Support in the Delineation And

European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+): Results 2 and 3

ENI/2016/372-403

SUPPORT IN THE DELINEATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GROUNDWATER BODIES AND THE DESIGN OF A GROUNDWATER MONITORING NETWORK IN THE KURA UPPER MINGACHEVIR WATER RESERVOIR RIVER BASIN DISTRICT IN AZERBAIJAN

N EUWI-EAST-AZ-04; December 2018

Responsible EU member state consortium project leader

Michael Sutter, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) EUWI+ country representative in Azerbaijan

Rafig Verdiyev Responsible international thematic lead expert Christoph Leitner, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Responsible Azerbaijani thematic lead expert

Rasim Mammadov (Complex Hydrogeological Expedition Service of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan)

Authors

Vafadar Ismayilov and Clean Country LLC

Disclaimer: The EU-funded program European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+ 4 EaP) is implemented by the UNECE, OECD, responsible for the implementation of Result 1 and an EU member state consortium of Austria, managed by the lead coordinator Umweltbundesamt, and of France, managed by the International Office for Water, responsible for the implementation of Result 2 and 3. This document, the technical report “SUPPORT IN THE DELINEATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GROUNDWATER BODIES AND THE DESIGN OF A GROUNDWATER MONITORING NETWORK IN THE KURA UPPER MINGACHEVIR WATER RESERVOIR RIVER BASIN DISTRICT IN AZERBAIJAN”, was produced by the EU member state consortium with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union or the Govern- ments of the Eastern Partnership Countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of, or sovereignty over, any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries, and to the name of any territory, city or area.

Imprint

Owner and Editor: EU Member State Consortium Umweltbundesamt GmbH Office International de l’Eau (IOW) Spittelauer Lände 5 21/23 rue de Madrid 1090 Vienna, Austria 75008 Paris, France

Responsible IOW Communication officer: Yunona Videnina [email protected]

December 2018

Groundwater bodies and groundwater monitoring network Final Report in the Upper Kura River Basin District - Azerbaijan

CONTENTS

1 Executive summary ...... 7 2 Introduction and scope ...... 10 3 Specific Guidance on bodies of groundwater ...... 12 4 Groundwater bodies in the Kura upper Mingachevir reservoir basin district within Azerbaijan Republic ...... 17 4.1 Summary description of the River Basin District ...... 17 4.2 Summary description of the groundwater bodies in the River Basin District ...... 20 4.3 Characterization of groundwater bodies ...... 23 4.3.1 Upper‐Middle Quaternary Aquifers (Temporary Code G100) ...... 28 4.3.2 Upper‐Middle Quaternary Aquifers (Temporary Code G101) ...... 28 4.3.3 Eluvial‐Diluvial‐Proluvial Aquifers (Temporary Code G200) ...... 30 4.3.4 Lower Quaternary‐Upper Pliocene aquifers (Temporary Code G300) ...... 31 4.3.5 Quaternary (Alluvial) Aquifers (Temporary Code G400) ...... 31 4.3.6 Neocene (Absheron And Agjagil) Aquifers (Temporary Code G500) ...... 31 4.3.7 Mesozoic (Jurassic‐Cretaceous)Aquifers (Temporary Code G600) ...... 32 4.3.8 Mesozoic (Jurassic‐Cretaceous) aquifers (temporary code G601) ...... 32 4.3.9 Mesozoic (Jurassic‐Cretaceous) Aquifers (Temporary Code G602) ...... 34 4.3.10 Significant human pressures and associated potential chemical pollutants ...... 36 4.4 Upper‐Middle Quaternary aquifers (Temporary Code G100) ...... 36 4.4.1 3.4.2. Upper‐Middle Quaternary aquifers (Temporary Code G101) ...... 38 4.4.2 Eluvial‐Diluvial‐Proluvial Aquifers (Temporary Code G200) ...... 44 4.4.3 3.4.4. Lower Quaternary‐Upper Pliocene Aquifers (Temporary Code G300) ...... 44 4.4.4 3.4.5. Quaternary (Alluvial) Aquifers and Neocene (Absheron and Agjagil) Aquifers (Temporary Code G400 and G500) ...... 49 4.4.5 3.4.6. Mesozoic (Jurassic‐Cretaceous) Aquifers (Temporary Code G600) ...... 49 4.4.6 3.4.7 Mesozoic (Jurassic‐Cretaceous) Aquifers (Temporary Code G601) ...... 51 4.4.7 3.4.8. Mesozoic (Jurassic‐Cretaceous) Aquifers (Temporary Code G602) ...... 51 4.5 Uncertainties, open issues and data / information gaps ...... 53 5 Existing groundwater monitoring network ...... 54 5.1 Summary description of the required groundwater monitoring situation ...... 54 5.2 Inventory of existing monitoring sites ...... 54 5.3 Uncertainties, open issues and data / information gaps ...... 61 6 Conclusions and lessons learned...... 62 7 Bibliography ...... 63 8 Annex 1: List and maps of groundwater bodies in the Kura Upper Mingachevir Reservoir Basin District ...... 64

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9 Annex 2: Characterisation of groundwater bodies in the Kura Upper Mingachevir Reservoir Basin District ...... 70 10 Annex 3: List of groundwater monitoring sites in the Kura Upper Mingachevir Reservoir Basin District ...... 88 11 Annex 4: Overview of produced GIS layers and datasets ...... 148 12 Annex 5: Roadmap as implemented ...... 151 13 Annex 6: Maximum allow concentration pollutant norm ...... 153

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List of Tables Table 1. Permanent number of population (thousand person) on administrative regions (Source: State Statictical Commeeti) ...... 19 Table 2. Preliminary identified GWB ...... 25 Table 3. Results of Ground Water quality analyses from JFS by EPIRB project...... 37 Table 4. Number of population (in thousand) ...... 39 Table 5. Household and drinking water use, million m3...... 39 Table 6. İrrigation agriculture water use, million m3...... 40 Table 7. Agricultured lands, ha ...... 40 Table 8. Livestock, unit ...... 41 Table 9. Industrial production (in thousand AZNt) ...... 41 Table 10. Amount of waste waters, million m3...... 43 Table 11. Volume of produced annual solid waste, thousand m3 ...... 43 Table 12. Number of population thousands...... 44 Table 13. Water abstraction from natural sources, million m3...... 45 Table 14. Total utilised amount of water, million m3...... 45 Table 15. Household and drinking water use, million m3...... 46 Table 16. Water use for industrial production, million m3...... 46 Table 17. İrrigation agriculture water use, million m3...... 46 Table 18. Water lost during transfer, million m3...... 47 Table 19. Polluted waste waters, million m3...... 47 Table 20. Solid waste, thousand m3...... 47 Table 21. Agricultural lands, ha ...... 48 Table 22. Livestock, unit ...... 48 Table 23. Polluted waste waters, million m3...... 49 Table 24. Water abstraction from natural sources, million m3...... 50 Table 25. Agriculture lands, ha ...... 50 Table 26. Water abstraction from natural sources, million m3...... 51 Table 27. Total utilized amount of water, million m3...... 52 Table 28. İrrigation agriculture water use, million m3...... 52 Table 29. Household and drinking water use, million m3...... 52 Table 30. İndustrial production, million m3...... 52 Table 31. Agricultured lands, ha ...... 53 Table 32. Livestock, unit ...... 53 Table 33. List of monitoring sites ...... 55 Table 34. Groundwater monitoring parameters and frequency ...... 59 Table 35. Proposed groundwater monitoring network ...... 60 Table 36. Preliminary identified GWB ...... 62

List of Figures Figure 1: Map of Kura basin district upstream Mingachevir dam in Azerbaijan ...... 17 Figure 2: Map of population density ...... 19 Figure 3: Schematic hydrogeological map ...... 24 Figure 4: Map of delineated groundwater bodies ...... 26 Figure 5: Map of delineated groundwater bodies and number of population ...... 27 Figure 6: Map of groundwater monitoring network ...... 61

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Abbreviations CIS ...... Common Implementation Strategy of the European Union on the Water Framework Directive and the Floods Directive EaP ...... Eastern Partnership EC ...... European Commission EECCA ...... Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia EPIRB ...... Environmental Protection of International River Basins EU ...... European Union EU-MS ...... EU-Member States EUWI+ ...... European Union Water Initiative Plus GIS ...... Geographic information system GW ...... Groundwater GWB ...... Groundwater body GWL ...... Groundwater level IOWater/OIEau .... International Office for Water, France IWRM ...... Integrated Water Resources Management kf ...... Hydraulic conductivity NGOs ...... Non-Governmental Organisations OECD ...... Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development PAH ...... Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PCE ...... Tetrachloroethylene pH ...... Quantitative measure of the acidity or basicity of liquid solutions RBC ...... River Basin Council RBD ...... River Basin District RBMP ...... River Basin Management Plan RBO ...... River Basin Organisation SCM ...... Steering Committee Meeting (of the EU Action EUWI+) SWB ...... Surface water body T ...... Transmissivity TCE ...... Trichloroethylene UBA ...... Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Environment Agency Austria UNDP ...... United Nations Development Programme UNECE ...... United Nations Economic Commission for Europe WISE ...... Water Information System for Europe WFD ...... Water Framework Directive

Country Specific Abbreviations Azerbaijan Azersu JSC ...... JSC Water Supply and Sanitation of Azerbaijan MENR ...... Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources WRSA ...... Water Resources State Agency of Ministry of Emergency Situations

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1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

One of tasks under the RBMP related component is delineation of surface and ground water bodies. Within the framework of EUWI+, project team and beneficiary organization have selected The Kura River basin upper Mingachevir Reservoir Dam as a pilot area for RBMP development. The Kura river upper Mingachevir basin district is located in the area upper Mingachevir dam. The dam serves to include hydroelectric power production and water storage for irrigation. Main rivers feeding Mingachevir reservoir are transboundary with Georgia rivers Ganikh (Alazan), Gabirri (Iori) and Kura. The population of Central Kura sub basin region is 1161,40 thousand persons, which is 11,7% of the total population of Azerbaijan. The population of Ganikh river a sub basin is 467,30 thousand accordingly, which is 4,72% of the total population of Azerbaijan. The approach used for delineation of groundwater bodies in the pilot river basins is based on the EU Water Framework Directive and its guidelines. The work on identification and delineation has been done by GIS Expert Vafadar Ismayilov according to guidances by thematic project experts Christoph Leitner, Scheidleder Andreas and other related groundwater specialist of the Environment Agency Austria (UBA). The author of this Report is Vafadar Ismayilov and would like to extend gratitude to a list of groundwater and GIS experts from the National Complex Hydrogeological Expedition Service of Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources, Republic of Azerbaijan, Rasim Mamamdov, Elchin, Siyah From Sci- entific Research Hydromeloration Institute. Article 7 requires the identification of all groundwater bodies used, or intended to be used, for the abstraction of more than 10 m³ of drinking water a day as an average. By implication, this volume could be regarded as a significant quantity of groundwater. Geological strata capable of permitting such levels of abstraction (even only locally) would therefore qualify as aquifers. The delineation of bodies of groundwater must ensure that the relevant objectives of the Directive can be achieved. This does not mean that a body of groundwater must be delineated so that it is homoge- neous in terms of its natural characteristics, or the concentrations of pollutants or level alterations within it. However, bodies should be delineated in a way that enables an appropriate description of the quantitative and chemical status of groundwater. Methodological basis for identification and delineation of groundwater bodies was provided by WFD CIS Guidance Documents. The geological boundaries of aquifers were defined and their hydrodynamic differences and hydro chemical varieties were evaluated. Subdivision of aquifers into unmanageable number of water bodies was considered and small groundwater bodies with similar characteristics were grouped. Temporary codes and names were assigned to preliminary identified groundwater bodies. The following main hydrogeological units (aquifers) in Kura River basin upper Mingachevir Reservoir Dam Pilot Area have been analyzed for groundwater body delineation:

1. Upper‐Middle Quaternary aquifers (Q3‐4) – in pebbles, gravel and sand, with interlayers of clay and loam;

3 2. Lower Quaternary‐Upper Pliocene aquifers (Q2 ‐Q1) – in gravels, sands, clays, loams;

2 4 3. Eluvial‐diluvial‐proluvial aquifers (edpQ4-epdQ1 -epdQ3 ) – in gravels, sands, clays and loams with debris material;

4. Alluvial aquifers (aQ4) – in gravels filled with sand and riverstones;

5. Neocene aquifers (N1+N2) – in conglomerates, sandstones, sand, graves, clay and limestone;

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6. Upper‐Lower Cretaceous aquifers (K1‐K2) – in sandstones, limestones, tuffs, tuff‐breccias, porphyrites, tuff gravelites, aleurolites, conglomerates, marls,etc.

7. Upper‐Middle Jurassic aquifers(J2‐3,K2) – in volcanic porphyrites and their tuffs, tuff‐sandstones, quartz porphyrites and their tuffs (1500–2000 m thick sedimentlayer); 8. Local aquifer in low‐water‐bearing intrusive rocks (γ) – in fractured granites, granodiorites and diorites.

These aquifers have been analysed, their hydrochemical and hydrodynamic characteristics compared, and certain smaller aquifers have been grouped so as to avoid unmanageable subdivision. As a result, bodies of groundwater have been preliminarily identified. Identified bodies have been mapped. The following Section contains the results from initial characterisation and preliminary classification of identified GWB. A total of nine groundwater bodies (GWB G‐100–602) have been preliminary identified and delineated in the upstream of Mingachevir reservoir dump. Seven groundwater bodies have been identified in confined aquifers, and two GWB delineated in unconfined aquifers. All deep groundwater bodies (except for local aquifers in intrusive rocks and shallow ground waters are used for drinking, agricultural and/or industrial water supply with abstraction of over 10 m³/d. All groundwater bodies are of good chemical and quantitative status. The shallow groundwaters (interflow) have some local pollution and can be salty because of entering of salty waters from washing of clay solids. It should be noted that volumes of shallow groundwaters are very limited and in many cases they exist for a short period and are fed by seasonal snow melting and during rainfall and then dry in result of evaporation or spreading in large area. Therefore they aren’t used for drinking water purposes. They don’t have interface with surface water. Since these temporary shallow groundwaters are no groundwater bodies according to the definition of the Water Framework Di- rective no delineation was made for them. Below pressures are identical for almost all of shallow ground waters in Kura Upstream of Mingachevir Reservoir pilot basin in areas impacted by population and agriculture:

 Water abstraction for irrigation  Waste waters from households  Deforestation  Solid waste disposal  Impact through pollution of rivers by human activities  Pollution by pesticides and fertilisers from agriculture The monitoring of groundwater level, flow quality and temperature in the Azerbaijani sector of the Kur- Araz river basin has been conducted since the 40s -50s years of the 20th century. The monitoring system covers almost all hydrogeological regions associated with foothill plains and depressions and em- braces wells, springs and kahrizes. The monitoring involves:

 Groundwater level, output and temperature – 3 times per months;  Groundwater quality – 1-2 times per year. Same monitoring sites are used to assess groundwater quality, level, yield and temperature. In case of detection of local pollution, frequency of monitoring is increased up to daily.

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Existing about 98 monitoring network (52 in Central Kura and over 40 in Ganikh sub basins boreholes) will be sufficient for the quantitative and surveillance monitoring if all monitoring wells are working properly. Inventory of the network is needed before the establishment of the WFD compliant monitoring programmes. Chemical parameters, such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, electric conductivity; total dissolved solids, etc. have to be measured in the field at the well. Monitoring wells must be properly purged before collecting groundwater samples. The Complex Hydrogeological Expedition according to annually approved plans shall conduct surveillance (national) monitoring of groundwater. General chemical parameters (main cations and anions, nutrients) which characterize groundwater chemical status and quality formed under the natural conditions and anthropogenic impacts shall be analyzed in groundwater samples at least two times a year. Specific chemical components, like organic compounds and pesticides, with usually very low concentrations shall be monitored once in six years, and trace elements shall monitored once in a two year period in wells where these components are likely to be detected. If budget for groundwater monitoring is not sufficient annual rotation of sampling wells may be recommended. We think that proposed by EPIRB project /www.blacksea-riverbasins.net/ groundwater-monitoring program can be extended to entire Kura Upstream of Mingachevir Dam pilot basin. It should be noted that currently there is no full reliable data to assess status of ground water bodies by their use, excluding those conducted in Central Kura basin by EPIRB project. It would be important based on inventory of existing in Ganikh river basin monitoring sites to identify sites where rehabilitation work is needed or propose new ones and then with the operational monitoring network to start collecting data according to proposed program There will be need to assess status of all existing in Ganikh river basin monitoring sites, select more representative ones for quantitative and surveillance monitoring and assess their status to see if any rehabilitation work is needed.

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2 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE

The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires identification of groundwater bodies as part of the analysis of river basin districts. Groundwater body is the management unit, necessary for the subdivision of large aquifers into smaller sub‐units. Subdivision is necessary to facilitate groundwater management. From one aquifer to another, or even within the same aquifer, groundwater conditions may vary, as well as anthropogenic pressures on the qualitative and quantitative status of ground waters. Subdivision allows the development of targeted management plans, adjusted to the specific conditions of groundwater units. On the other hand, it is important to work with a manageable number of water bodies. Excessive sub‐ division of water bodies should be avoided in order to reduce the administrative burden of management and the cost of groundwater monitoring. Previously by EPIRB Project groundwater bodies have been identified and delineated in the selected pilot basins of Central Kura river basin district – Agstafachay, Tovuzchay, Shamkirchay and Ganjachay river basins (Azerbaijan). Within the framework of EUWI+, project team and beneficiary organization have selected The Kura River basin upper Mingachevir Reservoir Dam as a pilot area for RBMP development. The Kura river upper Mingachevir basin district is located in the area upper Mingachevir dam, which is an earth-fill embankment dam (the length of the dam is 1,550 metres, its width is 16 metres and height is 80 m) on the Kura River just north the city of of Mingachevir in Azerbaijan. The dam serves to include hydroelectric power production and water storage for irrigation. Mingachevir reservoir, behind the dam, supplies water to the Upper Qarabag and Upper Shirvan Chan- nels which help irrigate about 1,000,000 ha (2,500,000 acres) of farmland in the country. The reservoir was built on a section of Kura River flowing through Mount Bozdağ in 1953. The filling capacity of the reservoir is 83 m whereas the volume is 15.73 km³ and covering 605 km². The length is 70 km and width is 18 km. Maximum depth is 75 m, average depth - 26 m. Main rivers feeding Mingachevir reservoir are transboundary with Georgia rivers Ganikh (Alazan), Gabiri (Iori) and Kura. The main sectors of economy are agriculture, food processing and light industry and handicraft. The region is rich of such natural minerals as iron ore, copper, gold, silver, aluminum, limestone, marble, gypsum, cement, etc. Especially iron ore and gold resources in Dashkasan, aluminium minerals in Zey- lik, limestone in Khoshbulag and gold, silver and copper in Gadabay are of economic importance. The part of the Kura River flowing through the region has abundant hydro energy recourses. The economic region also has natural-recreational recourses. The main mineral resources of the area are sulfuric pyrites, cobalt, barite, iron ore, alunit, stone marble, gypsum, zeolite, bentonite, crude cement, gold, copper, limestone. This is the second industrial region in the Republic. The region is sharing 12 – 13 % of industrial production in Azerbaijan. Agriculture plays an important role in social-economic development of the region as more than 50% of the residents of Ganja-Gazakh economic rayon live in villages. Therefore more than 40% of the overall productivity of the region is based on the agriculture. By the information of State Statistic Committee of Azerbaijan Republic total water resources of pilot area are 1.2 -1.4 billion m3. Water abstraction in the pilot region was about 1131 million m³ in 2013 of which around 150 million m3 was lost during transportation and 877,4 million m³ has been used for different sectors/1/ The total volume of waste waters produced in residential settlements of the pilot river basin is about 50,0 million m3. There are big differences in elevation, temperature and precipitation from the high mountains in the northeast to the alluvial plains in the southwest. These differences are reflected in similar big differences

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in the natural vegetation in the Ganikh basin. From northeast (high mountains) to southwest (alluvial plain) the natural vegetation changes from mountain tundra via alpine meadows, oak and hornbeam forests to meadow plants mixed with bushes. The population of Central Kura sub basin region is 1161,40 thousand persons, which is 11,7% of the total population of Azerbaijan. The population of Ganikh river a sub basin is 467,30 thousand accordingly, which is 4,72% of the total population of Azerbaijan. The approach used for delineation of groundwater bodies in the pilot river basins is based on the EU Water Framework Directive and its guidelines. The work on identification and delineation has been done by GIS Expert Vafadar Ismayilov according to guidance by thematic project experts Christoph Leitner, Scheidleder Andreas and other related groundwater specialist of the Environment Agency Austria (UBA). The author of this Report is Vafadar Ismayilov and would like to extend gratitude to a list of groundwater and GIS experts from the National Complex Hydrogeological Expedition Service of Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources, Republic of Azerbaijan, Rasim Mamamdov, Elchin, Siyah from Sci- entific Research Hydromeloration Institute.

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3 SPECIFIC GUIDANCE ON BODIES OF GROUNDWATER

Definitions The application of the term body of groundwater must be understood in the context of the hierarchy of relevant definitions provided under Article 2 of the Directive. Article 2.2: Groundwater means all water, which is below the surface of the ground in the saturated zone and in direct contact with the ground or subsoil; Article 2.11: Aquifer means a subsurface layer or layers of rock or other geological strata of sufficient porosity and permeability to allow either a significant flow of groundwater or the abstraction of significant quantities of groundwater; Article 2.12: Body of groundwater means a distinct volume of groundwater within an aquifer or aquifers.

A body of groundwater must be within an aquifer or aquifers. However, not all groundwater is necessarily within an aquifer.

The environmental objectives of preventing deterioration and of protecting, enhancing and restoring good groundwater status apply only to bodies of groundwater. However, all groundwater is subject to the objectives of preventing or limiting inputs of pollutants and reversing any significant and sustained upward trend in the concentration of any pollutant.

Aquifers As a consequence of the hierarchy of definitions, the suggested first step in the identification of bodies of groundwater requires a general interpretation of the term aquifer, in respect what constitutes a significant flow of groundwater and what volume of abstraction would qualify as a significant quantity. Significant flow

The significance of groundwater flow should be understood in the context of the purpose and provisions of the Directive. Accordingly, a significant flow of groundwater is one that, were it from reaching an associated surface water body or a directly dependant terrestrial ecosystem, would result in a significant diminution in the ecological or chemical quality of that surface water body or significant damage to the directly dependent terrestrial ecosystems.

A key purpose of the Directive is to prevent further deterioration of, and protect and enhance the status of aquatic ecosystems, and with regard to their water needs, terrestrial ecosystems directly depending on aquatic ecosystems. The objective of protecting and restoring good groundwater status is designed to help achieve this purpose. It applies to all bodies of groundwater. Consequently, to ensure that the purpose of the Directive can be achieved, the definition of significant flow must encompass all groundwater flow that is important to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Geological strata that permit such flow should therefore qualify as aquifers

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Abstraction of significant quantities of groundwater

Article 7 requires the identification of all groundwater bodies used, or intended to be used, for the abstraction of more than 10 m³ of drinking water a day as an average. By implication, this volume could be regarded as a significant quantity of groundwater. Geological strata capable of permitting such levels of abstraction (even only locally) would therefore qualify as aquifers.

If either of the criteria described in below Paragraphs are satisfied, the geological strata should be regarded as an aquifer. Most geological strata would be expected to qualify as aquifers as most supply or are intended to supply 10 m³ a day as an average or could serve 50 or more people. However, it is clear that the requirements are different as regards those groundwater bodies which are being used or are intended to be used for drinking water abstraction and those bodies where groundwater is abstracted for other uses. For the latter, not all groundwater bodies would be identified. The criteria in Annex II 2.3 specify, that only those groundwater bodies must be addressed “which cross the boundary between two or more Member States or are identified as being at risk of failing to meet the objectives set for each body under Article 4/2/

The Directive’s definition of aquifer requires two criteria to be considered in determining whether geological strata qualify as aquifers. If either of the criteria is met, the strata will constitute an aquifer or aquifers. In practice, the criteria mean that nearly all groundwater in the Community would be expected to be within aquifers.

Delineation of bodies of groundwater The Directive’s definition of the term body of groundwater does not provide explicit Guidance on how bodies should be delineated. The delineation of bodies of groundwater must ensure that the relevant objectives of the Directive can be achieved. This does not mean that a body of groundwater must be delineated so that it is homoge- neous in terms of its natural characteristics, or the concentrations of pollutants or level alterations within it. However, bodies should be delineated in a way that enables an appropriate description of the quantitative and chemical status of groundwater.

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The delineation of bodies of groundwater should ensure that groundwater quantitative status can be reliably assessed. In some circumstances, quantitative status may be determined using long-term monitoring data. In other cases, an estimation of the available groundwater resource will require a water balance calculation (see WFD CIS Guidance Document No. 7- Chapter 4)/3/. Delineating bodies of groundwater in such a way that any groundwater flow from one groundwater body to another (a) is so minor that it can be ignored in water balance calculations; or (b) can be estimated with adequate preci- sion will facilitate the assessment of quantitative status. Member States will need to take into account the particular characteristics of their aquifers when delineating bodies of groundwater. For example, the flow characteristics of some geological strata, such as karst and fractured bedrock, are much more complex and difficult to predict than others. The delineation of water bodies should therefore be regarded as an iterative process, refined over time to the extent needed to adequately assess and manage risks to the achievement of the Directive’s objectives. It may also be the case that there is substantial flow between strata with very different characteristics (e.g. karst and sandstone). The properties of these different strata may mean that they require very different management approaches to achieve the objectives of the Directive. In such cases, Member States may wish to delineate water body boundaries that coincide with the boundaries between the strata. In doing so, Member States should ensure that their ability to adequately assess quantitative status is not compromised. Geological boundaries Bearing in mind the above, the starting point for identifying the geographical boundaries of a groundwater body should be geological boundaries to flow, unless the description of status and the effective achievement of the Directive’s environmental objectives for groundwater require sub-division into smaller groundwater bodies. Other hydraulic boundaries Sub-divisions of an aquifer or aquifers that cannot be based on geological boundaries should be based initially on groundwater highs or, where necessary, on groundwater flow lines. Taking account of differences in status The objectives for bodies of groundwater, and the measures required to achieve them, depend on the existing status of the bodies. The bodies should be units of one chemical and one quantitative status that can be characterized and managed to allow the effective achievement of the Directive’s objectives. Major changes in the status of groundwater should therefore be taken into account when delineating groundwater body boundaries to ensure that, as far as practical, water bodies provide for an accurate description of groundwater status. In doing so, Member States should bear in mind the need to ensure that groundwater quantitative status can be reliably assessed. Where status is consistent, large bodies of groundwater may be delineated. Where status differences are reduced during a planning cycle, Mem- ber States may recombine subdivisions of groundwater of the same status for the purposes of subse- quent planning cycles. However, water bodies must at least be fixed for each plan period. Initially, Member States will not have sufficient information to accurately define the status of groundwater. Consequently, especially during the period prior to the publication of the first River Basin Manage- ment Plan, it may be appropriate to use the analysis of pressures and impactsas an indicator of status. As understanding of status improves, the boundaries of groundwater bodies should be reviewed as part of the analyses required under Article 5 prior to the publication of each river basin management plan. It is clearly possible to progressively subdivide the groundwater in aquifers into smaller and smaller units and thereby create significant logistical burdens. However, it is not possible to define a universally ap- plicable scale below which subdivision is inappropriate.

