2019 Virginia Junior Classical League State Finals Certamen Advanced Level, OPEN Division
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Juvenal Commentary
1 digressus, -us m. departure, separation. vetus, -eris, old, aged, ancient, of long-standing. confūsus, -a, -um, confused, disturbed. 2 vacuus, -a, -um, empty; carefree. sēdēs, -is f. seat; dwelling place, home. fīgō, -ere, fīxī, fīxum, to fix, fasten. Cumae, -ārum f.pl. Cumae, an ancient Greek city on the coast northwest of Naples. Note the locative case. 3 dēstinō (1) to make firm; resolve; aim at; intend. “he intends, as he says” - note the force of the subjunctive. 4 Baiae, a popular resort 6 miles along the coast from Cumae. amoenius, -a, -um, pleasant, charming, delightful. Read with secessus. 5 sēcessus, -us m. retirement, solitude, retreat. Prochyta, a small island off the coast of Misenum. praepōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum, to place before; prefer. Subura, a busy and crowded district of Rome northeast of the Forum. 6 solus, -a, -um, alone, sole; lonely, solitary. 7 deterior, -ius, worse, inferior. The superlative is deterrimus. The positive is lacking. horreō, -ere, -uī, to bristle; shudder at, fear. incendium, -ī n. fire. lapsus, -ūs m. fall. 8 tectum, -ī n. roof; ceiling; house. adsiduus, -a, -um, persistent, incessant. 9 Augusto mense: an ablative of time when. Note the vicious humor of the climax. 10 raeda, -ae f. a traveling carriage. An ablative of means to be read with una. compōnō, -ere, -pōsuī, -positum, to bring, place, put together; collect; arrange, dispose. 11 substō, -āre, -stitī, to stand firm. veteres: The Capena Gate was one of the oldest in Rome. arcus, -ūs m. bow; rainbow; arch, vault. madidus, -a, -um, wet, moist; steeped. The Porta Capena lay under the Marcian Aquaduct. -
VERBA OMNIA Through Chapter XXXVII
VERBA OMNIA through Chapter XXXVII Modus Operāndī: Words in bold are verba discenda. Roman numerals in parentheses indicate the chapter in which this word became a verbum discendum. Definitions of verba discenda aim for comprehensiveness. All other words appear at least once in DISCE LATĪNAM. The definitions of these words focus on the meanings in the context of the narrative. -A- ā, ab, abs + abl. from, away from; by (with persons) (V) abdo, abdere, abdidī, abditum hide, conceal (XIX) abeō, abīre, abivī / abiī, abitum go away (VII) abhinc from here; ago abitus, -ūs m. departure abluō, abluere, albuī, abūtum wash, cleanse absum, abesse, āfuī be absent (XIX) ac = atque and, and also, and besides ac and, and besides (XXXIII) academia, -ae f. the academy accendō, accendere, accendī, accensum light, burn accendō, accendere, accendī, accēnsum light, burn accidō, accidere, accidī, happen; fall at, near (XXIX) accipiō, accipere, accēpit accept, receive (XVI) accumbō, accumbere, accubuī, accubitum (+ dat.) recline at table accurrō, accurrere, accurrī / accucurrī, accursum run, hasten to acer, acris, acre sharp acervus, -ī m. heap acētum, -ī n. vinegar Acrisius, -iī m., Acrisius (Perseus’ grandfather) Actiacus, -a, -um of Actium āctor, actōris m. actor ad + acc. to, toward, for (II) and (V) ad dextram at the right ad lūnam by moonlight ad sinistram to the left adamō (1) fall in love, love passionately addīcō, addīcere, addīxī, addictum consecrate addō, addere, addidī, additum add, give addō, addere, addidī, additum add, give addūcō, addūcere, addūxī, adductum bring in, lead to adeō, adīre, adivī / adiī, aditum go to (VII) adhūc to this point, still, yet (XXX) adiungō, adiungere, adiūnxī, adiūnctum join to, add to adiūtor, -ōris m. -
Anatomy of Melancholy by Democritus Junior
THE ANATOMY OF MELANCHOLY WHAT IT IS WITH ALL THE KINDS, CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, PROGNOSTICS, AND SEVERAL CURES OF IT IN THREE PARTITIONS; WITH THEIR SEVERAL SECTIONS, MEMBERS, AND SUBSECTIONS, PHILOSOPHICALLY, MEDICINALLY, HISTORICALLY OPENED AND CUT UP BY DEMOCRITUS JUNIOR [ROBERT BURTON] WITH A SATIRICAL PREFACE, CONDUCING TO THE FOLLOWING DISCOURSE PART 2 – The Cure of Melancholy Published by the Ex-classics Project, 2009 http://www.exclassics.com Public Domain CONTENTS THE SYNOPSIS OF THE SECOND PARTITION............................................................... 4 THE SECOND PARTITION. THE CURE OF MELANCHOLY. .............................................. 13 THE FIRST SECTION, MEMBER, SUBSECTION. Unlawful Cures rejected.......................... 13 MEMB. II. Lawful Cures, first from God. .................................................................................... 16 MEMB. III. Whether it be lawful to seek to Saints for Aid in this Disease. ................................ 18 MEMB. IV. SUBSECT. I.--Physician, Patient, Physic. ............................................................... 21 SUBSECT. II.--Concerning the Patient........................................................................................ 23 SUBSECT. III.--Concerning Physic............................................................................................. 26 SECT. II. MEMB. I....................................................................................................................... 27 SUBSECT. I.--Diet rectified in substance................................................................................... -
