JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Volume 80 April 2006 No. 8

SPOTLIGHT

Articles of Significant Interest Selected from This Issue by 3693 the Editors

STRUCTURE AND ASSEMBLY

Role of Residues 121 to 124 of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus John H. Connor, Margie O. 3701–3711 Matrix Protein in Virus Assembly and Virus-Host McKenzie, and Douglas S. Lyles Interaction Functional Mapping of the Nucleoprotein of Ebola Virus Shinji Watanabe, Takeshi Noda, and 3743–3751 Yoshihiro Kawaoka Vpu and Tsg101 Regulate Intracellular Targeting of the Kirsi Harila, Ian Prior, Mathilda 3765–3772 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Core Protein Sjo¨berg, Antti Salminen, Jorma Precursor Pr55gag Hinkula, and Maarit Suomalainen Influence of N-Linked Glycosylation of Porcine Reproductive Israrul H. Ansari, Byungjoon Kwon, 3994–4004 and Respiratory Syndrome Virus GP5 on Virus Infectivity, Fernando A. Osorio, and Asit K. Antigenicity, and Ability To Induce Neutralizing Antibodies Pattnaik Hepatitis B Virus Particle Formation in the Absence of Wiebke Schormann, Anke Kraft, 4187–4190 Pregenomic RNA and Reverse Transcriptase Dirk Ponsel, and Volker Bruss

GENOME REPLICATION AND REGULATION OF VIRAL GENE EXPRESSION

Induction of G2 Arrest and Binding to Cyclophilin A Are Orly Ardon, Erik S. Zimmerman, 3694–3700 Independent Phenotypes of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Joshua L. Andersen, Jason L. Type 1 Vpr DeHart, Jana Blackett, and Vicente Planelles Evidence for a Functional Link between Uncoating of the David J. Dismuke and Christopher 3712–3720 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Core and Nuclear Aiken Import of the Viral Preintegration Complex Cap-Independent Translation Mechanism of Red Clover Hiroyuki Mizumoto, Hiro-oki 3781–3791 Necrotic Mosaic Virus RNA2 Differs from That of RNA1 and Iwakawa, Masanori Kaido, Kazuyuki Is Linked to RNA Replication Mise, and Tetsuro Okuno Identification of Functional Domains in Herpes Simplex Wei Li, Tanja J. Minova-Foster, 3792–3800 Virus 2 Glycoprotein B Daniel D. Norton, and Martin I. Muggeridge Characterization of Functional Domains of Equine Jae-Hyung Lee, Sean C. Murphy, 3844–3852 Infectious Anemia Virus Rev Suggests a Bipartite Michael Belshan, Wendy O. Sparks, RNA-Binding Domain Yvonne Wannemuehler, Sijun Liu, Thomas J. Hope, Drena Dobbs, and Susan Carpenter Inhibition of Cellular DNA Synthesis by the Human Dustin T. Petrik, Kimberly P. 3872–3883 Cytomegalovirus IE86 Protein Is Necessary for Efficient Schmitt, and Mark F. Stinski Virus Replication Phosphorylation Mutants of JC Virus Agnoprotein Are Ilker K. Sariyer, Ilhan Akan, 3893–3903 Unable To Sustain the Viral Infection Cycle Victoria Palermo, Jennifer Gordon, Kamel Khalili, and Mahmut Safak Analysis of Rubella Virus Capsid Protein-Mediated Wen-Pin Tzeng, Jason D. Matthews, 3966–3974 Enhancement of Replicon Replication and Mutant Rescue and Teryl K. Frey

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Functional Analysis of the Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Regina M. Kofler, Verena M. 4099–4113 Cyclization Elements Indicates Major Differences between Hoenninger, Caroline Thurner, Mosquito-Borne and Tick-Borne Flaviviruses and Christian W. Mandl Formation of nsP3-Specific Protein Complexes during Elena Frolova, Rodion Gorchakov, 4122–4134 Sindbis Virus Replication Natalia Garmashova, Svetlana Atasheva, Leoncio A. Vergara, and Ilya Frolov Characterization of a Torovirus Main Proteinase Saskia L. Smits, Eric J. Snijder, 4157–4167 and Raoul J. de Groot Expression of Baculovirus Late and Very Late Genes Dagmar Knebel-Mo¨rsdorf, Ilja 4168–4173 Depends on LEF-4, a Component of the Viral RNA Quadt, Yi Li, Laura Montier, Polymerase Whose Guanyltransferase Function Is Essential and Linda A. Guarino

