DOCSLIB.ORG

Social Safeguards Due Diligence Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Social Safeguards Due Diligence Report Social Safeguards Due Diligence Report May 2020 MON: Developing the Economic Cooperation Zone Project Prepared by Zamyn-Uud Free Zone Governor’s Office and the Ministry of Construction and Urban Development of Mongolia for the Asian Development Bank. This social safeguards due diligence report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Tuesday, May 5, 2020 at 5:19:01 PM Philippine Standard Time Subject: ConfirmaIon of changes in documents Date: Tuesday, 7 May 2020 at 4:78:76 PM Philippine Standard Time From: [email protected] G/[email protected] To: I0aoqin Fan [email protected] CC: Dorothea C. Nazaro [email protected] Pnurjargal DalaiRhuu [email protected] Эрдэнэтуяа Даринчулуун [email protected] To: Ms. I0aoqin Fan Director Public Management, Financial Sector and aegional CooperaIon Division East csia Department csian Development danR Dear Ms. Fan, ee hereby submit an updated Social Safeguards Due Diligence aeport fDDag fMay 2020g for the proposed Mongolia: Developing the Economic CooperaIon hone Project. The project name has been changed to be consistent iith the dra: cmendment to the Nai on Free hone and the internaIonal agreement on economic cooperaIon Oone signed iith the PaC. The de$niIon of project area ias also amended to cover approLimately 300 or more hectares of the hamynlPud free Oone, ihich shall be con$rmed a:er compleIon of the detailed engineering design to be carried out for the project. ee con$rm that the changes do not trigger any involuntary resemlement impacts. The social safeguards assessment covered the enIre n00 hectares of hamynlPud free Oone as iell as outside the Oone and con$rmed that there iill be no involuntary resemlement impacts as reoected in the DDa submied to ADB in April 2020. Sayanaa NRhagvasuren Senior cdviser and Chief of Stap to Deputy Prime 80nister of Mongolia Orce of the Deputy Prime 80nister Page 1 of 1 Developing the Economic Cooperation Zone Project (RRP MON 51410) Acronyms and Abbreviations ADB Asian Development Bank DDR Due Diligence Report EA Executing Agency IA Implementing Agency MCUD Ministry of Construction and Urban Development ODPM Office of the Deputy Prime Minister’s Office SPS Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (ADB) ZU Zamyn-Uud ZUFZ Zamyn-Uud free zone ZUFZGO Zamyn-Uud Free Zone Governor’s Office i Developing the Economic Cooperation Zone Project (RRP MON 51410) Executive Summary The purpose of this due diligence report (DDR) is to screen whether the local laws and regulations of Mongolia, and ADB’s involuntary resettlement policy safeguards will be triggered by the proposed scope of works under the Project. The screening is based on the ADB Social Policy Statement 2009 (SPS 2009) and the laws and regulations of the Government of Mongolia (the government). This DDR also documents the consultations held with key stakeholders, their concerns, and recommendations for project implementation. There are three outputs under the project preparation for the Zamyn-Uud free zone (ZUFZ): (1) Zamyn-Uud free zone infrastructure and facilities constructed and operational, (2) Sustainable operations and management of Zamyn-Uud free zone promoted; and (3) Zamyn-Uud free zone port of entry system established. Specifically, output 1 will address infrastructure gaps in the Zamyn-Uud free zone using a phased approach physical development within the project area. The project area will cover approximately 300 or more hectares of the Zamyn-Uud free zone, which shall be confirmed after completion of the detailed engineering design to be carried out for the project. Output 1 comprises: (a) construction within the project area of: (i) new primary 4-lane and secondary 2-lane roads with sidewalks and streetlights; (ii) underground pipes for heating, water supply, and waste water collection, and power supply transmission lines; (iii) a solid waste management transfer station and a recycling center; (iv) security fence in accordance with the specifications of the General Authority of Border Protection; and (v) a gateway complex with a warehouse, a control space shed, gender-specific washrooms, and an inspection platform; and (b) installation of necessary equipment, including cargo and passenger automatic x-ray and radiation detection equipment. The Office of the Deputy Prime Minister is the executing agency. There are two implementing agencies under this project: a) The Zamyn-Uud Free Zone Governor’s Office (ZUFZGO). By law, a governor of a free zone is in charge of operation of the free zone and accountable to Deputy Prime Minister; and, b) The Ministry of Construction and Urban Development (MCUD). The MCUD was the implementing agency for the ancillary facilities and has the authority to issue construction permits and special licenses to operate necessary utilities that will support zone operations. Land Requirement There will be no private land required to be acquired by the project. The proposed subproject sites are on government land including the 900 ha free zone and the location of the utilities built just outside the zone to service it. The land within the free zone belongs to the ZU Free Zone and the site for the heating plant and wastewater treatment plant just outside the ZU Free Zone belongs to the Ministry of Construction and Urban Development. These utilities include heating plant and waste water treatment facility built within the 5 km protected zone from the border with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) where building of private infrastructure was strictly not allowed. Also, the proposed cable and pipes for utilities to be built underground such as water, waste water treatment, power supply, heating, and fiber optic cable will utilize the existing