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The degree of subdivision of groundwater into bodies of groundwater is a matter for Members States to decide on the basis of the particular characteristics of their River Basin Districts. In making such deci- sions, it will be necessary for Member States to balance the requirement to adequately describe groundwater status with the need to avoid the fragmentation of aquifers into unmanageable numbers of water bodies

Sub-division of aquifers into bodies of groundwater using hydraulic boundaries

Upper and lower boundaries to bodies of groundwater Groundwater bodies should be delineated in three dimensions. The depth of groundwater within an aquifer or aquifers that needs to be protected and, where necessary, enhanced through its inclusion in a body of ground water should depend on the risks to the Directive’s objectives. This is a matter for Member States to decide based on their assessments of groundwater characteristics and the risks to the Directive’s objectives. It should be noted that all groundwater is subject to the ‘prevent or limit’ objective whether or not it is identified as being part of a body of groundwater. Although most pressures will affect the relatively shallow component of a groundwater flow, groundwater flow at depth can still be important to surface ecosystems - even though this may be over an extended timescale. Human alterations to groundwater flow at depth can affect shallow groundwater and thus potentially the chemical and ecological quality of connected surface ecosystems. Deep groundwater may also be an important resource for drinking water or other uses. However, Member States would not be expected to identify deep groundwater as water bodies where that groundwater (a) could not ad- versely affect surface ecosystems; (b) are not used for groundwater abstraction; (c) was unsuitable for drinking water supply because of its natural qualities or because its abstraction would be technically unfeasible or disproportionately expensive; and (d) could not place the achievement any other relevant objectives at risk. The Directive’s definitions of aquifer and body of groundwater permit groundwater bodies to be identified either (a) separately within different strata overlying each other in the vertical plane, or (b) as a single body of groundwater spanning the different strata. This flexibility enables Member States to adopt the most effective means of achieving the Directive’s objectives given the characteristics of their aquifers and the pressures to which they are subjected. For example, where there are major differences in status of the groundwater in strata at different depths, it may be appropriate to identify different bodies of

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groundwater (i.e. one on top of another) to ensure the status of groundwater can be accurately described, and the Directive’s objectives appropriately targeted. Similar criteria should be applied in defining the upper and lower boundaries of the groundwater body as to the geographical boundaries. In other words, to facilitate the estimation of quantitative status, the upper and lower boundaries should be based first on geological boundaries and then on other hydraulic boundaries such as flow lines.

Assignment to River Basin Districts Groundwater bodies must be assigned to a River Basin District.

Targeting measures within bodies of groundwater The analyses undertaken in accordance with Article 5 and Annex II of the Directive (see WFD CIS Guidance Document No. 3 - IMPRESS)/4/, and supplemented by information from the monitoring programmes established under Article 8 (see WFD CIS Guidance Document No. 7 - monitoring)/3/ will identify those bodies at risk of failing to achieve the Directive’s objectives because of specific pressures. This information together with the identification of Protected Areas under Article 6 will enable Member States to target measures on the right pressures in the right parts of their bodies of groundwater. To assist this targeting, Member States may establish zones within which specific measures are required to achieve the Directive’s objectives. For example, Article 7 indicates that Member States may establish safeguard zones to help protect water intended for human consumption.

Suggested process for the practical application of the term body of groundwater Below figure _bookmark82suggests an iterative, hierarchical process for identifying bodies of groundwater based on the principles described in this Guidance paper.

Summary of the suggested hierarchical approach to the identification of bodies of groundwater

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4 GROUNDWATER BODIES IN THE KURA UPPER MINGACHEVIR RESERVOIR BASIN DISTRICT WITHIN AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC

4.1 Summary description of the River Basin District

In general Kura upper Mingachevir reservoir basin district within Azerbaijan Republic covers 2 sub- basins: Central Kura (including Gabirri) and Ganikh (Alazan)

Figure 1: Map of Kura basin district upstream Mingachevir dam in Azerbaijan

The Central Kura sub basin The Central Kura pilot river basin is located in the Ganja-Gazakh Economic Region at western part of Azerbaijan and covers Agstafa, Dashkasan, Gadabay, Goranboy, Khanlar, Gazakh, Samukh, Shamkir, Tovuz administrative regions, cities like Ganja and Naftalan. Economic region has suitable economic – geographical location. It is located on the North – eastern slope of Lesser Caucasus mountainous mas- sive, has border with Armenia in South – West and with Georgia in the West and North of the region. Region covers the area of 12 500 km² (14.4 % of the territory of the Azerbaijan Republic). The territory of the region can be divided into zones considering its landscape characteristics: lowland area with some slope to the direction Kura river, foothill zone, middle highland (1000-2000 m a.s.l.) zone and alpine zone (more than 2000 m a.s.l ). Rivers of the region are running from Lesser Caucasus to the Kura River Plain. Main rivers of the area are: Agstafachay, Tovuzchay, Asrikchay, Zayamchay, Shamkirchay, Ganjachay, Kurakchay, Tartarchay which flow into the Kura River directly or into the reservoirs over the Kura River /5/ . The main sectors of economy are agriculture, food processing and light industry and handicraft. The region is rich of such natural minerals as iron ore, copper, gold, silver, aluminium, limestone, marble, gypsum, cement, etc. Especially iron ore and gold resources in Dashkasan, aluminum minerals in Zeylik, limestone in Khoshbulag and gold, silver and copper in Gadabay are of economic importance. The part

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of the Kura River flowing through the region has abundant hydro energy recourses. The economic region also has natural-recreational recourses. The main mineral resources of the area are sulfuric pyrites, cobalt, barite, iron ore, alunit, stone marble, gypsum, zeolite, bentonite, crude cement, gold, copper, limestone. This is the second industrial region in the Republic. The region is sharing 12 – 13 % of industrial production in Azerbaijan. Agriculture plays an important role in social-economic development of the region as more than 50% of the residents of Ganja-Gazakh economic rayon live in villages. Therefore more than 40% of the overall productivity of the region is based on the agriculture. By the information of State Statistic Committee of Azerbaijan Republic total water resources of pilot area are 1.2 -1.4 billion m³. Water abstraction in the pilot region was about 1131 million m³ in 2013 of which around 150 million m³ was lost during transportation and 877,4 million m³ has been used for different sectors (Source: Azerbaijan State Statistical Committee, 2014). The total volume of waste waters produced in residential settlements of the pilot river basin is about 50,0 million m³

The Ganikh/Alazan sub basin The Azeri part of the Alazani river basin is located in the North –Western corner of Azerbaijan at the south slope of the Greater Caucasus. The basin has borders with Georgia in the west and with Russia in the North. The Alazan/Ganikh River comes from Major Caucasus Mountains in Georgia and runs into the Mingechevir reservoir. It’s the biggest left tributary of Kura River. The length of the Alazan/Ganikh River is 413 km; the area of the basin is 12,080 km². 4,755 km² of the Alazan/Ganikh River basin is in Azerbaijan (equivalent to 5.5% of the total area of Azerbaijan).

 The basin consists three main parts:

 The alluvial plain.  The mountainous part.  A hilly dry part in the southern area of the basin. There are big differences in elevation, temperature and precipitation from the high mountains in the northeast to the alluvial plains in the southwest. These differences are reflected in similar big differences in the natural vegetation in the Alazan basin. From northeast (high mountains) to southwest (alluvial plain) the natural vegetation changes from mountain tundra via alpine meadows, oak and hornbeam forests to meadow plants mixed with bushes. The population of Central Kura sub basin region is 1161,40 thousand persons, which is 11,7% of the total population of Azerbaijan(Table 01). The population of Ganikh river a sub basin is 467,30 thousand accordingly, which is 4,72% of the total population of Azerbaijan. Total population of Kura river basin on the territory of Azerbaijan upstream of Mingachevir dam is 1628,70 thousands persons, which is 16,4% of the total population of Azerbaijan.

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Table 1. Permanent number of population (thousand person) on administrative regions (Source: State Statictical Commeeti)

Population, thsd person Population density for Territory, thsd Towns and regions 1)2) On the 01.01.2018 (per 1 sq.km at the 1) base of sq.km per, beginning of population person) the 2018 census 2009 Republic of Azerbaijan 86,6 8922,4 9898,1 114

Central Kura sub basin 10,56 1069,40 1161,40 3663,00 Ganja town 0,11 313,2 332,6 3024 Gazakh region 0,70 89,4 96,7 138 Aghstafa region 1,50 80,2 87,2 58 Tovuz region 1,94 157,9 174,0 90 Shamkir region 1,66 191,4 215,0 130 Gadabay region 1,23 93,7 99,8 81 Dashkasan region 1,05 32,7 35,0 33 Samukh region 1,45 53,7 57,7 40 Goygol region 0,92 57,2 63,4 69

Ganikh river sub basin 6,21 432,00 467,30 313,00 Balakan region 0,94 89,8 97,6 104 Zagatala region 1,35 118,2 127,8 95 Gakh region 1,49 53,3 56,5 38 Shaki town 2,43 170,7 185,4 76

Figure 2: Map of population density

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4.2 Summary description of the groundwater bodies in the River Basin District

The area relates to the four main geomorphological subdivisions of the Kura geomorphology province, located at an altitude of 200-300m to 600-800m from the geographical point of view. The surface consists of alluvial- proluvial deposits. The sediments between the river cones were partially flooded. Accu- mulation processes dominate in the area. Groundwater erosion is encountered in river basins. Here, underground erosion occurs in the rocks of solid rocks and usually in cemented sand. When the cement product is dissolved, fine grains are released, and the underground waters are removed by turbulent motion. Sometimes it creates underground and surface channels (1-2 m diameter) or depression cones (30 -50 m diameter). The climate is distinguished with mild winter and summer, as well as high humidity. The average annual air temperature rises from 6.0-7.0˚C to 12.5-13.5 ˚C starting from mountainous area to the south-west of the plain. The relative humidity is 70-80%. The annual amount of atmospheric precipitation decreases from 1500 to 1600 mm to 300-400 mm in Ganikh basin and in Central Kura it is lower from the mountainous area to the plain. All rivers originate from the slopes of the Caucasus Mountains are distributed evenly throughout the region. The river network intensity is 1.0-1.5km / km² in the mountainous region at 1000-2500m altitude. 60% of average annual water abstraction in rivers is used for irrigation. In the Azerbaijan side of Ganikh river basin the reserves of groundwater in high and medium mountainous zones are quite small, which is the result of its geological structures. Though, on the valleys and foothills it is high, which is possessed by collectors and underground water run-offs from the mountainous zones. Ground waters are flowing to the surface and creating numerous springs, which debit varies between 0.3 – 10 l/s. In the Alazani - Agrichay intermountain depression at the tributary of the river Alazani and on the alluvial fan the junction of ground and artesian waters is created. Groundwater reserves in the major part of Ganikh Basin are estimated to be 39.3 m³/s; 20.4 m³/s is in the Georgian part and 18.9 m³/s in Azerbaijan. While ground water minimum use in the whole Basin reaches 63.7 l/s the existing resources appear to be secure. According to the two observatory estimations of ground water balance, incoming water sources are 46 m³/s, from where the dribbling precipitation is not more than 7.6 m³/s, infiltration from the sources of the rivers Alazani and Agrichay is 38.4 m³/s, and the ground water runoff is also 46 m³/s, from where the release of ground water in the riverbeds of Alazani and Agrichay is 29.4 m³/s /6/. The amount of evaporation and transpiration is around 16.6 m3/s. These estimations are practically indicators of high value of ground water resources in the Basin. Ground waters of the basin are practically of high quality, excluding waters at the Georgian borders, which are mineralized to 1.5-2.7 g/l. In total, mineral composition of groundwater varies between 0.1- 1.0 g/l and is composed by calcium-hydrocarbon minerals; hence, on the alluvial fans the magnesia - calcium composition is dominating. According to the hydrogeological distribution scheme of the Azerbaijan Republic, the underground waters of the Ganikh-Ayrichay region consist of porosity water basins. The presence of numerous rivers flowing from the area causes plenty of atmospheric rainfall, large thickness of alluvial-proluvial sediments and their distribution in the area create favourable conditions for the formation of groundwater in the Ganikh-Ayrichay valley, and their main source of feeding is infiltrations from river water in rivers and valleys. İn different years, an assessment of the regional reserves of the ground water of the Ganikh-Ayrichay valley was conducted. It has been established that the flow of rivers in groundwater condensates is 9.3 m3/s. Because of accurate exploration work, it was revealed that the center of the blown cones in the

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Talachay-Garachay (Zagatala region), Karachay-Karamchay (Gakh region), Dashapilchay-Agchachay (Oguz region) is the area of most useful waters for locating centralized water intakes. Results of chemical, spectral and bacteriological analyzes of water samples show that the quality of underground and surface water, i.e. mineralization rates of 0.4-0.6 g/l, macro and microelements, as well as radioactive elements, their bacteriological data (coli titer-333, kolindeks-3) corresponds to DUST2874-82 Drinking Water norms in which the proposed indicators are located and, in the areas, covered by it. Ganja-Gazakh aquifer is situated between Kura River and the plateau of Jeyranchol along the northeast slopes of the Lesser Caucasus. It borders Georgia to the north-west and by way of Inja River, it borders the Karabakh steppe to the south-east. The area of the aquifer is 3737 km2, its elevation is 700 m a.s.l. in the south-west and 30 m in the Kurakchay River basin area. The main recharge source for Ganja-Gazakh groundwater aquifers are the rivers Agstafachay, Hasansu, Tovuzchay, Shamkirchay, Koshkarchay, Ganjachay, and Kurakchay – right-hand tributaries of Kura River. Mesozoic (Jurassic and Cretaceous) Cenozoic (Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary) age sediments form the geological structure of the Ganja-Gazakh sloping plain. Mesozoic age rocks are spread in the Lesser Caucasus mountain system. These outcrop to surface level in some local areas and are found at depth of 1000-1250 m in the main part of the lowland. Outcrops of Paleogene and Neogene rocks to the land surface are found in the south-east of the lowland. All these rocks are covered by much younger Quaternary age rocks along the lowland. Five groundwater aquifers – one unconfined and four confined ones – have been discovered at up to 300-400 m depth in the plain in previous studies by EPIRB project )/7/ Hydrographic network is well developed in Ganja-Gazakh plain. Aghstafachay, Tovuzchay, Zeyimchay, Shamkirchay, Goshgarchay, Kurekchay, Goranchay and Injechay, which are included in the network, flow into the Kur River flowing from the north-eastern slopes of the Lesser Caucasus. All rivers are characterized by the occurrence of spring and summer floods due to the atmospheric precipitation and snow melting due to the hydrogeological regime. The chemical composition of water in the rivers is mainly hydro carbonate calcium-type waters and mineralization does not exceed 0.7 g/l. The geological structure of the Ganja-Gazakh artesian basin is monoclinal. Ganja-Gazakh artesian basin is one of the wateriest basins for underground water basins in Azerbaijan. Artesian waters are widely used for water supply of residential settlements and industrial enterprises, irrigation of plantings and so on from year to year. Ganja-Gazakh region is divided into two zones: the foothills and the accumulative plain of the Kura terrace with the Kura river. İn the Kura River valley average annual rainfall varies from 250 to 550 mm. 50% of the area is suitable for planting and 40% of it is irrigated. The relief is smooth. The amount of precipitation varies from 185-203 mm to 408-478 mm. The average annual air temperature is around 14-15˚C. The average January temperature is about 6 ˚C.Temperature rises to 30 ˚C in July-August. Evaporation rate reaches 800 mm. The area is mainly gray soils or grass-grass soils. Sometimes the sparse soil is spread. 20% of the total 1297 million m³ of irrigation water from underground waters (kyarizes, karasu, artesian waters). Location depth of ground water changes between the ranges of 1-3 m to 10-30 m towards the zone along the Kura River. The changeover amplitude is almost constant at the perennial curve. Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary deposits participate in the geological structure of the region. Mesozoic sediments form mountain slopes of the Lesser Caucasus, reaching the ground surface in the front mountainous part. They are covered with cavernous sediments in some part

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of study area. A lithological cross-section has been identified through drilling wells near the city of Ganja. Lithological composition consists of gilded and gilded clays. In the plains, the thickness of the aggregate sediments begins with rough cereal conglomerates. The thickness of aged sediments is more than 100 m. The maximum and minimum thickness of the sediments is between 200-60 m, respectively, and is mainly comprised of marine-derived fats. From the G-601 to the foothill, the sea-facial sediments are gradually replaced by continental sediments. Fisheye sediments of the sea Depth of the Kur River landslides reach 300-350 m. Mesozoic deposits constitute the mountainous protuberances of Lower Caucasus, reaching the ground surface in the front mountainous part. They are covered with cavernous sediments in our study area (G- 601). A lithological cross-section has been identified through drilling wells near the city of Ganja. Litho- logical composition consists of gilded and gilded clays. In the plains, the thickness of the aggregate deposits begins with rough cereal conglomerates. The thickness of young-aged deposits is more than 100 m. Maximum and minimum thickness of the deposits is between 200-60 m, respectively, and is mainly comprised of marine-derived fats. From the G-601 to the foothill, the sea-facial sediments are gradually replaced by continental sediments. Location depth of fisheye deposits of the sea origin towards the landslides of Kura River reaches 300-350 m. The Quaternary Absheron age deposits are found in the sediments in the plains where the furrows are spread, and they are widely enhanced in the area. Underground waters of Ganja plain considered totally "promising" from the beginning. Greater part of the plain is "particularly promising" and perspective to use underground waters. Suction ratio in watery horizons usually ranges from 100 to 200 m²/day to 1000-2550 m²/day. Most commonly observed ratio is 1700 m2/day. The effective thickness of the aqueous complex is between 3-179 m, and in most places, it is between 50-100 m. Groundwater level change over the year is between 0.5m and 1-2m. About 24% of the atmospheric rainfall is spent on groundwater feeding. The hydrates' water consumption is sometimes 10 to 50 l/s. Water supply of the wells is 1-32.7 l/s. The filtration coefficient is 0.04-105.9 m/day. It is possible to take 0.04-57 l/s from the wells drilled for pressure waters. Besides the groundwater horizons, four watery aquifer horizons have been opened in the Ganja plain. As result, the following main hydrogeological units (aquifers) in Kura River basin upper Mingachevir Reservoir Dam Pilot Area have been analyzed for groundwater body delineation:

1. Upper-Middle Quaternary aquifers (Q3-4) – in pebbles, gravel and sand, with interlayers of clay and loam;

3 2. Lower Quaternary-Upper Pliocene aquifers (Q2 ‐Q1) – in gravels, sands, clays, loams;

2 4 3. Eluvial-diluvial-proluvial aquifers (edpQ4-epdQ1 -epdQ3 ) – in gravels, sands, clays and loams with debris material;

4. Alluvial aquifers (aQ4) – in gravels filled with sand and river stones;

5. Neocene aquifers (N1+N2) – in conglomerates, sandstones, sand, graves, clay andlimestone;

6. Upper-Lower Cretaceous aquifers (K1‐K2) – in sandstones, limestones, tuffs, tuff-breccias, porphyrites, tuff gravelites, aleurolites, conglomerates, marls, etc.

7. Upper-MiddleJurassicaquifers(J2‐3,K2)–involcanicporphyritesandtheirtuffs,tuff-sandstones, quartz porphyrites and their tuffs (1500–2000 m thick sedimentlayer);

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8. Local aquifer in low-water-bearing intrusive rocks (γ) – in fractured granites, granodiorites and diorites. It should be noted that groundwaters local aquifer in low water bearing intrusive rocks (γ) – in fractured granites, granodiorites and diorites may geographically be located differently from G600 and G602, but as it has small area and capacity and its management tasks don’t differ from those of G600 and G602 therefore this aquifer was merged with these 2 GWBs.

4.3 Characterization of groundwater bodies

Ground water delineation was conducted for above mentioned (Sub chapter 3.28 main hydrogeological units (aquifers) in Kura River basin upper Mingachevir Reservoir Dam Pilot Area have been analyzed for groundwater body delineation: These aquifers have been analysed, their hydrochemical and hydrodynamic characteristics compared, and certain smaller aquifers have been grouped so as to avoid unmanageable subdivision. As a result, bodies of groundwater have been preliminarily identified. Identified bodies have been mapped. The following Section contains the results from initial characterisation and preliminary classification of identified GWB. A total of nine groundwater bodies (GWB G‐100–602) have been preliminary identified and delineated in the upstream of Mingachevir reservoir dump. Seven groundwater bodies have been identified in confined aquifers and two GWB delineated in unconfined aquifers. All deep groundwater bodies (except for local aquifers in intrusive rocks and shallow ground waters are used for drinking, agricultural and/or industrial water supply with abstraction of over 10 m³/d. All groundwater bodies are of good chemical and quantitative status. The shallow groundwaters (interflow) have some local pollution and can be salty because of entering of salty waters from washing of clay solids. It should be noted that volumes of shallow groundwaters are very limited and in many cases they exist for a short period and are fed by seasonal snow melting and during rainfall and then dry in result of evaporation or spreading in large area. Therefore they aren’t used for drinking water purposes. They don’t have interface with surface water. Since these temporary shallow groundwaters are no groundwater bodies according to the definition of the Water Framework Di- rective no delineation was made for them.

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Figure 3: Schematic hydrogeological map

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All groundwater bodies, except for local aquifers in intrusive rocks, are used for drinking, agricultural and/or industrial water supply with abstraction of over 10 m³/d. All groundwater bodies are of good chemical and quantitative status.

Table 2. Preliminary identified GWB

Identifi ed GWB GWB temporary Name of the GWB Water‐bearing sediments (n) codes

Upper‐Middle Quaternary Pebbles, gravel sand with interlayers of clay and 2 G‐100, 101 GWB loam

Eluvial‐diluvial‐proluvial Gravel, sand, clay, loam and debris material 1 G‐200 GWB

Lower Quaternary‐Upper Differently grained sands with gravel and pebbles, 1 G‐300 Pliocene GWB lenses and interlayers of sandy and clayey loam

Alluvial Holocene GWB in Pebbles, gravel sand with interlayers of sandy and 1 G‐400 river valleys clayey loam

Neocene (Absheron and Conglomerates, sandstones, sand, gravel, clay, 1 G‐500 Agjagil) GWB limestone

Mesozoic (Jurassic‐ Porphyrites and their tuffs, tuff‐sandstones, tuff‐ 3 G‐600, 601, Cretaceous) GWB breccias, sandstones, limestone, marls 602

Total 9

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Figure 4: Map of delineated groundwater bodies

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Figure 5: Map of delineated groundwater bodies and number of population

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4.3.1 Upper‐Middle Quaternary Aquifers (Temporary Code G100)

Hydrographic network is well developed in Ganja-Gazakh plain. Aghstafachay, Tovuzchay, Zeyimchay, Shamkirchay, Goshgarchay, Kurekchay, Goranchay and Injechay, which are included in the network, flow into the Kura River flowing from the north-eastern slopes of the Lesser Caucasus. All rivers are characterized by the occurrence of spring and summer floods due to the atmospheric precipitation and snow melting due to the hydrogeological regime. The chemical composition of water in the rivers is mainly hydro carbonate calcium-type waters and mineralization does not exceed 0.7 g/l. The geological structure of the Ganja-Gazakh artesian basin is monoclonal. Ganja-Gazakh artesian basin is one of the wateriest basins for underground water basins in Azerbaijan. Artesian waters are widely used for water supply of residential settlements and industrial enterprises, irrigation of plantings and so on from year to year. Upper Middle Quaternary aquifers (Q3‐4) are composed of pebbles, gravel, sand with clay and loam interlayers. These are widespread in the right‐side section of the Kura valley, in the middle and upper sections of valleys of right tributaries to the Kura, and finally, in the middle sections of the Goranchay and Injachay river valleys. Depth to aquifer varies between 19,3m and 218m. Piezometric level is located at 80m below ground surface, 6–14m below ground surface in some places, and occasionally at 32m above ground surface. Based on initial investigation data, the absolute piezometric level decreases from 441m a.s.l. up hill to 33,8 m a.s.l. towards the Kura, with gradient of 0,05–0,04. The aquifer contains fresh groundwater of hydro carbonate‐calcium composition, which is widely used for household and agricultural water supply. Groundwater quality is good; only in some places local pollution is observed, related to agricultural activities.

4.3.2 Upper‐Middle Quaternary Aquifers (Temporary Code G101)

One of the four main geomorphological subdivisions of the Kura geomorphology province is Ganikh- Ayrichay, (Shaki-Zagatala). Ganikh-Ayrichay covers the slopes of the western foothills, located at an altitude of 200-300 m to 600-800 m from the geographical point of view. The surface consists of alluvial- proluvial deposits. The sediments between the river cones were partially flooded. Accumulation processes dominate in the area. Groundwater erosion is encountered in river basins. Here, underground erosion occurs in the rocks of solid rocks and usually in cemented sand. When the cement product is solved, fine cereals are released, and the underground waters are removed by turbulent motion. Sometimes it creates underground and surface channels (1-2 m diameter) or depression cones (30 -50 m diameter). The Ganikh-Ayrichay zone is located in the north slopes of the Greater Caucasus range from the north and two inter-mountainous slopes bordering the Ajinohur highway in the south. The climate is distinguished with mild winter and summer, as well as high humidity. The average annual air temperature rises from 6.0-7.0˚C to 12.5-13.5 ˚C starting from mountainous area to the south-west of the plain. The relative humidity is 70-80%. The annual amount of atmospheric precipitation decreases from 1500 to 1600 mm up to 300-400 mm from the mountainous area to the plain. The average annual amount is 500-1000 mm. All rivers originate from the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus are distributed evenly throughout the region. The river network intensity is 1.0-1.5km / km² in the mountainous (G-602) region at 1000-2500m altitude. 60% of average annual water abstraction in rivers is used for irrigation. Complex concentrations of various deposits formed in the paleogeographic and geodynamic conditions of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic period, deposits aged from Jurassic, Cretaceous and Quaternary periods have developed extensively in geological structure of the Ganikh-Ayrichay valley (Shaki-Zagatala zone). Deposits of Jurassic period are represented by Lower, Middle, and Upper Cretaceous radiances.

