DOCSLIB.ORG

Virology & Molecular Diagnostics – List of Tests and Preferred

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Virology & Molecular Diagnostics – List of Tests and Preferred Virology & Molecular Diagnostics – List of Tests and Preferred Specimens July 2021 The following tables show recommended specimen(s) and procedures used for pathogen detection or serological analysis in the Virology, Molecular Diagnostics and Serology sections of the Animal Health Centre. If you are unsure of the suitability of a specimen for a particular disease or pathogen, please contact the Animal Health Centre Laboratory at 604-556-3003 or email PAHB@gov.bc.ca. Follow guidelines for Submission of Specimens for Virology and Molecular Diagnostics for proper collection and submission of specimens. ABBREVIATIONS: AGID Agar Gel Immunodiffusion ELISA Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay EM Electron Microscopy HI Hemagglutination Inhibition PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction VI Virus Isolation VN Virus Neutralization 1 Virus AVIAN Serology Virology/Molecular Disease/Pathogen Specimen [Volume of serum Diagnostics Methods needed = 0.5ml/bird] Avian Adenovirus (Inclusion Body Hepatitis, Liver, spleen AGID (Adenovirus PCR, VI, EM Hemorrhagic Enteritis) group-1) ELISA (HEV) Avian Astrovirus (Chicken astrovirus) Kidney, liver, proventriculus, intestine/cecum PCR Avian Bornavirus (Proventricular Dilatation Crop, proventriculus, brain PCR Disease) Avian Encephalomyelitis virus (AE) Brain, pancreas, gizzard PCR, VI, EM ELISA Avian Infectious Bronchitis virus (IBV) Trachea/bronchus, tracheal swab, lungs, kidney, fecal swab, cecal PCR, VI, EM ELISA tonsil Avian Infectious Laryngotracheitis virus (ILT) Trachea, tracheal swab, lungs, eyelid PCR, VI, EM ELISA Avian Influenza (AI) virus Oropharyngeal swab, cloacal swab, trachea, spleen, PCR, VI, EM ELISA, AGID lungs, kidney, brain, cecal tonsil Avian Nephritis virus Kidney PCR Avian Paramyxovirus (APMV)- 1 (Newcastle Trachea, Oropharyngeal swab, lungs, brain, proventriculus, PCR, VI, EM ELISA Disease) cecal tonsil, cloacal swab, spleen, kidney Avian Pneumovirus Trachea, lung PCR Avian Polyoma virus Feather pulp, skin, lung, liver, kidney, whole blood, feces, PCR, EM cloacal swab Avian Reovirus (Enteric and Respiratory) Intestine, pancreas, feces, trachea, lung PCR, VI, EM ELISA Avian Reovirus (Viral arthritis) Joint swab, tendons, heart (chicks) PCR, VI, EM ELISA Chicken Anemia virus Bursa, thymus, bone marrrow, feces PCR ELISA Duck Viral Enteritis Liver, spleen, intestine, cecal tonsil PCR, VI Fowl Pox virus Skin lesions PCR, EM, VI Hemorrhagic Enteritis See Avian Adenovirus Infectious Bursal Disease virus Bursa PCR, VI ELISA Pigeon Circovirus Feces, bursa PCR Proventricular Dilatation Disease (avian Crop, proventriculus, brain PCR bornavirus) Psittacine Beak & Feather virus Feather pulp, skin, bursa, thymus, feces, whole blood PCR 2 Psittacine Herpes virus (Pacheco’s Disease) Lung, liver, spleen, feces, whole blood PCR, VI Reticuloendotheliosis virus Buffy coat (whole blood), tumor tissues, spleen PCR Turkey Coronavirus Feces, intestine, bursa PCR, EM West Nile Virus Brain, cloacal swab, choanal swab, liver, kidney, spleen PCR BOVINE Nasal swabs, lesions, whole blood, spleen, lymphnodes or bone Blue Tongue virus PCR ELISA marrow Bovine Adenovirus Type 1,2,3,4-8 Nasal swab, feces PCR, VI, EM Bovine Coronavirus Nasal swab, lung, trachea, feces PCR, EM VN Nasal swab, conjunctival swab vaginal swab, trachea Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1, IBR, IPV) Fetus: lung, liver, kidney, adrenal gland, placenta PCR, VI, EM VN Lesions (scrapings, scabs), respiratory tissues, nasal swabs, PCR, VI, EM Bovine Herpesvirus 4 secretions, whole blood Bovine Papillomavirus Lesions PCR, EM Bovine Parainfluenza 3 Virus Nasal swab, lung PCR, VI VN Bovine Parvovirus Feces, intestine PCR, EM Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) Nasal-pharyngeal washings, deep nasal swab, lung PCR, VI, EM VN Bovine Rotavirus Feces, small intestine