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Pamięć I Sprawiedliwość
PAMIĘĆ I SPRAWIEDLIWOŚĆ PAMIĘĆ I SPRAWIEDLIWOŚĆ 2 (13) 2008 Warszawa RADA PROGRAMOWA: prof. dr hab. Jerzy W. Borejsza, prof. dr hab. Czesław Brzoza, prof. dr hab. Jan Draus, prof. dr hab. Jerzy Eisler, dr hab. Andrzej Friszke, dr Janusz Gmitruk, dr Andrzej Grajewski, dr Franciszek Gryciuk, prof. dr hab. Cezary Kuklo, prof. dr hab. Witold Kulesza, dr hab. Janusz Kurtyka, prof. dr hab. Grzegorz Mazur, dr Zbigniew Nawrocki, prof. dr hab. Andrzej Paczkowski, dr Sławomir Radoń, prof. dr hab. Wojciech Roszkowski, prof. dr hab. Włodzimierz Suleja, prof. dr hab. Tomasz Szarota, prof. dr hab. Ryszard Terlecki, Jędrzej Tucholski, prof. dr hab. Janusz Wrona, prof. dr hab. Wojciech Wrzesiński REDAKCJA: dr Władysław Bułhak, dr hab. Antoni Dudek, dr Łukasz Kamiński, dr hab. Paweł Machcewicz, dr Sławomir Poleszak (sekretarz redakcji), dr Rafał Wnuk (redaktor naczelny), dr hab. Zdzisław Zblewski, dr hab. Jan Żaryn Projekt graficzny: Krzysztof Findziński Opracowanie redakcyjne: Dorota Mazek, Małgorzata Strasz Redakcja techniczna: Andrzej Broniak Korekta: Magdalena Baj Tłumaczenie streszczeń na język angielski: Joanna Rohozińska-Michalska Skład i łamanie: Wojciech Czaplicki Druk i oprawa: 2 K s.c. Kaniorski Dariusz, Kwiatkowski Adam ul. Płocka 35/43, 93-134 Łódź © Copyright by Instytut Pamięci Narodowej Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu ISSN 1427-7476 Biuro Edukacji Publicznej Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej 00-869 Warszawa, ul. Towarowa 28, tel. (0-22) 431 83 83, 431 83 86 faks (0-22) 431 83 80, e-mail: [email protected], www.ipn.gov.pl PAMIĘĆ I SPRAWIEDLIWOŚĆ 2 (13) 2008 SPIS TREŚCI Od Redakcji . 9 I. Dyskusja Czy Polska rosła w siłę i ludzie żyli dostatniej? . -
Sapere Auso (To One Who Dared to Be Wise) on the Fifth Anniversary of the Death of Krzysztof Skubiszewski
XXXIV POLISH YEARbook of intERnational law DOI 10.7420/pyil2014b 2014 PL ISSN 0554-498X Jerzy Kranz* SAPERE AUSO (TO ONE whO darED TO BE wiSE) ON THE FIFTH ANNivERSarY OF THE DEATH OF KrzYSZTOF SkUbiSZEWSki When Krzysztof Skubiszewski passed away five years ago, on 8 February 2010, Poland bid farewell to both a modest man and a great statesman and academic, to a Pole and a European, an eminent theoretician and a skilled practitioner of international law, who was also the firstM inister of Foreign Affairs of newly-independent Poland and later President of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal in The Hague. The aim of this contribution is to outline the Foreign Minister’s most important accomplishments in order to better introduce him to the reader as well as to share a handful of personal reminiscences.1 An analysis of his scholarly work would warrant separate coverage, so in this memorial I only briefly mention its key directions. I have chosen instead to often cite the Foreign Minister from various sources, especially the collection of his speeches, statements and interviews from 1997.2 Nothing during Minister Skubiszewski’s groundbreaking time in office (12 pSe tem- ber 1989 – 25 October 1993) fell from the sky. And although many of his innovations in his foreign policy work appear obvious from today’s perspective, it is worth remembering that there were no clear precedents for his work at that time. At the turn of the 1990s his job demanded wisdom, strength of character and careful diplomacy. And Krzysztof Skubiszewski was the right man in the right place at the right time – an exquisitely edu- cated man of principle who was not afraid to stand by his beliefs and pursue his vision. -
