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GROSSGLOCKNER GAMSGRUBE TRAIL HIGH ALPINE ROAD 44 Gamsgrubenweg 44 Gamsgrubenweg Von der Franz-Josefs-Höhe zum Wasserfallwinkel ²²² Von der Franz-Josefs-Höhe zum Wasserfallwinkel ²²² The adventure tour at the National Park’s Gamsgrube Trail puts a spotlight on UNESCO World the Johannisberg as the mountain is lit by the midday sun. Heritage Site Nominee. Gamsgrube Trail FROM KAISER-FRANZ-JOSEFS-HÖHE TO THE WASSERFALLWINKEL We start the enjoyable walking tour along the before continuing on the informative nature trail. Gamsgrube Trail at the large entrance (Visitors’ National Park information boards help to expand Centre)Oben: of Diethe Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-Höhe Erlebniswanderung am Unten:our knowledge Nur den along Steinböcken, the way, always nicht revealing overlookNationalpark (1) before Gamsgrubenweg delving into the ‘Treasure lenkt seltensomething in stattlicher surprising. Anzahl, ist es er- Oben: Die Erlebniswanderung am Unten:Tunnel’auf Nur den andden mittagshellenits Steinböcken, world of myths Johannisbergnicht and legends. You laubt,The experience die streng opens geschützte up an incredible Gams world- of Nationalpark Gamsgrubenweg lenkt seltenwill inzu. learnstattlicher of mining, Anzahl, gold, quartzist es erand- water, and grubeadventure zu betreten. and freedom, during which you are auf den mittagshellen Johannisberg laubt,hear die thestreng Myth geschützteof the Pasterze Gams Glacier- along the kindly asked to stay on the trail (caution: Alpine zu. grubeway. zu betreten.After the sixth tunnel, we step out into the footpath, use at own risk). The Wasserfallwinkel open, perhapsKURZINFO dazzled for an instant by the light (2) lookout spot is hailed as Austria’s ‘most KURZINFO reflecting from8C the Grossglockner massif’s ice, beautiful snack stop’. Only the ibexesTalort: – quite oftenNP-Gemeinde in large numbers – are allowedHeiligenblut, to Starting from Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-Höhe, the Gamsgrube Trail 8C travel into the strictly protected Gamsgrube valley itself. leads through a fascinating world of rock and ice. 1288 m, mit Zufahrt auf der Großglock- Talort: NP-Gemeinde Heiligenblut, 1288 m, mit Zufahrt auf der Großglock- ner Hochalpenstraße. ner Hochalpenstraße. Ausgangspunkt: Kaiser-Franz-Josefs- Ausgangspunkt: Kaiser-Franz-Josefs- Höhe, 2369 m. Höhe, 2369 m. Gehzeit: 2.00 Std. Gehzeit: 2.00 Std. Höhenunterschied: 410 m. Höhenunterschied: 410 m. Anforderungen: Unschwierige und Anforderungen: Unschwierige und aussichtsreiche, landschaftlich ein- aussichtsreiche, landschaftlich ein- drucksvolle Wanderung in der Vorherr- drucksvolle Wanderung in der Vorherr- schaft des Großglockners. Themenweg schaft des Großglockners. Themenweg des Jahres 2011. Geführte Wanderun- des Jahres 2011. Geführte Wanderun- gen am Gamsgrubenweg zum Wasser- gen am Gamsgrubenweg zum Wasser- fallwinkel, tägl. ab Parkplatz Freiwand- fallwinkel, tägl. ab Parkplatz Freiwand- eck, von Anfang Juli bis Anfang Sept. eck, von Anfang Juli bis Anfang Sept. Einkehr: Hotels und Gaststätten auf Von der Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-Höhe führt der Gamsgrubenweg in eine faszi- Einkehr: Hotels und Gaststätten auf der Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-Höhe, 2369 m. nierende Fels- und Eiswelt. der Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-Höhe, 2369 m. Wir beginnen die lohnende Wande- bau, Gold, Bergkristall und Wasser, rung am Gamsgrubenweg auf der von der Pasterzensage akustisch un- Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-Höhe (1) beim termalt.161 Nach dem 6. Tunnel schrei- 161 großen Eingangstor (Info-Zentrale) ten wir unter freiem Himmel und und tauchen in die Sagen- und My- vielleicht auch geblendet vom Eis- thenwelt des sogenannten Schatz- glanz des Großglocknermassives auf tunnels ein, mit den Themen Berg- dem Naturlehrpfad Gamsgrube wei- 2 1 162 0 500 m 1 km GROSSGLOCKNER GAMSGRUBE TRAIL HIGH ALPINE ROAD Am Fuß des ter. Informative Nationalpark-Pult- und mit der Aufforderung, den be- tafeln erweitern unser Wissen und quemen Weghöchsten nicht zu verlassen. Berges enthüllen immer wieder Überra- Etwas euphorisch wird der Wasser- schendes. Hier offenbart sich eine fallwinkel (2) Österreichsals »schönster Jau- unglaubliche Welt, kühn und frei senplatz« Österreichs gepriesen. Der Großglockner bewacht den viel besuchten Rastplatz im Wasserfallwinkel, QUICK FACTS gleichsam am Endpunkt des Gamsgrubenweges. LOCATION