PCR, EM Buffy coat (10 ml whole blood), serum, feces, intestine, Peyer’s Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Types 1 & 2 patches, spleen, mesenteric lymph node, lung, milk; Fetus: lung, PCR, VI, EM VN liver, spleen, thymus, thyroid, placenta, fetal fluids Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) see Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF) Wildebeest Buffy coat, tonsil, lymph node, kidney, liver, brain PCR Parapoxvirus Lesions PCR, EM Bovine Torovirus Feces PCR, EM Bovine IgG/ IgM Neonates: Serum RID OVINE & CAPRINE Nasal swabs, lesions, whole blood, spleen, lymphnodes or bone PCR ELISA Blue Tongue virus marrow Border Disease virus Buffy coat (whole blood), lymphoid tissue, brain PCR Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE) Joint swab, buffy coat (whole blood), brain PCR ELISA 3 Caprine Herpesvirus 2 Buffy coat (whole blood), tonsil, lymph node PCR Ovine Herpes 2 virus (Malignant Catarrhal Fever) Buffy coat (whole blood), tonsil, lymph node PCR (MCF - Sheep) Ovine Progressive Pneumonia virus (OPP) Buffy coat (whole blood) PCR ELISA Ovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Nasal swab, lung PCR Parapoxvirus (ORF virus, Contagious Ecthyema) Lesions PCR, EM EQUINE Equine Adenovirus pneumonia Nasal swab, lung VI Equine Coronavirus, Rotavirus Feces EM Adult: Deep nasal swabs, conjunctival swab, whole blood (buffy Equine Herpes Virus 1 coat), lung, spinal cord, brain PCR, VI VN Fetus: Liver , lung Equine Herpes Virus 2 Nasal swabs, buffy coat (whole blood) PCR Equine Herpes Virus 3 Swabs from genital/oral lesions PCR Equine Herpes Virus 4 Nasal swabs, conjunctival swab PCR Equine Influenza virus Nasal swab, tracheal wash, lung PCR, VI, EM Equine infectious anemia (EIA) ELISA Equine rhinitis A virus (Equine Rhinovirus 1) Nasal swab, tracheal wash, lung PCR Adult: lung, thymus, whole blood (buffy coat), Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) mesentery lymph node, liver, spleen PCR, VI VN Fetus: lung, spleen, thymus, placenta, liver Whole blood, cerebrospinal fluid, cerebrum, brain stem, lung, Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (WEE) PCR liver, kidney, spleen, visceral lymph nodes Brain, spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid for horse, other species West Nile Virus have different site predilection for virus accumulation, kidney, PCR liver, heart, etc. Equine IgG/ IgM Serum, Fetus: heart blood RID PORCINE African swine fever virus Spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes, kidney, liver PCR Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Brain, upper spinal Cord VI Porcine Circovirus 1 & 2 a, b Feces, nasal secretions, lung, oropharyngeal swab, buffy coat PCR Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) Feces, intestinal contents, intestine PCR 4 Porcine Delta Coronavirus Feces, intestinal contents, intestine PCR Porcine Parvovirus Fetus: lung. Liver, kidney, spleen, placenta PCR, EM Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome Adult: Serum, blood swab in saline, lung, tonsil PCR (PRRSV) Fetus: lung, spleen, thymus, thoracic fluid Intact vesicles, Vesicular fluid, scrapings of vesicular lesions, Seneca Valley Virus (SVV) PCR serum Swine Influenza virus Nasal swab, trachea, lung PCR, VI, EM HI, VN Torovirus-Porcine Feces PCR Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGE) Feces, small intestine (Jejunum) PCR, EM VN CANINE & FELINE Canine Adenovirus Type 1 (Infectious Canine Liver, feces PCR, VI, EM Hepatitis) Canine Adenovirus Type 2 (Canine Respiratory Nasal swab, conjunctival or pharyngeal swab PCR, VI adenovirus) Canine Coronavirus Feces, fecal swab PCR, EM Buffy coat (whole blood), lung, kidney, liver, nasopharyngeal Canine Distemper virus swab, conjunctival swab PCR, VI, EM VN Canine Herpes virus Lung, liver PCR Canine Influenza virus Nasal swab, lung PCR Canine Parainfluenza Virus (Kennel Cough) Nasal swab, tracheal swab, trachea PCR Canine Parvovirus 2 a,b,c Fecal swab, feces, intestine PCR Feline Calicivirus Nasal swab, pharyngeal swab, lung