Bibliography
Bibliography I. Primary Sources A. Manuscript Collections and Government Archives Foreign Affairs Oral History Program (FAOHP), Georgetown University Washington, D.C. (copies also deposited at George C. Marshall Library) Everett Bellows (February 1989) David S. Brown (March 1989) Vincent V. Checchi (July 1990) Lincoln Gordon (January 1988) John J. Grady (August 1989) William Parks (November 1988) Melbourne Spector (December 1988) Joseph Toner (October 1989) Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. W. Averell Harriman Papers George C. Marshall Library, Lexington, Virginia Dowsley Clark Collection European Recovery Plan Commemoratives Collection William C. Foster Papers George C. Marshall Papers Marshall Plan Photograph Collection Forrest Pogue Interviews (Paul Hoffman and John McCloy) Harry B. Price Interviews (conducted 1952–54) ECA and OEEC Leland Barrows Richard M. Bissell Samuel Board Harlan Cleveland H. Van B. Cleveland John O. Coppock Glenn Craig D. A. Fitzgerald William C. Foster Theodore Geiger Lincoln Gordon W. Averell Harriman Carroll Hinman Paul Hoffman E. N. Holmgren John Lindeman Shaw Livermore Robert Marjolin Orbun V. Powell MacDonald Salter Melbourne Spector Harold Stein Donald C. Stone Allan Swim Samuel Van Hyning Greece (Americans) Michael H. B. Adler Leland Barrows Dowsley Clark John O. Coppock Helene Granby Joseph F. Heath Robert Hirschberg Paul A. Jenkins Brice M. Mace Lawrence B. Myers Walter E. Packard Paul R. Porter 163 Bibliography Greece (Americans—continued) Alan D. Strachan Edward A. Tenenbaum John O. Walker Greece (Greeks) Costa Hadjiagyras Constantin D. Tsatsos Italy (Americans) Vincent M. Barnett William E. Corfitzen Henry J. Costanzo Bartlett Harvey Thomas A. Lane Dominic J. Marcello Walter C. McAdoo Guido Nadzo Chauncey Parker Donald Simmons James Toughill Italy (Italians) Giovanni Malagodi Donato Menichella Ernesto Rossi Turkey (Americans) Clifton H. -
Na Ścieżkach Mazowieckiej I Podlaskiej Krainy
KKsięgasięga ppamiątkowaamiątkowa AArkadiuszarkadiusza JJerzegoerzego KKołodziejczykaołodziejczyka ttoo ppublikacja,ublikacja, kktórejtórej ppatronująatronują MMuzeumuzeum NNiepodległościiepodległości i MMuzeumuzeum HHistoriiistorii PPolskiegoolskiego RRuchuuchu LLudowego.udowego. Z tymitymi właśniewłaśnie iinstytucjaminstytucjami ProfesorProfesor utrzymywałutrzymywał emocjonalne,emocjonalne, towarzyskietowarzyskie i na-na- uukowekowe kkontakty.ontakty. WWydawnictwoydawnictwo toto nasznasz lludowyudowy i kkoleżeńskioleżeński ppomnik,omnik, któryktóry stawiamystawiamy z nnajtrwalszegoajtrwalszego mmateriałuateriału nnaszejaszej ppamięci.amięci. ((...)...) KKsięgasięga ppamiątkowaamiątkowa mmaa sszczególnyzczególny wwymiarymiar Na ścieżkach mazowieckiej hhumanistyczny,umanistyczny, jjestest wwyrazemyrazem ppamięci,amięci, zzamyśleniaamyślenia nnadad pprzeszłościąrzeszłością i zatrzymaniazatrzymania jejjej w cczasiezasie nnaa kkartachartach kksiążki.siążki. i podlaskiej krainy JJeżelieżeli wwydawcyydawcy i autorzyautorzy pprzyczynilirzyczynili sięsię dodo utrwaleniautrwalenia pamięcipamięci o dokonaniachdokonaniach Ar-Ar- kkadiuszaadiusza JerzegoJerzego KKołodziejczykaołodziejczyka toto znaczy,znaczy, żeże kksięgasięga pamiątkowapamiątkowa wpisaławpisała sięsię w naszenasze wwspólnespólne zzamierzenia.amierzenia. ((fragmentfragment PPrzedmowyrzedmowy ddr.r. JJanuszaanusza GGmitrukamitruka) Księga poświęcona pamięci Profesora Arkadiusza Kołodziejczyka Na ścieżkach mazowieckiej i podlaskiej krainy IISBNSBN 9978-83-7901-048-678-83-7901-048-6 -