right- of-way provided under the ZU Free Zone 2011 Master Plan. ii Developing the Economic Cooperation Zone Project (RRP MON 51410) Damage to Non-Land Assets There are no privately-owned non-land assets to be affected prior to the project construction as the proposed subproject sites are existing government infrastructure (water reservoir, heating plant and waste water treatment plant) and a new power plant to build just outside the free zone is on a vacant government land. To connect the investor lots to these services and utilities the project will utilize the right-of -way along the current and planned road as per the free zone Master Plan that laid out investor lots and roads as well as utilities that will be laid out along the road corridor thus the project is identified as Category C. Cultural or Heritage Site There is a cemetery about 300-400 meters away from the project area (as determined by initial project design). The project design has avoided the cemetery and the initial environmental examination proposes to construct a fence around the old cemetery to protect and respect this site. Legacy Issue and Land Disputes There were no identified legacy issues and disputes during the feasibility study on the proposed subproject locations within and outside the free zone. Socioeconomic Information Population. The project area is located at the main Mongolia-PRC border crossing 700km SE of Ulaanbaatar. It is also about a kilometer from the Zamyn-Uud soum of Dornogovi province in southern Mongolia. There are 18,930 people (5,189 households), of whom 9,595 are male, and 9,335 are females according to the 2018 census. Indigenous People. The project is Category C for impacts on Indigenous People. There are no indigenous communities within the ZUFZ. The ZUFZ, located in the Gobi desert region, is not identified to host any ethnic group. The current population is comprised of general Mongolian population who moved to the Zamyn-Uud border to find income opportunities from the increasing border trade. They are not considered distinct indigenous groups by the government’s or ADB’s indigenous peoples’ criteria. There are 14 soums (districts) in Dornogovi province with five bags (sub-district/villages) including ZU. ZU is comprised of five bags with bags no. 3,4, and 5 being a ger (informal settlement) area. Bag no. 3 is the area with highest migrant population, estimated by local government to be at around 90% of its population. The majority work as informal traders (all women) and taxi drivers (estimated to be 90% men and 10% women). Livelihood. From a small border community, ZU developed into a small town located in the arid Gobi Desert environment with seasonal temperature extremes and limited water resources. Zamyn-Uud’s population relies heavily on border traffic and trade for its economic existence. iii Developing the Economic Cooperation Zone Project (RRP MON 51410) Access to basic services Electricity. In 2018, 5,068 households in ZU are connected to the central electricity grid, six households connected to renewable energy source, 29 households connected to small-scale electricity generators and six households have no power. Heating. 1,707 households in ZU are connected to the central heating grid. 2,972 households use fire stove, 97 households use electric heater, and 333 households use low pressure stove as a main heating source. Water. 1,477 households in ZU are connected to central hot and cold-water system and 220 households are connected to central cold-water supply system. 3342 households carry water from closest well for household use. Health information. There is only 1 hospital in ZU with 46 patients bed capacity.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annual Report: 2010/2011
    National Infl uenza Center, National Center of Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Mongolia ANNUAL REPORT: 2010/2011 covering the period from September 16, 2010 to September 15, 2011 of the Project “Developing Sustainable Infl uenza Surveillance Network” approved by the Cooperative Agreement between DHHS/CDC, USA and MoH/NCCD/NIC, Mongolia Cooperative Agreement No: IU51IP000331 PAN: B5265G1 B5265G1 Annual Report - 2010/2011 Content List of abbreviations used .......................................................................... 6 Foreword ................................................................................................... 8 One. Background ..................................................................................... 9 1.1. Geography and Climate of Mongolia ............................................... 9 1.2. Political System and Administrative Structure of Mongolia .......... 12 1.3. Demography and Main Health Indicators of Mongolia .................. 12 1.4. Health Service Delivery in Mongolia ............................................. 15 1.5. USA/Mongolia Collaboration in Health Fields .............................. 16 1.6. History of the US/Mongolia Collaboration on Infl uenza Surveillance .................................................................................... 17 Two. Infl uenza surveillance in Mongolia ............................................. 25 2.1. History ............................................................................................ 25 2.2. Current Surveillance
    [Show full text]
  • The Situation Information Bulletin Mongolia: Snowstorm