PCR Feline Coronavirus Peritoneal fluid spleen, kidney, lung, feces PCR, EM Feline Herpesvirus-1 Pharyngeal swab, nasal swab, lung, conjunctival swab PCR, EM Feline Immunodeficiency virus Whole blood PCR Feline Leukemia Virus Whole blood (1 ml) PCR Feline parvovirus (Feline Panleukopenia virus) Small intestine, kidney, liver PCR FISH & AQUATIC ANIMALS Acipenserid herpesvirus 1 (AciHV-1) (White Skin lesions PCR Sturgeon Herpesvirus-1) Acipenserid herpesvirus 2 (AciHV-2) (White Skin lesions PCR Sturgeon Herpesvirus-2) 5 Betanodavirus Heart, kidney, spleen PCR Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) Gill, kidney PCR Epizootic Haematopoietic Necrosis virus (EHNV) Kidney, spleen, liver PCR, VI, EM Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) Kidney, spleen, liver, gills, mucus, whole fish PCR, VI, EM Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis virus (IPNV) Pyloric caecum, spleen, kidney, brain PCR, VI, EM Infectious Salmon Anemia virus (ISAV) Gills, heart, liver, kidney, spleen PCR Koi Herpes virus (KHV) Gill, kidney PCR Whole blood, nasal, pharyngeal or ocular swabs, trachea- Phocine Distemper virus PCR bronchial lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidney, lung and brain Piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) Heart PCR Piscine Orthoreovirus (PRV) Heart, kidney, liver, spleen, gills PCR Salmon Alphavirus (SAV) Organs, viremic serum PCR Salmonid Herpes virus-1 (SalHV-1) Liver, kidney, spleen PCR, VI, EM Whole blood, nasal, pharyngeal or ocular swabs, trachea- Seal Herpes virus PCR bronchial lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidney, lung and brain Whole fish (small fish - less than 4 cm), viscera including the Spring Viremia of Carp virus (SVCV) kidney and encephalon from fish 4 to 6 cm long, kidney, PCR spleen, liver, gills and encephalon from larger fish Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV) Haemolymph, pleopods, whole small shrimp PCR Viral Hemorraghic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) Kidney, spleen, liver, brain, whole fish PCR, VI, EM Samples of or from the pleopods, gills,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cyprinus Carpio
    Académie Universitaire Wallonie - Europe Université de Liège Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire Département des Maladies Infectieuses et Parasitaires Service d’Immunologie et de Vaccinologie Etude des portes d’entrée de l’Herpèsvirus cyprin 3 chez Cyprinus carpio Study of the portals of entry of Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in Cyprinus carpio Guillaume FOURNIER Thèse présentée en vue de l’obtention du grade de Docteur en Sciences Vétérinaires Année académique 2011-2012 Académie Universitaire Wallonie - Europe Université de Liège Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire Département des Maladies Infectieuses et Parasitaires Service d’Immunologie et de Vaccinologie Etude des portes d’entrée de l’Herpèsvirus cyprin 3 chez Cyprinus carpio Study of the portals of entry of Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in Cyprinus carpio Promoteur : Prof. Alain Vanderplasschen Guillaume FOURNIER Thèse présentée en vue de l’obtention du grade de Docteur en Sciences Vétérinaires Année académique 2011-2012 « La science progresse en indiquant l'immensité de l'ignoré. » Louis Pauwels Remerciements Liège, le 15 février 2012 L’accomplissement d’une thèse est un long et palpitant voyage en océan où se mélangent la curiosité, le doute, la persévérance, et la confiance… en soi bien sûr, mais surtout envers toutes les personnes qui, par leurs conseils, leur aide, leur soutien m’ont permis de mener cette thèse à bien. Je tiens ici à remercier mes collègues, amis et famille qui ont été tantôt les phares, tantôt les boussoles, toujours les fidèles compagnons de cette aventure. Je commencerais par adresser mes plus sincères remerciements à mon promoteur, le Professeur Alain Vanderplasschen, qui m’avait déjà remarqué en amphithéâtre pour ma curiosité, à moins que ce ne soit pour mon irrésistible coiffure..