GENETIC DIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION

The Ribosomal Shunt Translation Strategy of Cauliflower Monir Shababi, June Bourque, 3811–3822 Mosaic Virus Has Evolved from Ancient Long Terminal Karuppaiah Palanichelvam, Anthony Repeats Cole, Dong Xu, Xiu-Feng Wan, and James Schoelz Adaptive Evolution and Antiviral Activity of the Conserved Molly OhAinle, Julie A. Kerns, 3853–3862 Mammalian Cytidine Deaminase APOBEC3H Harmit S. Malik, and Michael Emerman Genomic Sequence of Rhesus Cytomegalovirus 180.92: Pierre Rivailler, Amitinder Kaur, 4179–4182 Insights into the Coding Potential of Rhesus R. Paul Johnson, and Fred Wang Cytomegalovirus Hepatitis C Virus Protease Gene Diversity in Patients Mark A. Winters, Seth L. Welles, 4196–4199 Coinfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Mark Holodniy

VIRUS-CELL INTERACTIONS

US3 and US3.5 Protein Kinases of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Alice P. W. Poon, Luca Benetti, 3752–3764 Differ with Respect to Their Functions in Blocking and Bernard Roizman Apoptosis and in Virion Maturation and Egress Stable Association of Herpes Simplex Virus with Target J. Charles Whitbeck, Yi Zuo, 3773–3780 Membranes Is Triggered by Low pH in the Presence of the Richard S. B. Milne, Gary H. gD Receptor, HVEM Cohen, and Roselyn J. Eisenberg Evidence that the Human Cytomegalovirus IE2-86 Protein Zhigang Zhang, David L. Evers, 3833–3843 Binds mdm2 and Facilitates mdm2 Degradation Joseph F. McCarville, Jean- Christophe Dantonel, Shu-Mei Huong, and Eng-Shang Huang Inactivating a Cellular Intrinsic Immune Defense Mediated Ryan T. Saffert and Robert F. 3863–3871 by Daxx Is the Mechanism through Which the Human Kalejta Cytomegalovirus pp71 Protein Stimulates Viral Immediate- Early Gene Expression White Spot Syndrome Virus Open Reading Frame 222 Fang He, Beau J. Fenner, Andrew 3884–3892 Encodes a Viral E3 Ligase and Mediates Degradation K. Godwin, and Jimmy Kwang of a Host Tumor Suppressor via Ubiquitination Function of Bovine CD46 as a Cellular Receptor for Bovine Thomas Krey, Anke Himmelreich, 3912–3922 Viral Diarrhea Virus Is Determined by Complement Control Manuela Heimann, Christian Protein 1 Menge, Heinz-Ju¨rgen Thiel, Karin Maurer, and Till Ru¨menapf Dissecting Rotavirus Particle-Raft Interaction with Small Mariela A. Cuadras, Bruno B. 3935–3946 Interfering RNAs: Insights into Rotavirus Transit through Bordier, Jose L. Zambrano, Juan E. the Secretory Pathway Ludert, and Harry B. Greenberg Rotavirus Spike Protein VP4 Binds to and Remodels Actin Agne`s Gardet, Michelyne Breton, 3947–3956 Bundles of the Epithelial Brush Border into Actin Bodies Philippe Fontanges, Germain Trugnan, and Serge Chwetzoff

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The Products of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Joseph S. Orlando, Todd L. Astor, 4005–4016

Immediate-Early US1/US1.5 Genes Downregulate Levels Scott A. Rundle, and Priscilla A. of S-Phase-Specific Cyclins and Facilitate Virus Replication Schaffer in S-Phase Vero Cells Trim-Cyclophilin A Fusion Proteins Can Restrict Human Melvyn W. Yap, Mark P. Dodding, 4061–4067 Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection at Two Distinct and Jonathan P. Stoye Phases in the Viral Life Cycle Dissecting the Regions of Virion-Associated Kaposi’s O. B. Spiller, L. Mark, C. E. Blue, 4068–4078 Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Complement Control D. G. Proctor, J. A. Aitken, A. M. Protein Required for Complement Regulation and Cell Blom, and D. J. Blackbourn Binding Cell Cycle Perturbations Induced by Infection with the Brian Dove, Gavin Brooks, Katrina 4147–4156 Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Their Effect Bicknell, Torsten Wurm, and Julian on Virus Replication A. Hiscox Role of Endosomal Cathepsins in Entry Mediated by the Kathryn Schornberg, Shutoku 4174–4178 Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Matsuyama, Kirsten Kabsch, Sue Delos, Amy Bouton, and Judith White Cellular Factors Required for Lassa Virus Budding Shuzo Urata, Takeshi Noda, 4191–4195 Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Hideyoshi Yokosawa, and Jiro Yasuda