    Information bulletin Mongolia: Snowstorm Glide number: ST-2019-000046-MNG Date of issue: 14 May 2019 Date of disaster: 10 May 2019 Point of contract: Munguntuya Sharavnyambuu, Disaster Management Programme Manager Categorization of disaster: Yellow Host National Society: Mongolian Red Cross Society (MRCS) Number of people affected: 500 (approximate) N° of other partner organizations involved in the operation: Government agencies (local emergency management, meteorology office, local police) This bulletin is being issued for information only, and reflects the current situation and details available at this time. The Mongolian Red Cross Society (MRCS), with the support of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), is not seeking external assistance at this time, but continues to monitor the evolving situation. The situation Heavy snowfall and violent wind gusts hit southern parts of the country including Khentii, Tuv, Dornogovi, Umnugovi, Bayankhongor, Uvurkhangai, and Govi-Altai provinces between 10 May and 11 May 2019. As stated by NAMEM1, wind speeds fluctuated between 18 and 24 m/s (-17 degrees Celsius wind chill factor2) and reached 28 to 30 m/s (-24 degrees Celsius wind chill factor), in Altai, Tonkhil, and Sharga soums3 of Govi-Altai province, and Jinst soum of Bayankhongor province. Even though early warnings were disseminated Figure 1: Highs of wind speed between 6 May – 13 May. (Map: NAMEM) through media channels, including television and radio, social media by local meteorology offices, and emergency management agencies on 10 May, there were many calls from herders to emergency agencies for losing their livestock in the snowstorm. Most herders had their livestock grazing out in the field as it was tranquil in the morning, and then a sudden change of weather occurred within 30 to 40 minutes, according to the herders.
    [Show full text]
  • Mongolia Tenth Eiti Report 2015
    MONGOLIA EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES TRANSPARENCY INITIATIVE (MEITI) MONGOLIA TENTH EITI REPORT 2015 December 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Reporting indexation ..................................................................................................................... 1.1.1-2 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.2 Independent Administrator's role................................................................................... 4 1.2 Participants ............................................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. 5 2 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Sector overview ...................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 EITI participation
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report: 2007/2008
    Cooperative Agreement Implementation Department of Health and Human Services, USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Ministry of Health, Mongolia National Center of Communicable Diseases ANNUAL REPORT: 2007/2008 covering the period from September 15, 2004 to September 14, 2008 of the Project “Development of Influenza Surveillance Network” approved by the Cooperative Agreement between DHHS/CDC, USA and MoH/NCCD, Mongolia Cooperative Agreement No: U50/CCU024411 PAN: B5265G1 1 B5265G1 Annual Report – 2007/2008 Content List of abbreviations used ...................................................................... 7 Foreword ............................................................................................ 9 One. Background............................................................................10 1.1. Geography and Climate of Mongolia .......................................... 10 1.2. Political System and Administrative Structure of Mongolia ......... 13 1.3. Demography and Main Health Indicators of Mongolia ............... 13 1.4. Health Service Delivery of Mongolia ...........................................15 1.5. USA/Mongolia Collaboration in Health Fields ........................... 16 1.6. History of the US/Mongolia Cooperative Agreement “Development of Influenza Surveillance Network” .....................17 Two. Influenza surveillance in Mongolia ............................................18 2.1. History ........................................................................................18 2.2. Current Surveillance
    [Show full text]
  • Mongolia Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report #59 As of 21 June 2021
    Mongolia Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report #59 As of 21 June 2021 Situation summary in Mongolia ● 17,455 cases and 436 deaths were newly confirmed in the past week. ● 12,118 new cases were confirmed in UB and 5,337 cases were confirmed in 19 provinces of total 21 in the past seven days. ● Two provinces of the country have haven’t reported new cases within the past seven days ● 11,533 close contacts have been identified and 8,451 (73.3%) family, 358 (3.1%) workplaces, 602 (5.2%) relatives, 139 (12%) from friends, 111 (1.0%) from same apartments and ger districts, 13 (0.1%) from same gatherings, 173 (1.5%) from others. There were also 1,686 unlinked close contacts. ● HCWs infection is 1.74% (1593 cases) of all of the reported confirmed cases. 597 (36.4%) of them is community acquired infections. ● Ulaanbaatar city hospital bed occupancy rate is 86.7% (previous week 98.9%), ICU bed occupancy rate is 90.4% (last week 96.1%). ● 145 soums of 18 aimags (provinces) started movement restrictions and/or entry restrictions by the decisions of the local administrative offices. ● 1947 beds deployed in multiple settings. ● Vaccination of pregnant women and children between 16-18 has started in the past week. ● The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) scheduled 23 international flights for July. Epidemic curve of local cases of COVID-19, confirmed date 1 Mongolia Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report #59 As of 21 June 2021 Epi Updates Indicators Total Past week Weekly changes Cases 95,802 17,455 23.0% 553 7 65.0% Imported ⇧ 95,249 17,448 28.7% Local ⇩ ⇧ HCW 4,523 210 73.6% Deaths 436 71 13.4%⇩ Tests 3,143,397 82,326 18.3%⇩ Vaccination 3,605,090 70,595 37.0%⇩ Laboratory positivity rate ⇩ The continued high positivity rates this week 21.2% (16.3% last week).