    [Show full text]
  • First Report and Genetic Characterization of Bovine Torovirus
    Shi et al. BMC Veterinary Research (2020) 16:272 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02494-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access First report and genetic characterization of bovine torovirus in diarrhoeic calves in China Zhihai Shi1,2† , Wenjia Wang3† , Chaoxi Chen4, Xiaozhan Zhang3* , Jing Wang1, Zhaoxue Xu1,2 and Yali Lan1* Abstract Background: Coronaviruses are notorious pathogens that cause diarrheic and respiratory diseases in humans and animals. Although the epidemiology and pathogenicity of coronaviruses have gained substantial attention, little is known about bovine coronavirus in cattle, which possesses a close relationship with human coronavirus. Bovine torovirus (BToV) is a newly identified relevant pathogen associated with cattle diarrhoea and respiratory diseases, and its epidemiology in the Chinese cattle industry remains unknown. Results: In this study, a total of 461 diarrhoeic faecal samples were collected from 38 different farms in three intensive cattle farming regions and analysed. Our results demonstrated that BToV is present in China, with a low prevalence rate of 1.74% (8/461). The full-length spike genes were further cloned from eight clinical samples (five farms in Henan Province). Phylogenetic analysis showed that two different subclades of BToV strains are circulating in China. Meanwhile, the three BToV strains identified from dairy calves, 18,307, 2YY and 5YY, all contained the amino acid variants R614Q, I801T, N841S and Q885E. Conclusions: This is the first report to confirm the presence of BToV in beef and dairy calves in China with diarrhea, which extend our understanding of the epidemiology of BToVs worldwide. Keywords: Bovine torovirus, China, Calf diarrhoea, Beef, Dairy, Phylogenetic analysis Background viruses and parasites.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide for Common Viral Diseases of Animals in Louisiana
    Sampling and Testing Guide for Common Viral Diseases of Animals in Louisiana Please click on the species of interest: Cattle Deer and Small Ruminants The Louisiana Animal Swine Disease Diagnostic Horses Laboratory Dogs A service unit of the LSU School of Veterinary Medicine Adapted from Murphy, F.A., et al, Veterinary Virology, 3rd ed. Cats Academic Press, 1999. Compiled by Rob Poston Multi-species: Rabiesvirus DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 1 Cattle Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 2 Deer and Small Ruminants Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral disease Respiratory viral disease Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 3 Swine Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 4 Horses Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Neurological viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Abortifacient/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 5 Dogs Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Toroviruses of Humans and Cattle
    Studies on toroviruses of humans and cattle Lynn Marie Duckmanton A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto Copyright by Lynn M. Duckmanton, 1999 National Library Bibliotheque nationale 1*1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington OttawaON KIA ON4 OttawaON KlAON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive pennettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliotheque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reprodwe, preter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette these sous paper or electronic formats. la foxme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format Bectronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriete du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protege cette ththe. thesis nor substantial extracts fiorn it Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent &re imprimes reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Studies on toroviruses of humans and cattle, Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 1999, Lynn Marie Duckmanton, Graduate Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto. Abstract Human torovirus (HTV) was purified from patient stool specimens and characterized. By negative contrast electron microscopy (EM) and thin-section EM, torovirus-like particles were found to be morphologically similar to Berne virus (BEV) and Breda virus (BRV).
