Pacific testing program. 2. TO SA~lPLEND ?IE.4SURETHE lUDIOACTIVI~ IS SOIL, WATER, PL :T LIFE AND FOOD, ADJACEST YLARIXEh’ATIRS,AXD MARIXE MD TEFLRESTRL . -
Atoll Research Bulletin No. 330 a Review of The
ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 330 A REVIEW OF THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS BY F. RAYMOND FOSBERG ISSUED BY NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. January 1990 A REVIEW OF THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS F. RAYMOND FOSBERG This review was prepared on very short notice, to provide a summary of what is known to the reviewer at the time, June 1988, about the natural phenomena of the Marshall Islands. This was for the use of the members of the survay team sent to the Marshalls by the Environmentand Policy Institute of the East-West Center, Honolulu. Their mission was to investigate the remaining relatively natural areas and the extent of biodiversity in the new Republic of the Marshall Islands. The Marshall Archipelago has been the habitat of Aboriginal man for many hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of years. Hence there is very little, if any, undisturbed land remaining. Since the coming of the Europeans, in the 19th Century, and especially in the years 1940 to the present, the disturbance and change have been greatly intensified. On four of the Atolls, namely, Eniwetok, Bikini, Kwajalein, and Majuro, the alteration has been catastrophic. Change is so rapid that even a superficial account of what was observed during the early and mid 1950's seems worth placing on permanent record. This account is definitely not the results of a systematic literature search, but merely what is stores in the reviewer's head and in his notebooks, with such additions as are acknowkedged in the text. -
CATCHING the DRIFT: Impacts of Oceanic Drift Material in the Marshall Islands
MICRONESIAN JOURNAL OF THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES Vol. 5, nº 1/2 Combined Issue November 2006 CATCHING THE DRIFT: Impacts of Oceanic Drift Material in the Marshall Islands Nancy Vander Velde and Brian Vander Velde Majuro, Marshall Islands The Marshall Islands, situated in the Central Pacific, are far from any major landmass. However, by means of oceanic drift, they are connected with virtually all the Pacific. This paper reviews how the types of drift from various areas have impacted the lives of people on the Marshall Islands. The local language, canoe construction, tools, food, agriculture and other aspects of the culture have been influenced by oceanic drift, with the effects continuing to the present The Marshall Islands, located from between with the help of humans. All other plants likely 160º to 173º east and 4º to 14º north, lie thou- came by traveling the waves. sands kilometers in all directions from any ma- The proportion of plant species which likely jor mass of land. Geologically the 29 atolls and came through oceanic drift is quite high when 5 solitary coral islands1, which constitute this compared with other islands. After Krakatau country, are figured to be quite young, prob- was devastated in 1883, the restoration process ably only coming to a point where they could began a little over a year later with a “few be colonized by land species three- to four- blades of grass.” Although the nearest unaffec- thousand years ago. Furthermore, it was likely ted land was comparatively near, being only only about two-thousand years ago when hu- about 40 km away, early plant recolonization mans were able to colonize the land (NBTRMI consisted of many species which spread via 2000, pp. -
General Information Travel Time
Chuuk Lagoon Notes GENERAL INFORMATION TRAVEL TIME Approximate travel time from the UK to Chuuk is 2 days (incorporating time difference). Suggested route is via Asia and Guam. AIRPORT TERMINAL FEE Passengers travelling within the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) are required to pay an airport departure tax, for Chuuk this is currently 40US$ TIME ZONE The local time is 10 hours ahead of UTC (GMT). PASSPORT AND VISAS Passport holders of most western countries may obtain a visa on arrival which allows stays up to 30 days. Please ensure your passport has validity of at least 6 months upon arrival into Chuuk. For more information please visit www.visit-fsm.org. All flights to Chuuk International Airport (TKK) require transit via Guam, United States. All non-US citizens must obtain a US visa or Electronic System of Travel Authorization (ESTA) prior to travel. ESTA applications should be made online at least 72 hours prior to travel. LANGUAGE AND RELIGION The spoken language in Chuuk is English along with a variety of local dialects and Micronesian languages. In Chuuk, Clan culture is at the forefront, whilst in other Micronesian states the Congregational Church features strongly within the culture. CURRENCY The local currency is the US Dollar (US$). The majority of established hotels, shops and restaurants accept major credit cards. However, smaller establishments are likely to only accept cash payments. ATMs are available, however guests are advised to exchange money prior to arrival and to ensure you have small denominations on hand. ELECTRICITY Onboard our yacht there are both 220V and 110V with 2 round pin sockets, European style. -
And Welcome to Magnificent Micronesia!
