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Az Rbaycan Møllø Elml R Akademøyasi Tarøx AZRBAYCAN MLL ELMLR AKADEMYASI TARX NSTTUTU ELM SRLR 2016, cild 61 SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF THE INSTITUTE OF HISTORY NAS OF AZERBAIJAN 2016, volume 61 XVYJa 2016, 61 1947-ci ildn Nr olunur Azrbaycan Milli Elmlr Akademiyas ..Bakxanov adna Tarix nstitutu Elmi urasnn Qrar il çap olunur Ba redaktor: Yaqub MAHMUDOV -nn müxbir üzvü Redaksiya heyti: Akad. NailĽ VLXANLI, akad. Teymur BÜNYADOV, akad. smayl HACIYEV, AMEA-nn müxbir üzvü Nrgiz AXUNDOVA, fil.ü.f.d. Sbin ALMMMDOVA, dilĽ AABYOVA, t.ü.f.d. Nrgiz AXUNDOVA, t.ü.e.d. rad BAIROVA, t.ü.f.d. Cbi BHRAMOV (ba redaktor müavini), t.ü.e.d., prof. Hsn LBYL, t.ü.f.d. rad LYEVA (msul katib), t.ü.f.d. Sevinc LYEVA, t.ü.f.d. Allahverdi LMRZYEV, t.ü.e.d ahin FRZLYEV, t.ü.e.d. Qasm HACIYEV, t.ü.f.d. Hac HSNOV, r.ü.f.d. Mehri XANBABAYEVA, t.ü.e.d. dalt QASIMOV, t.ü.f.d. Nigar MAKSVELL, t.ü.f.d. Elmar MHRRMOV, t.ü.e.d. Tamilla MUSAYEVA, t.ü.e.d. Tofiq MUSTAFAZAD, t.ü.e.d. Natiq MMMļDZAD t.ü.f.d. Tofiq NCFL (ba redaktor müavini), t.ü.f.d. lqar NFTLYEV, t.ü.e.d. Mrym SEYDBYL, t.ü.e.d. Krim ÜKÜROV ISBN 978-9952-8268-9-0 © AMEA Tarix nstitutu, 2016 MASQUTLAR - MÜSKÜRLÜLR V MSQT YAAYI YER HAQQINDA TARX MLUMATLAR Taleh LYEV * Açar sözlr: massaget, masqut, müskürlü, hun, xzr : , , , , Keywords: massaget, masgut, muskurlu, hun, khazar Qafqaz Albaniyasnn razisind yaayan v alban ordusunun trki- bind özünmxsus yer tutan tayfalardan biri masqutlar olmudur. Tarixin müxtlif mrhllrind mnblrd müxtlif adlarla xatrlanan masqutlar müasir müskürlülrin ulu cdadlar saylr. Antik dövrd massaget, ilk orta srlrd masqut, orta srlrd is müskürlü kimi tannmdr. Qafqaz Albaniyasnn Xzr sahillrindn Böyük Qafqaz dalarnn orta dalq hisssin doru uzanan razid yaylan masqutlar Samur çay il Vlvl- çay arasnda mskunlamdlar (Xrit 1). razi lverili tbii rait ma- lik olmaqla yana, tunc, erkn dmir, antik v ilk orta srlr, o cümldn sonrak dövrlr aid müxtlif tip yaay yerlri v qbir abidlri il d zngindir. Son dövrlrd bölgnin ErkĽn Tunc dövrü yaay msknlrind Kür-Araz mdniyytinin izlri tdqiq edilmidir. Xz rayonu razisind e.. III minilliyin ikinci yarsna aid Sitalçay kurqanlar arxeoloji qaznt ilri zaman öyrnilmidir [1. s.144]. Mollaburxantp abidsind aparl- m arxeoloji qaznt ilri Xaçmaz rayonu razisind Kür-Araz mdniy- ytinin izlrini üz çxarmaa imkan vermidir [2. s.109]. Abidnin üst t- bqsi ilk orta srlr aiddir. Quba rayonunun Xnalq kĽndind d Zanqar yaay yerind aparlm arxeoloji qaznt ilri nticsind Kür-Araz mdniyytin aid materiallar ld olunmudur [3. s.183-184]. Aberon rayonunun Türkan qsbsind yerln digr bir tunc dövrü yaay yeri e.. III minilliyin birinci yarsna aid edilmidir [4. s.197]. Qusar rayonu razisind d kurqanlar qeyd alnmdr. Tunc v Erkn Dmir dövrü * Taleh liyev - AMEA Arxeologiya v Etnoqrafiya nstitutunun böyük elmi içisi, tarix üzr flsf doktoru 3 Azrbaycan Milli Elmlr Akademiyas Tarix nstitutu abidlrinin tdqiqi razinin qdim tarixinin üz çxarlmasna imkan verckdir. Ümumiyytl, masqutlarn mnyi haqqnda müxtlif tdqiqatçlar müxtlif fikirlr irli sürmüdür. Masqutlar skif-sarmat tayfalarnn dava- m kimi göstrils d, qeyd edk ki, skiflr baqa bir tayfa, sarmatlar v massagetlr is tamamil frqli tayfalar olmular. Tdqiqatçlar arxeoloji materiallarn radiokarbon