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Analysis, Distribution, and Characterization of Microsatellites in Orf Virus Genome
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Comparative analysis, distribution, and characterization of microsatellites in Orf virus genome Basanta Pravas Sahu1, Prativa Majee 1, Ravi Raj Singh1, Anjan Sahoo2 & Debasis Nayak 1* Genome-wide in-silico identifcation of microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in the Orf virus (ORFV), the causative agent of contagious ecthyma has been carried out to investigate the type, distribution and its potential role in the genome evolution. We have investigated eleven ORFV strains, which resulted in the presence of 1,036–1,181 microsatellites per strain. The further screening revealed the presence of 83–107 compound SSRs (cSSRs) per genome. Our analysis indicates the dinucleotide (76.9%) repeats to be the most abundant, followed by trinucleotide (17.7%), mononucleotide (4.9%), tetranucleotide (0.4%) and hexanucleotide (0.2%) repeats. The Relative Abundance (RA) and Relative Density (RD) of these SSRs varied between 7.6–8.4 and 53.0–59.5 bp/ kb, respectively. While in the case of cSSRs, the RA and RD ranged from 0.6–0.8 and 12.1–17.0 bp/kb, respectively. Regression analysis of all parameters like the incident of SSRs, RA, and RD signifcantly correlated with the GC content. But in a case of genome size, except incident SSRs, all other parameters were non-signifcantly correlated. Nearly all cSSRs were composed of two microsatellites, which showed no biasedness to a particular motif. Motif duplication pattern, such as, (C)-x-(C), (TG)- x-(TG), (AT)-x-(AT), (TC)- x-(TC) and self-complementary motifs, such as (GC)-x-(CG), (TC)-x-(AG), (GT)-x-(CA) and (TC)-x-(AG) were observed in the cSSRs.
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Basis for Ligand and Substrate Recognition by Torovirus Hemagglutinin Esterases
    Structural basis for ligand and substrate recognition by torovirus hemagglutinin esterases Martijn A. Langereisa,1, Qinghong Zengb,1, Gerrit J. Gerwigc, Barbara Freyd, Mark von Itzsteind, Johannis P. Kamerlingc, Raoul J. de Groota,2,3, and Eric G. Huizingab,2,3 aVirology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, bCrystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Sciences, and cDepartment of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; and dInstitute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia Edited by Peter Palese, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, and approved July 14, 2009 (received for review April 24, 2009) Hemagglutinin esterases (HEs), closely related envelope glycopro- to subunit 1 of the influenza C virus hemagglutinin–esterase teins in influenza C and corona- and toroviruses, mediate reversible fusion (HEF) protein. While toro- and coronaviruses are of attachment to O-acetylated sialic acids (Sias). They do so by acting common ancestry, they apparently acquired their HE genes both as lectins and as receptor-destroying enzymes, functions exerted through horizontal gene transfer on separate occasions after the by separate protein domains. HE divergence was accompanied by torovirus–coronavirus split (3). Structural and bioinformatic changes in quaternary structure and in receptor and substrate spec- evidence suggests that the nidovirus HEs originated from trim- ificity. The selective forces underlying HE diversity and the molecular eric HEF-like fusion proteins (7–9). In the course of events, the basis for Sia specificity are poorly understood.
    [Show full text]
  • Modulation of NF-Κb Signalling by Microbial Pathogens
    REVIEWS Modulation of NF‑κB signalling by microbial pathogens Masmudur M. Rahman and Grant McFadden Abstract | The nuclear factor-κB (NF‑κB) family of transcription factors plays a central part in the host response to infection by microbial pathogens, by orchestrating the innate and acquired host immune responses. The NF‑κB proteins are activated by diverse signalling pathways that originate from many different cellular receptors and sensors. Many successful pathogens have acquired sophisticated mechanisms to regulate the NF‑κB signalling pathways by deploying subversive proteins or hijacking the host signalling molecules. Here, we describe the mechanisms by which viruses and bacteria micromanage the host NF‑κB signalling circuitry to favour the continued survival of the pathogen. The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription Signalling targets upstream of NF‑κB factors regulates the expression of hundreds of genes that NF-κB proteins are tightly regulated in both the cyto- are associated with diverse cellular processes, such as pro- plasm