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Energy for NAMA, Masayoshi Futami, OECC
    Renewable Energy for NAMA OECC Masayoshi Futami Outline - Introduction - Proposal of MRV - Additional technology proposal Outline - Introduction - Proposal of MRV - Additional technology proposal Introduction - NAMA submission (2010) 1-a: PV and Solar heating 1-b: Wind power generators and wind farms Salkhit Wind park (Gobitec and ASG for RE) 1-c: Hydropower plants - Technology Needs Assessment (1) Concentrated Solar Power (Electricity and Heat) (2) Pumped storage hydroelectricity (3) Wind turbines etc - Law of Mongolia on Renewable Energy (1) License for RE provider (2) Stipulation of Feed In Tariff - National Renewable energy program RE share in the total generation to 20-25 percent by 2020 Renewable Energy Cost benefit comparisons of the energy industry subsector technologies for climate change mitigation (TNA 2013) Near renewable term projects (2014-2017) Ministry of Energy Annual electricity Project implementing Grid Project location Capacity Feasibility study generation company HYDRO POWER PLANT Khutag-Undur soum, Bulgan CES province 220 MW 500 mil kWh (Ministry of energy) Yes (Egiin HPP) Tsagaannuur soum, Selenge CES 300 MW 1’100 mil kWh (Ministry of energy) Ongoing province (Shuren HPP) Songinokhairkan district, Pumped storage CES 82 mil kWh “Morit impex”LLC Yes Ulaanbaatar city HPP, 100 MW SOLAR POWER PLANT Sainshand city, Dornogovi CES 30 MW 52 mil kWh “M&P international” LLC Yes province Bayanteeg bag, Nariinteel soum, Hyosung group, CES 8 MW 13 mil kWh Yes Uvurkhangai province South Korea WIND POWER PLANT CES Choir city, Govisumber
    [Show full text]
  • List of Participants
    8th MSP Meeting of the Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock Towards Sustainability, Livestock on the Move 11-15 June 2018, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia LIST OF PARTICIPANTS List of International Participants (8th MSP Meeting GASL, 11-15 June, 2018) № Name Company/organization Email Country 1 Eduardo Arce Diaz GASL SECRETARIAT [email protected] Italy 2 Shirley Tarawali ILRI [email protected] Kenya 3 Fritz Schneider Chair of GASL [email protected] Switzerland 4 Felicitas Schneider-Froebel Spouse of Chair [email protected] Switzerland 5 Pablo Luis Peri INTA-UNPA-CONICET [email protected] Argentina 6 Lionel Launois French Ministry of Agriculture [email protected] France 7 Ricky Gurley US Agency for International Development [email protected] Mongolia 8 Ernesto Reyes IFCN- Dairy Network [email protected] Spain 9 Yirgalem Gebremeskel Kahessu USAID/ETHIOPIA [email protected] Ethiopia 10 Nancy Bourgeois Lüthi Bern University of Applied Sciences [email protected] Switzerland 11 Hendrik Jan Ormel FAO [email protected] Italy 12 Marta Patricia Jimenez Spouse of Eduardo Arce Diaz Barrantes [email protected] Italy 13 Fagouri Said WAMIP [email protected] Morocco 14 Brian Lindsay Dairy Sustainability Framework [email protected] United g Kingdom 15 Abdirashid Ali Ministry of livestock& fisheries [email protected] Somaliland 16 Jean-Jacques Soula OIE - World Organisation for Animal Health [email protected] Italy 17 Ulf Magnusson Swedish University of Agricultural
    [Show full text]
  • Viral and Bacterial Diseases in Livestock in Mongolia
    Title Viral and bacterial diseases in livestock in Mongolia Author(s) ODONTSETSEG, Namsraijav; MWEENE, Aaron S.; KIDA, Hiroshi Citation Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 52(4), 151-162 Issue Date 2005-02 DOI 10.14943/jjvr.52.4.151 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/874 Type bulletin (article) File Information 151-162.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Jpn. J. Vet. Res. ５２（４）：１５１‐１６２，２００５ REVIEW ARTICLE Viral and bacterial diseases in livestock in Mongolia Namsraijav ODONTSETSEG, Aaron S. MWEENE and Hiroshi KIDA* （Accepted for publication : January５，２００５） Abstract This review focuses on the status of infectious diseases that are serious for animal health and have adverse economic effects in Mongolia. Data pre- sented here are limited due to the lack of published or other easily available documents. Foot-and-mouth disease continues to cause substantial economic losses as exemplified by the outbreak of infection with serotype O PanAsia lineage virus. In the case of the２００１outbreak, a６５％ reduction in export reve- nues was recorded. In order to ascertain the free status of Mongolia from rinderpest, sero-epidemiological surveillance has been carried out since２００１． In ２００４，Mongolia was certified free from rinderpest by Office Interna- tional des Epizooties（OIE）．