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Cretaceous system is relatively wider than Jura sediments. Overall thickness of the complex is 650-700 m. It consists of clay and lungs, sandstones, portilites, limestone tufts and clays due to lithological composition. Deposits of Quaternary period are represented by alluvial, alluvial-proluvial types of Holocene, Lower Hvalin and Upper Cretaceous. These sediments of continental origin with a thickness of 950 to 1200 m are all along the valleys of rivers flowing through the northern part of the zone, from the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus. From the age perspective, they belong to the New Caspian-Absheron quarter of the Fourth century. These deposits consist of sandstones, clays and clay type rocks for their lithological composition. According to the hydrogeological distribution scheme of the Azerbaijan Republic, the underground waters of the Ganikh-Ayrichay region consist of porosity water basins. The presence of numerous rivers flowing from the area causes plenty of atmospheric rainfall, large thickness of alluvial-proluvial sediments and their distribution in the area create favourable conditions for the formation of groundwater in the Ganikh-Ayrichay valley, and their main source of feeding is infiltrations from river water in rivers and valleys. The cones of the rivers made up of Quaternary deposits in all mountainous and inter-monoclonal and syncline structures have created the structure (lithology, waveguide) associated with their activity. As a result, there is a cross-section of the lithological composition, age and genesis, and clay rocks and coarse gradients. In the mountainous zone - large sized stones and large river stones spread in the upper part of the cones of the rivers, in the central part are relatively small-sized tea stones and pebbles, and sand fillers are replaced by sand-gill and clay fillers. Cellar rocks dominate in the lower part. Here, the groundwater that emerges in the upper part of the cone forms a uniform pressure-free water horizon. From the middle of the conveying cones, the clay and clay layers, which are observed at the slopes, divide the uniform horizons of water into the pressure and pressure horizons. The maximum depth of the basin is 80-120 m, but in the foothills zone. The thickness of aquifer layers is between the ranges of 4-5m to 230-270m according to information of drilling wells in the depth of 350 m. The underground flow direction of these waters is from north-east to south-west. The inclination of water surface is 0.05-0.001. The fresh water flows go out to the surface of the ground, both in the slopes of the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus, as well as springs of the region with a wide range of water springs (these water springs are between 280-300 l/sec). It is possible to take water in the volume of 0.3-3 l/sec. during water intake from such drilling wells. Water abstraction of the wells changes between 0,2-13,6 l/sec. The filtration coefficient of the aquifer varies between 0.2 - 15.8 m/day. Suction ratio is more than 1000 - 2,000 m²/day, sometimes up to 3900 m²/day. Pressure watery horizons consist of several layers with close hydraulic connections. The lithologic composition of the aqueous layers consists of limestone, tea stones, and gravels. The depth of the ceiling of the pressure gray horizon is 11-97 m, and the thickness is 11- 274 m. The piezometric pressure of the pressure gray horizon is about 17 m above ground surface and at + 10 + 15 m above ground surface. In the basin water wells the specific consumption varies between 0.1- 10.5 l / sec. The water-soluble filtration coefficient ranges from 10 to 20 m/day, and the suction coefficient ranges from -70-2900 m²/day to a large range. The thickness of the layers separating the pressure and non-pressure watery horizons varies between 5-30 m and sometimes up to 45 m. Layers consist of clays or clay stones and pebbles with clay fillers. Regime-generating factors, including economic conditions (irrigation, drinking-water utilization, etc.), have been regulated by the following major types of regimes - climate, climate and irrigation. The temperature of underground waters is 10-11.5% per year, and the average annual amplitude of ground water levels is 1.0 m. The change in the mineralization degree of the ground water in the perennial curve varies from 0.1 to 0.1 g/l, and the pressure water pressure varies from 0.28 to 0.32 g/l. Interestingly, groundwater feeding and consumption conditions, as well as underground flows of pressure and groundwater are the same, and there is no regional waterproofing in the area. In different years, an assessment of the regional reserves of the ground water of the Ganikh-Ayrichay valley was conducted. It has been established that the flow of rivers in groundwater condensates is 9.3 m³/sec. Because of accurate exploration work, it was revealed that the center of the blown cones in the

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4.3.3 Eluvial‐Diluvial‐Proluvial Aquifers (Temporary Code G200)

Eluvial‐diluvial‐proluvial aquifers (edpQ4) Underground drinking water is limited in the territory of Azerbaijan and these resources are unequally distributed. In the mountainous regions, the reservoir waters of the Jeyranchol valley with the Ajinohur plains are characterized by excessive restrictions and relatively high levels of mineralization. The density of river network in Jeyranchol is 0.20 km/km2, while being very lower than the average river network density in the Republic - 0.39km/km2. Total average mineralization of river water in the republic is 0.3-0.5 g/l, in Jeyranchol - 0.5-1.5g/l and more. Hydro-chemical type is sulphated and with sodium. The largest pasture area in the Ganja-Gazakh region is on the Jeyranchol plateau. 90% of the area here consists of pastures. Jayranchol is one of the winter grazing areas of the very important livestock complex of the republic, where the spring is warm, mild and relatively dry.

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Jeyrancol and Ajinohur are often united under the common name: "Neogene of the Greater Caucasus". Underground waters in these areas are developed in local areas and are often very mineralized. Groundwater in Jeyranchol is observed in the slopes of various deposits. Lower debit water outlets up to 1 l/second are found in the Quaternary deposits of Udabno district of Jeyranchol. Waters of such water outlets are poorly saline, in very unusual cases, and most of the dry dumps are found in salt water up to 28g/l. Chemical composition of these waters is very variable. Ground waters are spread almost in the territory of the plateau and are mainly sand and gravel of the Quaternary deluvial-proluvial deposits. The abundance of water in the waterways is weak. In the drilling wells, the specific weight of the debit does not exceed one percent of the 1l/second. Other sediments are either dry or very poorly watered. Waters are of saline and mineral content of saliva of up to 25 g/l. Hydro-chemical type of the waters are sulphate, chloride and chloride calcium-sodium and sodium. Groundwater feeding is only due to filtration of atmospheric precipitation. Exports of underground waters are mainly evaporated, with a small proportion of water splashes consisting of puny springs.

4.3.4 Lower Quaternary‐Upper Pliocene aquifers (Temporary Code G300)

3 Lower Quaternary‐Upper Pliocene aquifers (Q2 ‐Q1) are contained in gravel, sand, clay and loam sediments in the eastern part of the pilot Central Kura basin area, at middle‐outer parts of river cones. They comprise the so‐called Second Artesian Aquifer. Depth to this aquifer varies from 68,5 m to 192 m, increasing from South to North. In other parts of the pilot area, depth to aquifer tends to decrease in the direction of ground water flow toward Kura River. The water level in wells varies between 80,7m below and 13,7 m above ground surface. Absolute water level is located from 373,7 m below MSL to 33,8 m above MSL, with hydraulic gradient of 0,028–0,002. Water‐bearing sediments have effective thickness between 3 m and 200 m, and conductivity – between 0,5 m/d and 55,6m/d. The aquifer contains fresh groundwater of hydro carbonate ‐calcium composition, which is used for local drinking water and agricultural water supply.

4.3.5 Quaternary (Alluvial) Aquifers (Temporary Code G400)

Quaternary alluvial aquifers (aQ4) are spread along the entire valleys of rivers in the Ganja‐Gazakh plain. These contain alluvial, alluvial‐proluvial and alluvial‐proluvial‐deluvial continental sediments. In upper reaches of rivers, aquifers are composed of gravel filled with sand and river boulders, and in middle reaches, the proportion coarse grained sediments decreases and clay layers are found. Aquifers are unconfined. The hydraulic conductivity of water ‐ bearing sediments varies between 5m/d and 70 m/d, 38 m/d on average. Aquifer transmissivity varies between 180 m²/d and 2600m²/d. Aquifer ground waters are fresh, with hydro carbonate‐calcium composition. They are used for local household and agricultural purposes. Unauthorised extraction of sand and gravel from river beds is the main human activity, which affects negatively groundwater quality and level of alluvial aquifers. 4.3.6 Neocene (Absheron And Agjagil) Aquifers (Temporary Code G500)

In the Kura River basin upper Mingachevir Reservoir Dam Pilot Area, Neocene aquifers (N1+N2) are represented by Agjagil and Absheron formations. Absheron sediments are spread along almost in entire Ganja‐Gazakh plain. They are composed of basal conglomerate, sandstones, clay and gravel with thickness of 100 m. Absheron sediments are represented by limestone, gray and gray‐greenish clay, and

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sand layers. Both aquifers outcrop mainly on the left bank of Kura River and in some areas on the right bank. Agjagil sediments of marine and terrestrial origin are spread less often. Depth to Absheron aquifer varies between 120 m and 283 m depending on presence of limestone in the lithological composition. Piezometric level is located from 23,9 m below to 2,2 m above ground surface. The absolute piezometric levels 357–38,5ma.s.l.,with gradient of 0,014–0,005.The effective thickness of water‐bearing sediments is 4,5–44,7 m. Hydraulic conductivity is 0,5–16,2m/d. Depth to Agjagil aquifer is 36–284 m, the piezometric level is 32,2 m below ground surface, in some places 24m above the surface. The absolute piezometric level decreases towards the Kura from 446ma.s.l. to 63,4 m a.s.l., with gradient of 0,02–0,006. The effective thickness of the aquifer reaches 87 m in the north‐western part of the plain. Well capacity varies in the range of 0,48–36,8 l/s, and specific capacity – 0,04–3,06 l/s/m. The hydraulic conductivity of water‐bearing rocks is up to 10 m/d. There are no consistent impermeable layers between the Absheron and Agjagil aquifers, and close hydrodynamic and hydraulic relations exists between the two. Therefore, one inclusive Neocene groundwater body has been identified for delineation (with temporary code G500). The effective thickness of the Neocene (Agjagil‐Absheron) aquifer is 3–179 m, most usually 20–90 m. Transmissivity of rocks is 2550 m2/d, most usually 20–1700 m2/d. Ground waters in most parts of the complex are fresh or slightly mineralized (0,2–4,8 g/l). Mineralisation increases toward south‐east, exceeding 10–20 g/l. Increase in mineralization leads to changes in the chemical composition of water: from hydrocarbonate‐calcium type to sulphate‐ hydrocarbonate, hydrocarbonate‐sulphate, sulphate, sulphate‐chloride, calcium‐magnesium and sodium types. Water hard- ness also increases to 21,6 mq/l. Fresh aquifer groundwater is used for drinking and agricultural water supply to local consumers.

4.3.7 Mesozoic (Jurassic‐Cretaceous)Aquifers (Temporary Code G600)

Upper–Lower Cretaceous (K1‐K2)aquifers are widespread in the foothill areas of the Lesser Caucasus. In lithological composition, rocks are represented by sandstones, limestone, tuffs, tuff‐breccias, porphyrites tuff gravelites, aleurolites, conglomerates, marls, etc. Rocks arefissuredtoavariedextent, and frac- turing becomes deeper. Upper–Middle Jurassic (J2‐3, K2)aquifers are composed of volcanic porphyrites and their tuffs, tuff‐ sandstones, quartz porphyrites and their tuffs. The thickness of Jurassic sediments is 1500–2000 m. The hydraulic parameters of both aquifers are rather weak: conductivity varies between 0,5 m/d and 1,5 m/d, and transmissivity – between 30 m2/d and 100 m2/d, 65 m2/d on average. In the chemical composition of waters, prevalent are hydrocarbonate and sulphate ions. Groundwater from both aquifers is used by local consumers for drinking and agricultural purposes. To facilitate management and based on similar characteristics, one inclusive groundwater body has been identified in Jurassic and Cretaceous aquifers – Mesozoic groundwater body (temporary code G600).

4.3.8 Mesozoic (Jurassic‐Cretaceous) aquifers (temporary code G601)

Ganja-Gazakh region is divided into two zones: the foothills and the accumulative plain of the Kura terrace with the Kura river. The G-601 area belongs to the plain of the Kura terraced terrain. It is also called the Kura River valley. Average annual rainfall varies from 250 to 550 mm. 50% of the area is suitable for planting and 40% of it is irrigated. The relief is smooth. The absolute height of the zone (G- 601) is between 200-250 mm and 60 mm.

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The amount of precipitation varies from 185-203 mm to 408-478 mm. The average annual air temperature is between 18 and 25 ˚C. The average January temperature is lower than 0 ˚C, about 6 ˚C. Temperature rises to 30 ˚C in July-August. Evaporation rate reaches 800 mm. The area is mainly gray soils or grass-grass soils. Sometimes the sparse soil is spread. 20% of the total 1297 million m³ of irrigation water from underground waters (kyarizes, karasu, artesian waters). Location depth of ground water changes between the ranges of 1-3 m to 10-30 m towards the zone along the Kura River. The changeover amplitude is almost constant at the perennial curve. Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary deposits participate in the geological structure of the region. Mesozoic sediments form mountain slopes of the Lesser Caucasus, reaching the ground surface in the front mountainous part. They are covered with cavernous sediments in our study area (G-601). A lithological cross-section has been identified through drilling wells near the city of Ganja. Lithological composition consists of gilded and gilded clays. In the plains, the thickness of the aggregate sediments begins with rough cereal conglomerates. The thickness of aged sediments is more than 100 m. The maximum and minimum thickness of the sediments is between 200-60 m, respectively, and is mainly comprised of marine-derived fats. From the G-601 to the foothill, the sea-facial sediments are gradually replaced by continental sediments. Fisheye sediments of the sea Depth of the Kur River landslides reach 300-350 m. Mesozoic deposits constitute the mountainous protuberances of Lower Caucasus, reaching the ground surface in the front mountainous part. They are covered with cavernous sediments in our study area (G- 601). A lithological cross-section has been identified through drilling wells near the city of Ganja. Litho- logical composition consists of gilded and gilded clays. In the plains, the thickness of the aggregate deposits begins with rough cereal conglomerates. The thickness of young-aged deposits is more than 100 m. Maximum and minimum thickness of the deposits is between 200-60 m, respectively, and is mainly comprised of marine-derived fats. From the G-601 to the foothill, the sea-facial sediments are gradually replaced by continental sediments. Location depth of fisheye deposits of the sea origin towards the landslides of Kura River reaches 300-350 m. The Quaternary Absheron age deposits are found in the sediments in the plains where the furrows are spread, and they are widely enhanced in the area. Underground waters of Ganja plain considered totally "promising" from the beginning. Greater part of the plain is "particularly promising" and perspective to use underground waters. Suction ratio in watery horizons usually range from 100 to 200 m2/day to 1000-2550 m2/day. Most commonly observed ratio is 1700 m2/day. The effective thickness of the aqueous complex is between 3-179 m, and in most places, it is between 50-100 m. Groundwater level change over the year is between 0.5m and 1-2m. About 24% of the atmospheric rainfall is spent on groundwater feeding. The hydrates' water consumption is sometimes 10 to 50 l/sec. Water supply of the wells is 1-32.7 l / sec. The filtration coefficient is 0.04-105.9 m/day. It is possible to take 0.04-57 l/sec from the wells drilled for pressure waters. Besides the groundwater horizons, four watery aquifer horizons have been opened in the Ganja plain.

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4.3.9 Mesozoic (Jurassic‐Cretaceous) Aquifers (Temporary Code G602)

Ganikh-Ayrichay zone is bordered by the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus range from the north to the Ajinohur highland in the south and the valley that is settled on two inter-mountain slopes. The area extends from the Azerbaijani-Georgian border to the center. The basis of the region's economy is agriculture. Ganikh-Ayrichay's G-602 research area covers the mountainous and foothill areas, ranging from 600 to 800 m to 1000-2500 m. The surface of the relief is partially covered by alluvial-proluvial sediments. The accumulation process is weak compared to the plain. The climate is characterized by mild summer and relatively cold winter. High humidity is also typical for this place. Average annual temperature in the mountainous areas is between 6.0-7.0 ˚C. The relative humidity is 70-80%. The annual amount of precipitation is 900-1600 mm in mountainous and foothill areas. Average annual precipitation of atmospheric precipitation is more than 1000 mm. The river network is distributed evenly across the region. All rivers: Ganikh River, Katekhchay, Mazim- chay, Kurmukchay, Kishchay, Karachay, Shinchay and Balakenchay take their start from the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountains. The river network density is between 1.0-1.5 km/km2 at altitude 1000-2500 m. The absolute height of the relief from the strait cones is 600-700 m. The territory of the region is generally located at an altitude of 4466 m above sea level. Mainly represented by mountain desert, forest-desert, subalpine and alpine meadows, as well as altitude zones. 54% of the territory consists of the areas with the inclination of 5 °, 18% is 5-10 °, 22.4% is 10-15 °, and 5-6% is 15 ° and above. Such contradictions in the relief allow the area to be used effectively for various economic purposes. Because of the sunny days throughout the year, the number of sunny days ranges from 2200 to 2300 hours and the total solar radiation ranges from 120-148 kcal/cm², with subtropical climate in areas of up to 500-700 m. It is the only place in the region and in the Republic is to get the clay structure here. The unfrosted period lasts for 175 days in the mountainous terrain, and 240-250 days in the foothills. In the mid-mountainous forests, there is an open-haired mountain-forest with podsol soils, and in the altitudes of 2000 m the grass-grass soils are spread in the subalpine meadows. 1.2 Mineralization rate of river water in mountainous, foothill areas is 0.1-0.4 g / l, the chemical composition is sulphate-hydrocarbonate, sodium-calcium, hydrocarbonate-sulphate, calcium-sodium. pH is 7.9-8.9; total unsteadiness is 2.49-5.5 mg/l. The quality of water supply in large cities such as Baku, Absheron and Sumgayit is in great demand and corresponds to the water quality standards. The precise study of the chemical composition and properties of underground and surface waters in the process of accurate hydrogeological exploration has proved itself. The bacteriological content of these rivers is strong. Mineralization level and chemical composition of fountains and river water are almost identical. The level of mineralization of fountains is 0.4-0.7 g/l, and the general coarseness is 1.66-8.32 mg.eqv/l. Chemical composition is hydro carbonated and sodium-calcium. HCO3 dominates in anion composition and Na + and Ca2+ is dominated in cation contain. It would be better to make iodization and salting of water when using groundwater to drink. 1.4 Over the past hundred years, forestry has been damaged because of the economic activity of the people, and large areas of pastures have been used for long-term fruit gardens and cultivated crops. As a result, the herbicides and pesticides are found in the underground water basin in accordance with the natural-ecological technogenic facilities. Hydrogeological, hydrological conditions of the area, in particular groundwater, play an important role in the formation of soil-ecological features of various subtypes and species in the alluvial-meadow, alluvial-meadow-meadow, mud and alkaline soils. 1.2. The rivers of the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus are considered as a special group, based on hydrological characteristics, by the Azerbaijani Hydrologists in the Ganikh-Ayrichay basin (belonging to the rivers of Turyanchay). Such grouping serves to explore the development of hydrological materials, hydrological calculations and river water use projects. Mazımchay, Balakanchay, Katekhchay, Talachay, Mukhchachay (Karachay) and others that joined the Ganikh river further aggravate the hydrographic network of the area. The main nutritional content of the

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rivers is 45-60% of ground water and the remaining part is rain and snow. All rivers belong to rivers characterized by summer floods. Feeding of groundwater is increasing in the mountainous (G602) area from the plain: absolute height of 200m, feeding capacity of 10mm; 45 m at 500 m; 1000 m at-170 mm; At 2000, 2500 and 3000 m, respectively, 603, 645 and 656 mm. The depth of ground water in the periphery of the injection subject is 0.5-2.0 m. Here, the ground water streams are weakened, sometimes in the form of "black waters". This part of the valley is called "groundwater surface area" in inter-continental slopes. Because of the hydrogeological conditions in the mountainous terrain, underground waters are not of great practical significance, it is possible to say that the drilling wells drilled deeply to the deep water were about 1700-2000 m, and that the aqueous complex had a large thickness and pressure. Groundwater utilization reserves are calculated for top 250-300 m. Territorial exploitation of underground waters was estimated at 2000 m³/day. Underground water utilization reserves for the design and construction of a group water supply system for urban water supply have been determined for the Balakan, Zagatala, Sheki, Gabala and Ismayilli regions for 161.3 and Shaki-Gakh regions at 902.1. The tributaries of Ayrichay: Dashapilchay, Kunchutchay and Kishchay take their origin from the landscape area of the highlands of the Greater Caucasus. This part is a mountainous area with altitude of over 3000 m. The mountains are structurally-denudation, nival-glacial and erosion-freezing origin, and composed of terra, carbonate, volcanogenic sedimentary deposits of the Jurassic and Cretaceous. In this section (G602) the relief is intensely fragmented, the surface is very bare rock and gravel. Average annual temperature in this section varies from -15 ˚C to -8.5 ˚C in January and 4-9 ˚C in July. The mountainous and foothill part is bordered by plain for the lithological composition. Thus, the mountainous part is separated by Jurassic and Cretaceous aged rocks, and the plain section is divided into the Quaternary period deposits. Jurassic sediments are found in clayey schists, sandstones, limestones and marigolds, and Cretaceous aged sediments have a thickness of 1700-2000 m. Jurassic and Creta- ceous sediments at the boundary of the transition to the mountainous plain passes through the Quater- nary sediments, in other words, many springs from the Quaternary clumps and limestone rocks go to the surface. In these springs the water consumption is about 10-100 l/sec and mainly feeds underground water. The complex of water horizons has a great depth. Groundwater and pressurized waters of these rocks are hydraulically interconnected. Ground water depth varies between 80-90 m. The thickness of the watery horizon is 20-220 m, debit 0.3-3.0 l/sec for drilling wells, filtration coefficient of rocks is 0.3-7.0 m/day. From the ceiling to the ground surface of the basin waters, the thickness of 10-70 m lies between 30-60 m. The pyrometer is level up to 50 m above ground surface, often up to 25 m. The flow rate of the pressure water horizons is between 0.05-0.0025. The effective thickness of the aquifer rocks consists of pebble and sand up to 100 m. Filtration coefficient 0.2-35 m/day, filtration coefficient 1-5 to 73, average price is 35 m/day. The flow of freely flowing water is up to 1-3 l/sec to 20 l/sec. The water is sweet, it is useful for drinking water supply. The chemical composition of groundwater (0.3-0.5g/l) is hydro carbonate, hydro carbonate-sulphate, hydro carbonate-natri-sulphate and sulphate hydro carbonate sodium-calcium magnesium. Pressure water (0.1-0.6g/l) is hydro carbonate, hydro carbonate - sulphate, calcium-natrium, calcium- magnesium.

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4.3.10 Significant human pressures and associated potential chemical pollutants

Below pressures are identical for almost all of shallow ground waters in Kura Upstream of Mingachevir Reservoir pilot basin in areas impacted by population and agriculture:

 Water abstraction for irrigation  Waste waters from households  Deforestation  Solid waste disposal  Impact through pollution of rivers by human activities  Pollution by pesticides and fertilisers from agriculture Under impact of these pressures mostly are polluted temporary shallow ground waters, which as mentioned above are not used as source of drinking water. Only rarely in areas where there is interaction between confined and unconfined groundwater confined waters can be impacted. Sources of pollution in areas of the identified groundwater bodies are described below

4.4 Upper‐Middle Quaternary aquifers (Temporary Code G100)

As aquifers in the Central Kura sub basin are located in cultivated agricultural areas , and at the same time in areas below main cities of Ganja-Gazakh economic region, therefore major impact on shallow ground waters and possible impact on this water body here can relate to water abstraction for irrigation and household use, pollution from diffuse sources (by pesticides used in cultivated areas) and point sources by untreated waste waters from residential areas and also from solid waste landfills. Four times control groundwater samples were collected by EU EPIRB project in Central Kura RBD in 2012-2014. They were analyzed in the laboratory of Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources and some of results are presented in the table below.

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Table 3. Results of Ground Water quality analyses from JFS by EPIRB project.

(Source: EU EPIRB project 2014)

Components and indices exceeding groundwater national standards which are those used in period of former Soviet Union and according to the decision of MENR are used currently) are highlighted in yel- low/8/. In the monitoring well near Ganja aluminium factory groundwater conductivity and concentration of sul- phates are rather high, indicating local groundwater pollution from the waste site. In the monitoring well Ayibly village ammonium concentrations are 7 times higher than national drinking water norms and this indicates agricultural pollution. Main pollution sources in the area of Central Kura pilot area include areas where pollutants can enter into the aquifers through surface waters, and various industrial and agricultural wastes are discharged, collected and stored at storages or fields (sludge collectors, ash-spilled place, filling reservoirs, basins, infiltration fields, etc.), agricultural irrigation areas (where fertilizers and pesticides are utilized), areas mining works and geological-exploration works and others are carried out. Pollutants are divided into the followings according to their origin and quality:

 domestic (economy – phenol);  industry (production);  agriculture;  with floods (during which waters wash surface areas with significant pollution and transport pollutants to other areas, where they infiltrate into ground).

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According to their chemical compositions pollution of shallow ground waters takes place through chemical, bacteriological, radioactive and thermal ways. Ground waters pollution occurs through each of the aforesaid ways. But, chemical pollution is considered a feature that is very dangerous and difficult to remove. Some cities haven’t operational sewerage and wastewater treatment systems. Therefore, areas which aren’t covered with wastewater collection system wastewaters filtrate into ground and impact ground waters of nearby areas or flowing by earth surface enter into surface and ground waters. Domestic and industrial wastewaters of Ganja city were discharged to vineyards located in Garayeri field in nearly 18 km distance in the north-east of the city, was used for irrigation after biological treatment. It should be noted that as wastewater treatment systems are not fully operational in almost all main cities therefore there is threat that nearby ground water are under pollution pressure from them. The same should be checked in areas near landfills of all major cities, where there is no acting proper solid waste management system It should be noted that there is potential condition for pollution of shallow ground waters with industrial wastes in Ganja, Dashkesan and other cities where pollutants are not covered by collection systems. Potential areas for checking pollution of the plain zone shallow ground waters with oil products can be considered area near Western Oil Exporting pipeline, which transport oil extracted from the Caspian Sea (collected from Sangachal terminal).. Pollution from cattle-breeding complexes – cattle-breeding, sheep-breeding, poultry-breeding, horse- breeding and somehow pig-breeding, especially from cattle-breeding and sheep-breeding farms were developed in recent 30-40 years also takes place. Heavy rains and flooding processes may lead to ground water pollution from mining areas, as well as by wastes from industrial, agricultural, others. Water abstraction is also one of main ground water threat by human activity. In total amount of abstracted groundwater capacity change between 10-50 l/s for water supply of Aghstafachay, Tovuz city and its villages by Akhinchay and Zayamchay rivers anfd of Shamkir city from Shamkirchayriver and Ganja city from Ganjachay river through horizontal drainages from ground waters. In total there are about 2000 GW abstraction wells and their depths change from 25-20m to 150-200 m ore sometimes till 300-400 m. Waters are abstracted by pumps and gravity usually from wells and also widely used for irrigation purposes. Capacity of GW reserves in Central Kura area is about 4075 thousand m³/day for all water complexes. A part of waters are used for water supply if Ganja, Tovuz, Shamkir, Khanlar, Goranboy and Ganja group water pipes. Slightly reduced in result of the water use the level and capacity of groundwater doesn’t have significant impact on ecosystems. No impact on terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems could be observed by the reduction of groundwater level because of water use.