and the nucleus6. Under normal physiological liferation, differentiation and death, as well as innate and conditions, NF‑κB complexes remain inactive in the adaptive immune responses. The mammalian NF‑κB cytoplasm through a direct interaction with proteins proteins are members of the Rel domain-containing pro- of the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) family, including IκBα, tein family: RELA (also known as p65), RELB, c‑REL, IκBβ and IκBε (also known as NF-κBIα, NF-κBIβ and the NF-κB p105 subunit (also known as NF‑κB1; which NF-κBIε, respectively); IκB proteins mask the nuclear is cleaved into the p50 subunit) and the NF-κB p100 localization domains in the NF‑κB complex, thus subunit (also known as NF‑κB2; which is cleaved into retaining the transcription complex in the cytoplasm.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 Genesig Advanced
    Primerdesign TM Ltd Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 Pol gene for DNA polymerase genesig® Advanced Kit 150 tests For general laboratory and research use only Quantification of Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 genomes. 1 genesig Advanced kit handbook HB10.03.11 Published Date: 09/11/2018 Introduction to Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV3) is the causative agent of a lethal disease in common (Cyprinus carpio carpio) and Koi carp (Cyprnius carpio koi). It was discovered in the late 1990s and has rapidly spread worldwide among cultured common carp and ornamental koi. Previously known as koi herpesvirus, it has caused severe economic losses in the global carp industry with its spread being attributed to international trade. The virus is a member of the order Herepesvirales and family Alloherpesviridae. It has a linear, double stranded genome of approximately 295 kb in length consisting of a large central portion flanked by two 22 kb repeat regions. The genome encodes 156 open reading frames (ORFs) including 8 ORFs encoded by the repeat regions. The genome is packaged in an icosahedral capsid that is contained within viral glycoproteins and then a host derived lipid envelope, giving an overall virion of 170-200nm in diameter. At present, common and koi carp are the only species known to be affected by the virus. The viral particles are transmitted through faeces, sloughing of mucous and inflammatory cells, and secretions that are released into the water. The skin pores are the main source of entry and site of replication but the disease also spreads to the organs, particularly the kidneys. The viral particles are further spread when the carp come into contact with each other during grazing, spawning or when uninfected fish pick at the skin lesions of dead infected fish.
    [Show full text]
  • Specimen Type, Collection Methods, and Diagnostic Assays Available For
    Specimen type, collection methods, and diagnostic assays available for the detection of poxviruses from human specimens by the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention1. Specimen Orthopoxvirus Parapoxvirus Yatapoxvirus Molluscipoxvirus Specimen type collection method PCR6 Culture EM8 IHC9,10 Serology11 PCR12 EM8 IHC9,10 PCR13 EM8 PCR EM8 Lesion material Fresh or frozen Swab 5 Lesion material [dry or in media ] [vesicle / pustule Formalin fixed skin, scab / crust, etc.] Paraffin block Fixed slide(s) Container Lesion fluid Swab [vesicle / pustule [dry or in media5] fluid, etc.] Touch prep slide Blood EDTA2 EDTA tube 7 Spun or aliquoted Serum before shipment Spun or aliquoted Plasma before shipment CSF3,4 Sterile 1. The detection of poxviruses by electron microscopy (EM) and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) is performed by the Infectious Disease Pathology Branch of the CDC. 2. EDTA — Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. 3. CSF — Cerebrospinal fluid. 4. In order to accurately interpret test results generated from CSF specimens, paired serum must also be submitted. 5. If media is used to store and transport specimens a minimal amount should be used to ensure as little dilution of DNA as possible. 6. Orthopoxvirus generic real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays will amplify DNA from numerous species of virus within the Orthopoxvirus genus. Species-specific real-time PCR assays are available for selective detection of DNA from variola virus, vaccinia virus, monkeypox virus, and cowpox virus. 7. Blood is not ideal for the detection of orthopoxviruses by PCR as the period of viremia has often passed before sampling occurs. 8. EM can reveal the presence of a poxvirus in clinical specimens or from virus culture, but this technique cannot differentiate between virus species within the same genus.