Asharprise in both animal and human brucello- sis incidence has become a serious problem. Rabies and anthrax remain en- demic with occasional human cases. Other prevailing infectious diseases are contagious pustular dermatitis, contagious agalactia, enterotoxemia and pas- teurellosis. The current programs for the control of infectious diseases in live- stock in Mongolia lack a definite policy that would enable rapid implementa- tion.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineral Industry of Mongolia in 2015
    2015 Minerals Yearbook MONGOLIA [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. Department of the Interior November 2018 U.S. Geological Survey The Mineral Industry of Mongolia By Meralis Plaza-Toledo Mongolia, a country located in northeast Asia, is bordered Production on the north by Russia and on the south by China. Historically, Mongolia’s economy relied on herding and agriculture, but in In 2015, production of molybdenum (mine output) increased recent times, it has become increasingly reliant on the mining by 28%; gold (mine output), by 27%; copper, by 25%; and sector. In 2015, Mongolia accounted for 3% of the world’s crude petroleum, by 18%. Production of fluorspar decreased by fluorspar production. In addition, the country has extensive 38%, and that of crude steel, by 32%, owing to lower demand deposits of coal, copper, gold, petroleum, and uranium. As of (table 1; Industrials Minerals, 2015; National Statistical Office 2015, the Government was actively taking action to increase of Mongolia, 2016). foreign direct investment (FDI) to stabilize the economy Structure of the Mineral Industry (Mungunzul and Chang, 2016, p. 1; McRae, 2017; World Bank, The, 2017). Table 2 lists Mongolia’s major mineral industry facilities. Most of the producing mining companies in Mongolia were Minerals in the National Economy owned by the state or by joint ventures between international In 2015, the mineral industry in Mongolia contributed companies and the Government of Mongolia, although a few approximately 20% to the country’s gross domestic product companies were wholly owned by foreign investors. (GDP). The mining sector accounted for 78.8% of total exports, Mineral Trade of which coal, copper concentrate, iron ore and concentrate, and crude petroleum constituted about 74% of total exports and 85% In 2015, trade between Mongolia and Russia decreased by of mineral commodity exports.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Technical Summary (NTS) for Photovoltaic Power Plant Sainshand, Mongolia
    Non-Technical Summary (NTS) For Photovoltaic Power Plant Sainshand, Mongolia 04/08/2016 By Desert Solar Power One LLC 1 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION………………………………….…………………….2 1.1 Project Introduction…………………………………….………………………....2 1.2 Project Location……………………………………..……………………...……..2 1.3 Project Components……………………………………………………………….4 1.4 Transport and Accessibility………………………………………………....…….5 1.5 Project Phases……………………………………………………………….....….6 CHAPTER 2 PROJECT BACKGROUND………………….………………….……...7 2.1 Project Rationale………………………………...…………………………...……7 2.2 Project Alternatives……………………………….…………………………...…..7 2.3 Project Development Process and current Status……………………...…………..8 2.4 ESIA and Strategic Assessment Process……………………………………….….9 2.5 Public Consultations and Disclosure…………………………………………….10 2.6 Current Environmental and Social Situation and Consideration……………..….11 CHAPTER 3 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND BENEFITS………………………………………………………………………..12 3.1 Introduction………………………………………………………...…………….12 3.2 Summary of Environmental and Social Benefits, Potential Adverse Impacts, Mitigation and Management Measures…………………………………………………..13 CHAPTER 4 FURTHER INFORMATION AND CONTACT DETAILS………………………………………………………………….……….……18 4.1 Contact Details and further information…………………………......…………..18 4.2 How to address any issue………………………………………………………...18 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Based on the findings of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) study conducted on the 30 MW Solar Power Plant being developed in Sainshand, Mongolia (hereinafter