4.4.1 3.4.2. Upper‐Middle Quaternary aquifers (Temporary Code G101)

This GWB is located in area impacted by population and agriculture. Significant impact on shallow waters above this GWB of the Ganikh river basin is resulting from the following human activities:

 Water abstraction for irrigation  Deforestation  Solid waste disposal  Car washing in rivers

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 Discharge of waste waters from residential areas to rivers  Hydromorphological changes  Pollution by pesticides and fertilisers from agriculture We have reached this evaluation by expert judgments and analysis, as well as field observations. For example the number of population in Ganikh river can be considered as a source of pressure (467,30 thousand accordingly by January 01, 2018). According to the table below the population in the basin increases.

Table 4. Number of population (in thousand)

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Balakan raion 91,1 93,0 93,8 94,9 95,9 96,8

Zagatala raion 120,3 122,4 123,4 124,7 125,8 126,9

Gakh raion 53,9 54,5 54,8 55,2 55,6 56,1

Sheki raion 173,5 177,5 179,1 181,0 182,7 184,2

Entire Sheki- 438,8 447,4 451,1 455,8 460 464 Zagatala region

Year after year population increases in the basin. Corresponding to that volume of water for irrigation, industry and drinking increases. Because of that the region is an agricultural one, in the river water qualitative and quantitative changes are mainly connected with this field of economy. At present farmers use fertilizer and pesticides very little and so that there is no strong influence on the quality of river water. We must take into account that in the centre of the district of the region fertilizer storehouses are built and it means that year by year usage of fertilizer will increase. Industry developed weakly. So there is no significant influence of industry on the river water. Only Sheki Silk Enterprises, milk and can enterprises are potential pollution source. But as the number of monitoring institutions is sufficiently few, it does not give an opportunity to define this influence. Illegal breaking intensity descended and works on forest restore is carrying out. Ground waters of the area are used for drinking and irrigation purposes. Of total water abstraction in 2016 (223,7 million m³) only 2,5 million m³ were used for household use and drinking purposes. Total amount of drinking water use is described in the table below.

Table 5. Household and drinking water use, million m3.

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Balakan raion 0,5 0,7 1,0 0,8 0,8 0,7

Zagatala raion 3,1 1,3 1,2 0,8 0,8 0,9

Gakh raion 1 0,7 0,9 0,9 1,9 1,7

Sheki raion 2,2 3,4 1,7 2,0 2,9 1,8

Sheki-Zagatala 6,8 6,1 4,8 4,5 6,4 5,1 region

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Basin is an old irrigation sowing region. Irrgation became more intensive from the second half of 20th century and irrigated areas on the river basin increased too much in a short time. At present irrigated area on the river basin is 140 thousand hectare. We must note that in 1950 irrigated area was only 50 thousand hectare. The irrigated area is ca. 30% of the total area of the basin and there is a big demand for water for irrigation. Total amount of water abstracted for irrigation is given in table below

Table 6. İrrigation agriculture water use, million m3.

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Balakan raion 15,9 16,5 16,0 16,0 16 18,7

Zagatala raion 42,3 42,2 43,6 42,4 42,2 44,9

Gakh raion 51,9 53,9 50,9 51,1 53,4 52,9

Sheki raion 96,9 98,7 101,0 96,7 95,3 98,7

Sheki-Zagatala 207 211,3 211,5 206,2 206,9 215,2 region

Agriculture also impacts on quality of ground waters because of use of chemicals. Total area of agricultural lands is described in table below. As one can see from this table area of agricultural lands increases during last years.

Table 7. Agricultured lands, ha

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Balakan raion 16517 18022 18735 18970 19054 23277

Zagatala raion 33490 34565 34672 35002 35160 42140

Gakh raion 20621 21954 21481 20856 19565 23930

Sheki raion 81728 80545 87696 76420 69225 75462

Sheki-Zagatala 152356 155086 162584 151248 143004 164809 region

According to this table in all raions large amounts of water is used for agriculture. Part of this water is taken from ground water sources. The towns and villages are lacking a modern system to handle their solid waste and wastewater. Towns are without functional wastewater treatment plants. Solid waste from the villages is either dumped where convenient (often on the bank of the river or in the river) or in primitive landfills and this impacts shallow ground water of the subbasin. The present agricultural practices in the basin are not very advanced in terms of effective use of pesticides and of the nutrients in chemical fertiliser and manure for crop production. But this can be checked by shallow conducting water monitoring in the area.

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The second main developed leading field is cattle-breeding. Cattle-breeding is represented mainly by neat cattle, sheep-breeding, poultry-keeping, pig-breeding, apiculture and sericulture.12,3% of neat cattle, including 12,5% of cow and buffalo,10,2% of sheep and goat and 62,4% of pig fall to this region’s part in the Republic. Characterisric for this area-subalpine and alpine meadows, winter hut, long-term fodder crops and convenient natural climatic condition give a great opportunity to thorough development of cattle-breeding. As number of livestock in the region is big and it increases, last years therefore this impacts shallow ground water of the sub basin, but needs to be investigated (Table 3.8.)

Table 8. Livestock, unit

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Balakan raion 270142 265122 266627 268897 271761 260975

Zagatala raion 479258 512917 493954 498002 500452 536158

Gakh raion 227534 208103 208316 197866 194225 200599

Sheki raion 640865 664005 672128 638468 638709 650145

Sheki-Zagatala 1617799 1650147 1641025 1603233 1605147 1647877 region

Industry of this economical region mainly based on treatment of agricultural production. At present over 100 industrial enterprises work in this area. Though industrial enterprises are superior, according to general production it is behind by comprising with the previous years. Industry is represented mainly by food industry, light industry and partly by construction enterprises. Food industry gives more than 70% of all industry production in the economical region. Meat, butter, cheese, fruit-vegetable, can factory, tobacco made fermented enterprises, different kinds of sweet enterprises represent food industry in the economical city centre. In the last years production of non-alco- holic drink based on mineral waters, mineral and aerated water is increased. Light industry is approximately 5% of all productive capacity of region (Sheki silk enterprises). Index of industry production by regions, with constant prices, in comparing to previous years, by per cent is given in table below

Table 9. Industrial production (in thousand AZNt)

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Balakan raion 6489 6096 5969 6351 5155 8845

Zagatala raion 14268 19114 21243 28188 54025 106932

Gakh raion 3742 5501 5015 5896 6925 20223

Sheki raion 13868 25249 22236 20938 18582 22622

Sheki-Zagatala 38367 55960 54463 61373 84687 158622 region

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Though the of water of Balakan river is cleaner before entering Balakan city, after the city in the south water quality becomes worse. The reason is discharge of the household wastes and sewer waters to the river by the people living on the coast. The place where river reaches the flat are located Salban and Mahamalar villages. People living on the right and left coast of the river discharged before rehabilitation of waste water treatment plant and therefore the household wastes and sewer waters directly to Balakan river. Before as 5 storey buildings situated in the right of the bridge on Balakan river has no sewer line, so sewer water was flown to the digged wells only 10 metres far from right coast of the river. When the dirty water of those buildings filled the wells the sewer waters then started to run over the wells and flow directly to Balakan river and this is considered a risky area. All the litters of brick plant built on the river coast were flown to the river. The settlements living in both- right and left sides flow life litter and dirty water to the river and this impacts shallow ground water of the sub basin. Old sewer line of Balakan city and clearing installation situated 4 km from north-west of city centre were built in the early 60s. When treatment facilities and sewer line were built, the area head collector was empty. But then when people settled in the area where head collector passed,the collector became under personal lands, even under some houses. 30% of many-storeyed installation is situated in Qullar village. The total area of clearing installation being 6 hectare has not worked from the constructed day. Sewer water coming from city enter by one of the 4 canals (which size 50x 150 sm) and after evaporation this water remain here as sediment. As there is no water to irrigate courtyard and as people are not enlightened, people irrigate water-melon and gardens by piercing holes on the head collector. Such cases heighten the probability of provoking some inflectional diseases. Shallow ground waters can also be polluted in nearby area. New waste water cleaning system is built in are towards Zagatala direction (on the left side of Belokan river. It has modern waste water treatment facilities and treated water is discharged into the territory. The second clearing installation was built at the same time by Balakan city hospital for its sewer line. Clearing installation been on the left coast of Balakan river, 300-350m from river. Construction of new lines reduced negative impact to Belokan river. The fact of throwing household wastes by the population of Car situating in the right coast of Zilban river of Tala river of Zilban situated on the left coast and from personal houses built in both coasts of river to south can be observed. In 1965 water clearing installation and treatment ponds were built far from settlements, 4km south on the left side of Zagatala-Danachi road for clearing dirty-sewer water of Zagatala city. Total area is 40 hectare. It is in the balance of water sewer office and does not work at present as exploitation period has ended all the system is out of use. The central line of sewer was under corrosion and often was out of order. A part of transcend water evaporated and other part descends in precipitated ponds. Few years ago was constructed new waste water treatment plant. By sometimes waste water collection system because of filling them with waste materials become broken and waste waters flow to surrounding environment, including surface and ground waters. Sewage system in Gax city centre was built in 1970. City centre is not surrounded at all. This system is mainly considered for usage of central hospital. Precipitated ponds and clearing installation are situated in the south part of region centre in the place called ‘Meshebashi’ This place is situated far from river bed and settlements. At present in fact clearing installation does not work. It was ruined because it had not worked. Sewage lines currently don’t deliver their waters to considered ponds, but to the nearest place to it. This system service only to insignificant part of region centre and direct impact from households can affect shallow ground water here. Currently together with drinking water supply system is being constructed new waste water treatment plant. There is one clearing installation (is situated in the north of Sheki which has 30000 population, was built in 1963, monthly power is 36,95 thousand m³) and one precipitated installation for dirty water (was built

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in 1980,is situated in the south-west of Sheki and projected power is 36 thousand m³). Making precipitation is fulfilled with mechanical way and installation almost does not work. Polluted waters from houses located in the suburb of the city flows to the ground collector and Gurcana River. Currently new wastewater treatment system is being constructed in western direction from Sheki few kilometres below the city area. New pipelines are being installed. It is presumed to treat wastewaters till technical level and use sediments as fertilizers. Change of total volume of polluted wastewaters during last years is shown in table below,

Table 10. Amount of waste waters, million m3.

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Balakan raion 0,04 0,04 0,2 - 0,06 0,06

Zagatala raion 0,7 0,6 0,4 0,1 0,8 0,9

Gakh raion 0,6 0,7 0,5 0,04 0,1 0,1

Sheki raion 1,9 1,5 1,3 0,8 0,6 0,8

Sheki-Zagatala region 3,24 2,84 2,4 0,94 1,56 1,86

There are waste disposals in the cities situated on the Ganikh basin. The waste disposal of Balakan city is situated 2km south from city centre, 2,1km from Balakan-Baki highway,400m far from Balakan river deposit.Its area is 1 hectare.Its sides are fenced. The waste disposal of Zagatala city works from 1950. Total area being 4 hectare, is situated in the south of city- on the left side of Zagatala-Danachi road far from settlement. Life waste does not spread by the wind to the suburbs or is not taken away by the rain. It has no chance to pollute water source. But at present the waste dump has no opportunity to place and bury daily formed life waste because of increasing of population. It is needed to form a new waste disposal in the area met the ecologcal requirements. The waste disposal of Gakh city is situated 2,5 km from city centre, on the right side of Gakh-Sheki automobile road, and takes 0,15 hectare area called “Kilseburun”. South side of waste disposal is iso- lated by mountain area, north side by digged trench. The waste disposal of Sheki city is situated on the west flood-land of Kish river (5 hectare), another part of waste disposal is thrown directly to the internal city by people. Amount of solid waste produced in the region according to table below is increasing last years and may impact shallow ground waters

Table 11. Volume of produced annual solid waste, thousand m3

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Balakan raion 15,5 16,2 16,6 24,2 24,4 28,8

Zagatala raion 7,0 8,0 8,0 8,0 8,0 9,0

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Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Gakh raion 15,5 17,7 18,0 18,7 17,7 17,9

Sheki raion 30,8 36,9 42,4 47,7 44,3 46,1

Sheki-Zagatala 68,8 78,8 85 98,6 94,4 101,8 region

4.4.2 Eluvial‐Diluvial‐Proluvial Aquifers (Temporary Code G200)

As in Central Kura area the GWB located on the left side of Kura River, it should be noted that in Azer- baijani side of Georgian –Azerbaijan border there is almost no human activity that can impact ground waters. Only some agricultural activities, including use of grasses by livestock and their impact to the quality of shallow ground water near the areas of farms. Regarding Georgian side of the area, most probably the similar non-significant impact can be expected from agriculture. In Ganikh sub basin the GWB is located in area between Ayrichay river and Mingachevir reservoir. There aren’t large populated areas in this part of the pilot basin. Only some local agricultural activities can be considered a source of impact to the state of ground water body. Same can be expected from side of livestock.

4.4.3 3.4.4. Lower Quaternary‐Upper Pliocene Aquifers (Temporary Code G300)

As in the total Central Kura pilot area here as well pollutants can enter into the aquifers through surface waters, and various industrial and agricultural wastes are discharged, collected and stored at storages or fields (sludge collectors, ash-spilled place, filling reservoirs, basins, infiltration fields, etc.), agricultural irrigation areas (where fertilizers and pesticides are utilized), areas mining works and geological-exploration works and others are carried out. Domestic pollutants (economy – phenol) can enter from residential areas of Goygol and Goranboy raions. Some small industries (production) and agricultural activity may also impact ground waters. Significant floods, during which waters washed from surface areas with significant pollution and transport pollutants may infiltrate into ground and impact to the quality of ground waters. Residential areas in this area haven’t operational sewerage and wastewater treatment systems. There- fore their waste waters may infiltrate into ground and impact ground waters of nearby areas or flowing by earth surface enter into surface and ground waters. Water abstraction is also one of main ground water threat by human activity. Significant amount of water is abstracted from Kurakchay and Goranchay rivers and their ground water basins. Only Ganja city from where some impact can be occurred has highest in the region density of population, but it is located far from this GWB therefore human pressure from the city maybe not significant because of this (Table 12.). Population of other raions surrounding this GWB compared to other cities of the region is less and distributed over the territory of raions (including villages) and therefore can’t create significant pressure on GWB.

Table 12. Number of population thousands.

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Dashkasan raion 33,2 33,5 33,7 34,1 34,4 34,8

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Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Goygol raion 58,3 59,9 60,9 61,5 62,2 62,8

Samukh raion 54,6 55,6 56,3 55,6 56,4 57,1

Goranboy raion 96,2 98,1 99,1 100,2 101,2 102,4

Naftalan city 9,1 9,4 9,5 9,7 9,9 10,0

Ganja city 316,3 323,0 324,7 328,4 330,1 331,4

Ganja-Gazakh region 1086,4 1108,6 1118,9 1130,9 1142,3 1152,8

Water abstraction from antural sources and amount of used water (Tables 13.) is high in Goranboy and Samukh region and its impact to HGW needs to be further investigated.

Table 13. Water abstraction from natural sources, million m3.

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Dashkasan raion 0,6 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2

Goygol raion 95,2 87,6 75,3 77,3 78,2 83,9

Samukh raion 158,6 173,1 187,4 209,5 205,4 209,1

Goranboy raion 201,1 274,4 301,4 287,5 280,7 293,9

Naftalan city 0,6 0,6 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5

Ganja city 17,7 17,1 21,8 21,1 20,9 12,8

Ganja-Gazakh 746,5 797,9 829,6 842,3 832,1 853,9 region

Table 14. Total utilised amount of water, million m3.

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Dashkasan raion 0,6 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2

Goygol raion 72,4 64,1 50,5 53,4 53,8 56,6

Samukh raion 132,5 148,0 154,9 160,0 155,8 159,9

Goranboy raion 164,7 221,3 246,7 241,7 237,5 253,8

Naftalan city 0,9 0,5 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,5

Ganja city 17,9 17,4 22,1 20,3 20,8 12,7

Ganja-Gazakh region 611,4 628,8 630,5 634,4 744 726,1

High level of drinking, industrial and irrigation water use in Goygol raion needs also to be investigated according to the amount of used GW resources (Table 15.) But it should be noted that water losses during transportation in this rayon and also in Samukh and Goranboy raions are high.

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Table 15. Household and drinking water use, million m3.

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Dashkasan raion 0,5 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2

Goygol raion 3,6 1,8 0,9 1,4 1,6 1,6

Samukh raion 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,3

Goranboy raion 0,8 1,5 1,8 2,0 1,9 2,0

Naftalan city 0,5 0,5 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,3

Ganja city 15,0 14,4 17,9 16,7 18,7 10,4

Ganja-Gazakh region 24,7 21,2 23,7 24 26,5 17,1

Table 16. Water use for industrial production, million m3.

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Dashkasan raion 0,01 0,01 - - - -

Goygol raion 9,0 1,7 0,01 2,2 2,2 2,2

Samukh raion 0,2 0,01 0,01 0,3 - 0,3

Goranboy raion - 0,06 - - - 0,04

Naftalan city 0,4 - - - - 0,2

Ganja city 0,4 1,2 2,6 1,2 0,3 0,2

Ganja-Gazakh region 19,53 4,79 8,55 9,53 4,26 6,61

Table 17. İrrigation agriculture water use, million m3.

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Dashkasan raion ------

Goygol raion 48,5 49,6 49,6 49,5 49,6 52,8

Samukh raion 131,7 147,6 154,6 159,5 155,5 159,3

Goranboy raion 163,8 219,7 244,9 239,7 235,6 251,6

Naftalan city - 0,01 0,01 - 0,01 0,02

Ganja city 2,5 1,6 1,6 1,9 1,7 2,1

Ganja-Gazakh region 554,4 588,5 597,3 600,1 708,1 699,5

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Table 18. Water lost during transfer, million m3.

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Dashkasan raion 0,1 0,2 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01

Goygol raion 22,8 23,5 24,8 24,0 24,4 27,3

Samukh raion 39,3 47,8 45,1 58,5 64,3 70,1

Goranboy raion 36,4 53,0 54,7 46,5 57,3 68,7

Naftalan city 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,03 0,04

Ganja city 0,7 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,05 0,1

Ganja-Gazakh region 224,85 246,41 238,64 240,23 193,92 246,72

According to Table 19 the amount of polluted waters in this rayon significantly reduced last years compared to 2010. This raion also is characterised by high amount of produced solid wastes, which may create significant pollution pressure during flooding (Table 20.).

Table 19. Polluted waste waters, million m3.

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Dashkasan raion 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1

Goygol raion 12,0 11,3 0,3 0,8 1,3 0,1

Samukh raion 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1

Goranboy raion 0,1 0,7 1,5 0,7 0,6 0,6

Naftalan city 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4

Ganja city 12,3 9,2 9,2 8,1 8,5 8,8

Ganja-Gazakh region 35,28 50,41 13,1 12,2 13,8 12,8

Table 20. Solid waste, thousand m3.

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Dashkasan raion 2,8 2,9 3,7 3,7 1,7 2,5

Goygol raion 21,0 22,0 22,3 23,9 20,5 20,7

Samukh raion 6,8 1,8 1,9 1,8 1,8 1,9

Goranboy raion 19,6 18,1 16,8 17,0 17,1 20,2

Naftalan city 14,0 22,5 23,2 21,5 20,1 20,1

Ganja city 421,0 416,8 411,1 388,8 389,7 290,0

Ganja-Gazakh region 544,2 547,2 632,4 628,7 633,3 794,1

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As one can see from below table industrial production Goygol raion is high compared to other rayons and needs to be investigated regarding its impact to the shallow ground waters (Table 21). It should be noted that Goygol, Samukh and Goranboy raions have large agricultural lands and there is need to see if status of located above this GWB shallow groundwater is affected by used chemicals in these agricultural lands (Table 3.2.). Number of animals in these raions also is high and this also can be a source of impact to the status of shalow ground waters above this GWB.

Table 21. Agricultural lands, ha

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Dashkasan raion 2209 2351 2505 2434 2498 2175

Goygol raion 12474 13931 14227 13992 13724 13415

Samukh raion 15184 14997 15777 15638 15106 15190

Goranboy raion 28706 30632 31477 29532 24946 26820

Naftalan city - 457 399 408 453 393

Ganja city 477 487 269 283 292 458

Ganja-Gazakh region 130797 133825 140413 133820 129697 137412

Table 22. Livestock, unit

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Dashkasan raion 167568 172098 173391 173813 170887 173826

Goygol raion 343754 350044 366973 371915 373587 373368

Samukh raion 290544 305013 403367 436297 341808 338455

Goranboy raion 689371 692744 693658 644272 641965 645843

Naftalan city 4879 5723 5922 6226 6266 6321

Ganja city 18225 13281 16490 16580 26039 25478

Ganja-Gazakh region 3192817 3235730 3752402 3895071 3331867 3314978

Potential pollution Major pollutants entering to rivers of the region may impact quality of this GWB. For example waste waters of Agstafa city are transported to the area of Poily village and discharged into ground, which may significantly impact quality of ground waters there. Same situation is in Gadabay city, where wastewaters and polluted rainwaters filtrate into ground and impact quality of ground waters. Wastewaters from golden mine area past preliminary treatment then goes into river. Same situation is in Gazakh , Tovuz and Shamkir raions. In Tovuz city the work on rehabilitation of water supply and waste water treatment is ongoing. According to different sources, new sewage system will serve about 45000 people

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Amount of wastewaters is given in Table 23. As one can see from table amount of wastewaters is high in Goygol, Ganja and Shamkir raions.

Table 23. Polluted waste waters, million m3.

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Aghstafa raion 0,08 0,2 0,2 0,4 0,5 0,5

Dashkasan raion 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1

Gadabay raion 0,4 0,01 - 0,0 0,1 0,1

Goygol raion 12,0 11,3 0,3 0,8 1,3 0,1

Gazakh raion 0,8 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,6

Samukh raion 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1

Shamkir raion 8,6 28 2,3 1,4 1,5 1,6

Tovuz raion 0,9 0,8 0,1 0,5 0,9 0,9

Ganja city 12,3 9,2 9,2 8,1 8,5 8,8

Ganja-Gazakh region 35,28 50,41 13,1 12,2 13,8 12,8

It should be noted that water abstraction from surface and ground water sources needs to be considered significant issue for this GWB and it often leads to drying of rivers in summer and other seasons.

4.4.4 3.4.5. Quaternary (Alluvial) Aquifers and Neocene (Absheron and Agjagil) Aquifers (Temporary Code G400 and G500)

Potential pollution As in Central Kura sub basin the GWB is located on the left side of Kura river it should be noted that in Azerbaijani side of the Georgian –Azerbaijan border can be issue of impact of water abstraction by local people to the level and capacity of GWB. It should be noted that as there is almost no human activity that can impact quality of ground waters. Only some agricultural activities, including use of grasses by livestock and also their impact to the quality of ground water near the areas of farms. Regarding Georgian side of the area this needs to be assessed by use of additional information in the future, but it seems that probably the situation here as well should be similar to Azerbaijani part with slight impact from agriculture. In Ganikh sub basin the GWB is located in area between Ayrichay river and Mingachevir reservoir. There aren’t large populated areas in this part of the pilot basin. Only some local agricultural activities can be considered a source of impact to the state of ground water body. Same can be expected from side of livestock.

4.4.5 3.4.6. Mesozoic (Jurassic‐Cretaceous) Aquifers (Temporary Code G600)

Potencial pollution As this area is located, upstream of major residential areas, therefore there should not be such a significant water pollution problem here.

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But water abstraction can be considered one of main ground water threat by human activity. Of total amount of abstracted waters significant role, also belong to amounts of abstracted ground waters for water supply (10-50 l/s) which in turn presents itself as a pressure leading to reduction of ground of water level/ quantity. Therefore, impact of this to this GWB needs to be investigated by conducting of water monitoring. As one can see from table below except Dashkesan and Gadabay regions water abstraction is high in all other raions and significant part of it can be related to ground waters used for water supply of residential areas through horizontal drainages. This in turn may impact on ground waters ‘volume and level.

Table 24. Water abstraction from natural sources, million m3.

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Aghstafa raion 107,5 114,7 111,9 105,1 118,5 124,9

Dashkasan raion 0,6 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,2

Gadabay raion 0,4 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,4 0,3

Goygol raion 95,2 87,6 75,3 77,3 78,2 83,9

Gazakh raion 89,9 89,5 80,5 80,9 75,9 83,2

Samukh raion 158,6 173,1 187,4 209,5 205,4 209,1

Shamkir raion 210,1 238,7 274,6 257,2 246,0 256,3

Tovuz raion 66,5 76,7 77,6 90,7 86,5 83,2

Ganja city 17,7 17,1 21,8 21,1 20,9 12,8

Ganja-Gazakh region 746,5 797,9 829,6 842,3 832,1 853,9

As one can see from this table huge amount of water is abstracted by raions from different sources except Dashkesan and Gadabay raion and their impacts to the GWB located upstream of these cities need to be also investigated (monitored). Some areas of land where is located this GWB is used for agriculture. As one can see from below table are of land use for agriculture in the region is quite large and there is need to investigate if use of chemical in these areas impact the quality of GWB. Same needs to be done with livestock impact on quality of ground waters.

Table 25. Agriculture lands, ha

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Aghstafa raion 13822 16951 15984 13233 11943 14586

Dashkasan raion 2209 2351 2505 2434 2498 2175

Gadabay raion 18270 18352 18442 17464 16886 17354

Goygol raion 12474 13931 14227 13992 13724 13415

Gazakh raion 12533 8917 9472 10721 8843 10836

Samukh raion 15184 14997 15777 15638 15106 15190

Shamkir raion 35916 36318 41471 38216 38242 39785

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Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Tovuz raion 19912 21521 22266 21839 22163 23613

Ganja city 477 487 269 283 292 458

Ganja-Gazakh region 130797 133825 140413 133820 129697 137412

4.4.6 3.4.7 Mesozoic (Jurassic‐Cretaceous) Aquifers (Temporary Code G601)

Potential pollution Regarding impacts on this GWB it should be noted that areas of Goygol, Dashgesan, Ganja not covered by operational sewerage and wastewater treatment systems and from where waste waters filtrate into ground may impact ground waters of this GWB. It should be noted that there is potential condition for pollution of ground waters with industrial wastes in Ganja, Dashkesan and other cities where pollutants are not covered by collection systems. Heavy rains and flooding processes may lead to ground water pollution from mining areas, as well as by wastes from industrial, agricultural, others. Water abstraction is also one of main ground water threat by human activity. According to tables above significant amount of water is abstracted on territories of the raions surrounding the GWB.