    [Show full text]
  • View • Inclusion in Pubmed and All Major Indexing Services • Maximum Visibility for Your Research
    Monaghan et al. Vet Res (2016) 47:8 DOI 10.1186/s13567-015-0297-6 Veterinary Research RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Expression of immunogenic structural proteins of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in vitro assessed using immunofluorescence Sean J. Monaghan1* , Kim D. Thompson1,2, James E. Bron1, Sven M. Bergmann3, Tae S. Jung4, Takashi Aoki5, K. Fiona Muir1, Malte Dauber3, Sven Reiche3, Diana Chee1,6, Shin M. Chong6, Jing Chen7 and Alexandra Adams1 Abstract Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), also called koi herpesvirus (KHV), is the aetiological agent of a fatal disease in carp and koi (Cyprinus carpio L.), referred to as koi herpesvirus disease. The virus contains at least 40 structural proteins, of which few have been characterised with respect to their immunogenicity. Indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) using two epitope-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used to examine the expression kinetics of two potentially immunogenic and diagnostically relevant viral antigens, an envelope glycoprotein and a capsid-associated protein. The rate of expression of these antigens was determined following a time-course of infection in two CyHV-3 susceptible cell lines. The results were quantified using an IFA, performed in microtitre plates, and image analysis was used to analyse confocal micrographs, enabling measurement of differential virus-associated fluorescence and nucleus-associated fluorescence from stacks of captured scans. An 8-tenfold increase in capsid-associated protein expression was observed during the first 5 days post-infection compared to a 2-fold increase in glycoprotein expres- sion. A dominant protein of ~100 kDa reacted with the capsid-associated MAb≤ (20F10) in western blot analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • "Fischgesundheit Und Fischerei Im Wandel Der Zeit"
    Fischgesundheit und Fischerei im Wandel der Zeit Tagungsband XV. Gemeinschaftstagung der Deutschen, Österreichischen und Schweizer Sektionen der European Association of Fish Pathologists (EAFP) Starnberg, 8. – 10. Oktober 2014 Die Tagung wurde in wesentlichen Teilen finanziert vom Bayerischen Staatsministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten (StMELF) aus der Fischereiabgabe Bayerns Weitere Unterstützung erfolgte durch: ― Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit ― Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Institut für Fischerei ― MSD Tiergesundheit, Intervet Deutschland GmbH ― Zentralverband Zoologischer Fachbetriebe (ZZF) und Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft Zoolo- gischer Fachbetriebe GmbH (WZF) ― Familie Gerda und Hartmut Stachowitz ― Oswald Fürneisen ― Tetra GmbH, Melle ― BioMar Group Für die Erstellung des Tagungsbandes wurden die von den Autoren eingesandten Manu- skripte bzw. Zusammenfassungen verwendet. Für die Inhalte und Abbildungen sind die Autoren verantwortlich. Einige Beiträge wurden oder werden an anderer Stelle veröffent- licht. Im vorliegenden Tagungsband sind Zusammenfassungen dieser Beiträge veröffent- licht. Zitiervorschlag KLEINGELD, D. W., und WEDEKIND, H. (Hrsg.) (2015): Fischgesundheit und Fische- rei im Wandel der Zeit. XV. Gemeinschaftstagung der Deutschen, Österreichischen und Schweizer Sektion der European Association of Fish Pathologists (EAFP), 8. – 10. Okto- ber 2014 an der LfL in Starnberg. Impressum Herausgeber: Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Vöttinger
    [Show full text]
  • Treatment of Metastatic Disease Through Natural Killer Cell Modulation by Infected Cell Vaccines
    viruses Review Treatment of Metastatic Disease through Natural Killer Cell Modulation by Infected Cell Vaccines Seyedeh Raheleh Niavarani 1, Christine Lawson 1 and Lee-Hwa Tai 1,2,* 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke QC J1E 4K8, Canada; seyedeh-raheleh.niavarani@usherbrooke.ca (S.R.N.); christine.lawson@usherbrooke.ca (C.L.) 2 Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke QC J1E 4K8, Canada * Correspondence: lee-hwa.tai@usherbrooke.ca; Tel.: +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 71199) Received: 26 March 2019; Accepted: 10 May 2019; Published: 11 May 2019 Abstract: Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a form of immunotherapy that release tumor antigens in the context of highly immunogenic viral signals following tumor-targeted infection and destruction. Emerging preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that this in situ vaccine effect is critical for successful viro-immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the application of OV as an infected cell vaccine (ICV) as one method of enhancing the potency and breadth of anti-tumoral immunity. We focus on understanding and manipulating the critical role of natural killer (NK) cells and their interactions with other immune cells to promote a clinical outcome. With a synergistic tumor killing and immune activating mechanism, ICVs represent a valuable new addition to the cancer fighting toolbox with the potential to treat malignant disease. Keywords: immunotherapy; oncolytic virus; autologous cancer vaccines; infected cell vaccines; natural killer cells; immunomonitoring 1. Introduction While the field of oncology has seen great advances in treating primary solid cancers, malignant cancers that have spread to multiple sites of the body have rarely been cured.
    [Show full text]