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Organised Phonology Data Organised Phonology Data Kiriwina [Kavataria dialect] (Kilivila) Language [KIJ] Milne Bay Province Oceanic; Papuan Tip Cluster; Peripheral Papuan Tip; Kilivila Chain Population census: 5000 (15000 all language) Major villages: Islands: Kiriwina, Kuia, Munuwata, Simsim, Kaileuna Linguistic work done by: UC, G.Senft, Ralph Lawton etc. Data checked by: Phonemic and Orthographic Inventory a b b d e i k k l m m n o p p s t a b bw d e g gw i k kw l m mw n o p pw r s t A B Bw D E G Gw I K Kw L M Mw N O P Pw R S T u w j u v w y U V W Y Consonants Bilab LabDen Dental Alveo Postalv Retro Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn Glottal Plosive p b t d k Nasal m n Trill Tap/Flap Fricative s Lateral Fricative Approx j Lateral l Approx Ejective Stop Implos /w/ voiced labial-velar approximant /p/ voiceless labialised bilabial plosive /b / voiced labialised bilabial plosive /m/ voiced labialised bilabial nasal /k/ voiceless labialised velar plosive // voiced labialised velar plosive Kiriwina [Kavataria dialect] (Kilivili) OPDPrinted: August 25, 2004 Page 2 rigariga 'plant sp.' p paka 'feast' r popu 'excrement' karaga 'parrot spec.' - - mpana 'that (piece)' kampaya 'umpire' n natu 'tree sp.' momona 'semen' p pwaka 'lime' - mapwana 'that (filth)' mnumonu 'grass' - kamnomwana 'to boast' latula 'his offspring' b bala 'I will go' l bobu 'cut' momola 'fat' - - ambaisa 'where?' mlopu 'cave' sala 'his friends' b bwala 'house' s kwaibwaga 'wind from west, west' pasa 'swamp' - - mbwailila 'his loved item' mseu 'smoke' simsimwai 'sweet potato' m masawa 'canoe' tamagu 'my father' k kala 'his food' tam 'a sprout, to sprout' avaka 'what?' mtumwatu 'shaggy' - kumkumla 'earth oven' mkiuta 'fish sp.' tommoya 'old men' imomkoli 'he tasted (it)' kwau 'shark' m mwasawa 'fun, game' k tamamwa 'your (pl) father' kaukwau 'morning' - - mmwagawa 'loose (tooth)' pamkwena 'pumpkin' gadi 'bite' v vala 'handle' uligova 'crocodile' bogi 'night' - kamgagi 'to neglect' w wala 'only' masawa 'canoe' - gwadi 'child' mwo 'island name' inagwa 'my mothers' - t tau 'man' bwita 'octobus' j yoyu 'doorway' - yuviyavi 'hot' mtomota 'dumb' - imtu 'he rubs it' momyeipu 'papaya' d dau 'call, shout' kadaula 'main road' - mdowali 'house fly' dumdabogi 'early dawn' Kiriwina [Kavataria dialect] (Kilivili) OPDPrinted: August 25, 2004 Page 3 Vowels i u a i inagwa 'my mother' i eimati 'almost' migileu 'clean' keiwala 'decide' mi 'your (pl)' peim 'for you' ikium 'he did secretly' gei 'forked stick' Bwaina 'man's name' keiuna 'snake' e 'yes, and so' u - kewala 'its journey' peula 'strong, be strong' pem 'lameness' migileu 'clean' meiku 'it has been shaking' mtuetuwa 'orament' aiseki 'who knows!' ai availa 'who?' a avaka 'what, which?' gai 'a timber' dakuna 'stone ibiaigu 'he pulled me' tomata 'corpse' wai 'centipede' kaukwau 'dog' kulia 'cooking pot' au iyakaula 'he praised' tau 'man' u uri 'taro' bubunela 'his manners' iwoiki 'he takes it so' gayasu 'greens' i uula 'reason, root' taloi 'farewell' kaula 'we sit surrounding' ipoiaisi 'they impale it' woula 'the body; oluvi 'afterwards' u wola 'god advise' tou 'sugarcane' mwo 'island name' ivitouula 'it began' toikieki 'thin person' laodila 'jungle' /i/ /u/ /ai/ /au/ /i/ /u/ Suprasegmentals (tone, stress, length) Stress is manifested by a lengthening of the stressed syllable. Pitch does not show any significant correlation with stress, since it is functioning at higher level. Regular stress is on the penultimate syllable of the phonological word. About 95 percent of words follow this as the regular pattern. When a phonological word has as its final syllable either a CVm syllable or a syllable with a diphthongal nucleus, then stress for that word is on the final syllable. Same kind of syllables also draw the stress to the antepenultimate syllable. Only part of the cases of antepenultimate stress are phonologically conditioned. There are many examples