analizin sasn skif arxeoloji dövrünü aadak mrhllr bölürlr: Pre-skif dövrü (e.. IX-VII srlr), Erkn skif dövrü (e.. VII-VI srlr), Klassik skif dövrü (e.. V-IV srlr) [5. s.1085-1086]. Bzi tdqiqatçlar masqutlar sarmat-alanlarla laqlndirirlr. Lakin mĽnblr daha diqqtl baxdqda massagetlrin-masqutlarn frqli tayfa olduunu görmk mümkündür. Abbasqulu aa Bak xanov yazr: “Alan tayfas xüsusunda bu qdr mlumdur ki, onlar bu ölkĽnin (Alaniyann – T..) sakinlridir v xüusi padahlar olmudur. Alan v alban sözlrinin bir-birin bnzmsindn znn etmk olar ki, biri o birindn alnmdr. Albaniya rum dilind “alq” mnasnda olaraq azadla iardir. irvan v Dastan “Azadlar ölksi” ad il mhurdur. Ammian Martsellinin yazdna gör, Alan tayfas qdim massaget nĽslindn olmudur. Bunlar vvlc Tatarstandan glib Skif tay- fasn Xzr dnizinin rq sahillrindn qovaraq buralarda yerlmilr. Skif tayfas Atil çayndan keçib, Don il Tuna çaylar arasndak yerlri tut- mular. Onlar csartli, vhi xasiyytli v köçri olan müxtlif qbillr- dn ibart idilr. Cnub tarixçilri o trflrin bütün qdim sakinlrini Skif adlandrrlar. Herodot deyir ki, Skif gĽnclri v Amazon qzlarnn qarma- sndan Sarmat tayfas meydana çxmdr. Lakin Qatterer isbat edir ki, Sarmat tayfas sann anadan olmasndan 80 il vvl, Asiyadan Avropaya glib, Don çay trafnda Skif tayfas il qarmdr; get-ged Skif adndan çxb Sarmat ad il mhur olmudur. Alan tayfas da glib Sarmat taty- fasn mlub edrk onlarn yerlrin sahib olmudur. Alan tayfas mirprst dinind idilr. Qlnc yer sancb ona scd edirdilr. Bir çox adt v nnlri hun tayfas il bir idi. Prokopi Alan tayfasn Massaget nslindn v Böyük Get mnasnda olan Masage- ti d Get v ya Qotf nslindn hesab edir. 4 lmi srlr 61-ci cild Hzqil peymbrin kitabnda, 38-ci fsild, masoqlar Yafsin olu Masoq nslindn saylr. Bunlar imal-rq tayfalar arasnda m- hurdurlar. Ola bilsin ki, Masaget bu nsildn v ya Masoq nslindn say- lr. Degin “alan” sözünü “alin”, yni “dal” sözündn sayr. Massagetlr- dn bir tayfan qdim zamanda Altay dalarnda yaadqlar üçün bel adlandrmlar” [6. s.21-22]. Maraqldr ki, mlumatlarda ziddiyyt meydana glir. Bel ki, yuxarda sarmatlarla massagetlrin ayr tayfa olduu vuruland halda müllif alanlar massagetlrdn hesab edir. Arxeoloji qazntlar is sarmat- alan tipli materiallarn eyni tip tkil etdiyini v onlarn bir tayfa olduunu söylmy sas verir. Bel olan zaman massagetlrin daha çox sak v skif mnli olduu göz çarpr. Abbasqulu aa Bak xanov ayrca formada Massaget, abran v Müskür haqqnda yazr: “Massaget. Bu yer Tabasaran v Qumuq dalar- nn aa tĽrfinddir. halisi alanlar olub, sayca baqalarndan az idi. mirlri d Bütünah adlanrd. abran v Müskür. Bu yerlrd abran, Badad, Krkr hrlrini v axrnc hrin bir aaclnda Abad hrini; Müskürd Ksran h- rini, Drbndin üç aaclnda Sul v ya Sur hrini v bunlardan baqa sair hr v kndlri bina etdirdi. Fars halisindn bir qdrini köçürüb Müskür, Kür v Axtda yerldirdi. Öz sülalsindn onlara bir mir tyin etdi. Nuirvan bu qayda il ölk ilrini v srhdlrin mühafizsini möhkm bir surtd nizama salb geri qaytd...” [6. s.53]. Qeyd edk ki, irvanahlar XI-XIV srlrd idar etmi Ksranilr sülalsi d mnc Mzydilr qohum olmaqla yana Müskürd yerlmi Ksran mntq- sindn idi. Bu haqda A.A.Bakxanovun digr bir mlumatna diqqt yetirk: “Ycuc v Mcuc Yafs nslindn olub, imalda yaayan vhi v qart- kar tayfalardan ibartdir. Deyirlr ki, Ycuc türklrdn, Mcuc is da- llardandr. Bu mslni