4.4.7 3.4.8. Mesozoic (Jurassic‐Cretaceous) Aquifers (Temporary Code G602)

Potential Pressure The GWB is located in upstream of major residential areas., therefore priority pressure here can be:

 water abstraction from different use  water pollution by agriculture  water pollution by livestock Major water users in the region are agriculture, drinking water supply and industry. Total amount of abstracted by rayons from natural sources water resources is given in Table 3.26.

Table 26. Water abstraction from natural sources, million m3.

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Balakan raion 23,1 23,2 23,7 23,4 23,4 26,2

Zagatala raion 58,6 58,4 58,8 59,2 59,0 63,1

Gakh raion 74,6 77,4 75,7 67,1 74,7 77,2

Sheki raion 126,6 123,6 128,8 127,3 155,7 154,2

Sheki-Zagatala region 282,9 282,6 287 277 312,8 320,7

As one can see from this table major, water user in the region is Sheki city as a biggest rayon of the region. Water abstraction by other raions is also significant and can affect quantitive indicators surface and ground water sources. As one can see from Table 27. part of abstracted waters goes to losses and part used. Of total used amount of water main part goes to agriculture (Table 3.28).

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Table 27. Total utilized amount of water, million m3.

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Balakan raion 16,5 17,3 17,1 17,0 16,9 19,5

Zagatala raion 46,6 44,4 44,9 43,3 43,0 45,9

Gakh raion 53,1 54,6 51,8 52,0 55,3 54,6

Sheki raion 100,7 103,2 102,9 100,6 99,2 103,7

Sheki-Zagatala region 216,9 219,5 216,7 212,9 214,4 223,7

Table 28. İrrigation agriculture water use, million m3.

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Balakan raion 15,9 16,5 16,0 16,0 16 18,7

Zagatala raion 42,3 42,2 43,6 42,4 42,2 44,9

Gakh raion 51,9 53,9 50,9 51,1 53,4 52,9

Sheki raion 96,9 98,7 101,0 96,7 95,3 98,7

Sheki-Zagatala region 207 211,3 211,5 206,2 206,9 215,2

Household water use is about 1 million. m³. or higher by cities of the region (Table 29.). Water use for industrial production is a bitt leess than drinking water use (Table 30)

Table 29. Household and drinking water use, million m3.

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Balakan raion 0,5 0,7 1,0 0,8 0,8 0,7

Zagatala raion 3,1 1,3 1,2 0,8 0,8 0,9

Gakh raion 1 0,7 0,9 0,9 1,9 1,7

Sheki raion 2,2 3,4 1,7 2,0 2,9 1,8

Sheki-Zagatala region 6,8 6,1 4,8 4,5 6,4 5,1

Table 30. İndustrial production, million m3.

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Balakan raion ------

Zagatala raion 1,1 0,8 0,01 - - - Gakh raion ------Sheki raion 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,01 - 0,1

Sheki-Zagatala region 1,4 1 0,21 0,01 0 0,1

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It shouldbe noted that part of agricultural lands of the region is located in this area. Use of pesticides may affect quality of groundwaters in this area. Area of lands used in agriculture is given in table below.s one can see fromtable last 2 years area of agricultural land has increased .

Table 31. Agricultured lands, ha

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Balakan raion 16517 18022 18735 18970 19054 23277

Zagatala raion 33490 34565 34672 35002 35160 42140

Gakh raion 20621 21954 21481 20856 19565 23930

Sheki raion 81728 80545 87696 76420 69225 75462

Sheki-Zagatala region 152356 155086 162584 151248 143004 164809

Numberof livestock is high in Sheki. An increase of this number in laste years is observed in Sheki and Zagatala region only (Table 32)

Table 32. Livestock, unit

Raion/Region 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Balakan raion 270142 265122 266627 268897 271761 260975

Zagatala raion 479258 512917 493954 498002 500452 536158

Gakh raion 227534 208103 208316 197866 194225 200599

Sheki raion 640865 664005 672128 638468 638709 650145

Sheki-Zagatala region 1617799 1650147 1641025 1603233 1605147 1647877

Together with water abstraction an increase of agricultural areas (where different chemicals are used) and number of livestock in the region can also have significant impact on status of this GWB

4.5 Uncertainties, open issues and data / information gaps

It should be noted that currently there is limited data to assess status of ground water bodies by their use, excluding those conducted in Central Kura basin by EI EPIRB project for SWBs and GFWs and on SWBs in Ganikh river basin. The results of first Ground water monitoring conducted in Ganikh river basin in October 2018 is being analysed and can be used in later stages of RBMP development.

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5 EXISTING GROUNDWATER MONITORING NETWORK

5.1 Summary description of the required groundwater monitoring situation

Groundwater monitoring is conducted by the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan according to monitoring program envisioned in the charter of the Complex Hydrogeological Exploration Service as it is required by Water Code of Azerbaijan Republic. As a legal basis of the existing monitoring program can be considered the Decision of Cabinet of Minister of Azerbaijan Republic About Rules on Environmental and Natureal Resources Monitoring ( N 90 of July 1, 2004) on water monitoring and above Charter of the CHES. Budget for monitoring is determined and included into annual budget of the Complex Hydroeological Exploration Service. The total cost of monitoring and analysis of one sample is about 150 EUR (50 EUR for sampling and 100 EUR for analyses). In this case, when planning of monitoring frequency and number of samples, this calculation is used as a basis. It can be presumed that because of cost of sampling and analyses often rises issue of limiting of monitoring. Main content of monitoring to be conducted consist:

tot  Main anions and cations (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe , NH4, HCO3, Cl, SO4, NO3, NO2) and physical properties (pH, specific conductivity, permanganate index, or TOC)

 Dissolved elements (Fe, As, Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, etc.)

 Pesticides (list see chapter 6)  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Phenols, Trichloroethylene, Tetrachlorethylene  Groundwater levels in monitoring wells, boreholes and flow of natural springs The monitoring of groundwater level, flow quality and temperature in the Azerbaijani sector of the Kur- Araz river basin has been conducted since the 40s-50s years of the 20th century. The monitoring system covers almost all hydrogeological regions associated with foothill plains and depressions and consists of about 98 wells, springs and artesian wells. The monitoring is being carried according out to requirements of monitoring program approved by CHES. The measurement of level of groundwater in each region is performed by specialists of the CHES 3 times in each month and quality of groundwater 1-2 times by participation of hydreogeologists of CHES by use of equipment of CHES. After taking samples they are brought to laboratory of CHES and analysed. Results of analyses are registered on paper and also in word in computer. Same monitoring sites are used to assess groundwater quality, level, yield and temperature.

5.2 Inventory of existing monitoring sites

As mentioned before, the total number of monitoring sites in Kura upstream of Mingachevir Reservoir Dam is 98 (52 in Central Kura and 46 in Ganikh sub basin). The Complex Hydrogeological Exploration Service of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources, Republic of Azerbaijan by support of EU EPIRB project 3 of 26 monitoring sites installed in unconfined aquifers and all 25 monitoring wells drilled into artesian groundwater bodies/7/.

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Information about 98 monitoring sites in Kura upstream of Mingachevir Reservoir Dam including refurbished in Central Kura sites and their status and characteristics is given in Table 33 below.

Table 33. List of monitoring sites

Well/ Spring Casing Depth Number GWB (mm) Status H (m) (m) 586 G100 108 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 410 70,00

583-1 G100 89 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 245 100,00

583-2 G100 89 Rehabilitation possible Well 245 55,00

583-3 G100 89 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 245 10,00

585-1 G100 89 Clogged Well 319 100,00

585-2 G100 89 Clogged Well 319 50,00

581 G100 0 Clogged Artesian 251 0,00

582 G100 89 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 0 10,00

590 G100 0 Working Artesian 326 4,85

587 G100 0 Working Artesian 0 0,00

6a G400 108 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 317 85,00

589 G100 0 Rehabilitation possible Artesian 0 0,00

596 G100 108 Rehabilitation possible Well 360 39,00

598 G100 146 Working Well 385 35,00

601 G100 146 Rehabilitation possible Well 0 70,00

621-1 G100 0 Flowing Artesian 281 0,00

611-1 G100 89 Rehabilitation possible Well 278 100,00

611-2 G100 89 Rehabilitation possible Well 278 0,00

608 G100 108 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 386 35

609-1-2 G100 127 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 0 100,00

21-1 G100 0 Rehabilitation possible Well 340 146,00

21-2 G100 0 Clogged Well 340 146,00

610-1 G100 89 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 304 100,00

610-2 G100 89 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 304 60,00

610-3 G100 89 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 304 20,00

22 G100 146 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 325 60,00

22a G100 146 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 325 40,00

605 G100 0 Working Artesian 0 0,00

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Well/ Spring Casing Depth Number GWB (mm) Status H (m) (m) 629 G100 0 Clogged Well 0 0,00

20 G100 0 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 300 35,00

26-1 G100 127 Rehabilitation possible Well 296 35,00

26-2 G100 127 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 296 25,00

26-3 G100 127 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 298 35,00

27-1 G100 127 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 292 35,00

27-2 G100 127 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 291 25,00

16 G100 146 Rehabilitation possible Well 264 0,00

18 G100 146 working Well 359 35

17 G100 89 Rehabilitation possible Well 257 30,00

24 G100 0 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well - 35,00

10a G101 0 Working Artesian - -

10 G101 0 Working Artesian - -

9 G101 0 Working Artesian - -

18 G101 0 Clogged Artesian 0 50,00

8 G101 0 Working Well - -

113 G101 0 Working Well - -

B-40 G101 0 Working Artesian - -

B-39 G101 0 Working Artesian - -

21 G101 0 Working Artesian - -

49/42 G101 0 Rehabilitation possible Artesian - -

B-262 G101 0 Working Spring - -

B-233 G101 0 Working Spring - -

B-263 G101 0 Working Spring - -

85/46 G101 0 Rehabilitation possible Well - -

B-213 G101 0 Working Spring - -

29 G101 0 Working Artesian - -

114a G101 0 Working Well - -

114 G101 0 Working Artesian - -

36/72 G101 0 Rehabilitation possible Well - -

401 G101 0 Working Artesian - -

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Well/ Spring Casing Depth Number GWB (mm) Status H (m) (m) 406 G101 0 Working Artesian - -

112a G101 0 Working Well - -

125/47 G101 0 Working Well - -

37 G101 0 Working Well - -

116 G101 0 Working Artesian - -

52/3 G101 0 Rehabilitation possible Artesian - -

52/1 G101 0 Working Artesian - -

52/2 G101 0 Working Artesian - -

49a G101 0 Rehabilitation possible Well - -

62/3 G101 0 Working Artesian - -

7/1 G101 0 Working Well - -

64/2 G101 0 Working Artesian - -

B-343 G101 0 Working Spring - -

54a G101 0 Rehabilitation possible Well - -

207/31 G101 0 Rehabilitation possible Well - -

B-258 G101 0 Working Spring - -

199 G101 0 Rehabilitation possible Well - -

55 G101 0 Working Well - -

65 G101 0 Clogged Well - -

63 G101 0 Working Well - -

651 G300 146 Clogged Well 219 40,00

84/13 G300 10 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 173 10,00

8-2 G300 40 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 265 17,60

8-1 G300 100 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 265 0,00

8-3 G300 0 Rehabilitation possible Well 265 0,00

6a-1 G400 108 Flowing Well 307 100,00

6a-2 G400 219 Flowing artesian 307 46,00

1a G400 127 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 258 105,00

1 G400 127 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 258 125,00

595 G400 0 Clogged Well 298 0,00

592-1 G400 0 Flowing Artesian 233 0,00

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Well/ Spring Casing Depth Number GWB (mm) Status H (m) (m) 52 G400 0 Flowing Artesian 233 0,00

2a G400 0 Clogged Well 0 0,00

2 G400 0 Clogged Well 238 0,00

18 G400 219 Refurbished by EPIRB project Well 311 38,00

B1 G600 working spring 1581

B2 G600 working spring 1338

B3 G600 working spring 1130

623 G601 320 Clogged Well 377 0,00

0/1 G601 100 working well 718

B4 G601 working spring 718

B-261 G602 Working Spring 853 -

120 G602 127 Working Well 345 185

B345 G602 working Spring 912 -

Proposed monitoring programme Groundwater monitoring programme in the pilot basin shall formally consist of surveillance, operational and regular monitoring, drinking water protection areas and prevent and limit monitoring. Monitoring shall be concentrated in the groundwater bodies mostly used for drinking water supply: G100, G300 and G400 but there is need to conduct monitoring at least 2-3 sites in each GWB. Complex Hydrogeological Expedition of Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources, Republic of Azerbaijan will need to carry out surveillance monitoring in each 6 year in different parts of the year(2-4 times) for all parameters, onsite regular monitoring of anions and cations during years 2-6 needs to be conducted 2-4 times each year and also for WBS risk each those elements that put water body at risk should be monitored 1-4 times during years 2-6 . The quantitative monitoring means observation of long-term water level trends and assessment of saline or other intrusions caused by groundwater abstraction. Groundwater level monitoring stations shall be located across a groundwater body to achieve a good spatial cover of information within groundwater body recharge and discharge areas. Groundwater level and flow measurements shall be carried out in:

 Monitoring boreholes (surveillance monitoring) or production wells (operational monitoring);  Natural springs;  Surface water courses during drought periods (Balakan, Tala, Kumruk, Kish, Ayrichay, Ganjachay, Shamkircay, Tovuzchay , Zayamchay and Agstafachay rivers); It might be reasonable to install electronic data loggers to measure groundwater levels but till their installation water level needs to be measured by the local observers 3 times/month and during the sampling events, 2/4 times/year.

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The existing about 98 monitoring network (52 in Central Kura and over 46 in Ganikh sub basins boreholes) would be sufficient for the quantitative and surveillance monitoring if all monitoring wells were working properly. Inventory of the network is needed before the establishment of the WFD compliant monitoring programmes to check where new monitoring sites are needed to be established to have at least 3 monitoring sites in each GWBs. Chemical parameters, such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, electric conductivity; total dissolved solids, etc. have to be measured in the field as well as part of regular monitoring . Monitoring wells must be properly purged before collecting groundwater samples. The Complex Hydrogeological Expedition according to approved monitoring plans shall conduct surveillance (national), regular and operational monitoring of all groundwater bodies. General chemical parameters (main cations and anions, nutrients) which characterize groundwater chemical status and quality formed under the natural conditions and anthropogenic impacts shall be analysed in groundwater samples at least two times a year. Specific chemical components, like organic compounds and pesticides, with usually very low concentrations shall be monitored more than on time in six years, and trace elements shall monitored once in a two year period in wells where these components are likely to be detected. If budget for groundwater monitoring is not sufficient annual rotation of sampling wells may be recommended. It may be reasonable to extend the groundwater monitoring program proposed by EPIRB project / 7/ to the entire Kura Upstream of Mingachevir Dam pilot basin according to below tables.

Table 34. Groundwater monitoring parameters and frequency

Parameters and indices Frequency, at least For surveillance monitoring: First year of each 6 years planning cycle: 2-4 times a 1. Main anions and cations (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fetot , year NH4, HCO3, Cl, SO4, NO3, NO2) and physical properties (pH, specific conductivity, permanganate index, or TOC) 2. Dissolved elements (Fe, As, Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, etc.) 3. Pesticides* 4. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Phenols, Trichloroethylene, Tetrachlorethylene**

For regular monitoring Conduct during 2-6 years of each 6 years planning Main anions and cations and onsite measurement of cycle: 2-4 times a year physical parameters Monitoring of GWBs at risk monitoring of parameters Conduct during 2-6 years of each 6 years planning that makes GWB at risk according to existing cycle: 2-4 times a year standards Groundwater levels in monitoring wells, boreholes and Electronic data loggers – every 6-12 hrs. Other flow of natural springs monitoring wells 3 times/month. Springs- during the sampling events (2-4 times/year) Notes: * pesticides have to be analysed only in monitoring points located in the agricultural areas ** PAH, phenols, TCE&PCE have to be analyzed in the wells located in urban territories (Ganja, Tovuz, etc.) and near the industrial sites. For production of one monitoring may cost 150 EUR per analyse of samples from one site including 50 EUR for sampling and transportation of samples and 100 EUR for analyse and reporting. For 42 sites the total cost of one monitoring will be 6.300 EUR.

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In total about 15 thousand EUR in average will be required to conduct 2 times per year monitoring of main anions and cations and also according to the identified in above table time frame pesticides, dissolved elements, phenols and others. In order to select optimal number and most representative monitoring sites there is need to conduct field survey to assess state of existing and identify potential locations for new sites. Proposed quantitative and surveillance, regular and GWB at risk monitoring network is presented in the below figure and table.

Table 35. Proposed groundwater monitoring network

Purpose of surveillance, No/ Name and code of What is operational and regular No GWB No of monitoring well monitored monitoring of GWB Central Kura sub basin 1 Unconfined There is need to design at Level and all GWB status assessment at Quaternary GWB least 2 groundwater parameters for boreholes in Agstafa district (G200 and G500) monitoring sites surveillance, used for national and operational transboundary monitoring with and regular Georgia/- monitoring of GWB identified in Table 34 2 In all other GWBs Monitoring sites are wells, Level, There is need to investigate there is need to flowing wells and confined temperature existing monitoring sites to see if select at least 3 ground water aquifers and chemistry all of them are operational. If in representative any GWB there wouldn’t be GWB monitoring working monitoring site then site there will be need to restore some of already existing sites of construct new ones.

According to a preliminary assessment of pressures there are no GWB at risk in the Kura Upstream of Mingachevir Dam pilot basin, therefore only above quantitative and surveillance monitoring can be applied in the basin. Groundwater directive recommends establishment of threshold values for the chemical components making groundwater body at risk of not achieving WFD environmental objectives, but this task is not important for the groundwater bodies of the basin. In order to observe impact of groundwater abstraction it is recommended that water users perform groundwater monitoring in their abstraction points (well fields). The WFD Art. 7 recommends to monitor well fields abstracting >100 m³/day. Abandoned abstraction wells may be used for groundwater monitoring. Monitoring of drinking water protection areas and prevent & limit monitoring needs to be performed by the drinking water supply companies and potential polluters. Changes in legislation shall be foreseen in order to oblige water users to monitor impact of abstraction on groundwater bodies and polluters to perform prevent and limit monitoring.

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Figure 6: Map of groundwater monitoring network

5.3 Uncertainties, open issues and data / information gaps

In order to check if GWBs are affected significantly by human activity in some areas there will be a need to conduct field monitoring in Ganikh (also Central Kura, in spite of the fact that EPIRB project has conducted several field surveys there) sub basins. It would be important based on inventory of existing in Ganikh river basin monitoring sites to identify sites where rehabilitation work is needed or propose new ones and then start collecting data according to proposed program.

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6 CONCLUSIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED

Methodological basis for identification and delineation of groundwater bodies was provided by WFD CIS Guidance Documents. The geological boundaries of aquifer were defined, and their hydrodynamic differences and hydro chemical varieties were evaluated. Subdivision of aquifers into unmanageable number of water bodies was considered and small groundwater bodies with similar characteristics were grouped. Temporary codes and names were assigned to preliminary identified groundwater bodies. A total of nine groundwater bodies (GWB G100–602) have been preliminary identified and delineated in the upstream of Mingachevir reservoir dump (Table 36). Seven groundwater bodies have been identified in confined aquifers, and two GWB delineated in unconfined aquifers. All deep groundwater bodies (except for local aquifers in intrusive rocks) are used for drinking, agricultural and/or industrial water supply with abstraction of over 10 m³/d. The shallow groundwaters (interflow) have some local pollution and can be salty because of entering of salty waters from washing of clay solids. It should be noted that volumes of shallow groundwaters are very limited and in many cases they exist for a short period and are fed by seasonal snow melting and during rainfall and then dry in result of evaporation or spreading in large area. Therefore they aren’t used for drinking water purposes. They don’t have interface with surface water. Since these temporary shallow groundwaters are no groundwater bodies according to the definition of the Water Framework Di- rective no delineation was made for them. There will be need to assess status of all existing monitoring sites in Ganikh river basin, select more representative ones for quantitative and surveillance monitoring if necessary and assess their status to see if any rehabilitation work is needed. As there wasn’t enough GW quality data therefore to assess GWB status we could only use pressure information. Based on that data on existing pressure we concluded that status of GWs should be good. Only shallow temporary and salty GWs as it was explained in chapter 3,2 may have some local pollution .

Table 36. Preliminary identified GWB

Identifi ed GWB GWB temporary Name of the GWB Water‐bearing sediments (n) codes Upper‐Middle Quaternary Pebbles, gravel sand with interlayers of clay and 2 G‐100, 101 GWB Loam

Eluvial‐diluvial‐proluvial Gravel, sand, clay, loam and debris material 1 G‐200 GWB Lower Quaternary‐Upper Differently grained sands with gravel and pebbles, 1 G‐300 Pliocene GWB lenses and interlayers of sandy and clayey loam

Alluvial Holocene GWB in Pebbles, gravel sand with interlayers of sandy and 1 G‐400 river valleys clayey loam

Neocene (Absheron and Conglomerates, sandstones, sand, gravel, clay, 1 G‐500 Agjagil) GWB Limestone

Mesozoic (Jurassic‐ Porphyrites and their tuffs, tuff‐sandstones, tuff‐ 3 G‐600, 601, Cretaceous) GWB breccias, sandstones, limestone, marls 602

Total 9

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7 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Reference 1. Azerbaijan State Statistical Committee, 2014). stat.gov.az 2. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 estab- lishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Full text: http://eur‐ lex.eu- ropa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2000:327:0001:0072:EN:PDF/ 3. Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC). Guidance Document No 7 Monitoring under the Water Framework Directive, 2003. Available at: http://www.eurogeologists.de/images/content/panels_of_experts/hydrogeology/9E9DFd01.pdf 4. WFD CIS Guidance Document No. 3 – IMPRESS 5. Rustamov S.G., Kashkay R.M. Water resources of the rivers Azerbaijan SSR, 1989 6. Water Governance in the South Caucasus,DAI, USAID fuded project(www.daiwater.com) 7. River Basin Management Plan for Central Kura Basin District. by EU EPIRB project., 2015. Baku 8. Maxiam Alowed Concentration of pollutants in natural Ground waters. Narmative Documents of National Complex Geological Exploration Service of MENR.

“Hydrogeology of the Republic of Austria”. Edited by Max Mustermann. Vienna, Academy of Sciences of Austria, 1981. 1. BourdieuG.D. “Bottom Sediments of Lake Constance”. Rhine Basin. 1933, v. III, 2, p. 53-154. 2. Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC). Guidance Document No 2 Identification of water bodies, esp. Section 4 “Specific guidance on bodies of groundwater,” 15 January 2003. Available at: http://dqa.inag.pt/dqa2002/port/docs_apoio/doc_int/02/Water_Bodies_Guidance.pdf/ 3. EPIRBP, River Basin Management Plan for Central Kura Pilot Basin District (Agstafachay, Tovuzchay, Shamkirchay and Ganjachay 4. Identification, Characterization And Delineation Of Groundwater Bodies In The Caucasus Coun- tries/ www.blacksea-riverbasins.net )

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8 ANNEX 1: LIST AND MAPS OF GROUNDWATER BODIES IN THE KURA UPPER MINGACHEVIR RESERVOIR BASIN DISTRICT

Identifi ed GWB GWB temporary Name of the GWB Water‐bearing sediments (n) codes Upper‐Middle Quaternary Pebbles, gravel sand with interlayers of clay and 2 G‐100, 101 GWB loam

Eluvial‐diluvial‐proluvial GWB Gravel, sand, clay, loam and debris material 1 G‐200

Lower Quaternary‐Upper Differently grained sands with gravel and pebbles, 1 G‐300 Pliocene GWB lenses and interlayers of sandy and clayey loam

Alluvial Holocene GWB in Pebbles, gravel sand with interlayers of sandy and 1 G‐400 river valleys clayey loam

Neocene (Absheron and Conglomerates, sandstones, sand, gravel, clay, 1 G‐500 Agjagil) GWB limestone

Mesozoic (Jurassic‐ Porphyrites and their tuffs, tuff‐sandstones, tuff‐ 3 G‐600, 601, Cretaceous) GWB breccias, sandstones, limestone, marls 602

Total 9

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9 ANNEX 2: CHARACTERISATION OF GROUNDWATER BODIES IN THE KURA UPPER MINGACHEVIR RESERVOIR BASIN DISTRICT

Template for Characterisation of Groundwater bodies (G100)

Parameter Unit Value GWB code G100

GWB name Quaternary 1

GWB unit area (km²) 2841

Stratigraphy (geological Q3‐4 index) Lithological description Pebbles, gravel, sand with clay and loam interlayers

Aquifer type (unconfined, Unconfined artesian) Overlying strata Soil

GWB thickness (m) – min, max, 40–70; 55 mean Hydraulic conductivity К (m/d) – min, 10–30; 15,5 max, mean

Transmissivity T (m²/d) – min, 36–15 000; 850 max, mean

GW level (m) min, max, mean 3–40; 21,5

GWL – annual amplitude (m) 0,2–1,2

Abstraction >10 m³/d (yes/no) Yes

Abstraction springs (number) 28

Abstraction wells (number) 2500

Abstraction purpose Drinking water and agricultural water supply Groundwater basin type Ground and pressured water complex

Groundwater horizon (horizontal) Groundwater basin has 4 pressured and one ground water horizon. Aquifer – Please kindly indicate It is unlimited pressure type. prevailing water pressure type Aquifer – Geological age Anticlinal rises parallel to Kura River are formed from Absheron deposits. Ganja mainland was created in Pliocene-Quartenary complex and formed from fungus sediments. Upper layers - Petrography The upper layer was formed from water permeable sandy rocks, sand, gravel and cobblestones, while consisting of water permeable rocks.

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Parameter Unit Value Upper layers – Average thickness Thickness of upper continental rocks is 284 m in mountainous part, and 36 m in the foothill and plain area, as well as towards Kura River. Non-permeable top layer Non-permeable upper layer consists of thin clays.