OF VALLEY: Heiligenblut National Park Municipality, 1,288 m, with access on the Grossglockner High Alpine Road. DEPARTURE POINT: Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-Höhe, 2,369 m. WALKING TIME: 2 hrs. ALTITUDE DIFFERENCE: 410 m. DETAILS: Simple walk withVon spectacularder Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-Höhe scenery by führt der Gamsgrubenweg in eine faszi- the eminencenierende of the Grossglockner Fels- und Eiswelt. (Alpine footpath). Free guided walking tours with National Park rangers on Gamsgrube Trail to Wasserfallwinkel,Wir beginnen every day die at lohnende 11AM from Wande- bau, Gold, Bergkristall und Wasser, start of July torung mid-September, am Gamsgrubenweg meeting at auf der von der Pasterzensage akustisch un- Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-HöheKaiser-Franz-Josefs-Höhe Visitors’ Centre’s (1) beim termalt. Nach dem 6. Tunnel schrei- Information Office. großen Eingangstor (Info-Zentrale) ten wir unter freiem Himmel und 163 AMENITIES: und tauchen in die Sagen- und My- vielleicht auch geblendet vom Eis- Hotels and eateriesthenwelt at des sogenannten Schatz- glanz des Großglocknermassives auf The Grossglockner looks over the popular Wasserfall- Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-Höhe,tunnels ein, mit2,369 den m. Themen Berg- demwinkel Naturlehrpfad picnic and rest area, Gamsgrube more or less the weiend of- the Gamsgrube Trail. 2 1 162 0 500 m 1 km GROSSGLOCKNER GLACIER TRAIL HIGH ALPINE ROAD UNESCO World Heritage Site Nominee. Pasterze Glacier Trail ALONG THE GLACIER TRAIL TO THE GLOCKNERHAUS A footpath, part-way dirt track, takes you down the Pasterze’s ice. We approach Lake Sandersee the valley from the Glocknerhaus mountain (with its wooden shacks) on stony ledges and lodge (1) (Glocknerhaus) to the Glacier Road, glaciated rock surfaces (sheepbacks), taking the briefly passing a moraine wall with fine sandy rope bridge over the Möll river as it cascades soil and green plant life, which the glacier powerfully down into the Zlöpfschlucht canyon. pushed here in its last major surge in 1856. The After halfway encircling the north and east of path joins Kraftwerkstrasse (gate) and leads the shallow Sandersee (3), the footpath winds to the 93 m-high Mooser and Drossen walls around rocky knolls and mossy pavement to the Über die in die Zlöpfschlucht stür- zende Möllthat gelangenhold the mistywir zum green Speicher Margaritze flat front of the glacier. The unstoppable retreat Sanderboden.reservoir (2). of the terminal ice has given way to a milky, grey- green landscape of ponds embedded in the coarse Schnee umkleidetenWe cross theJohannisberg flowing Leiterbach (plank bridge) sand, creating ‘uncharted territory’ between the hoch überand dem follow Pasterzeneis. the Glacier Auf Trail, which heads uphill debris, scree, medial and lateral moraines. Felsbänken und Rundhöckern nä- hern wir unstowards dem Sandersee the south (hölzer of -the reservoir by the tree ne Werkhütte)line with und itsder sparse Seilbrücke larches. Kidney vetches From here, the sandy footpath and Glacier Trail über dershine kraftvoll as brightin die asZlöpf the- sun while enjoying the proceed between islands of rock and along schlucht stürzenden Möll. Nachdem robust company of prostrate shrubs. The flattened moraines towards der dünn angeschwemmte Sander- Kaiser-Franz- see (3) ost-array und ofnordseitig small flowershalb um- extends to near the Josefs-Höhe. At the point where we reach the rundet ist,crags windet of sich Elisabethfelsen, der Steig über whose peak lost glacier’s 1985 position mark, the Pasterze’s Buckelfelsenits iceund in 1818.moosgerandete This makes for a beautiful rest receding ice mass over the last three decades Gesteinsparkette ins flache Glet- schervorfeldstop hinauf. at Steinzeichenplatz Mit dem unauf- and its rock garden is dramatically revealed before our eyes. The haltsamen(with Rückgang register). des Zungen Hundreds- of different cairns Hofmannsweg joins the Pasterze glacier’s eises ist einepiled in Sandgrießhigh provide gebettete a sharp contrast with the tongue here with an 80 m descent taking milchtrübe bis graugrüne Tümpel- Johannisberg coated in soft snow high above roughly ½ hr. Gut sichtbar ist die im Kalk-Glim- landschaft entstanden, ein zwischen > merschiefer bizarr eingeschnitte- Schutt, Geröll sowie Grund- und Sei- ne Möllschlucht mit Auskolkun- tenmoränenThe terrain riseseintöniges from the »Neuland«.Margaritze reservoir to We cross the Möll cascading into