Hafa Adai! (Greetings!) and welcome to Magnificent Micronesia! It is difficult to imagine what French explorer and cartographer Dumont D’Urville saw in the early 19th century when he and other scientists visited the Pacific. Though he is responsible for labeling the region collectively as Micronesia, or small islands that, on a map, look like “chickpeas flung across a table,” the western Pacific is much more than mere chickpeas. More than 175 years later, the Micronesia D’Urville experienced is very different, emerging as a premier one-stop eco-cultural destination of choice: Lush verdant jungles, white sandy beaches, a surrealistic underwater world teeming with an abundance of life, architectural Neolithic monuments that have withstood the test of time, and a gracious people steeped in cultural tradition-all joined by modern amenities. America’s last frontier is a wondrous three-million-square-mile realm of more than 2,000 high and low islands scattered across the western and central Pacific. Intrepid Southeast Asian seafarers first settled the Micronesian islands more than 3,000 years ago. These skilled seafarers made the arduous journey to Micronesia in canoes using traditional methods of navigation; open ocean voyages often took months to complete, and at considerable loss of life. Today, the trip takes just a few short hours by air, yet the journey remains an adventure. To fully appreciate the western Pacific, we recommend you reserve time to travel-and relax-while experiencing Chamorro hospitality in Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands before heading west to the magical islands of Yap and Palau. Take a day or so to recharge your travel batteries in Guam before embarking on an eastward journey that will take you through the Caroline Islands of Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Kosrae and the Marshall Islands. -
International Airport Codes
Airport Code Airport Name City Code City Name Country Code Country Name AAA Anaa AAA Anaa PF French Polynesia AAB Arrabury QL AAB Arrabury QL AU Australia AAC El Arish AAC El Arish EG Egypt AAE Rabah Bitat AAE Annaba DZ Algeria AAG Arapoti PR AAG Arapoti PR BR Brazil AAH Merzbrueck AAH Aachen DE Germany AAI Arraias TO AAI Arraias TO BR Brazil AAJ Cayana Airstrip AAJ Awaradam SR Suriname AAK Aranuka AAK Aranuka KI Kiribati AAL Aalborg AAL Aalborg DK Denmark AAM Mala Mala AAM Mala Mala ZA South Africa AAN Al Ain AAN Al Ain AE United Arab Emirates AAO Anaco AAO Anaco VE Venezuela AAQ Vityazevo AAQ Anapa RU Russia AAR Aarhus AAR Aarhus DK Denmark AAS Apalapsili AAS Apalapsili ID Indonesia AAT Altay AAT Altay CN China AAU Asau AAU Asau WS Samoa AAV Allah Valley AAV Surallah PH Philippines AAX Araxa MG AAX Araxa MG BR Brazil AAY Al Ghaydah AAY Al Ghaydah YE Yemen AAZ Quetzaltenango AAZ Quetzaltenango GT Guatemala ABA Abakan ABA Abakan RU Russia ABB Asaba ABB Asaba NG Nigeria ABC Albacete ABC Albacete ES Spain ABD Abadan ABD Abadan IR Iran ABF Abaiang ABF Abaiang KI Kiribati ABG Abingdon Downs QL ABG Abingdon Downs QL AU Australia ABH Alpha QL ABH Alpha QL AU Australia ABJ Felix Houphouet-Boigny ABJ Abidjan CI Ivory Coast ABK Kebri Dehar ABK Kebri Dehar ET Ethiopia ABM Northern Peninsula ABM Bamaga QL AU Australia ABN Albina ABN Albina SR Suriname ABO Aboisso ABO Aboisso CI Ivory Coast ABP Atkamba ABP Atkamba PG Papua New Guinea ABS Abu Simbel ABS Abu Simbel EG Egypt ABT Al-Aqiq ABT Al Baha SA Saudi Arabia ABU Haliwen ABU Atambua ID Indonesia ABV Nnamdi Azikiwe Intl ABV Abuja NG Nigeria ABW Abau ABW Abau PG Papua New Guinea ABX Albury NS ABX Albury NS AU Australia ABZ Dyce ABZ Aberdeen GB United Kingdom ACA Juan N.