Non-permeable top layer - Middle The thickness of non-permeable clay layers tends to cover increase towards the depth. The thickness of non- permeable layer consisting of clays range from 4-12 m to 31-47 m. Average age of groundwater The effective thickness of upper aquifer is between 3-179 m, and in many areas, between 50-100 m. Number of chemical monitoring points 96

Number of quantity monitoring points 42

Annual groundwater intake Water intake is carried out in the volume of 50-70 l/second from groundwater from the depth of 150- 300 m through the pumps. Local ecosystems Mainly freshwater ecosystem. It is practically used for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes. Yield of wells and springs (l/s) 0,04–23

Chemical composition (main cations Hydrocarbonate, sulphate, calcium and anions)

Recharge main source Infiltration from rivers, irrigation

Associated aquatic ecosystems Interaction with surface waters

GWL – trend Seasonal fluctuation

Main human activity Abstraction and agriculture

GWB chemical status Good. Pollution with products from agriculture is observed locally.

GWB quantitative status Good

Confidence level of information High

Annual precipitation (mm) 185–200

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Template for Characterisation of Groundwater bodies (G101)

Parameter Unit Value GWB code G101

GWB name Quaternary 1

GWB unit area (km²) 2456

Stratigraphy (geological Q3‐4 index) Lithological description From boulder-pebble differences to fine-grained sands

Aquifer type (unconfined, Artesian basin artesian) Overlying strata Soil

GWB thickness (m) – min, max, От 4-5 до 230-270; 10-20. mean Hydraulic conductivity К (m/d) – min, 0,2; 15,8; 3-5; max, mean

Transmissivity T (m²/d) – min, 1000; 2900; 1800; max, mean

GW level (m) min, max, 1,0; 120; 10; mean GWL – annual amplitude (m) 1,0

Abstraction >10 m³/d (yes/no) Yes

Abstraction springs (number) 6

Abstraction wells (number) 30

Abstraction purpose Drinking water, domestic, agricultural water supply and medical Groundwater basin type Ground and pressured water complex

Groundwater horizon (horizontal) Ground and pressured water horizons separate unique water horizon of particular aquifers. In this complex, one of the waters is linked to another. Aquifer – Please kindly indicate Unlimited prevailing water pressure type Aquifer – Geological age Quaternary continental alluvial-proluvial sedimentary rocks are spread. Upper layers - Petrography Clay and clay-loam, sandy and arenaceous sedimentary rocks. Upper layers – Average thickness Groundwater extraction depth varies from 12.8 to 51.8 m in the peak of brought rocks cone, and from 1.1 to 4.5 m in the periphery. The thickness of the aquifer horizon constitutes 25-200 m. Non-permeable top layer Yes, available. It consists of clays.

Non-permeable top layer - Middle The thickness of top non-permeable layer ranges cover between 5-30 m, rarely it becomes up to 45 m. Average age of groundwater Effective thickness of watery horizons is up to 100 m, and it is comprised of pebble and sand. Sometimes it is up to 230-270 m.

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Parameter Unit Value Number of chemical monitoring points 3

Number of quantity monitoring points 1

Annual groundwater intake Exploitation reserve of groundwaters has been assessed 15 m3/second (or in the volume of 1242,43 million. m3) for linear water pumps. Local ecosystems Mainly freshwater ecosystem. It is practically used for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes. Yield of wells and springs (l/s) 0,3-31;

Chemical composition (main cations Hydrocarbonate, hydrocarbonate-sulphate, kalsi- 2- 2+ and anions) sodium, kalsi-magnesium. HCO3, SO , Ca

Recharge main source Filtration on top. , precipitation and meltwater

Associated aquatic ecosystems Interaction with surface waters

GWL – trend Seasonal fluctuations

Main human activity Use for irrigation

GWB chemical status Good. Pollution of agricultural products is observed at the local level.

GWB quantitative status Good

Confidence level of information High

Annual precipitation (mm) From 1500-1600 till 300-400, mean 500-1000

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Template for Characterisation of Groundwater bodies (G200)

Parameter unit Value GWB code G200

GWB name Eluvial

GWB unit area (km²) 1638

Stratigraphy (geological edpQ4 index) Lithological description Gravel, sand, clay and loam, debris material

Aquifer type (unconfined, Confined artesian) Overlying strata Clays

GWB thickness (m) – min, 10–55; 32,5 max, mean Hydraulic conductivity К (m/d) – min, 1,0–25; 13,0 max, mean

Transmissivity T (m²/d) – min, 200–500 max, mean

GW level (m) min, max, +8,0 to ‐55,0; ‐23,5 mean GWL – annual amplitude (m) 1,02–1,53

Abstraction >10 m³/d (yes/no) Yes

Abstraction springs (number) No data

Abstraction wells (number) No data

Abstraction purpose Drinking water and agricultural water supply

Groundwater basin type Less watery, sometimes no water

Groundwater horizon (horizontal) Groundwater is encountered everywhere. Its location depth ranges between 70-98 meter, and goes to the surface while decreasing towards Kura River and in some places, it goes out to the surface in the form of wetland. The number of pressured watery horizons is 4. Out of them, 3rd and 4th horizons respectively consist of Absheron and Fungus sediments. Aquifer – Please kindly indicate prevailing Limited water pressure type

Aquifer – Geological age Anticlinal rises parallel to Kura River are formed from Absheron deposits.

Upper layers - Petrography Non-permeable clay layers

Upper layers – Average thickness Non-permeable clay layers

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Parameter unit Value Non-permeable top layer Non-permeable clay layers

Non-permeable top layer - Middle cover Non-permeable clay layers

Average age of groundwater Permeable rocks consist of sands, and pebbles, where the intervals are full of river stones. Effective thickness of aquifer rocks is 5.5-185,2 m. Number of chemical monitoring points 3

Number of quantity monitoring points 2

Annual groundwater intake Water is not taken

Local ecosystems Mainly freshwater ecosystem

Yield of wells and springs (l/s) 10–35

Chemical composition (main cations Hydrocarbonate, sulphate, and anions) calcium

Recharge main source Infiltration from rivers and canals, irrigation

Associated aquatic ecosystems Related with surface ecosystems via unconfined aquifers

GWL – trend Stable, no trend

Main human activity Abstraction and agriculture

GWB chemical status Good. Pollution with agricultural products is observed locally.

GWB quantitative status Good

Confidence level of information High

Annual precipitation (mm) 185–200

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Template for Characterisation of Groundwater bodies (G300)

Parameter unit Value GWB code G300

GWB name Quaternary1

GWB unit area (km²) 849

Stratigraphy (geological Q23‐Q1 index) Lithological description Gravel, sand, clay and loam

Aquifer type (unconfined, Confined artesian) Overlying strata Clays

GWB thickness (m) – min, max, 3–80; 200 mean Hydraulic conductivity К (m/d) – min, 1,0–30,0; 15,5 max, mean

Transmissivity T (m²/d) – min, 16–90; 700 max, mean

GW level (m) min, max, mean +14–80; 22,5

GWL – annual amplitude (m) 1,02–1,50

Abstraction >10 m³/d (yes/no) Yes

Abstraction springs (number) No data

Abstraction wells (number) No data

Abstraction purpose Drinking and agricultural water supply

Groundwater basin type Ground and pressured water complex

Groundwater horizon (horizontal) Ground water basin has 4 pressured and one groundwater horizon.

Aquifer – Please kindly indicate Unlimited pressure type. prevailing water pressure type

Aquifer – Geological age The topsoil consists of clay loam and pebble (boulder) continental sediments belonging to Pliocene-Anthropogenic period. Anticlinal rises parallel to Kura River are formed from Absheron deposits. Ganja plain was formed in Pliocene- Quaternary period and consist of fungus sediments. Upper layers - Petrography Upper layer consists of permeable rocks and organized from sand, gravel-pebbles and river stones. Upper layers – Average thickness The thickness of upper continental rocks is 284 m in mountainous part, and up to 36 m in foothill and mainland area, as well as towards Kura River.

Non-permeable top layer Consists of non-permeable upper thin clays.

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Parameter unit Value Non-permeable top layer - Middle While going to the depth, the thickness of non- cover permeable clay layers increases. The thickness of non-permeable layer consisting of clays varies between 4-12 m to 31-47 m. Average age of groundwater Effective thickness of upper watery horizon is between 3-179 m, and in many places 50-100 m.

Number of chemical monitoring points 16

Number of quantity monitoring points 4

Yield of wells and springs (l/s) 10–35

Chemical composition (main cations Hydrocarbonate, sulphate, and anions) calcium

Recharge main source Infiltration from rivers and canals, irrigation

Associated aquatic ecosystems Via overlying aquifers

GWL – trend Seasonal fluctuation

Main human activity Abstraction and agriculture

GWB chemical status Good

GWB quantitative status Good

Confidence level of information High

Annual precipitation (mm) 185–200

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Template for Characterisation of Groundwater bodies (G400)

Parameter unit Value GWB code G400

GWB name Alluvial

GWB unit area (km²) 743

Stratigraphy (geological index) aQ4

Lithological description Pebbles, gravel, sand

Aquifer type (unconfined, Unconfined artesian) Overlying strata Boulders, pebbles

GWB thickness (m) – min, max, 14–70, 42 mean Hydraulic conductivity К (m/d) – min, 5,4–69,9; 37,65 max, mean

Transmissivity T (m²/d) – min, max, 184–2635; 1400 mean GW level (m) min, max, mean 3–8; 5,5

GWL – annual amplitude (m) 0,5–1,5; 1,0

Abstraction >10 m³/d (yes/no) Yes

Abstraction springs (number) No data

Abstraction wells (number) No data

Abstraction purpose Local domestic and agricultural use

Groundwater basin type Ground and pressured water complex

Groundwater horizon (horizontal) Ground water basin has 4 pressured and one groundwater horizon.

Aquifer – Please kindly indicate Unlimited pressure type. prevailing water pressure type

Aquifer – Geological age Anticlinal rises parallel to Kura River are formed from Absheron deposits. Ganja plain was formed in Pliocene-Quaternary period and consist of fungus sediments. Upper layers - Petrography Upper layer consists of permeable rocks and organized from sand, gravel-pebbles and river stones. Upper layers – Average thickness The thickness of upper continental rocks is 284 m in mountainous part, and up to 36 m in foothill and mainland area, as well as towards Kura River. Non-permeable top layer Consists of non-permeable upper thin clays.

Non-permeable top layer - Middle cover While going to the depth, the thickness of non- permeable clay layers increases. The thickness of non-permeable layer consisting of clays varies between 4-12 m to 31-47 m.

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Parameter unit Value Average age of groundwater Effective thickness of upper watery horizon is between 3-179 m, and in many places 50-100 m. Number of chemical monitoring points 96

Number of quantity monitoring points 42

Annual groundwater intake Water intake is carried out in the volume of 50- 70 l/second from groundwater from the depth of 150-300 m through the pumps. Local ecosystems Mainly freshwater ecosystem. It is practically used for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes. Yield of wells and springs (l/s) 10,0–15,0

Chemical composition (main cations and Hydrocarbonate, sulphate, calcium anions)

Recharge main source River water

Associated aquatic ecosystems Recharge‐discharge in river valleys

GWL – trend Seasonal fluctuation

Main human activity Extraction of sand and gravel

GWB chemical status Good

GWB quantitative status Good

Confidence level of information High

Annual precipitation (mm) 185–200

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Template for Characterisation of Groundwater bodies (G500)

Parameter unit Value GWB code G500

GWB name Neogene

GWB unit area (km²) 1343

Stratigraphy (geological N1+N2 index) Lithological description Conglomerates, sandstones, sands, gravel, clay, limestone

Aquifer type (unconfined, Confined artesian) Overlying strata Clays

GWB thickness (m) – min, 20,0–87,0; 7,5 max, mean Hydraulic conductivity К (m/d) – min, 3,0–12,0; 7,5 max, mean

Transmissivity T (m²/d) – min, 10–925; 450 max, mean GW level (m) min, max, +24,2 to ‐55,8; ‐30 mean GWL – annual amplitude (m) 1,02–1,53

Abstraction >10 m³/d (yes/no) Yes, but only locally

Abstraction springs (number) No data

Abstraction wells (number) No data

Abstraction purpose Local drinking water and agricultural water supply

Groundwater basin type Less watery, sometimes no water

Groundwater horizon (horizontal) Groundwater is encountered everywhere. Its location depth ranges between 70-98 meter and goes to the surface while decreasing towards Kura River and in some places, it goes out to the surface in the form of wetland. The number of pressured watery horizons is 4. Out of them, 3rd and 4th horizons respectively consist of Absheron and Fungus sediments. Aquifer – Please kindly indicate Limited prevailing water pressure type Aquifer – Geological age Anticlinal rises parallel to Kura River are formed from Absheron deposits. Upper layers - Petrography Non-permeable clay layers

Upper layers – Average thickness Non-permeable clay layers

Non-permeable top layer Non-permeable clay layers

Non-permeable top layer - Middle cover Non-permeable clay layers

Average age of groundwater Permeable rocks consist of sands, and pebbles, where the intervals are full of river stones. Effective thickness of aquifer rocks is 5.5-185,2 m.

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Parameter unit Value Number of chemical monitoring points 3

Number of quantity monitoring points 2

Annual groundwater intake Water is not taken

Local ecosystems Mainly freshwater ecosystem

Yield of wells and springs (l/s) 10–35

Chemical composition (main cations Hydrocarbonate, sulphate, calcium and anions)

Recharge main source Infiltration from rivers and canals, irrigation

Associated aquatic ecosystems Via overlying aquifers

GWL – trend Seasonal fluctuation

Main human activity Agriculture

GWB chemical status Good

GWB quantitative status Good

Confidence level of information High

Annual precipitation (mm) 185–200

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Template for Characterisation of Groundwater bodies (G600)

Parameter unit Value GWB code G600

GWB name Mesozoic

GWB unit area (km²) 4251

Stratigraphy (geological J2‐3, K2 index) Lithological description Conglomerates, porphyrites and their tuffs, tuff‐ sandstones, quartz porphyrites and their tuffs

Aquifer type (unconfined, Confined artesian) Overlying strata Sandstones, limestones, tuffs

GWB thickness (m) – min, 40–120; 80 max, mean Hydraulic conductivity К (m/d) – min, 0,5–1,5; 1,0 max, mean

Transmissivity T (m²/d) – min, 30–100; 65 max, mean

GW level (m) min, max, 7,0–74; 40,5 mean GWL – annual amplitude (m) 0,02–0,8

Abstraction >10 m³/d (yes/no) Yes, locally

Abstraction springs (number) 28

Abstraction wells (number)

Abstraction purpose Local drinking water and agricultural water supply

Groundwater basin type Ground and pressured water complex

Groundwater horizon (horizontal) Groundwater basin has 6 pressured and one groundwater horizon.

Aquifer – Please kindly indicate Unlimited prevailing water pressure type

Aquifer – Geological age Upper Pliocene and Quaternary sediments are formed.

Upper layers - Petrography Garabagh Plateau part of upper surface consists of lava sediments, streams and volcanic cones formed as a result of Upper Pliocene-Anthropogenic volcanism. The surface of the plain is composed of clay loam- pebble continental sediments. River stones, gravel, pebbles, and sands are presented in aquifer.

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Parameter unit Value Upper layers – Average thickness Unpressured ground water and three pressured In the depth of Quaternary sediments at the thickness of up to 400 m has formed untested groundwater and three pressured water horizons were formed in the depth of up to 400 meter of Quaternary sediments. Fourth and fifth pressured watery horizons belong respectively to Absheron and fungus sediments. Non-permeable top layer Nin-permeable layer consists of clays and its thickness is not more.

Non-permeable top layer - Middle Non-permeable rock layer starts from 50-60 m towards cover Kura River, and from the depth of 200 m in mountainous part. Thickness of non-permeable layer varies between 3-5 m and 10-60 m. Average age of groundwater Thickness of watery rocks range between 4-109 m.

Number of chemical monitoring 2 points

Number of quantity monitoring 2 points

Annual groundwater intake Exploitation reserve of groundwater has been assessed in the volume of 95,6 thousand m3.

Local ecosystems Mainly freshwater ecosystem. It is practically used for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes.

Yield of wells and springs (l/s) 0,1–1,5

Chemical composition (main cations Hydrocarbonate, sulphate and anions)

Recharge main source Atmospheric precipitation

Associated aquatic ecosystems Not related

GWL – trend Seasonal fluctuation

Main human activity Abstraction and agriculture

GWB chemical status Good

GWB quantitative status Good

Confidence level of information High

Annual precipitation (mm) 185–255

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Template for Characterisation of Groundwater bodies (G601)

Parameter unit Value GWB code G601

GWB name Mesozoic

GWB unit area (km²) 303

Stratigraphy (geological index) J2‐3, K2

Lithological description Conglomerates, porphyrites and their tuffs, tuff‐ sandstones, quartz porphyrites and their tuffs

Aquifer type (unconfined, Artesian basin artesian) Overlying strata Sandstones, limestones, tuffs

GWB thickness (m) – min, max, 3; 179; 50-100. mean Hydraulic conductivity К (m/d) – min, 0,04; 105,9; 10-20. max, mean

Transmissivity T (m²/d) – min, max, 1-200; 1000-2550; 1700. mean

GW level (m) min, max, mean 1-3; 10-30; 2,5-3.

GWL – annual amplitude (m) 0, sometimes 1,0-2,0.

Abstraction >10 m³/d (yes/no) дyes

Abstraction springs (number)

Abstraction wells (number)

Abstraction purpose Drinking water, domestic, agricultural water supply

Groundwater basin type Ground and pressured water complex

Groundwater horizon (horizontal) Ground water basin has 4 pressured and one groundwater horizon.

Aquifer – Please kindly indicate Unlimited pressure type. prevailing water pressure type

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Number of chemical monitoring 96 points

Number of quantity monitoring 42 points

Yield of wells and springs (l/s) 1297 million м3

Chemical composition (main cations and Hydrocarbonate, calcium 2+ anions) HCO3, Ca

Recharge main source Filtrasia on top. , sedimentary water

Associated aquatic ecosystems Interaction with surface waters

GWL – trend Seasonal fluctuations

Main human activity Use for irrigation

GWB chemical status Good. Pollution of agricultural products is observed at the local level. GWB quantitative status Good

Confidence level of information High

Annual precipitation (mm) 250 - 550, mean 320.

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Template for Characterisation of Groundwater bodies (G602)

Parameter Unit Value GWB code G602

GWB name Yaur and Cretaceous

GWB unit area (km²) 2141

Stratigraphy (geological index) J1-3, K1-2

-Lithological description From boulder-pebble differences to fine-grained sands

Aquifer type (unconfined, Artesian basin artesian) Overlying strata Sandstones, limestones, tuffs

GWB thickness (m) – min, max, Min 4-5,Max 230-270; Mean 10-20. mean Hydraulic conductivity К (m/d) – min, 0,2; 15,8; 3-5; max, mean

Transmissivity T (m²/d) – min, max, 1000; 3900; 2000; mean

GW level (m) min, max, mean 1,0; 120; 10;

GWL – annual amplitude (m) 1,0

Abstraction >10 m³/d (yes/no) no

Abstraction springs (number) no

Abstraction wells (number) No boring

Abstraction purpose Not used

Groundwater basin type Ground and pressured water complex

Groundwater horizon (horizontal) Ground and pressured water horizons separate unique water horizon of particular aquifers.

Aquifer – Please kindly indicate Unlimited prevailing water pressure type

Aquifer – Geological age Quaternary continental alluvial-proluvial sedimentary rocks

Upper layers - Petrography Clay-clay loam, sandy-gerbil sedimentary rocks

Upper layers – Average thickness Effective thickness of watery horizon is 100 m. Sometimes it ranges between 230-270 m.

Non-permeable top layer Yes, it exists. It consists of clays and the quantity is more in some places deeper than 4-6 m.

Non-permeable top layer - Middle Thickness of upper non-permeable layer ranges cover between 5-30 m, and in rare circumstances, up to 45 m.

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Parameter Unit Value Average age of groundwater Effective thickness of watery horizon is more than 100 m, and up to 230-270 m in some places.

Number of chemical monitoring 3 points

Number of quantity monitoring 2 points

Annual groundwater intake Exploitation reserve of groundwater has been assessed in the volume of 161,3 m3/day. In particular years, groundwater is used through damming (captation) and separate wells. Local ecosystems Mainly freshwater ecosystem. It is practically used for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes.

Yield of wells and springs (l/s) 0,3-31;

Chemical composition (main cations and Hydrocarbonate, hydrocarbonate-sulphate, kalsi- 2- 2+ anions) sodium, kalsi-magnesium. HCO3, SO , Ca

Recharge main source Filtrasia on top. , precipitation and meltwater

Associated aquatic ecosystems Interaction with surface waters

GWL – trend Seasonal fluctuations

Main human activity Not used

GWB chemical status Good

GWB quantitative status Good

Confidence level of information High

Annual precipitation (mm) (1500-1600) – (300-400), mean 500-1000

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10 ANNEX 3: LIST OF GROUNDWATER MONITORING SITES IN THE KURA UPPER MINGACHEVIR RESERVOIR BASIN DISTRICT

Characterisation of groundwater monitoring well / spring (20)

Identification unit Value

Monitoring site code 20

Monitoring site name Ganja city

Monitoring site principle type Well

Location

GWB code G100

GWB name Ganja-Gazakh

Administrative unit code municipality

Protection zone no

Coordinate system Yes

Coordinate system – x coordinates 40041l52.3İİ

Coordinate system – y coordinates 46026l32.3İİ

Elevation of reference point above sea level 289

Near the Ganja Access description city

Near the alu- Sketch of the access route minium factory

Near the alu- Location plan / site plan minium factory and rail road

Owner

Name of owner municipality

Street of owner

Post code and city of owner

Phone number of owner

Email of owner

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Contact person

Name of contact person municipality

Street of contact person

Post code and city of contact person Ganja City

Phone number of contact person

Email of contact person

Life time cycle

Information entered / updated by R.Mammadov

Date of collection of information 1972

Start of monitoring [MM.YYYY]

End of monitoring [MM.YYYY] Continue

Replacement of which site

Replaced by which site

Status of monitoring site Site monitored

Reason for closing

Type of chemical monitoring

Significant changes

Technical specification of monitoring site

boulders, peb- Drilling profile available ble

Drilling profile of the well Depth - 35

Development plan available

Development plan of the well

Pressure type of groundwater Pressure

Material of capture Not concrete

Material of pipes Iron

Characterisation of monitoring site

Use of the monitoring site no

Purpose of monitoring site Quality of GW

Sub type of monitoring site well

Remark to other type of monitoring site

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Construction year 1972

Diameter of well 89

Sampling method By pump

Distance between abstraction and sampling 2 m

Sampling depth 19 m

Frequency of water abstraction

Springs (further information)

Spring recharge area identified

Size of spring recharge area [km²]

Average elevation of spring recharge area above sea level [m a.s.l.]

Average residence time [a]

Precipitation monitoring

Pressure situation

Influence by industry and manufacturing Local

Influence by old deposits / brownfield no

Influence by waste deposits no

Influence by transportation network No

Influence by sewer treatment and percolation No

Influence by oil and gas enterprises no

Influence by agriculture Interferes

Other influences no

Monitoring

Monitoring of quantity Water level,

Monitoring frequency of quantity Regular

Conductivity, temperature, Monitoring of chemistry mineralisation, pH

Monitoring frequency of chemistry

Monitoring of drinking water quality

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Characterisation of groundwater monitoring well / spring

Identification unit Value

Monitoring site code 608

Monitoring site name Shamkir

Monitoring site principle type Well

Location

GWB code G100

GWB name Ganja-Gazakh

Administrative unit code municipality

Protection zone no

Coordinate system Yes

Coordinate system – x coordinates 40056l16.9İİ

Coordinate system – y coordinates 45047l16.3İİ

Elevation of reference point above sea level 386

Access description Duzqiriqli village

Sketch of the access route Near the high way road Ganja Gazakh

Location plan / site plan Left site of high way road

Owner

Name of owner municipality

Street of owner

Post code and city of owner

Phone number of owner

Email of owner

Contact person

Name of contact person municipality

Street of contact person

Post code and city of contact person Duzqiriqli village of Tovuz r.

Phone number of contact person

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Email of contact person

Life time cycle

Information entered / updated by R.Mammadov

Date of collection of information 1972

Start of monitoring [MM.YYYY]

End of monitoring [MM.YYYY] Continue

Replacement of which site

Replaced by which site

Status of monitoring site Site monitored

Reason for closing

Type of chemical monitoring

Significant changes

Technical specification of monitoring site

Drilling profile available boulders, pebble

Drilling profile of the well Depth - 35

Development plan available

Development plan of the well

Pressure type of groundwater pressure water

Material of capture Not concrete

Material of pipes Iron

Characterisation of monitoring site

Use of the monitoring site no

Purpose of monitoring site

Sub type of monitoring site well

Remark to other type of monitoring site

Construction year 1972

Diameter of well 108

Sampling method By pump

Distance between abstraction and sampling

Sampling depth 22.1 m

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Frequency of water abstraction

Springs (further information)

Spring recharge area identified

Size of spring recharge area [km²]

Average elevation of spring recharge area above sea level [m a.s.l.]

Average residence time [a]

Precipitation monitoring

Pressure situation

Influence by industry and manufacturing no

Influence by old deposits / brownfield no

Influence by waste deposits Sometimes it interferes.

Influence by transportation network Sometimes it interferes.

Influence by sewer treatment and percolation No

Influence by oil and gas enterprises no

Influence by agriculture Interferes

Other influences no

Monitoring

Monitoring of quantity Water level,

Monitoring frequency of quantity Regular

Monitoring of chemistry Conductivity, temperature, mineralisation, pH

Monitoring frequency of chemistry

Monitoring of drinking water quality

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Characterisation of groundwater monitoring well / spring

Identification unit Value

Monitoring site code 598

Monitoring site name Tovuz r.

Monitoring site principle type Well

Location

GWB code G100

GWB name Ganja-Gazakh

Administrative unit code Private

Protection zone no

Coordinate system YES

Coordinate system – x coordinates 41001l51.6İİ

Coordinate system – y coordinates 45035l59.1İİ

Elevation of reference point above sea level 385

Access description Village road

Sketch of the access route Calilli village

Location plan / site plan In the yard of house

Owner

Name of owner

Street of owner

Post code and city of owner

Phone number of owner

Email of owner

Contact person

Name of contact person Private

Street of contact person

Post code and city of contact person Calilli village of Tovuz r.

Phone number of contact person

Email of contact person

Life time cycle

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Information entered / updated by R.Mammadov

Date of collection of information 1972

Start of monitoring [MM.YYYY]

End of monitoring [MM.YYYY] Continue

Replacement of which site

Replaced by which site

Status of monitoring site Site monitored

Reason for closing

Type of chemical monitoring

Significant changes

Technical specification of monitoring site

Drilling profile available boulders, pebble

Drilling profile of the well Depth - 35

Development plan available

Development plan of the well

Pressure type of groundwater Pressure

Material of capture Not concrete

Material of pipes Iron

Characterisation of monitoring site

Use of the monitoring site Private household water supply

Purpose of monitoring site Water abstraction

Sub type of monitoring site well

Remark to other type of monitoring site

Construction year 1972

Diameter of well 146

Sampling method By pump

Distance between abstraction and sampling 10 m

Sampling depth 8.5 m

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Frequency of water abstraction

Springs (further information)

Spring recharge area identified

Size of spring recharge area [km²]

Average elevation of spring recharge area above sea level [m a.s.l.]