the The point where we met the Pasterze glacier gen und Schrammen, sowohl Lake Sandersee, then finally on the Hofmannskees Zlöpfschlucht canyon to reach the Sander in 1985 is now a deeper and wider space devoid vom Eis wie auch von der durch- glacier through to Grossglockner mountain. outwash plain. of ice. brausenden Möll geschaffen. Wir überschreiten den zugeleiteten Über die in die Zlöpfschlucht stür- Wo wir 1985 die Pasterze betreten Leiterbach (Tafeln) und folgen dem zende Möll gelangen wir zum haben, liegt heute ein tiefer und Gletscherweg, der südseitig des Sanderboden. breiter, eisfreier Raum unter uns. Speichers an der Waldgrenze bzw. Kampfzone schütterer Lärchen berg- an führt. In robuster Gesellschaft Schnee umkleideten Johannisberg 10 Minuten höher gelangen wir zur von Zwergsträuchern leuchtet hell hoch über dem Pasterzeneis. Auf Talstation der 1961 – 63 erbauten wie die Sonne der Wundklee.
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    United States Geography Olympiad Round 5 1. This system expanded in part because the area inside Route 128 had a moratorium on highway construction. The northeastern-most segment of this system runs from Bowdoin to Wonderland. In a song about this system, which mentions Jamaica Plain, a wife delivers sandwiches to it for life since her husband lacks the nickel needed to escape it; that song inspired the name of its “CharlieCard.” This system with a trifurcated Green Line has a Silver Line commuter rail to Logan International Airport, and its Red Line connects South Station to the Davis stop near the Tufts campus. For 10 points, name this system connecting Cambridge landmarks such as Harvard and MIT to many stops in Boston via underground trains. ANSWER: the Boston T [or the Boston-area public transportation system; or the Boston-area subway system; or the Boston-area MBTA subway system; or the Massachusetts Bay Transporation Authority subway system; accept the former name, Metropolitan Transit Authority; accept MTA] 104-13-82-05101 2. The Francis Beidler Forest is located in one of these areas known as the “Four Hole” one. One of these locations was set to be the location of a DuPont titanium mining operation that was scuttled in 1997 due to public protest; that location of this type was the origin of the Bugaboo Scrub Fire. Lake Drummond is located in one of these places that was the location of a maroon colony. One of these places can be accessed at Stephen Foster State Park and is located on the Suwanee River.
  • Via Ferrata: a Short Introduction Giuliano Bressan, Claudio Melchiorri CAI – Club Alpino Italiano

    Via Ferrata: a Short Introduction Giuliano Bressan, Claudio Melchiorri CAI – Club Alpino Italiano

    Via Ferrata: A short introduction Giuliano Bressan, Claudio Melchiorri CAI – Club Alpino Italiano 1. Introduction In the last years, the number of persons climbing “vie ferrate” has rapidly increased, and this manner of approaching mountains is becoming more and more popular among mountaineers and hikers, in particular among young persons. The terms “via ferrata” and “sentiero attrezzato” (or equipped path) indicate that a set of fixed equipment (metallic ropes, ladders, chains, bridges, …) is installed along an itinerary in order to facilitate its ascension, guaranteeing at the same time a good margin of security. In this manner, also non extremely expert persons may have the opportunity to approach mountains and vertical walls that would be climbable, without this equipment, only by means of standard climbing techniques and equipment (i.e. rope, pitons, and so on). With this fixed equipment it is then possible to grant almost to everybody the emotion of altitudes and the excitement of vertical walls, without taking major risks and without being involved, possibly, in dangerous situations. Nevertheless, practicing “vie ferrate” should not be compared with the classical climbing activity. As a matter of fact, also considering the physical and psychological engagement necessary in any case to climb a “via ferrata” (some are very difficult from a technical and physical point of view), very different are the technical skills, the experience, the capabilities and the emotional control needed to face in a proper way any negative situation possibly occurring in a mountaineering activity. Nowadays, the term “via ferrata” has been internationally adopted, although in some countries they are also known as Klettersteig (this word indicates the specific karabiners to be used in this activity).