CELLULAR RESPONSE TO INFECTION

The CPSF30 Binding Site on the NS1A Protein of Influenza Karen Y. Twu, Diana L. Noah, Ping 3957–3965 A Virus Is a Potential Antiviral Target Rao, Rei-Lin Kuo, and Robert M. Krug Baculovirus-Mediated Gene Delivery into Mammalian Cells Christos Kenoutis, Rodica C. 4135–4146 Does Not Alter Their Transcriptional and Differentiating Efrose, Luc Swevers, Alexandros A. Potential but Is Accompanied by Early Viral Gene Lavdas, Maria Gaitanou, Rebecca Expression Matsas, and Kostas Iatrou

GENE DELIVERY

Characterization of the Recombinant Adenovirus Vector Gabriel Glockzin, Klaus Mantwill, 3904–3911 AdYB-1: Implications for Oncolytic Vector Development Karsten Jurchott, Alexandra Bernshausen, Axel Ladhoff, Hans- Dieter Royer, Bernd Gansbacher, and Per Sonne Holm

VACCINES AND ANTIVIRAL AGENTS

Systemic Immunization with an ALVAC-HIV-1/Protein Boost Ranajit Pal, David Venzon, Sampa 3732–3742 .Vaccine Strategy Protects Rhesus Macaques from CD4؉ T- Santra, Vaniambadi S Cell Loss and Reduces both Systemic and Mucosal Simian- Kalyanaraman, David C. Montefiori,

Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIVKU2 RNA Levels Lindsey Hocker, Lauren Hudacik, Nicolas Rose, Janos Nacsa, Yvette Edghill-Smith, Marcin Moniuszko, Zdeneˇk Hel, Igor M. Belyakov, Jay A. Berzofsky, Robyn Washington Parks, Phillip D. Markham, Norman L. Letvin, Jim Tartaglia, and Genoveffa Franchini Intrarectal Immunization with Rotavirus 2/6 Virus-Like Davide Agnello, Christine A. Herve´, 3823–3832 Particles Induces an Antirotavirus Immune Response Amandine Lavaux, Magali Darniot, Localized in the Intestinal Mucosa and Protects against Patrice Guillon, Annie Charpilienne, Rotavirus Infection in Mice and Pierre Pothier

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Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Vector Delivers Protective Wai-Ping Woo, Tracy Doan, Karen 3975–3984 Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses to Disease-Relevant A. Herd, Hans-Ju¨rgen Netter, and Foreign Epitopes Robert W. Tindle Envelope Conformational Changes Induced by Human Hsu-Tso Ho, Li Fan, Beata 4017–4025 Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Attachment Inhibitors Nowicka-Sans, Brian McAuliffe, Prevent CD4 Binding and Downstream Entry Events Chang-Ben Li, Gregory Yamanaka, Nannan Zhou, Hua Fang, Ira Dicker, Richard Dalterio, Yi-Fei Gong, Tao Wang, Zhiwei Yin, Yasutsugu Ueda, John Matiskella, John Kadow, Paul Clapham, James Robinson, Richard Colonno, and Pin-Fang Lin Mucosal Immunization with Surface-Displayed Severe Acute Jong-Soo Lee, Haryoung Poo, Dong 4079–4087 Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein on P. Han, Seung-Pyo Hong, Kwang Lactobacillus casei Induces Neutralizing Antibodies in Mice Kim, Michael W. Cho, Eun Kim, Moon-Hee Sung, and Chul-Joong Kim Recovery of a Recombinant Salmonid Alphavirus Fully Coralie Moriette, Monique LeBerre, 4088–4098 Attenuated and Protective for Rainbow Trout Annie Lamoureux, Thanh-Lan Lai, and Michel Bre´mont

PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNITY

Genetic Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Jenna Rychert, Nedra Lacour, and 3721–3731 Expressed in Milk and Selectively Transmitted through Angela Martin Amedee Breastfeeding Full Genomic Analysis of Human Rotavirus Strain B4106 Jelle Matthijnssens, Mustafizur 3801–3810 and Lapine Rotavirus Strain 30/96 Provides Evidence for Rahman, Vito Martella, Yang Interspecies Transmission Xuelei, Sofie De Vos, Karolien De Leener, Max Ciarlet, Canio Buonavoglia, and Marc Van Ranst Antibody Production and In Vitro Behavior of CD27-Defined Vito Racanelli, Maria Antonia 3923–3934 B-Cell Subsets: Persistent Hepatitis C Virus Infection Frassanito, Patrizia Leone, Maria Changes the Rules Galiano, Valli De Re, Franco Silvestris, and Franco Dammacco In Vivo Ablation of CD11c-Positive Dendritic Cells Increases Sadik H. Kassim, Naveen K. 3985–3993 Susceptibility to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection and Rajasagi, Xiangyi Zhao, Robert Diminishes NK and T-Cell Responses Chervenak, and Stephen R. Jennings Novel Insights into the Pathogenesis of the Graffi Murine Ve´ronique Voisin, Corinne Barat, 4026–4037 Leukemia Retrovirus Trang Hoang, and Eric Rassart Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and 2 Glycoprotein C Prevents Lauren M. Hook, John M. Lubinski, 4038–4046 Complement-Mediated Neutralization Induced by Natural Ming Jiang, Michael K. Pangburn, Immunoglobulin M Antibody and Harvey M. Friedman Analysis of Equid Herpesvirus 1 Strain Variation Reveals a J. Nugent, I. Birch-Machin, K. C. 4047–4060 Point Mutation of the DNA Polymerase Strongly Associated Smith, J. A. Mumford, Z. Swann, with Neuropathogenic versus Nonneuropathogenic Disease J. R. Newton, R. J. Bowden, G. P. Outbreaks Allen, and N. Davis-Poynter Apoptosis of Liver-Derived Cells Induced by Parvovirus B19 Brian D. Poole, Jing Zhou, Amy 4114–4121 Nonstructural Protein Grote, Adam Schiffenbauer, and Stanley J. Naides Maternally Derived Recombinant Human Anti-Hantavirus Shuyang Yu, Mifang Liang, 4183–4186 Monoclonal Antibodies Are Transferred to Mouse Offspring BaoLiang Fan, Hongtao Xu, Chuan during Lactation and Neutralize Virus In Vitro Li, Quanfu Zhang, Dexin Li, Bo Tang, Shijie Li, Yunping Dai, Meili Wang, Min Zheng, Bingxue Yan, Qinghong Zhu, and Ning Li

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Murine Cytomegalovirus Interference with Antigen Xiuju Lu, Amelia K. Pinto, Ann M. 4200–4202 Presentation Contributes to the Inability of CD8 T Cells To Kelly, Kathy S. Cho, and Ann B. Control Virus in the Salivary Gland Hill

ERRATA

Role of Notch Signal Transduction in Kaposi’s Sarcoma- Heesoon Chang, Dirk P. Dittmer, 4203 Associated Herpesvirus Gene Expression Young C. Shin, Youngkwon Hong, and Jae U. Jung Crucial Role of the 5؅ Conserved Structure of Bamboo Yau-Heiu Hsu, Hsin-Chuan Chen, 4204 Mosaic Virus Satellite RNA in Downregulation of Helper Jeannie Cheng, Padmanaban Viral RNA Replication Annamalai, Bin-Yen Lin, Chiang- Tai Wu, Wen-Bin Yeh, and Na-Sheng Lin

AUTHORS’ CORRECTIONS

Comprehensive Bioinformatic Analysis of the Specificity Liwen You, Daniel Garwicz, 4205 of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease and Thorsteinn Ro¨gnvaldsson Selective Modification of Variable Loops Alters Tropism Zhi-yong Yang, Bimal K. 4206 and Enhances Immunogenicity of Human Immunodeficiency Chakrabarti, Ling Xu, Brent Virus Type 1 Envelope Welcher, Wing-pui Kong, Kwanyee Leung, Amos Panet, John R. Mascola, and Gary J. Nabel Density-Dependent Selection in Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Isabel S. Novella, Daniel D. Reissig, 4207 and Claus O. Wilke

Cover photograph (Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.): Cos-7 cells were transfected with a plasmid coding for the rotavirus spike protein VP4 fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). At 48 h posttrans- fection, EGFP-VP4 (green), F-actin (red), and microtubules (blue) were visualized. The EGFP-VP4 protein colocalized with the actin in large bodies (pseudocolored yellow), suggesting that EGFP-VP4 protein remodeled microfilaments. (See related article on page 3947.)