    [Show full text]
  • Rural Electrification & Renewable Energy Utilization in Mongolia
    December 2005 Rural electrification & Renewable Energy utilization in Mongolia Rural Electrification & Renewable Energy Utilization in Mongolia Introduction The Government of Mongolia has identified rural development and rural living standards as having a high priority and acknowledged the drawbacks played by a lack of rural electricity access. Background Energy access in rural areas of Mongolia is minimal and delivered services leave much room for improvement. Of the 314 Soum centers, 55% operate diesel generators to satisfy minimal electricity needs: about half do not operate during the summer, continuous operation is carried out by only 13% of the Soum centers during summer and only 34% of the centers during the winter. The remainder operate only at about 2-4 hours per day during the winter. Soum centers are sparsely populated during the summer when herders move to pasture lands, but provide essential services (such as health and education) during the winter when many herders temporarily settle to survive the cold. The systems are owned and operated by the Soum governments and are not financially or operationally sustainable. The main problems are the inability to generate revenues needed to purchase diesel for plant operation and poor institutional capability of operating Soum utilities. The herders have no possibility of getting electricity service other than by an individual supply source. Under such conditions, cost recovery and maintenance of investments in conventional electricity supply infrastructure have proven to be difficult and alternative delivery mechanisms need to be looked at. It is expected that a combination of institutional reforms, establishing public-private partnerships, and the expanded use of renewable energy will greatly improve living conditions of the rural population as well as improve the delivery of rural services.
    [Show full text]
  • Mongolia: Urban Development Sector
    Evaluation Study Rapid Sector Assessment October 2008 Mongolia: Urban Development Sector Operations Evaluation Department ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank CAPE – country assistance program evaluation CDM – Clean Development Mechanism CEA – country environment assessment CSP – country strategy and program DCSC – district construction and service company DHC – District Heating Company EIRR – economic internal rate of return EOCC – economic opportunity cost of capital FSU – former Soviet Union GDP – gross domestic product GEF – Global Environment Facility JFPR – Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction JICA – Japan International Cooperation Agency MCUD – Ministry of Construction and Urban Development MDG – Millennium Development Goal MFE – Ministry of Fuel and Energy MNE – Ministry of Nature and Environment MOH – Ministry of Health MRTT – Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Tourism NOx – nitrogen oxides O&M – operation and maintenance OED – Operations Evaluation Department OEM – operations evaluation mission PM – particular matter PRC – People’s Republic of China PUSO – public urban services organization RRP – report and recommendation of the president RSA – rapid sector assessment SOx – sulfur oxides SPIA – State Professional Inspection Agency TA – technical assistance UNDP – United Nations Development Programme WHO – World Health Organization NOTE In this report, “$” refers to US dollars. Key Words adb, asian development bank, development effectiveness, district heating, infrastructure, mongolia, performance evaluation, sanitation, urban development, urban environment, urban infrastructure, water supply ii Director R.B. Adhikari, Operations Evaluation Division 2, Operations Evaluation Department Team Leader M. Gatti, Senior Evaluation Specialist, Operations Evaluation Division 2, Operations Evaluation Department Team Members V. Buhat-Ramos, Senior Evaluation Officer, Operations Evaluation Division 2, Operations Evaluation Department F. De Guzman, Senior Evaluation Officer, Operations Evaluation Division 2, Operations Evaluation Department I.
    [Show full text]