Average residence time [a]

Precipitation monitoring

Pressure situation

Influence by industry and manufacturing no

Influence by old deposits / brownfield no

Influence by waste deposits Sometimes it interferes.

Influence by transportation network No

Influence by sewer treatment and percolation No

Influence by oil and gas enterprises no

Influence by agriculture Interferes

Other influences no

Monitoring

Monitoring of quantity Water level,

Monitoring frequency of quantity Regular

Monitoring of chemistry Conductivity, temperature, mineralisation, pH

Monitoring frequency of chemistry

Monitoring of drinking water quality

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Characterisation of groundwater monitoring well / spring

Identification unit Value

Monitoring site code 18

Monitoring site name Tovuz r.

Monitoring site principle type Well

Location

GWB code G400

GWB name Ganja-Gazakh

Administrative unit code Private

Protection zone no

Coordinate system Yes

Coordinate system – x coordinates 40056l51İİ

Coordinate system – y coordinates 45048l36.6İİ

Elevation of reference point above sea level 359

Access description Village road

Sketch of the access route Eyyublu village

Location plan / site plan In the yard of the house

Owner

Name of owner Private

Street of owner

Post code and city of owner

Phone number of owner

Email of owner

Contact person

Name of contact person Private

Street of contact person

Post code and city of contact person Eyyublu village of Tovuz r.

Phone number of contact person

Email of contact person

Life time cycle

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Information entered / updated by R.Mammadov

Date of collection of information 1972

Start of monitoring [MM.YYYY]

End of monitoring [MM.YYYY] Continue

Replacement of which site

Replaced by which site

Status of monitoring site Site monitored

Reason for closing

Type of chemical monitoring

Significant changes

Technical specification of monitoring site

Drilling profile available boulders, pebble

Drilling profile of the well Depth - 135

Development plan available

Development plan of the well

Pressure type of groundwater Pressure water

Material of capture Not concrete

Material of pipes Iron

Characterisation of monitoring site

Use of the monitoring site Private household water supply

Purpose of monitoring site Water abstraction

Sub type of monitoring site well

Remark to other type of monitoring site

Construction year 1972

Diameter of well 146

Sampling method Bu pump

Distance between abstraction and sampling 3 m

Sampling depth 17 m

98 ENI/2016/372-403 Groundwater bodies and groundwater monitoring network Final Report in the Upper Kura River Basin District - Azerbaijan

Frequency of water abstraction

Springs (further information)

Spring recharge area identified

Size of spring recharge area [km²]

Average elevation of spring recharge area above sea level [m a.s.l.]

Average residence time [a]

Precipitation monitoring

Pressure situation

Influence by industry and manufacturing no

Influence by old deposits / brownfield no

Influence by waste deposits Sometimes it interferes.

Influence by transportation network No

Influence by sewer treatment and percolation No

Influence by oil and gas enterprises no

Influence by agriculture Interferes

Other influences no

Monitoring

Monitoring of quantity Water level,

Monitoring frequency of quantity Regular

Monitoring of chemistry Conductivity, temperature, mineralisation, pH

Monitoring frequency of chemistry

Monitoring of drinking water quality

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Characterisation of groundwater monitoring well / spring

Identification unit Value

Monitoring site code 52

Monitoring site name Akstafa r.

Monitoring site principle type Well

Location

GWB code G100

GWB name Ganja-Gazakh

Administrative unit code Municipality

Protection zone no

Coordinate system yes

Coordinate system – x coordinates 41012l53.8İİ

Coordinate system – y coordinates 45026l48.5İİ

Elevation of reference point above sea level 230

Access description Poylu village road

Sketch of the access route Near the high way road

Location plan / site plan In the yard of restaurant

Owner

Name of owner municipality

Street of owner

Post code and city of owner

Phone number of owner

Email of owner

Contact person

Name of contact person municipality

Street of contact person

Post code and city of contact person Poylu village of Akstafa r.

Phone number of contact person

100 ENI/2016/372-403 Groundwater bodies and groundwater monitoring network Final Report in the Upper Kura River Basin District - Azerbaijan

Email of contact person

Life time cycle

Information entered / updated by R.Mammadov

Date of collection of information 1988

Start of monitoring [MM.YYYY]

End of monitoring [MM.YYYY] Continue

Replacement of which site

Replaced by which site

Status of monitoring site Site monitored

Reason for closing

Type of chemical monitoring

Significant changes

Technical specification of monitoring site

Drilling profile available boulders, pebble

Drilling profile of the well Depth - 130

Development plan available

Development plan of the well

Pressure type of groundwater Pressure

Material of capture Not concrete

Material of pipes Iron

Characterisation of monitoring site

Use of the monitoring site Drinking water supply

Purpose of monitoring site Water abstraction

Sub type of monitoring site artesian

Remark to other type of monitoring site

Construction year 1988

Diameter of well 278

Sampling method Level

Distance between abstraction and sampling 2 m

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Sampling depth overflow

Frequency of water abstraction

Springs (further information)

Spring recharge area identified

Size of spring recharge area [km²]

Average elevation of spring recharge area above sea level [m a.s.l.]

Average residence time [a]

Precipitation monitoring

Pressure situation

Influence by industry and manufacturing no

Influence by old deposits / brownfield no

Influence by waste deposits no

Influence by transportation network No

Influence by sewer treatment and percolation No

Influence by oil and gas enterprises no

Influence by agriculture Interferes

Other influences no

Monitoring

Monitoring of quantity Water level,

Monitoring frequency of quantity Regular

Monitoring of chemistry Conductivity, temperature, mineralisation, pH

Monitoring frequency of chemistry

Monitoring of drinking water quality done

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Characterisation of groundwater monitoring well / spring

Identification unit Value

Monitoring site code B4

Monitoring site name Topalhasanli village

Monitoring site principle type Spring

Location

GWB code G601

GWB name Ganja-Gazakh

Administrative unit code municipality

Protection zone no

Coordinate system yes

Coordinate system – x coordinates 40033l18.8İİ

Coordinate system – y coordinates 46016l53.7İİ

Elevation of reference point above sea level 718

Access description Topalhasanli village

Sketch of the access route Near the high way road

Location plan / site plan Near the restaurant

Owner

Name of owner municipality

Street of owner

Post code and city of owner

Phone number of owner

Email of owner

Contact person

Name of contact person municipality

Street of contact person

Post code and city of contact person Goy-Gol city

Phone number of contact person

ENI/2016/372-403 103 Final Report Groundwater bodies and groundwater monitoring network in the Upper Kura River Basin District - Azerbaijan

Email of contact person

Life time cycle

Information entered / updated by R.Mammadov

Date of collection of information 1960

Start of monitoring [MM.YYYY]

End of monitoring [MM.YYYY] Continue

Replacement of which site

Replaced by which site

Status of monitoring site Active

Reason for closing

Type of chemical monitoring

Significant changes

Technical specification of monitoring site

Drilling profile available

Drilling profile of the well

Development plan available

Development plan of the well

Pressure type of groundwater spring

Material of capture

Material of pipes

Characterisation of monitoring site

Use of the monitoring site Drinking water supply

Purpose of monitoring site Water abstraction

Sub type of monitoring site

Remark to other type of monitoring site

Construction year 1960

Diameter of well

Sampling method overflow

Distance between abstraction and sampling 3 m

Sampling depth On the surface

104 ENI/2016/372-403 Groundwater bodies and groundwater monitoring network Final Report in the Upper Kura River Basin District - Azerbaijan

Frequency of water abstraction

Springs (further information)

Spring recharge area identified

Size of spring recharge area [km²]

Average elevation of spring recharge area above sea level [m a.s.l.]

Average residence time [a]

Precipitation monitoring

Pressure situation

Influence by industry and manufacturing no

Influence by old deposits / brownfield no

Influence by waste deposits Interferes

Influence by transportation network No

Influence by sewer treatment and percolation No

Influence by oil and gas enterprises no

Influence by agriculture Interferes

Other influences no

Monitoring

Monitoring of quantity

Monitoring frequency of quantity Regular

Monitoring of chemistry Conductivity, temperature, mineralisation, pH

Monitoring frequency of chemistry

Monitoring of drinking water quality done

ENI/2016/372-403 105 Final Report Groundwater bodies and groundwater monitoring network in the Upper Kura River Basin District - Azerbaijan

Characterisation of groundwater monitoring well / spring

Identification unit Value

Monitoring site code 01

Monitoring site name Topalhasanli village

Monitoring site principle type well

Location

GWB code G601

GWB name Ganja-Gazakh

Administrative unit code municipality

Protection zone no

Coordinate system yes

Coordinate system – x coordinates 40033l18.8İİ

Coordinate system – y coordinates 46016l53.7İİ

Elevation of reference point above sea level 718

Access description Topalhasanli village

Sketch of the access route Near the high way road

Location plan / site plan Near the restaurant

Owner

Name of owner municipality

Street of owner

Post code and city of owner

Phone number of owner

Email of owner

Contact person

Name of contact person municipality

Street of contact person

Post code and city of contact person Goy-Gol city

Phone number of contact person

106 ENI/2016/372-403 Groundwater bodies and groundwater monitoring network Final Report in the Upper Kura River Basin District - Azerbaijan

Email of contact person

Life time cycle

Information entered / updated by R.Mammadov

Date of collection of information 1960

Start of monitoring [MM.YYYY]

End of monitoring [MM.YYYY] Continue

Replacement of which site

Replaced by which site

Status of monitoring site Active

Reason for closing

Type of chemical monitoring

Significant changes

Technical specification of monitoring site

Drilling profile available boulders, pebble

Drilling profile of the well 3 m

Development plan available

Development plan of the well

Pressure type of groundwater unpressured

Material of capture concrete

Material of pipes

Characterisation of monitoring site

Use of the monitoring site Drinking water supply

Purpose of monitoring site Water abstraction

Sub type of monitoring site

Remark to other type of monitoring site

Construction year 1960

Diameter of well 1 m

Sampling method By pump

Distance between abstraction and sampling 75 m

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Sampling depth 2 m

Frequency of water abstraction

Springs (further information)

Spring recharge area identified

Size of spring recharge area [km²]

Average elevation of spring recharge area above sea level [m a.s.l.]

Average residence time [a]

Precipitation monitoring

Pressure situation

Influence by industry and manufacturing no

Influence by old deposits / brownfield no

Influence by waste deposits Interferes

Influence by transportation network No

Influence by sewer treatment and percolation No

Influence by oil and gas enterprises no

Influence by agriculture Interferes

Other influences no

Monitoring

Monitoring of quantity Water level,

Monitoring frequency of quantity Regular

Monitoring of chemistry Conductivity, temperature, mineralisation, pH

Monitoring frequency of chemistry

Monitoring of drinking water quality done

108 ENI/2016/372-403 Groundwater bodies and groundwater monitoring network Final Report in the Upper Kura River Basin District - Azerbaijan

Characterisation of groundwater monitoring well / spring

Identification unit Value

Monitoring site code B3

Monitoring site name Chanaqchi village

Monitoring site principle type Spring

Location

GWB code G600

GWB name Ganja-Gazakh

Administrative unit code municipality

Protection zone no

Coordinate system Yes

Coordinate system – x coordinates 40041l05.2İİ

Coordinate system – y coordinates 45045l49.5İİ

Elevation of reference point above sea level 1581

Access description Chanagchi village

Sketch of the access route Near the high way road

Location plan / site plan Near the restaurant

Owner

Name of owner municipality

Street of owner

Post code and city of owner

Phone number of owner

Email of owner

Contact person

Name of contact person municipality

Street of contact person

Post code and city of contact person Gadabay city

Phone number of contact person

ENI/2016/372-403 109 Final Report Groundwater bodies and groundwater monitoring network in the Upper Kura River Basin District - Azerbaijan

Email of contact person

Life time cycle

Information entered / updated by R.Mammadov

Date of collection of information 1960

Start of monitoring [MM.YYYY]

End of monitoring [MM.YYYY] Continue

Replacement of which site

Replaced by which site

Status of monitoring site Active

Reason for closing

Type of chemical monitoring

Significant changes

Technical specification of monitoring site

Drilling profile available boulders, pebble

Drilling profile of the well

Development plan available

Development plan of the well

Pressure type of groundwater spring

Material of capture

Material of pipes

Characterisation of monitoring site

Use of the monitoring site Drinking water supply

Purpose of monitoring site Water abstraction

Sub type of monitoring site

Remark to other type of monitoring site

Construction year 1960

Diameter of well

Sampling method overflow

Distance between abstraction and sampling 4 m

110 ENI/2016/372-403 Groundwater bodies and groundwater monitoring network Final Report in the Upper Kura River Basin District - Azerbaijan

Sampling depth On the surface

Frequency of water abstraction

Springs (further information)

Spring recharge area identified

Size of spring recharge area [km²]

Average elevation of spring recharge area above sea level [m a.s.l.]

Average residence time [a]

Precipitation monitoring

Pressure situation

Influence by industry and manufacturing no

Influence by old deposits / brownfield no

Influence by waste deposits Interferes

Influence by transportation network No

Influence by sewer treatment and percolation No

Influence by oil and gas enterprises no

Influence by agriculture yes

Other influences no

Monitoring

Monitoring of quantity Water level,

Monitoring frequency of quantity Regular

Monitoring of chemistry Conductivity, temperature, mineralisation, pH

Monitoring frequency of chemistry

Monitoring of drinking water quality done

ENI/2016/372-403 111 Final Report Groundwater bodies and groundwater monitoring network in the Upper Kura River Basin District - Azerbaijan

Characterisation of groundwater monitoring well / spring

Identification unit Value

Monitoring site code B1

Monitoring site name Chanlibel village

Monitoring site principle type Spring

Location

GWB code G600

GWB name Ganja-Gazakh

Administrative unit code municipality

Protection zone no

Coordinate system Yes

Coordinate system – x coordinates 40043l57İİ

Coordinate system – y coordinates 45052l37.8İİ

Elevation of reference point above sea level 1338

Access description Chanlibel village road

Sketch of the access route Near the road

Location plan / site plan Near the restaurant

Owner

Name of owner municipality

Street of owner

Post code and city of owner

Phone number of owner

Email of owner

Contact person

Name of contact person municipality

Street of contact person

Post code and city of contact person Shamkir city

Phone number of contact person

Email of contact person

112 ENI/2016/372-403 Groundwater bodies and groundwater monitoring network Final Report in the Upper Kura River Basin District - Azerbaijan

Life time cycle

Information entered / updated by R.Mammadov

Date of collection of information 1960

Start of monitoring [MM.YYYY]

End of monitoring [MM.YYYY] Continue

Replacement of which site

Replaced by which site

Status of monitoring site Active

Reason for closing

Type of chemical monitoring

Significant changes

Technical specification of monitoring site

Drilling profile available boulders, pebble

Drilling profile of the well

Development plan available

Development plan of the well

Pressure type of groundwater spring

Material of capture

Material of pipes

Characterisation of monitoring site

Use of the monitoring site Drinking water supply

Purpose of monitoring site Water abstraction

Sub type of monitoring site

Remark to other type of monitoring site

Construction year 1960

Diameter of well

Sampling method overflow

Distance between abstraction and sampling 6 m

Sampling depth On the surface

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Frequency of water abstraction

Springs (further information)

Spring recharge area identified

Size of spring recharge area [km²]

Average elevation of spring recharge area above sea level [m a.s.l.]

Average residence time [a]

Precipitation monitoring

Pressure situation

Influence by industry and manufacturing no

Influence by old deposits / brownfield no

Influence by waste deposits Interferes

Influence by transportation network No

Influence by sewer treatment and percolation No

Influence by oil and gas enterprises no

Influence by agriculture Interferes

Other influences no

Monitoring

Monitoring of quantity Water level,

Monitoring frequency of quantity Regular

Monitoring of chemistry Conductivity, temperature, mineralisation, pH

Monitoring frequency of chemistry

Monitoring of drinking water quality done

114 ENI/2016/372-403 Groundwater bodies and groundwater monitoring network Final Report in the Upper Kura River Basin District - Azerbaijan

Characterisation of groundwater monitoring well / spring

Identification unit Value

Monitoring site code B5

Monitoring site name Muncuqlu village

Monitoring site principle type Spring

Location

GWB code G600

GWB name Ganja-Gazakh

Administrative unit code municipality

Protection zone no

Coordinate system Yes

Coordinate system – x coordinates 40047l06.6İİ

Coordinate system – y coordinates 45035l11İİ

Elevation of reference point above sea level 1130

Access description Muncuqlu village

Sketch of the access route Near the road

Location plan / site plan Near the restaurant

Owner

Name of owner municipality

Street of owner

Post code and city of owner

Phone number of owner

Email of owner

Contact person

Name of contact person municipality

Street of contact person

Post code and city of contact person Tovuzr city

Phone number of contact person

Email of contact person

ENI/2016/372-403 115 Final Report Groundwater bodies and groundwater monitoring network in the Upper Kura River Basin District - Azerbaijan

Life time cycle

Information entered / updated by R.Mammadov

Date of collection of information 1960

Start of monitoring [MM.YYYY]

End of monitoring [MM.YYYY] Continue

Replacement of which site

Replaced by which site

Status of monitoring site Active

Reason for closing

Type of chemical monitoring

Significant changes

Technical specification of monitoring site

Drilling profile available boulders, pebble

Drilling profile of the well

Development plan available

Development plan of the well

Pressure type of groundwater spring

Material of capture

Material of pipes

Characterisation of monitoring site

Use of the monitoring site Drinking water supply

Purpose of monitoring site Water abstraction

Sub type of monitoring site

Remark to other type of monitoring site

Construction year 1960

Diameter of well

Sampling method overflow

Distance between abstraction and sampling 3 m

Sampling depth On the surface

116 ENI/2016/372-403 Groundwater bodies and groundwater monitoring network Final Report in the Upper Kura River Basin District - Azerbaijan

Frequency of water abstraction

Springs (further information)

Spring recharge area identified

Size of spring recharge area [km²]

Average elevation of spring recharge area above sea level [m a.s.l.]

Average residence time [a]

Precipitation monitoring

Pressure situation

Influence by industry and manufacturing no

Influence by old deposits / brownfield no

Influence by waste deposits no

Influence by transportation network No

Influence by sewer treatment and percolation No

Influence by oil and gas enterprises no

Influence by agriculture no

Other influences no

Monitoring

Monitoring of quantity

Monitoring frequency of quantity Regular

Monitoring of chemistry Conductivity, temperature, mineralisation, pH

Monitoring frequency of chemistry

Monitoring of drinking water quality done

ENI/2016/372-403 117 Final Report Groundwater bodies and groundwater monitoring network in the Upper Kura River Basin District - Azerbaijan

Characterisation of groundwater monitoring well / spring

Identification unit Value

Monitoring site code 114

Monitoring site name Lahij village of Zagatala city

Monitoring site principle type Well

Location

GWB code G101

GWB name Sheki-Zagatala

Administrative unit code municipality

Protection zone no

Coordinate system Yes

Coordinate system – x coordinates 41025l52.2İİ

Coordinate system – y coordinates 46038l38.5İİ

Elevation of reference point above sea level 212

Access description Lahij village road

Sketch of the access route Inside of village

Location plan / site plan In the yard of house

Owner

Name of owner Privet

Street of owner

Post code and city of owner

Phone number of owner

Email of owner

Contact person

Name of contact person Privet

Street of contact person

Post code and city of contact person

Phone number of contact person

Email of contact person

118 ENI/2016/372-403 Groundwater bodies and groundwater monitoring network Final Report in the Upper Kura River Basin District - Azerbaijan

Life time cycle

Information entered / updated by R.Mammadov

Date of collection of information 1974

Start of monitoring [MM.YYYY] 1974

End of monitoring [MM.YYYY] Continue

Replacement of which site

Replaced by which site

Status of monitoring site Site monitored

Reason for closing

Type of chemical monitoring Operational monitoring

Significant changes

Technical specification of monitoring site

Drilling profile available boulders, pebble

Drilling profile of the well Depth - 65

Development plan available

Development plan of the well

Pressure type of groundwater pressure

Material of capture Not concrete

Material of pipes Iron

Characterisation of monitoring site

Use of the monitoring site Private drinking water supply

Purpose of monitoring site Water abstraction

Sub type of monitoring site well

Remark to other type of monitoring site

Construction year 1962

Diameter of well 108

Sampling method By pump

Distance between abstraction and sampling 4 m

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Sampling depth 3.6 m

Frequency of water abstraction

Springs (further information)

Spring recharge area identified

Size of spring recharge area [km²]

Average elevation of spring recharge area above sea level [m a.s.l.]

Average residence time [a]

Precipitation monitoring

Pressure situation

Influence by industry and manufacturing no

Influence by old deposits / brownfield no

Influence by waste deposits Interferes

Influence by transportation network No

Influence by sewer treatment and percolation No

Influence by oil and gas enterprises no

Influence by agriculture Interferes

Other influences no

Monitoring

Monitoring of quantity Water level,

Monitoring frequency of quantity Regular

Monitoring of chemistry Conductivity, temperature, mineralisation, pH

Monitoring frequency of chemistry

Monitoring of drinking water quality done

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Characterisation of groundwater monitoring well / spring

Identification unit Value

Monitoring site code 52/1

Monitoring site name Cumakend village of Gakh city

Monitoring site principle type Well

Location

GWB code G101

GWB name Sheki-Zagatala

Administrative unit code municipality

Protection zone no

Coordinate system Yes

Coordinate system – x coordinates 41012l33.9İİ

Coordinate system – y coordinates 46056l38.7İİ

Elevation of reference point above sea level 222

Access description Cumakend village

Sketch of the access route Inside of village

Location plan / site plan Inside of village

Owner

Name of owner Municipality

Street of owner

Post code and city of owner

Phone number of owner

Email of owner

Contact person

Name of contact person

Street of contact person

Post code and city of contact person Gakh

Phone number of contact person

Email of contact person

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Life time cycle

Information entered / updated by R.Mammadov

Date of collection of information

Start of monitoring [MM.YYYY] 1980

End of monitoring [MM.YYYY] Continue

Replacement of which site

Replaced by which site

Status of monitoring site Site monitored

Reason for closing

Type of chemical monitoring Operational monitoring

Significant changes

Technical specification of monitoring site

Drilling profile available boulders, pebble

Drilling profile of the well Depth - 150

Development plan available

Development plan of the well

Pressure type of groundwater overfloww

Material of capture Not concrete

Material of pipes Iron

Characterisation of monitoring site

Use of the monitoring site Private drinking water supply

Purpose of monitoring site Water abstraction

Sub type of monitoring site artesian

Remark to other type of monitoring site

Construction year 1980

Diameter of well 219

Sampling method overflow

Distance between abstraction and sampling 1 m

122 ENI/2016/372-403 Groundwater bodies and groundwater monitoring network Final Report in the Upper Kura River Basin District - Azerbaijan

Sampling depth On the surface

Frequency of water abstraction permanent

Springs (further information)

Spring recharge area identified

Size of spring recharge area [km²]

Average elevation of spring recharge area above sea level [m a.s.l.]

Average residence time [a]

Precipitation monitoring

Pressure situation

Influence by industry and manufacturing no

Influence by old deposits / brownfield no

Influence by waste deposits Interferes

Influence by transportation network No

Influence by sewer treatment and percolation No

Influence by oil and gas enterprises no

Influence by agriculture Interferes

Other influences no

Monitoring

Monitoring of quantity Water level,

Monitoring frequency of quantity Regular

Monitoring of chemistry Conductivity, temperature, mineralisation, pH

Monitoring frequency of chemistry

Monitoring of drinking water quality done

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Characterisation of groundwater monitoring well / spring

Identification unit Value

Monitoring site code 112

Monitoring site name Marsan village of Gakh city

Monitoring site principle type Well

Location

GWB code G101

GWB name Sheki-Zagatala

Administrative unit code municipality

Protection zone no

Coordinate system Yes

Coordinate system – x coordinates 41029l19.1İİ

Coordinate system – y coordinates 46047l59.5İİ

Elevation of reference point above sea level 262

Access description Near the Mar- zan village

Sketch of the access route Inside of village

Location plan / site plan Near the yard of house and cem- etery

Owner

Name of owner Municipality

Street of owner

Post code and city of owner

Phone number of owner

Email of owner

Contact person

Name of contact person

Street of contact person

Post code and city of contact person Gakh city

Phone number of contact person

124 ENI/2016/372-403 Groundwater bodies and groundwater monitoring network Final Report in the Upper Kura River Basin District - Azerbaijan

Email of contact person

Life time cycle

Information entered / updated by R.Mammadov

Date of collection of information

Start of monitoring [MM.YYYY] 1974

End of monitoring [MM.YYYY]

Replacement of which site

Replaced by which site

Status of monitoring site Site monitored

Reason for closing

Type of chemical monitoring Operational monitoring

Significant changes

Technical specification of monitoring site

Drilling profile available boulders, pebble

Drilling profile of the well Depth - 115

Development plan available

Development plan of the well

Pressure type of groundwater overflow

Material of capture Not concrete

Material of pipes Iron

Characterisation of monitoring site

Use of the monitoring site Private drinking water supply

Purpose of monitoring site Water abstraction

Sub type of monitoring site artesian

Remark to other type of monitoring site

Construction year 1974

Diameter of well 146

Sampling method overflow

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Distance between abstraction and sampling 2 m

Sampling depth 0

Frequency of water abstraction permanent

Springs (further information)

Spring recharge area identified

Size of spring recharge area [km²]

Average elevation of spring recharge area above sea level [m a.s.l.]

Average residence time [a]

Precipitation monitoring

Pressure situation

Influence by industry and manufacturing no

Influence by old deposits / brownfield no

Influence by waste deposits Interferes.