Tövratn tfsiri d tsdiq edib deyir: Skif tayfas, Yafsin olu Mcuc nslindn nt etmidir, bunlar Qafqaz dann t- yind sakindirlr; skiflrin burada Mcuc adl bir hri d var imi, ona Yaropol da deyrlrmi. Ycuc srail övladndan birinin addr; cadugrlr padahnn ad Ycuc idi. 5 Azrbaycan Milli Elmlr Akademiyas Tarix nstitutu Eronim v baqalarnn tfsirin gör, Mcuc Kaspi, yni Xzr dnizinin sahillri yaxnlnda, Ycuc is bunlardan daha uzaqda, imal- da yaayrlarm. Hr iki tayfa skif hesab olunur...” [6. s.46]. Tomiris adl rhbrlri il birlikd hmnilr qar uurlu müba- riz aparan massagetlr haqqnda Herodot yazr: “Kir babillilr üzrind qalib gldikdn sonra massagetlri öz hakimiyyti altna alma arzulayr- d. ndi massagetlr böyük döyükn xalqdr, rq topraqlarnda – günin doduu yer qdr, Oaks çayndan yuxarda, issedonlarn ks trfind yaayrlar. Onlar skit irqin aid edilirlr” [7. s.304; 308]. Massagetlr hmnilr dövründ Mrkzi Asiyann n güclü sak qbillrindn ol- maqla Srdrya v Amudrya arasnda balqçlqla mul idilr [15. s.58- 60] (Xrit 2). Skiflrin özünün d mnyi haqqnda tdqiqatçlar onlarn irandilli v türkdilli olma haqqnda mülahizlr söylyir. Maraqldr ki, B.Miller v V..Abayevin tdqiqatlarnda skif mĽnli Tarqtay adnn irandilli “plng güclü” anlamnda olduu bildirilir [8. s.24]. Hmçinin, Hung (Avestada Haouanha) il eynildirilir [8. s.25; 9. s.120]. Z.Q.Hsnov is bu adlarn altay mĽnli olduu qnatinddir [8. s.27]. Lipaksay, Arpaksay v Kolaksay isimlri Avesta mnli “hsay” sonluu il laqlndirilrk “icra edn”, “idar edn” mnasnda olduu V..Abayev trfindn irli sürülmüdür [8. s.44]. Z.Q.Hsnov skif etnonimlrinin irandilli olmadn qeyd edir [8. s.45]. O, skif-iquz etnonimini miladdan öncĽki ouz miqrasiyas kimi göstrir v Drbnddn Aberona qdr, oradan da cnuba doru geni bir arealda yayldn söylyir [8. s.129]. Alan qaplar il Alban qaplarnn yerin gldikd, V.A.Livits onlar haql olaraq frqlndirir. Nqi-Rüstmd hkk olunmu Sasani yaz- larnda da bu aydn seçilir. Dar [i] alanan – Alan qaplar kimi vurulanr [10. s.86]. Sk’n kimi qeyd olunan razi is çox güman ki, sak (saknm) – massagetlr haqqndadr [10. s.87]. Elc d, A.A.Bakxanovun Alan v Alban sözlrinin bir-birindn alnmasn söylmsi d yaln fikirdir. Aydn mĽsldir ki, hr iki tayfa Qafqazda yaayan müxtlif xalq olmudur. Mlum oldu/u kimi parfiyallar Transqafqaz keçidi il sarmat halisi il laqlr saxlayrd. Hmçinin, alanlarn 35, 73 v 135-ci illrd Albani- yadan keçrk Atropatena v Parfiyaya hücumlar olmudur [11. s.89-90]. 6 lmi srlr 61-ci cild Dastanda Andreyaul, Tarki, BuynakkĽnd, QarabudaqkĽnd, Pir- nan, Urtsek, Sumbatlin v Srtc da qutu qbirlrind M.A.Bakev tr- findn alban-sarmat mrhlsin aid ediln arxeoloji materiallar ld edil- midir [12. s.46]. C.A.Xlilov sarmat qbirlrind od ünsürünün rolunun olduqca böyük olduunu yazr [12. s.18]. Antik dövrün sonu v ilk orta srlrin balancna aid alban-sarmat dövrü antropomorf fiqurlar maraq dourur [16. s.222]. Bütün bunlar albanlarla sarmatlarn laqlrindn x- br verir. Lakin masqutlar tamamil frqli tayfa olmaqla sarmatlardan frqli olaraq raziy hücum v ya ticart mqsdi il deyil, mskunlamaq mqsdi il miqrasiya etmilr. Masqut razisi Qafqaz Albaniyasnn Çola vilayti il üst-üst dü- ür. Çola hrinin yaln olaraq iran mĽnli ad olduu qnatin glnlr var [13. s.248]. Lakin toponimin mĽnc türk dillrinin qrb qoluna mĽx- sus olmas aydn nzr çarpr.
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