The Greek Heroes
Conditions and Terms of Use Copyright © Heritage History 2009 PREFACE Some rights reserved My Dear Children, This text was produced and distributed by Heritage History, an organization dedicated to the preservation of classical juvenile history books, and to the Some of you have already heard of the old Greeks; and promotion of the works of traditional history authors. all of you, as you grow up, will hear more and more of them. The books which Heritage History republishes are in the public domain and Those of you who are boys will, perhaps, spend a great deal of are no longer protected by the original copyright. They may therefore be reproduced time in reading Greek books; and the girls, though they may not within the United States without paying a royalty to the author. learn Greek, will be sure to come across a great many stories taken from Greek history, and to see, I may say every day, things The text and pictures used to produce this version of the work, however, are which we should not have had if it had not been for these old the property of Heritage History and are licensed to individual users with some restrictions. These restrictions are imposed for the purpose of protecting the integrity Greeks. You can hardly find a well-written book which has not of the work itself, for preventing plagiarism, and for helping to assure that in it Greek names, and words, and proverbs; you cannot walk compromised or incomplete versions of the work are not widely disseminated. through a great town without passing Greek buildings; you cannot go into a well-furnished room without seeing Greek In order to preserve information regarding the origin of this text, a copyright statues and ornaments, even Greek patterns of furniture and by the author, and a Heritage History distribution date are included at the foot of every page of text. -
Virgil, Aeneid 11 (Pallas & Camilla) 1–224, 498–521, 532–96, 648–89, 725–835 G
Virgil, Aeneid 11 (Pallas & Camilla) 1–224, 498–521, 532–96, 648–89, 725–835 G Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary ILDENHARD INGO GILDENHARD AND JOHN HENDERSON A dead boy (Pallas) and the death of a girl (Camilla) loom over the opening and the closing part of the eleventh book of the Aeneid. Following the savage slaughter in Aeneid 10, the AND book opens in a mournful mood as the warring parti es revisit yesterday’s killing fi elds to att end to their dead. One casualty in parti cular commands att enti on: Aeneas’ protégé H Pallas, killed and despoiled by Turnus in the previous book. His death plunges his father ENDERSON Evander and his surrogate father Aeneas into heart-rending despair – and helps set up the foundati onal act of sacrifi cial brutality that caps the poem, when Aeneas seeks to avenge Pallas by slaying Turnus in wrathful fury. Turnus’ departure from the living is prefi gured by that of his ally Camilla, a maiden schooled in the marti al arts, who sets the mold for warrior princesses such as Xena and Wonder Woman. In the fi nal third of Aeneid 11, she wreaks havoc not just on the batt lefi eld but on gender stereotypes and the conventi ons of the epic genre, before she too succumbs to a premature death. In the porti ons of the book selected for discussion here, Virgil off ers some of his most emoti ve (and disturbing) meditati ons on the tragic nature of human existence – but also knows how to lighten the mood with a bit of drag. -
Scripta Islandica 63/2012
SCRIPTA ISLANDICA ISLÄNDSKA SÄLLSKAPETS ÅRSBOK 63/2012 REDIGERAD AV VETURLIÐI ÓSKARSSON under medverkan av Pernille Hermann (Århus) Mindy MacLeod (Melbourne) Else Mundal (Bergen) Guðrún Nordal (Reykjavík) Rune Palm (Stockholm) Heimir Pálsson (Uppsala) UPPSALA, SVERIGE © Författarna och Scripta Islandica 2012 ISSN 0582-3234 Sättning: Marco Bianchi urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-174493 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-174493 Innehåll SILVIA HUFNAGEL, Icelandic society and subscribers to Rafn’s Fornaldar sögur nordr landa . 5 GUÐRÚN KVARAN, Nucleus latinitatis og biskop Jón Árnasons orddannelse . 29 HEIMIR PÁLSSON, Om källor och källbehandling i Snorris Edda. Tankar kring berättelser om skapelsen . 43 TRIIN LAIDONER, The Flying Noaidi of the North: Sámi Tradition Reflected in the Figure Loki Laufeyjarson in Old Norse Mythology . 59 LARS WOLLIN, Kringla heimsins—Jordennes krets—Orbis terra rum. The trans lation of Snorri Sturluson’s work in Caroline Sweden . 93 ÞORLEIFUR HAUKSSON, Implicit ideology and the king’s image in Sverris saga . 127 Recensioner OLOF SUNDQVIST, rec. av Annette Lassen, Odin på kristent per ga- ment. En teksthistorisk studie . 137 KIRSTEN WOLF, rec. av Rómverja saga, ed. Þorbjörg Helgadóttir . 141 Isländska sällskapet HEIMIR PÁLSSON & LASSE MÅRTENSSON, Berättelse om verk sam- heten under 2010 . 147 Författarna i denna årgång . 149 Icelandic society and subscribers to Rafn’s Fornaldar sögur nordrlanda SILVIA HUFNAGEL Literary criticism often focuses on authors and the production and mean- ing of literature, but tends -