British Clandestine Activities in Romania During the Second World
British Clandestine Activities in Romania during the Second World War This page intentionally left blank British Clandestine Activities in Romania during the Second World War Dennis Deletant Visiting ‘Ion Ra¸tiu’ Professor of Romanian Studies, Georgetown University, USA © Dennis Deletant 2016 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2016 978–1–137–57451–0 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2016 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. -
Political Visions and Historical Scores
Founded in 1944, the Institute for Western Affairs is an interdis- Political visions ciplinary research centre carrying out research in history, political and historical scores science, sociology, and economics. The Institute’s projects are typi- cally related to German studies and international relations, focusing Political transformations on Polish-German and European issues and transatlantic relations. in the European Union by 2025 The Institute’s history and achievements make it one of the most German response to reform important Polish research institution well-known internationally. in the euro area Since the 1990s, the watchwords of research have been Poland– Ger- many – Europe and the main themes are: Crisis or a search for a new formula • political, social, economic and cultural changes in Germany; for the Humboldtian university • international role of the Federal Republic of Germany; The end of the Great War and Stanisław • past, present, and future of Polish-German relations; Hubert’s concept of postliminum • EU international relations (including transatlantic cooperation); American press reports on anti-Jewish • security policy; incidents in reborn Poland • borderlands: social, political and economic issues. The Institute’s research is both interdisciplinary and multidimension- Anthony J. Drexel Biddle on Poland’s al. Its multidimensionality can be seen in published papers and books situation in 1937-1939 on history, analyses of contemporary events, comparative studies, Memoirs Nasza Podróż (Our Journey) and the use of theoretical models to verify research results. by Ewelina Zaleska On the dispute over the status The Institute houses and participates in international research of the camp in occupied Konstantynów projects, symposia and conferences exploring key European questions and cooperates with many universities and academic research centres. -
II Wojewódzki Konkurs Z Historii Dla Uczniów Szkół Podstawowych Województwa Świętokrzyskiego
II Wojewódzki Konkurs z Historii dla uczniów szkół podstawowych województwa świętokrzyskiego II WOJEWÓDZKI KONKURS Z HISTORII DLA UCZNIÓW SZKÓŁ PODSTAWOWYCH WOJEWÓDZTWA ŚWIĘTOKRZYSKIEGO ETAP III− REJONOWY 31 MARCA 2021 r. Godz. 10:00 Kod pracy ucznia Suma punktów Czas pracy: 90 minut Liczba punktów możliwych do uzyskania: 69 punktów Instrukcja dla ucznia (dotyczy wersji papierowej) 1. W wyznaczonym miejscu arkusza z zadaniami konkursowymi wpisz swój kod. 2. Sprawdź, czy na kolejno ponumerowanych 22 stronach jest wydrukowanych 25 zadań. 3. Ewentualny brak stron lub inne usterki zgłoś Komisji Konkursowej. 4. Czytaj uważnie wszystkie teksty i zadania, oglądaj ilustracje. Wykonuj zadania zgodnie z poleceniami. 