Influence by transportation network No

Influence by sewer treatment and percolation No

Influence by oil and gas enterprises no

Influence by agriculture Interferes

Other influences no

Monitoring

Monitoring of quantity

Monitoring frequency of quantity Regular

Monitoring of chemistry Conductivity, temperature, mineralisation, pH

Monitoring frequency of chemistry

Monitoring of drinking water quality done

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Characterisation of groundwater monitoring well / spring

Identification unit Value

Monitoring site code 120

Monitoring site name Gulu village of Gakh city

Monitoring site principle type Well

Location

GWB code G602

GWB name Sheki-Zagatala

Administrative unit code Privat

Protection zone no

Coordinate system Yes

Coordinate system – x coordinates 41030l16.8İİ

Coordinate system – y coordinates 46045l10.3İİ

Elevation of reference point above sea level 345

Access description Gulu village of Gakh city

Sketch of the access route Inside of village

Location plan / site plan In the yard of the house

Owner

Name of owner Privat

Street of owner

Post code and city of owner

Phone number of owner

Email of owner

Contact person

Name of contact person

Street of contact person

Post code and city of contact person Gakh city

Phone number of contact person

Email of contact person

ENI/2016/372-403 127 Final Report Groundwater bodies and groundwater monitoring network in the Upper Kura River Basin District - Azerbaijan

Life time cycle

Information entered / updated by R.Mammadov

Date of collection of information

Start of monitoring [MM.YYYY] 1974

End of monitoring [MM.YYYY]

Replacement of which site

Replaced by which site

Status of monitoring site Site monitored

Reason for closing

Type of chemical monitoring Operational monitoring

Significant changes

Technical specification of monitoring site

Drilling profile available boulders, pebble

Drilling profile of the well Depth - 185

Development plan available

Development plan of the well

Pressure type of groundwater pressure

Material of capture Not concrete

Material of pipes Iron

Characterisation of monitoring site

Use of the monitoring site

Purpose of monitoring site

Sub type of monitoring site

Remark to other type of monitoring site

Construction year 1974

Diameter of well 127

Sampling method Level

Distance between abstraction and sampling 3 m

Sampling depth 12.8

Frequency of water abstraction

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Springs (further information)

Spring recharge area identified

Size of spring recharge area [km²]

Average elevation of spring recharge area above sea level [m a.s.l.]

Average residence time [a]

Precipitation monitoring

Pressure situation

Influence by industry and manufacturing no

Influence by old deposits / brownfield no

Influence by waste deposits Interferes.

Influence by transportation network No

Influence by sewer treatment and percolation No

Influence by oil and gas enterprises no

Influence by agriculture Interferes

Other influences no

Monitoring

Monitoring of quantity Water level,

Monitoring frequency of quantity Regular

Monitoring of chemistry Conductivity, temperature, mineralisation, pH

Monitoring frequency of chemistry

Monitoring of drinking water quality

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Characterisation of groundwater monitoring well / spring

Identification unit Value

Monitoring site code 64/2

Monitoring site name Sheki city

Monitoring site principle type Well

Location

GWB code G101

GWB name Sheki-Zagatala

Administrative unit code municipality

Protection zone no

Coordinate system Yes

Coordinate system – x coordinates 41011l53.5İİ

Coordinate system – y coordinates 46057l52.5İİ

Elevation of reference point above sea level 233

Access description Near the high way road of Sheki Zagatala

Sketch of the access route 10 m from road

Location plan / site plan Distance 300 m to Ayrichay reservoir

Owner

Name of owner Municipality

Street of owner

Post code and city of owner

Phone number of owner

Email of owner

Contact person

Name of contact person

Street of contact person

Post code and city of contact person Sheki city

Phone number of contact person

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Email of contact person

Life time cycle

Information entered / updated by R.Mammadov

Date of collection of information

Start of monitoring [MM.YYYY] 1974

End of monitoring [MM.YYYY] Continue

Replacement of which site

Replaced by which site

Status of monitoring site Site monitored

Reason for closing

Type of chemical monitoring Operational monitoring

Significant changes

Technical specification of monitoring site

Drilling profile available boulders, pebble

Drilling profile of the well Depth - 75

Development plan available

Development plan of the well

Pressure type of groundwater pressure

Material of capture Not concrete

Material of pipes Iron

Characterisation of monitoring site

Use of the monitoring site Irrigation water supply

Purpose of monitoring site Water abstraction

Sub type of monitoring site artesian

Remark to other type of monitoring site

Construction year 1980

Diameter of well 219

Sampling method overflow

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Distance between abstraction and sampling 2 m

Sampling depth 0

Frequency of water abstraction permanent

Springs (further information)

Spring recharge area identified

Size of spring recharge area [km²]

Average elevation of spring recharge area above sea level [m a.s.l.]

Average residence time [a]

Precipitation monitoring

Pressure situation

Influence by industry and manufacturing no

Influence by old deposits / brownfield no

Influence by waste deposits no

Influence by transportation network No

Influence by sewer treatment and percolation No

Influence by oil and gas enterprises no

Influence by agriculture Interferes

Other influences no

Monitoring

Monitoring of quantity

Monitoring frequency of quantity Regular

Monitoring of chemistry Conductivity, temperature, mineralisation, pH

Monitoring frequency of chemistry

Monitoring of drinking water quality done

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Characterisation of groundwater monitoring well / spring

Identification unit Value

Monitoring site code 7/1

Monitoring site name Kharabtala village of Gakh city

Monitoring site principle type Well

Location

GWB code G101

GWB name Sheki-Zagatala

Administrative unit code municipality

Protection zone no

Coordinate system Yes

Coordinate system – x coordinates 41020l35.4İİ

Coordinate system – y coordinates 46053l02.9İİ

Elevation of reference point above sea level 291

Access description Kharabtala village

Sketch of the access route Inside of village

Location plan / site plan Near the yard of the houses

Owner

Name of owner Municipality

Street of owner

Post code and city of owner

Phone number of owner

Email of owner

Contact person

Name of contact person Municipality

Street of contact person

Post code and city of contact person Gakh city

Phone number of contact person

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Email of contact person

Life time cycle

Information entered / updated by R.Mammadov

Date of collection of information

Start of monitoring [MM.YYYY] 1974

End of monitoring [MM.YYYY] Continue

Replacement of which site

Replaced by which site

Status of monitoring site Site monitored

Reason for closing

Type of chemical monitoring Operational monitoring

Significant changes

Technical specification of monitoring site

Drilling profile available boulders, pebble

Drilling profile of the well Depth - 200

Development plan available

Development plan of the well

Pressure type of groundwater Artesian confined

Material of capture Not concrete

Material of pipes Iron

Characterisation of monitoring site

Use of the monitoring site Irrigation water supply

Purpose of monitoring site Water abstraction

Sub type of monitoring site artesian

Remark to other type of monitoring site

Construction year 1980

Diameter of well 146

Sampling method overflow

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Distance between abstraction and sampling 1 m

Sampling depth 0

Frequency of water abstraction permanent

Springs (further information)

Spring recharge area identified

Size of spring recharge area [km²]

Average elevation of spring recharge area above sea level [m a.s.l.]

Average residence time [a]

Precipitation monitoring

Pressure situation

Influence by industry and manufacturing no

Influence by old deposits / brownfield no

Influence by waste deposits Interferes.

Influence by transportation network No

Influence by sewer treatment and percolation No

Influence by oil and gas enterprises no

Influence by agriculture Interferes

Other influences no

Monitoring

Monitoring of quantity Water level,

Monitoring frequency of quantity Regular

Monitoring of chemistry Conductivity, temperature, mineralisation, pH

Monitoring frequency of chemistry

Monitoring of drinking water quality

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Characterisation of groundwater monitoring well / spring

Identification unit Value

Monitoring site code B-261

Monitoring site name Agchay village of Gakh city

Monitoring site principle type Spring

Location

GWB code G602

GWB name Sheki-Zagatala

Administrative unit code municipality

Protection zone no

Coordinate system Yes

Coordinate system – x coordinates 41026l32.5İİ

Coordinate system – y coordinates 46059l11.4İİ

Elevation of reference point above sea level 853

Access description Near the Agchay village

Sketch of the access route Betveen the village and mountain

Location plan / site plan Name of the spring is Aminbulag

Owner

Name of owner municipality

Street of owner

Post code and city of owner

Phone number of owner

Email of owner

Contact person

Name of contact person municipality

Street of contact person

Post code and city of contact person Gakh city

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Phone number of contact person

Email of contact person

Life time cycle

Information entered / updated by R.Mammadov

Date of collection of information 1960

Start of monitoring [MM.YYYY]

End of monitoring [MM.YYYY] Continue

Replacement of which site

Replaced by which site

Status of monitoring site Active

Reason for closing

Type of chemical monitoring

Significant changes

Technical specification of monitoring site

Drilling profile available

Drilling profile of the well

Development plan available

Development plan of the well

Pressure type of groundwater spring

Material of capture

Material of pipes

Characterisation of monitoring site

Use of the monitoring site Drinking water supply

Purpose of monitoring site Water abstraction

Sub type of monitoring site

Remark to other type of monitoring site

Construction year 1960

Diameter of well

Sampling method overflow

Distance between abstraction and sampling 0

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Sampling depth On the surface

Frequency of water abstraction

Springs (further information)

Spring recharge area identified

Size of spring recharge area [km²]

Average elevation of spring recharge area above sea level [m a.s.l.]

Average residence time [a]

Precipitation monitoring

Pressure situation

Influence by industry and manufacturing no

Influence by old deposits / brownfield no

Influence by waste deposits no

Influence by transportation network No

Influence by sewer treatment and percolation No

Influence by oil and gas enterprises no

Influence by agriculture no

Other influences no

Monitoring

Monitoring of quantity

Monitoring frequency of quantity Regular

Monitoring of chemistry Conductivity, temperature, mineralisation, pH

Monitoring frequency of chemistry

Monitoring of drinking water quality done

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Characterisation of groundwater monitoring well / spring

Identification unit Value

Monitoring site code B345

Monitoring site name Kish village of Sheki city

Monitoring site principle type Spring

Location

GWB code G602

GWB name Sheki-Zagatala

Administrative unit code municipality

Protection zone no

Coordinate system Yes

Coordinate system – x coordinates 41014l54.4İİ

Coordinate system – y coordinates 47011l21.9İİ

Elevation of reference point above sea level 912

Access description In the Kish village

Sketch of the access route Near the Market

Location plan / site plan Near the yard of the hoses

Owner

Name of owner municipality

Street of owner

Post code and city of owner

Phone number of owner

Email of owner

Contact person

Name of contact person municipality

Street of contact person

Post code and city of contact person Sheki city

Phone number of contact person

Email of contact person

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Life time cycle

Information entered / updated by R.Mammadov

Date of collection of information 1960

Start of monitoring [MM.YYYY]

End of monitoring [MM.YYYY] Continue

Replacement of which site

Replaced by which site

Status of monitoring site Active

Reason for closing

Type of chemical monitoring

Significant changes

Technical specification of monitoring site

Drilling profile available

Drilling profile of the well

Development plan available

Development plan of the well

Pressure type of groundwater spring

Material of capture

Material of pipes

Characterisation of monitoring site

Use of the monitoring site Drinking water supply

Purpose of monitoring site Water abstraction

Sub type of monitoring site

Remark to other type of monitoring site

Construction year 1960

Diameter of well

Sampling method overflow

Distance between abstraction and sampling

Sampling depth On the surface

Frequency of water abstraction

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Springs (further information)

Spring recharge area identified

Size of spring recharge area [km²]

Average elevation of spring recharge area above sea level [m a.s.l.]

Average residence time [a]

Precipitation monitoring

Pressure situation

Influence by industry and manufacturing no

Influence by old deposits / brownfield no

Influence by waste deposits yes

Influence by transportation network No

Influence by sewer treatment and percolation No

Influence by oil and gas enterprises no

Influence by agriculture yes

Other influences no

Monitoring

Monitoring of quantity

Monitoring frequency of quantity Regular

Monitoring of chemistry Conductivity, temperature, mineralisation, pH

Monitoring frequency of chemistry

Monitoring of drinking water quality done

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Characterisation of groundwater monitoring well / spring

Identification unit Value

Monitoring site code B262

Monitoring site name Naib bulaq restoran of Sheki city

Monitoring site principle type Spring

Location

GWB code G101

GWB name Sheki-Zagatala

Administrative unit code municipality

Protection zone no

Coordinate system Yes

Coordinate system – x coordinates 41031l37.4İİ

Coordinate system – y coordinates 46038l52.5İİ

Elevation of reference point above sea level 328

Access description Near of the high way road of Sheki Zagatala

Sketch of the access route 5 m from road

Location plan / site plan Near of the Naibbulaq restoran

Owner

Name of owner municipality

Street of owner

Post code and city of owner

Phone number of owner

Email of owner

Contact person

Name of contact person Rasim Mamma- dov

Street of contact person

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Post code and city of contact person Sheki city

Phone number of contact person

Email of contact person

Life time cycle

Information entered / updated by R.Mammadov

Date of collection of information 1960

Start of monitoring [MM.YYYY]

End of monitoring [MM.YYYY] Continue

Replacement of which site

Replaced by which site

Status of monitoring site Active

Reason for closing

Type of chemical monitoring

Significant changes

Technical specification of monitoring site

Drilling profile available

Drilling profile of the well

Development plan available

Development plan of the well

Pressure type of groundwater spring

Material of capture

Material of pipes

Characterisation of monitoring site

Use of the monitoring site Drinking water supply

Purpose of monitoring site Water abstraction

Sub type of monitoring site

Remark to other type of monitoring site

Construction year 1960

Diameter of well

Sampling method overflow

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Distance between abstraction and sampling 3 m

Sampling depth On the surface

Frequency of water abstraction

Springs (further information)

Spring recharge area identified

Size of spring recharge area [km²]

Average elevation of spring recharge area above sea level [m a.s.l.]

Average residence time [a]

Precipitation monitoring

Pressure situation

Influence by industry and manufacturing no

Influence by old deposits / brownfield no

Influence by waste deposits no

Influence by transportation network Interferes

Influence by sewer treatment and percolation no

Influence by oil and gas enterprises no

Influence by agriculture no

Other influences no

Monitoring

Monitoring of quantity

Monitoring frequency of quantity Regular

Monitoring of chemistry Conductivity, temperature, mineralisation, pH

Monitoring frequency of chemistry

Monitoring of drinking water quality done

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Characterisation of groundwater monitoring well / spring

Identification unit Value

Monitoring site code B 40

Monitoring site name 5 bulaq restaurant of Balakan city

Monitoring site principle type Spring

Location

GWB code G101

GWB name Sheki-Zagatala

Administrative unit code municipality

Protection zone yes

Coordinate system Yes

Coordinate system – x coordinates 40040l30.5İİ

Coordinate system – y coordinates 46027l52.6İİ

Elevation of reference point above sea level 247

Access description Near the high way road

Sketch of the access route Protected area of Zagatala

Location plan / site plan Near the 5 bulaq restaurant

Owner

Name of owner municipality

Street of owner

Post code and city of owner

Phone number of owner

Email of owner

Contact person

Name of contact person Rasim Mamma- dov

Street of contact person

Post code and city of contact person Balaken city

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Phone number of contact person

Email of contact person

Life time cycle

Information entered / updated by R.Mammadov

Date of collection of information 1960

Start of monitoring [MM.YYYY]

End of monitoring [MM.YYYY] Continue

Replacement of which site

Replaced by which site

Status of monitoring site Active

Reason for closing

Type of chemical monitoring

Significant changes

Technical specification of monitoring site

Drilling profile available

Drilling profile of the well

Development plan available

Development plan of the well

Pressure type of groundwater spring

Material of capture

Material of pipes

Characterisation of monitoring site

Use of the monitoring site Drinking water supply

Purpose of monitoring site Water abstraction

Sub type of monitoring site

Remark to other type of monitoring site

Construction year 1960

Diameter of well

Sampling method overflow

Distance between abstraction and sampling

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Sampling depth On the surface

Frequency of water abstraction

Springs (further information)

Spring recharge area identified

Size of spring recharge area [km²]

Average elevation of spring recharge area above sea level [m a.s.l.]

Average residence time [a]

Precipitation monitoring

Pressure situation

Influence by industry and manufacturing no

Influence by old deposits / brownfield no

Influence by waste deposits no

Influence by transportation network no

Influence by sewer treatment and percolation no

Influence by oil and gas enterprises no

Influence by agriculture no

Other influences no

Monitoring

Monitoring of quantity

Monitoring frequency of quantity Regular

Monitoring of chemistry Conductivity, temperature, mineralisation, pH

Monitoring frequency of chemistry

Monitoring of drinking water quality done

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11 ANNEX 4: OVERVIEW OF PRODUCED GIS LAYERS AND DATASETS

Including full metadata sheets for all maps and data sheets listed above

Name of Layers shape DB DB DB 1 Ground Water Monitoring Network point Well No Status depth

2 Ground water recharges areas Line Description 3 Discharge areas Line Description 4 Hydrogeological fault zones Line 5 Hydroisohypses of unconfined aqui- Line Description fers 6 Lakes Polygon 7 Rivers Line Name R_Ba- Length sin 8 Types of groundwater bodies Polygon GWB Aquifers Type area 9 Chemical_composition_of_ground- Point Description water_in_the_water_bear- ing_points 1 Springs Point Springs Number Capacity Dry residue 0 1 Aquifers Polygon GWB De- Aquifers area 1 scrip- tion 1 Settlement Point Population Name 2

Ground Water Monitoring Network

Well no Status Depth Number of wells Working Depth of well Flowing Rehabilitation possible Clogged

Ground water recharges areas

Description Lateral underground inflow Joint exposure of Infiltration of atmospheric precipitation, lateral underground inflow, filtration from rivers and main canals Infiltration of irrigation water Infiltration of atmospheric precipitation

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Discharge areas

Description Maintenance of water intakes Evaporation and underground outflow

Types of groundwater bodies

GWB Aquifers Type G100 and G101 Q(ll-lV) Modern, upper and middle Quaternary aquifers (pebbles, sand, gravel,loam,) G200 edpQ(lV), epdQ(l-ll), Elluvial-delluvial-prolluvialsediments (sand, gravel, epdQ(lll-lV), aQ(l-lll), debrismaterial,loam, clay). N(ll-lll)ap G300 Q(ll-lll)-Q(l) Aquifers of middle - lower Quaternary seeiments (pebbles, gravel, sand, loam clay). G400 aQ(lV) Low capacity alluvial aquifers in the river valleys (pebbles, gravel and sand). G500 N(ll-lll)ap, N(ll-lll)ak Water bearing complex of upper-middleNeogene (Aghjagil and Ab- sheron) formations (conglomerate, sandstones, sand, clay, gravel and limestone). G600, G601 and K(ll), J(lll)-K(l), J(ll)- Mezosoic aquifers. Locally used Jurassic and Cretaceous aquifers G602 J(lll), K(ll)-P(l), P(lll)- (volcanicporphyrits their tuffs, tuff-sandstones, tuff-berccia, sand- N(l), stones, limestone, marls).

Chemical_composition_of_groundwater_in_the_water_bearing_points

Description with a predominance of sulfate anion with a predominance of hydrocarbonate anion with a predominance of chloride anion mixed, two-component mixed, three-component

Aquifers

Description J(l-ll) - Waterbearing zone of fractured lower and middle Jurassic aqufers J(ll)-J(lll) - Water-bearing zone of upper and meddle Jurassic formations. J(lll)-K(l) - Water-bearing zone of upper Jurassic and lower Cretaceous sediments. K(ll) - Water-bearing zone of upper Cretaceous formations. K(ll)-P(l) - Water-bearing zone of upper Cretaceous and Paleocene sediments N(l-ll) - Locally water-bearing zone of middle and upper Miocene sediments N(ll-lll)ak - Water-bearing complex of upper Pliocene (Agchagil) sediments N(ll-lll)ap - Water-bearing complex of upper Pliocene (Absheron) sediments P(lll)-N(l) - Water-bearing zone of Oligocene and lower Miocene sediments Q(ll-lV) - Modern, upperandmiddleQuaternaryaquifers (pebbles, sand, gravel,loam,) Q(ll-lll)-Q(l) - Lower water-bearing complex of modern, lower Quaternary and upper Pliocene sediments.

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Description Y - Water-bearing zone of acidic and basic formations. aQ(l-lll) - Aquifers of upper quaternary elluvial sediments with gravel filled with clay aQ(lV) - Aquifer of modern alluvial sediments edpQ(lV) - Aquifer of modern eluvial- delluvial-prolluvial sediments. epdQ(l-ll) - Aquifers of middle and lower quaternary elluvial-delluvial-prolluvial sediments with gravel filled with clay epdQ(lll-lV) - Aquifers of modern and upper quaternary elluvial-delluvial-prolluvial sediments with gravel, sand, clay

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12 ANNEX 5: ROADMAP AS IMPLEMENTED

Road map of implemented activity including all meetings.

Meetings with attendance of: National Geological Exploration Service; EUWI+ Thematic Leader; EUWI+ local representative for results 2 and 3; Local Contractor.

Date (Loca- Steps of implementation tion) 1. Kick-off meeting 1.5 days - Overall purpose of work and legal frame (e.g. WFD); 7-8 May - Scope of 2018 work and expected results/deliverables; 2018 - Presentation and discussion of methodology for GWB delineation and characterisation; - Experiences from Austria and EU Member States; - Exemplified, practical hands-on training of GWB delineation and monitoring network design on a case study; - Planning of further steps (roadmap) and discussion of working modality. 3. Preparatory work by Local Contractor: May-July - Draft delineation of GWBs: i. Compilation of hydrogeological information (maps, profiles…); (Vafadar Ismayilov and Siyab Aliyev), ; ii. Selection of aquifers which are relevant from a WFD perspective (used, intended to be used, linked to ecosystems) (Vafadar Isma- yilov and Siyab Aliyev) ; - Compilation of available pressure information (maps, inventories) (Vafadar Ismayilov and Farid Garayev), ; - First draft delineation of all GWBs in the river basin(Vafadar Ismayilov, Fa- rid Garayev and Siyab Aliyev), ; - Compilation of a draft list of GW-relevant pressures for each GWB(Vafa- dar Ismayilov, Farid Garayev and Siyab Aliyev), ;; - Inventory of existing monitoring sites and existing wells/springs which could be potentially used as monitoring sites(Vafadar Ismayilov and Vafa Nasibova), ; - First draft monitoring network for each GWB(Vafadar Ismayilov and Vafa Nasibova), ;; - Compilation of a draft list of potential pollutants related to the relevant pressures(Vafadar Ismayilov and Vafa Nasibova), ;. 4. 1st Working meeting End of Discussion of: July 2018 - Draft groundwater bodies and hands-on revision(Vafadar Ismayilov and Siyab Aliyev), ; - Adjustment of characterisation template and structure of text description to national needs and data availability(Vafadar Ismayilov and Farid Garayev); - List of identified GW-relevant human pressures; - Draft monitoring networks and hands-on revision; - and adjustment of characterisation template for monitoring sites to national needs and data availability(Vafadar Ismayilov and Vafa Nasibova); - Monitoring frequency and relevant (chemical) indicator parameters(Vafa- dar Ismayilov and Vafa Nasibova); ; - Monitoring investment, operation and maintenance needs(Vafadar Isma- yilov and Vafa Nasibova);.

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Date (Loca- Steps of implementation tion) 5. Preparatory work by Local Contractor: August - Revision of GWB delineation according to the conclusions of the 1st work- 2018 ing meeting. Preparation of GIS layers and metadata(Vafadar Ismayilov, Farid Garayev and Siyab Aliyev) ; - ;Characterisation of each GWB by template and text(Vafadar Ismayilov, Farid Garayev and Siyab Aliyev); - Revision of monitoring networks based on the conclusions of the workshop(Vafadar Ismayilov, Vafa Nasibova and Siyab Aliyev) ; - Characterisation of monitoring sites by template(Vafadar Ismayilov, Vafa Nasibova and Siyab Aliyev); - Drafting of specifications of monitoring investment, operation and maintenance needs(Vafadar Ismayilov, Vafa Nasibova and Siyab Aliyev), ;. Documentation of applied methodology and considered information. Drafting of final report(Vafadar Ismayilov and Siyab Aliyev), ;. 6. 2nd Working meeting – focus depends on progress made so far: End of - Discussion/Finalisation of GWB delineation and characterisation; August - Discussion/Finalisation of monitoring network, characterisation of monitor- 2018 ing sites and specifications of investment, operation and maintenance needs. Discussion of documentation of the applied methodology and the draft final report. 7. Preparatory work by Local Contractor. August – Depending on the progress made so far: Septem- - Completion of GWBs delineation and characterisation; ber 2-18 - Completion of monitoring network design, characterisation of monitoring sites, specifications of investment, operation and maintenance needs. Documentation of the applied methodology and considered information. Compilation of final report. 8. 3rd Working meeting (optional) – Focus depends on the progress made so far: End of - Finalisation of GWB delineation and characterisation; Septem- - Finalisation of the monitoring network, characterisation of monitoring sites ber 2018 and specifications of investment, operation and maintenance needs. 9. Preparatory work by national experts: October - Finalisation of work. 2018 10. Final meeting End of Oc- - Finalisation of open issues. tober 2018 11. Hand-over and acceptance by representatives of the National Geological Exploration Ser- 16 Nov vice and the EUWI+ Thematic Leader. 2018

Sampling training

Sampling training – Steps of implementation Timing 1. Preparatory work by Local Contracto(Vafadar Ismayilov, Vafa Nasibova and Siyab Aliyev), June Sep- ;r: tember a. Tailoring the sampling handbook to the national circumstances and needs; 2018 b. Support to the preparation of a survey manual. 2. Sampling training Workshop: 1.5 day in a. Theoretical and practical training on GW sampling (quality and quantity); October b. Presentation and discussion of sampling handbook. 2018

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13 ANNEX 6: MAXIMUM ALLOW CONCENTRATION POLLUTANT NORM

Maximum allow concentration pollutant norm is below

tot  Main anions and cations (Na, Mg, Fe , NH4, HCO3, Cl, SO4, NO3, NO2) and physical properties (pH, specific conductivity, permanganate index, or TOC)

 Dissolved elements (Fe, As, Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, etc.)  Pesticides  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Phenols, Trichloroethylene, Tetrachlorethylene

 Groundwater levels in monitoring wells, boreholes and flow of natural springs

n Elements AZE , MAC

1 Temperature 0C -----

NA 0.05

Mg 50

NH4 1.2

NCO3

Cl Prohibited

SO4

2 Trancperancy

3 H.O. Oksigen, mg/l >6,002

4 Oksigen, %

5 pH 6,5-8,5

6 BOD5 3,00

+ 7 NH4 , mg/l 0,5

- 8 NO3 , mg/l 45,0

- 9 NO2 , mg/l 3,3

3- 10 PO4 3,5

11 Salinity -

12 Conductivity, S/cm -

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13 Cu, ug/l 1

14 Zn, ug/l 1

15 As, ug/l 50,0

16 Cr, ug/l 10,0

17 Mn, ug/l 100,0

18 Fe, ug/l 500,0

19 Cd, ug/l 5,0

20 Ni, ug/l 10,0

21 Heptaclor, ng/l 10

22 Lindan, ng/l 10

23 DDE, ng/l 10,0

24 DDD, ng/l 10,0

25 DDT, ng/l 10,0

26 GXCG, ng/l 10,0

27 Fenol, mg/l 0,001

28 Oil production, mg/l 0,05

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