First Similes in Epic*
Transactions of the American Philological Association 144 (2014) 189–228 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS 2014 Chicago, Illinois First Similes in Epic* DENIS FEENEY Princeton University EXTENDED SIMILES ARE PARTICULARLY AT HOME IN HEROIC EPIC, SO MUCH so that they are surprisingly rare in other genres, such as lyric or elegy; as we shall see below, they are also very rare in archaic didactic, although they later become more common in that genre.1 If similes are a marked feature of heroic epic, then the first similes in epic are themselves particularly marked. The programmatic nature of the first simile in Virgil’s Aeneid (1.148–53) has often been commented upon, as an emblem of restoration of order after chaos which generates a set of expectations for the rest of the poem. I shall argue that the iconic nature of the initial simile sequence is a feature of epic that goes back to Homer’s Iliad, and continues well past Virgil. In general, the first similes in epic are programmatic for the cosmos of the whole poem, for they present an icon of the relationship between human beings and the natural world, which in turn gives us an icon of the poem’s relationship between order and disorder, chaos and harmony. These icons are an ideal, * I gave a first version of this paper an embarrassingly long time ago, at the Triennial meeting of the Roman and Hellenic Societies in July 1988, and also at the Literature Seminar of the Classics Faculty at Cambridge in that year. Since then the problem has been on my mind, and I was glad to have the opportunity to revisit and rethink it for the APA Convention in Chicago, and for the Corpus Christi College Classics Society later that month. -
The Heroes PREFACE MY DEAR CHILDREN
The Heroes PREFACE MY DEAR CHILDREN, Some of you have heard already of the old Greeks; and all of you, as you grow up, will hear more and more of them. Those of you who are boys will, perhaps, spend a great deal of time in reading Greek books; and the girls, though they may not learn Greek, will be sure to come across a great many stories taken from Greek history, and to see, I may say every day, things which we should not have had if it had not been for these old Greeks. You can hardly find a well-written book which has not in it Greek names, and words, and proverbs; you cannot walk through a great town without passing Greek buildings; you cannot go into a well-furnished room without seeing Greek statues and ornaments, even Greek patterns of furniture and paper; so strangely have these old Greeks left their mark behind them upon this modern world in which we now live. And as you grow up, and read more and more, you will find that we owe to these old Greeks the beginners of all our mathematics and geometry - that is, the science and knowledge of numbers, and of the shapes of things, and of the forces which make things move and stand at rest; and the beginnings of our geography and astronomy; and of our laws, and freedom, and politics - that is, the science of how to rule a country, and make it peaceful and strong. And we owe to them, too, the beginning of our logic - that is, the study of words and of reasoning; and of our metaphysics - that is, the study of our own thoughts and souls. -
Religion and Reconciliation in Greek Cities (2010)
Religion and Reconciliation in Greek Cities AMERICAN PHILOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION american classical studies volume 54 Series Editor Kathryn J. Gutzwiller Studies in Classical History and Society Meyer Reinhold Sextus Empiricus The Transmission and Recovery of Pyrrhonism Luciano Floridi The Augustan Succession An Historical Commentary on Cassius Dio’s Roman History Books 55 56 (9 B.C. A.D. 14) Peter Michael Swan Greek Mythography in the Roman World Alan Cameron Virgil Recomposed The Mythological and Secular Centos in Antiquity Scott McGill Representing Agrippina Constructions of Female Power in the Early Roman Empire Judith Ginsburg Figuring Genre in Roman Satire Catherine Keane Homer’s Cosmic Fabrication Choice and Design in the Iliad Bruce Heiden Hyperides Funeral Oration Judson Herrman Religion and Reconciliation in Greek Cities The Sacred Laws of Selinus and Cyrene Noel Robertson Religion and Reconciliation in Greek Cities The Sacred Laws of Selinus and Cyrene NOEL ROBERTSON 1 2010 3 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright q 2010 by the American Philological Association Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. -
