Kildesporing Av PFAS Til Tyrifjorden Sluttrapport
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MILJØOVERVÅKNING M-863 | 2017 Kildesporing av PFAS til Tyrifjorden Sluttrapport KOLOFON Utførende institusjon Norges Geotekniske Institutt (NGI) Oppdragstakers prosjektansvarlig Kontaktperson i Miljødirektoratet Åse Høisæter Eivind Farmen M-nummer År Sidetall Miljødirektoratets kontraktnummer 863 2017 270 Avtale 17078054 Utgiver Prosjektet er finansiert av Miljødirektoratet Miljødirektoratet Forfatter(e) Gøril Aasen Slinde, Åse Høisæter Tittel – norsk og engelsk Kildesporing av PFAS til Tyrifjorden - Sluttrapport Source tracing of PFAS to Tyrifjorden – Final report Sammendrag – summary Norges Geotekniske Institutt (NGI) har på vegne av Miljødirektoratet utført en sporing av kilder til PFOS og andre per- og polyfluorerte forbindelser (PFAS) i Tyrifjorden. Denne rapporten oppsummerer resultatene fra undersøkelsen, og gir noen anbefalinger for videre oppfølging av forurensningssituasjonen relatert til PFAS i området. The Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) has conducted a study to identify the emission sources of PFOS and other per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFAS) in Tyrifjorden, on behalf of the Norwegian Environmental Agency. This report sums up the results from the survey, and gives some recommendations on how to follow up the PFAS-contamination in the area. 4 emneord 4 subject words PFOS, PFAS, kildesporing, Tyrifjorden PFOS, PFAS, sources, Tyrifjorden Forsidefoto NGI 1 Kildesporing av PFAS til Tyrifjorden | M-863 Innhold Extended summary ............................................................................................ 4 Utvidet sammendrag .......................................................................................... 7 1. Innledning .................................................................................................. 10 1.1 Prosjektets oppbygning ........................................................................... 10 2. Metoder .................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Fase 1-undersøkelsen .............................................................................. 11 2.2 Klassifisering av prøver ............................................................................ 11 3. Områdebeskrivelse ....................................................................................... 12 3.1 Tyrifjorden .......................................................................................... 12 3.2 Tilførselselvene til Tyrifjorden .................................................................. 14 3.3 Mulige kilder til PFAS i området ................................................................. 16 3.3.1 Industri ....................................................................................... 16 3.3.2 Deponier ..................................................................................... 16 3.3.3 Avløpsrenseanlegg .......................................................................... 16 3.3.4 Landbruk ..................................................................................... 18 3.3.5 Bruk av brannskum ......................................................................... 18 4. Resultater .................................................................................................. 19 4.1 Undersøke bidrag fra tilførselselvene .......................................................... 19 4.2 Avgrensning av kildeområdet og prøvetaking av kilder ...................................... 22 4.2.1 Industri ....................................................................................... 24 4.2.2 Avløpsrenseanlegg .......................................................................... 36 4.2.3 Deponier ..................................................................................... 38 4.2.4 Jordbruk ...................................................................................... 50 4.2.5 Bruk av brannskum ......................................................................... 53 4.3 Undersøke forskjeller i PFAS-nivåer i fisk i ulike deler av Tyrifjorden ................... 63 4.4 Sedimentprøver i Tyrifjorden .................................................................... 68 4.4.1 Prøver av sedimenter ...................................................................... 68 4.4.2 Porevannsanalyser .......................................................................... 70 4.4.3 Sammenheng med resultater fra abborlever .......................................... 72 5. Konklusjon og videre anbefalinger .................................................................... 75 5.1 Konklusjoner av kildesporingsundersøkelsen .................................................. 75 5.2 Videre anbefalinger ................................................................................ 76 6. Referanser ................................................................................................. 77 7. Vedlegg ..................................................................................................... 80 7.1 Vedlegg A: Prøvetaking ............................................................................ 80 2 Kildesporing av PFAS til Tyrifjorden | M-863 7.1.1 Passive prøvetakere ........................................................................ 80 7.1.2 Vannprøver .................................................................................. 82 7.1.3 Jord-, sediment- og slamprøver ......................................................... 83 7.1.4 Prøver til porevannsanalyse .............................................................. 83 7.1.5 Biotaprøver .................................................................................. 83 7.2 Vedlegg B: Laboratoriemetoder ................................................................. 84 7.2.1 Passive prøvetakere ........................................................................ 84 7.2.2 Vannprøver .................................................................................. 85 7.2.3 Jord-, sediment- og slamprøver ......................................................... 86 7.2.4 Prøver til porevannsanalyse .............................................................. 87 7.2.5 Biotaprøver .................................................................................. 88 7.3 Vedlegg C: Kjemisk komponentliste ............................................................ 89 7.4 Vedlegg D: Analyseoriginaler ..................................................................... 92 7.4.1 Prøver med rapporteringsdato 2017-04-24 ............................................. 92 7.4.2 Prøver med rapporteringsdato 2017-05-19 ............................................ 104 7.4.3 Prøver med rapporteringsdato 2017-06-21 ............................................ 130 7.4.4 Prøver med rapporteringsdato 2017-08-30 ............................................ 136 7.4.5 Prøver med rapporteringsdato 2017-09-11 ............................................ 142 7.4.6 Prøver med rapporteringsdato 2017-09-20 ............................................ 188 7.4.7 Prøver med rapporteringsdato 2017-10-04 ............................................ 239 3 Kildesporing av PFAS til Tyrifjorden | M-863 Extended summary The Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) has conducted a study to identify the emission sources of PFOS and other per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFAS) in Tyrifjorden, on behalf of the Norwegian Environmental Agency. In an earlier study, perch liver samples from the Tyrifjorden were reported to have high concentrations of PFOS, but the origin of this contamination was not identified. Therefore the aim of this study was to identify and investigate the source of PFAS contamination in the area. The surrounding area of Tyrifjorden contains urban, industrial and rural areas, which could contain several point and diffuse emission source of PFAS. Possible point sources in the area include industries and municipal waste water treatment facilities (WWTPs). Diffuse emission sources include fire-training facilities that have or are still using PFAS containing products, landfills and agricultural land throughout the surrounding watershed, in which PFAS-containing sludges were used as fertilizer, as these can spread PFAS through surface run-off or via groundwater. The first part of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation to identify potential point and diffuse sources surrounding Tyrifjorden, including industrial areas, WWTPS, landfills, fire- training facilities and agricultural regions. After the preliminary investigation to identify the most likely sources, a sampling campaign was conducted to confirm whether or not PFAS was present or being emitted from these sources. In addition, perch from different areas in Tyrifjorden were sampled to look at the variation of PFAS-concentration in liver within the different areas. Sediments and porewater from Tyrifjorden have also been sampled. The conclusions from the sampling campaign of each selected source area is briefly summarized. There is a degree of uncertainty to the concentration levels and the amounts of PFAS that are released to the environment, as conclusions are not based on integrated sampling, but single samples. The closed down industrial site at Viul: Since 1964 until 2013, a facility at the industrial site at Viul produced diverse disposable paper products (bowls, cups, etc.). Water and sediments in a river running by the factory area were found to have elevated PFAS concentrations, and therefore is a substantial source