5. Rozwiązania zadań zapisuj długopisem lub piórem z czarnym lub niebieskim tuszem/atramentem. 6. Nie używaj korektora. 7. Rozwiązania zadań zamkniętych zaznacz w arkuszu z zadaniami konkursowymi. Wybierz odpowiedź lub odpowiedzi i odpowiadającą/odpowiadające jej/im liter/literę zaznacz w kółku, np.: A 8. Jeśli się pomylisz, błędne zaznaczenie przekreśl krzyżykiem, np.: i zaznacz kółkiem inną wybraną odpowiedź, np.: B 9. Rozwiązania części zadań zapisz czytelnie i starannie w wyznaczonych miejscach w arkuszu z zadaniami konkursowymi. Ewentualne pomyłki przekreślaj. Powodzenia! Etap III – Wojewódzki Strona 1 z 22 II Wojewódzki Konkurs z Historii dla uczniów szkół podstawowych województwa świętokrzyskiego Zadanie 1. (0−4) Poniższe zdjęcie przedstawia scenę z zajęcia Zaolzia przez oddziały polskie w okresie międzywojennym. Opowiedz na poniższe pytania związane z tym wydarzeniem. 1.1 Do zajęcia Zaolzia doszło a) w marcu 1938 roku b) w październiku 1938 roku c) w kwietniu 1939 roku 1.2. Ministrem spraw zagranicznych RP był wówczas a) Wacław Grzybowski b) Walery Sławek c) Józef Beck 1.3. -
The London Gazette, 4 December, 1942 5299
THE LONDON GAZETTE, 4 DECEMBER, 1942 5299 LUXEMBURG I —MEMBERS OF THE GOVERNMENT Prime Minister M Pierre Dupong May 17, 1941 Minister of State and Minister for Foreign Affairs M Joseph Bech Minister of Labour M Pierre Kner Minister of Justice M Victor Bodson Aug 30, 1941 II —OFFICIAL STAFFS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE GOVERNMENT Under the direction of the Minister for Foreign Affairs M Andre1 Clasen M Georges Schommer Aug 30, 1941 THE NETHERLANDS I —MEMBERS OF THE GOVERNMENT Prime Minister and Minister for the Co-ordination of Warfare Professor Pieter Gerbrandy Minister for Foreign Affairs Dr Eelco van Kleffens Minister for Home Affairs and Acting Minister for General Affairs Mr Hendnk van Boeijen Minister of Education, Arts and Science Mr Gemt Bolkestem Minister of Public Works and Acting Minister of Finance Mr Johan Albarda Minister for Commerce, Industry and Shipping, and Acting Minister for Agriculture and Fisheries Mr Piet Kerstens Nov 20, 1941 Minister for Social Affairs Dr Jan van den Tempel Minister for Naval Affairs Lieutenant-Admiral Johannes Furstner Minister of Justice Dr Joannes van Angeren Minister for the Colonies Dr Hubertus van Mook May 25, 1942 Minister for War Jonkheer Otto van Lidth de Jeude Minister without Portfolio Jonkheer E Michiels van Verduynen Dec 29, 1941 Minister without Portfolio Pangeran Ano Soejono June 9, 1942 II —OFFICIAL STAFFS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE GOVERNMENT Under the direction of the Prime Minister Under the direction of the Minister for Naval Affairs Mr Berend Shngenberg Commander Jonkheer Willem Boreel -
Statement by Krzysztof Skubiszewski on Polish Foreign Policy (Warsaw, 26 April 1990)
Statement by Krzysztof Skubiszewski on Polish foreign policy (Warsaw, 26 April 1990) Caption: On 26 April 1990, in Warsaw, in response to the geopolitical upheavals taking place in Central and Eastern Europe, Krzysztof Skubiszewski, Polish Foreign Minister, outlines the main thrust of his country’s foreign policy. Source: Sejm Exposé by Minister for Foreign Affairs of the RP, Krzysztof Skubiszewski, Warsaw, April 26, 1990. [EN LIGNE]. [Warsaw]: Akademia Dyplomatyczna MSZ, [28.03.2006]. Disponible sur http://www.zbiordokumentow.pl/1990/2/2.html. Copyright: (c) Polski