Athens: Its Rise and Fall 1 Athens: Its Rise and Fall
Athens: Its Rise and Fall 1 Athens: Its Rise and Fall The Project Gutenberg EBook Athens: Its Rise and Fall, Complete #14 in our series by Edward Bulwer-Lytton Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the header without written permission. Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is important information about your specific rights and restrictions in how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **EBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *****These EBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers***** Title: Athens: Its Rise and Fall, Complete Author: Edward Bulwer-Lytton Release Date: July, 2004 [EBook #6156] [Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] [This file was first posted on November 19, 2002] Edition: 10 Language: English Athens: Its Rise and Fall 2 Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ATHENS: RISE AND FALL, COMPLETE *** This eBook was produced by Tapio Riikonen and David Widger <[email protected]> ATHENS: ITS RISE AND FALL by Edward Bulwer Lytton DEDICATION. TO HENRY FYNES CLINTON, ESQ., etc., etc. -
Latin Derivatives Dictionary
Dedication: 3/15/05 I dedicate this collection to my friends Orville and Evelyn Brynelson and my parents George and Marion Greenwald. I especially thank James Steckel, Barbara Zbikowski, Gustavo Betancourt, and Joshua Ellis, colleagues and computer experts extraordinaire, for their invaluable assistance. Kathy Hart, MUHS librarian, was most helpful in suggesting sources. I further thank Gaylan DuBose, Ed Long, Hugh Himwich, Susan Schearer, Gardy Warren, and Kaye Warren for their encouragement and advice. My former students and now Classics professors Daniel Curley and Anthony Hollingsworth also deserve mention for their advice, assistance, and friendship. My student Michael Kocorowski encouraged and provoked me into beginning this dictionary. Certamen players Michael Fleisch, James Ruel, Jeff Tudor, and Ryan Thom were inspirations. Sue Smith provided advice. James Radtke, James Beaudoin, Richard Hallberg, Sylvester Kreilein, and James Wilkinson assisted with words from modern foreign languages. Without the advice of these and many others this dictionary could not have been compiled. Lastly I thank all my colleagues and students at Marquette University High School who have made my teaching career a joy. Basic sources: American College Dictionary (ACD) American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (AHD) Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (ODEE) Oxford English Dictionary (OCD) Webster’s International Dictionary (eds. 2, 3) (W2, W3) Liddell and Scott (LS) Lewis and Short (LS) Oxford Latin Dictionary (OLD) Schaffer: Greek Derivative Dictionary, Latin Derivative Dictionary In addition many other sources were consulted; numerous etymology texts and readers were helpful. Zeno’s Word Frequency guide assisted in determining the relative importance of words. However, all judgments (and errors) are finally mine. -
Remains of Old Latin; Newly Edited and Translated
THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOODED BY JAMES LOEB, LL.D. EDITED BY T. E. PAGE, C.H., Lirr.D. E. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. W. H. D. ROUSE, liit.d. REMAINS OF OLD LATIN I ENNIUS AND CAECILIUS EEMAINS OF OLD LATIN newly edited axd translated by E7%.AVaRMINGT0N, m.a. RKAOER IN ANTIKST HISTORY, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, king's COLLEGE (in three volumes y I ENNIUS AND CAECILIUS CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD MCMXXXV ?A Printed in Great Britain — CONTENTS PAOK INTEODUCTION vii BKNIUS 1 CAECILITTS 467 WORDS FBOM ENNniS AND CAECrLITJS NOT INCLUDED IN THE TEXT OE THE NOTES OF THIS VOLUME . 562 CONCOEDANCES I. —ENNius {for rej. from Vahlen's ed. to this) . 565 n.—EKNius (for ref. from this ed. to Vahleti'a) . 575 I.—CAECiLius (for ref. from Ribbeck's ed. to this) . 585 II. —CAECILIUS (for ref. from this ed. to Ribbeck's) . 587 INDEX 591 INTRODUCTION Scope of this nork. Limits of the archaic period. Archaic spelling. Contents In three volumes entitled Remains of Old Latin, of which this is the first volume, my object is to present a Latin text and an English translation of Latin remnants, literary and epigraphic, which belong to the archaic period of Roman literary historj-. I have fixed the limit of this archaic period at 81 —80 B.C., which are the years of Sulla's dictatorship. It is indeed true that the limit cannot really be defined with precision, partly because archaisms in spelling and in form survive, especially in epi- graphic records, during many years after the date here given.