of minimal pairs manifesting stress as their one contrasting feature, suggesting that stress has phonemic status. Kiriwina [Kavataria dialect] (Kilivili) OPDPrinted: August 25, 2004 Page 4 'lamila 'outrigger log' la'mila 'I have become' 'migila 'the face' mi'gila 'his face' The conditioning factor in these cases is the presence or absence of morphemic boundaries within the last three syllables of words having the specified phonetic shape. Where there is no boundary the stress placement is antepenultimate. If any of these words with antepenultimate stress have a morpheme suffixed, then stress placement is in accordance with some other stress rule. Under the condition of emphasis any word bearing stress on the final or penultimate syllable may have the stress placement moved back one syllable. Syllable Patterns V i.va.gi 'he did (it)' a.u.laim 'I open (it)' ma.u.u.la 'for this reason' ku.li.a 'cooking pot' ei.yam 'dawn' i.bi.ai.gu 'he pulled me' tau.au 'hey, men!' Vm am.bai.sa 'where?' i.ki.um 'he did it secretly' i.dou.aim 'he called you' CV va.la 'handle' ve.a.la 'his parents' ki.li.li 'cricket' pwa.ka 'lime' vau.la 'plant others' kei.u.na 'snake' ma.tau.na 'that (man)' ta.loi 'farewell' CVm dum.da.bo.gi 'early dawn' i.mom.ko.li 'he tasted it' m.wam 'conical bundle' i.ka.tu.poi.aim.si 'they asked you (pl)' a.u.laim 'I open (it)' m m.seu 'smoke' i.m.tu 'he rubs it' bi.ka.na.m 'it will lie there' Conventions: Phonological /k/ is pronounced backed [k] or [x] in free fluctuation receding //. It is pronounced [k] or [x] in free fluctuation elsewhere. // fluctuates with l mostly preceding [i]. /l/ fluctuates with n and r, but no phonetic reason for it has been found. In the cases of l-n fluctuation, the younger generation preferred the n forms, while the old people consistently used the l forms. Also, with l-r fluctuation there is same kind of tendency. There is no fluctuation between n and r. /m/ can be syllabic. /a/ is voiced mid central [] in word final positions, voiced low open central [a] in syllables carrying stress, and low close central [] elsewhere. Conventions: Orthographic < h > occurs in loanwords, hors 'horse'. Transcription of a recorded passage < Ka, yuvisala golli minana nakakau. Malasi lagaila kala vigimkovila yakidasi goli gala bitapakasi kakau. E bogwa takausa takalubaila. Yaegu Pulitala yamala. Kugibataulasi biwokuva olisala dabu agumwaguta bagibataula. Pulitala yamala lakau. Gala bukudokaisi oluwala baisa tuta bagibataula - gala. Nakankau deli veyala bilisasi dabu, makwaina yam bagibataula yaegula Pulitala kala.> 'Note that we have indeed conducted this widow's distribution marking the end of her mourning period. Today the responsibility of Malasi clan finishes; now we have no more widow's sharing to do. We have now taken our due and are on good terms. When you answer the skirt distribution with a feast, I will personally respond, for I Kiriwina [Kavataria dialect] (Kilivili) OPDPrinted: August 25, 2004 Page 5 have Pulitala's gift. Don't think that I will give my feast-answer right now - no. When the widow and her family have their skirt distribution, then I myself will respond and bring food for Pulitala.' Bibliography Senft, Gunter. 1986. 'Kilivila, the language of the Trobriand islanders.' ___. 1983. The System of Classificatory Particles in Kilivila Reconsidered. Paper presented at the "Annual Meeting of the Linguistics Society of Papua New Guinea" Noel, John. 1975. 'Comparison of some idioms in Kiriwina and English.' Workpapers in Papua new Guinea Languages Vol 12. Heeschen and Schiefenhövel. 1982. 'Descriptive analysis of the "biga-galavala" variety of Kilivila language.' Cochran, Anne. 1978. 'A comparative study of Milne Bay Phonology.' In Second international conference on Austronesian linguistics, edited by S.A. Wurm. Pacific Linguistics C 61. Lawton, Ralph. 1993. Topics in the description of Kiriwina. Pacific Linguistics Series D-84. .
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