Instytut Spraw Miedzynarodowych URL: http://www.cvce.eu/obj/statement_by_krzysztof_skubiszewski_on_polish_foreign_p olicy_warsaw_26_april_1990-en-6a0b3b70-0545-43ce-be95-59e1c0cd825c.html Last updated: 14/10/2015 1/11 Sejm statement by Minister for Foreign Affairs of the RP, Krzysztof Skubiszewski (Warsaw, 26 April 1990) Mr President, Mr Speaker, Esteemed Chamber, I. Internal and External Circumstances Since the first days of its existence the government has been doing everything to restore full independence of the state as without independence there will be neither necessary creative powers in the nation and society nor great effort that Poland expects today from each of us. The foundation of the foreign policy of our state is the national interest and the Polish reason of state implemented with respect for dictates of morality and for the international law. My exposé defines and explains our interests and our reason of state. The government pursues its foreign policy in the circumstances characterized by fast and thorough changes going on in Poland and worldwide. The democratization of the state initiated in 1989, consolidated and extended today, provides a strong foundation for the foreign policy and makes it convergent with the national interest. -
Role of the United States in the Indonesian Independence Movement: 1945-1949
INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of die page in tfie adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. -
“A Licenced Troubleshooter” James Bond As Assassin
“A Licenced Troubleshooter” James Bond as Assassin ROGER PAULY If a pollster were to ask the average person on the street “What does James Bond do?” the response would almost certainly be that he is a spy. his is the most ba! sic defnition of the dashing British literary and "lm hero. But is it accurate? #o Bond$s activities represent spying or something else? %ecent studies have borne fruit by looking at the character of Bond outside of the basic parameters of the “spy” persona. &or example, )atharina *agen +,-./0 analysed Bond as a pirate; while #avid 2egram +,-./0 viewed him through the lens of an extreme athlete. 3f particular interest to this essay is Mathew edesco$s observation5 “6t7here$s no getting around it 8 James Bond is an assassin” +,--9( .,-0. edesco does not e'! plore this point in depth however( since his study is primarily devoted to the moral ethics of killing and torture. &urthermore, his characterisation of James Bond as an assassin is a decided anomaly in Bond scholarship and the spy classi! "cation remains predominant. &or example, Liisa &unnell and )laus #odds refer to Bond as a “British super spy” in a recent work +,-.;( ,.<0. his article will de! velop more fully edesco$s brief identi"cation by directly exploring the historical roots of Bond as an assassin. argeting key individuals for murder is an ancient and well-established el! ement of political and military history( and the Second World War was no e'cep! tion. In his capacity as an intelligence ofcer( Ian &leming had knowledge of ?l! Roger Pauly is /n Asso0i/*e Pro1essor o1 2is*or3 /* *he Uni5ersi*3 o1 ,en*r/l Ar6/ns/s% 2e is mos*ly 6nown 1or his 7or6 on *he his*or3 o1 1ire/rms bu* 4/s /lso wri**en on su('ec*s /s di5erse /s 8/r0us G/r5e39 8/u 8/u9 /n+ Mi- ami Vice% Volume 4 · Issue 1 · Spring 2021 ISSN 2514 21!" DOI$ 10%24"!!&'bs%)" Dis*ribu*ed under ,, -Y 4%0 U. -
The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover.