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(Tfims) As Crucial Actors in Conflict Transformation Case Study: Mali
The Network for Religious and Traditional Peacemakers publication 1 Véronique Dudouet BASELINE STUDY Tradition- & Faith-Oriented Insider Mediators (TFIMs) as Crucial Actors in Conflict Transformation Case Study: Mali Contents 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................3 2. Mediation roles and engagements ......................................................................................4 3. Mediation approaches, methods, tools ...............................................................................6 4. Successes and challenges ..................................................................................................7 5. Support: Needs, opportunities and risks ..............................................................................9 6. Conclusion .....................................................................................................................10 7. References ......................................................................................................................11 Background of this case study In mediation processes, usually an outsider and impartial third party mediator is sought. In certain contexts, especially in traditional and high-context societies, an insider mediator who is intrinsic (geographically, culturally and normatively) to the conflict context, and thereby partial, often gets more legitimacy to mediate than an outsider. Tradition- & faith-oriented insider mediator (TFIMs) are -
Religious Reorientation in Southern Mali Tone Sommerfelt, Anne Hatløy and Kristin Jesnes – a Summary
Religious reorientation in Southern Mali Tone Sommerfelt, Anne Hatløy and Kristin Jesnes – A summary While the increasing significance of radical Salafist Islam in the North of Mali is well known, religious reorientation in the South has received much less public attention. In a series of Religious reorientation reports, we focus on changes in views on politics, religion and social conditions among Muslims in Southern Mali. The studies are based on data collected in Mali in June 2014, both in Southern Mali during in-depth interviews with religious and political leaders, and in a perception survey among 1210 adults in Southern Mali. The study was funded by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. – A summary Other reports in this series are: • Religious reorientation in Southern Mali – Tabulation report • Religious issues and ethnicity in Southern Mali • ’Laïcité’ in Southern Mali: Current public discussions on secularism and religious freedom All reports are available in English and French. P.O. Box 2947 Tøyen Fafo-report 2015:19 N-0608 Oslo ISBN 978-82-324-0203-8 www.fafo.no ISSN 0801-6143 20424-omslag-omløpende.indd 1 26.10.2015 15:00:54 © Fafo 2015 ISBN 978-82-324-0203-8 ISSN 0801-6143 Cover page photo: Tone Sommerfelt Design: Fafo Information Office Tone Sommerfelt, Anne Hatløy and Kristin Jesnes Religious reorientation in Southern Mali – A summary Fafo-report 2015:19 Abstract Following the advances of militant Islamist groups and the French intervention in Northern Mali in 2012, popular discussions about the spread of “Salafist” versions of Islam have flourished in the Malian web-based media. -
Travelling Hierarchies: Roads in and out of Slave Status in a Central Malian Fulbe Network Pelckmans, L
Travelling hierarchies: roads in and out of slave status in a Central Malian Fulbe network Pelckmans, L. Citation Pelckmans, L. (2011). Travelling hierarchies: roads in and out of slave status in a Central Malian Fulbe network. Leiden: African Studies Centre. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/17911 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) License: Leiden University Non-exclusive license Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/17911 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Travelling hierarchies African Studies Centre African Studies Collection, Vol. 34 Travelling hierarchies Roads in and out of slave status in a Central Malian Fulɓe network Lotte Pelckmans African Studies Centre P.O. Box 9555 2300 RB Leiden The Netherlands [email protected] http://www.ascleiden.nl Cover design: Heike Slingerland Cover photo: Humoristic painting about the difficulties on the road, handpainted by Bamako- based artist L. Kante Photographs: Lotte Pelckmans Maps drawn by Nel de Vink Printed by Ipskamp Drukkers, Enschede ISSN: 1876-018X ISBN: 978-90-5448-105-8 © Lotte Pelckmans, 2011 Contents List of maps, photos, images, tables and figures viii Acknowledgments: Some words of thanks and belonging x Notes on transliteration and orthography xv INTRODUCTION 1 Setting the scene 1 Questions and eyebrows raised 3 Emic notions guiding the research problematic 7 The Road: Trajectories in and out of the cultural field of hierarchy 14 Methodological considerations 16 The Rope, the Head and the Road in anthropological debates 18 Zooming in: An overview of the chapters 30 1. PRESENT(-ED) PASTS 33 A disturbing past 33 The formation of hierarchies in the Haayre region 35 Contested histories 49 Conclusions: Presenting the past over time 63 2. -
The Roots of Mali's Conflict
The roots of Mali’s conflict The roots Mali’s of The roots of Mali’s conflict Moving beyond the 2012 crisis CRU Report Grégory Chauzal Thibault van Damme The roots of Mali’s conflict Moving beyond the 2012 crisis Grégory Chauzal Thibault van Damme CRU report March 2015 The Sahel Programme is supported by March 2015 © Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders. About the authors Grégory Chauzal is a senior research fellow at Clingendael’s Conflict Research Unit. He specialises in Mali/Sahel issues and develops the Maghreb-Sahel Programme for the Institute. Thibault Van Damme works for Clingendael’s Conflict Research Unit as a project assistant for the Maghreb-Sahel Programme. About CRU The Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ is a think tank and diplomatic academy on international affairs. The Conflict Research Unit (CRU) is a specialized team within the Institute, conducting applied, policy-oriented research and developing practical tools that assist national and multilateral governmental and non-governmental organizations in their engagement in fragile and conflict-affected situations. Clingendael Institute P.O. Box 93080 2509 AB The Hague The Netherlands Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.clingendael.nl/ Table of Contents Acknowledgements 6 Executive summary 8 Introduction 10 1. The 2012 crisis: the fissures of a united insurrection 10 2. A coup in the south 12 3. -
Shehu Uthman Dan Fodio and His Economic Ideas
Munich Personal RePEc Archive Shehu Uthman Dan Fodio and his economic ideas Islahi, Abdul Azim Islamic Economics Institute, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 2008 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40916/ MPRA Paper No. 40916, posted 29 Aug 2012 04:28 UTC Shehu Uthman Dan Fodio and His Economic Ideas Abdul Azim Islahi1 In an attempt to investigate Muslim economic thinking in the 12th century Hijrah, corresponding 18th century C E, the present paper explores economic ideas of one of the greatest Muslim personalities of the period, Shehu Uthman Dan Fodio (1167- 1233/1754-1817), who is commonly known as revivalist and renovator of religious beliefs and practices and founder of the Sokoto Khilafat. At the outset, to provide background knowledge of the personality of Shehu Uthman Dan Fodio, the paper sheds light on time and environment in which he lived, his life and work, and his impact. Time and Environment Shehu Uthman Dan Fodio1 (1167-1233/1754-1817) belonged to the Fulani tribe2. The Fulani people are found all over West Africa from the Futa Jalon region to the Cameroons (Balogun, 1981, p. 15). Some of Fulani had settled and had become actually integrated with the Hausas. The ancestors of Uthman Dan Fodio moved into Hausaland3 in the fifteenth century under the leadership of Musa Jokollo and settled in the Hausa State of Gobir (Sulaiman, 1986, p. ix). According to Sulaiman, in early eighteenth century, ‘Hausaland was at a critical stage in its history, needing a profound challenge to stir its conscience’ (ibid, p. xviii),. Unbelief, iniquity and open defiance of Allah’s laws became the order of the day. -
Note N°13/21
Note n°13/21 April 22, 2021 Pierre Boussel Associate fellow, Fondation pour la recherche stratégique Associate fellow, UMR 7324 CITERES-EMAM (Arab World and Mediterranean Team), University of Tours Should we negotiate with armed terrorist groups? The idea of normalizing relations with radical Islamism – unthinkable in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks, is also unrealistic. The battles won against Al Qaeda in Afghanistan and the Islamic State group on the Syrian-Iraqi axis have failed to defeat a fragmented adversary, one that persists in rejecting the idea of peaceful coexistence between peoples. Armed Islamist groups believe that victory is achieved through a permanent conflict on “godless” nations, with the outcome of the fight being less important than the commitment to sustained operations costly in human lives, thereby demonstrating the timelessness of Islam. Conversely, the nations mobilized in the fight against terrorism intrinsically believe that victory leads to a renunciation of hostilities and the opening of negotiations. Failing to obtain peace through military crushing, mediation or dogma, the confrontation continues without any formulation of the peace that should be concluded, negotiated, or imposed on the armed groups, of the terms of cohabitation of our respective societies; one conservative Islamist, the other secular social liberal. The first step In 2009, the year Washington planned to send four thousand additional troops to Afghanistan to press the insurgency, a Taliban leader was identified as a target of interest: Abdul Ghani Baradar, then in charge of the Taliban’s military, religious and financial activities1. The few available sources on Baradar speak of a man determined to expel foreign forces, but not averse to negotiation. -
"Bad Guys": Towards Dialogue with Central Mali's Jihadists
Speaking with the “Bad Guys”: Toward Dialogue with Central Mali’s Jihadists $IULFD5HSRUW1_0D\ +HDGTXDUWHUV ,QWHUQDWLRQDO&ULVLV*URXS $YHQXH/RXLVH %UXVVHOV%HOJLXP 7HO )D[ EUXVVHOV#FULVLVJURXSRUJ Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. The Crisis in Central Mali ................................................................................................. 3 A. The Katiba Macina: An Ingrained Insurgency .......................................................... 3 B. Intercommunal Violence ........................................................................................... 5 C. The Limits of Counter-terrorism and Development ................................................. 7 D. Breaking the Taboo .................................................................................................... 10 III. Obstacles to Dialogue ....................................................................................................... 12 A. Are Jihadist Demands “Exceptional”? ....................................................................... 12 B. The Katiba Macina’s Outside Connections ................................................................ 14 C. Domestic and Foreign Pressures .............................................................................. -
ISLAMIC ECONOMIC THINKING in the 12Th AH/18Th CE CENTURY with Special Reference to Shah Wali-Allah Al-Dihlawi
ISLAMIC ECONOMIC THINKING IN THE 12th AH/18th CE CENTURY With Special Reference to Shah Wali-Allah al-Dihlawi Abdul Azim Islahi Islamic Economics Research Center King Abdulaziz University Scientific Publising Center King Abdulaziz University http://spc.kau.edu.sa © King Abdulaziz University 2011A.D. (1432 A.H.) All rights reserved. 1st Edition: 2011 A.D. (1432 A.H.) King Fahd National Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data Islahi, Abdul Azim Islamic economic thinking in the 12th A.H./18th CE century. / Abdul Azim Islahi. - Jeddah, 2011 .. p; .. cm ISBN: 978-9960-06-576-2 1- Islamic Economics 2- Islamic economy I - Title 330.121 dc 1432/6219 L.D. no. 1432/6219 ISBN: 978-9960-06-576-2 King Abdulaziz University Press FOREWORD The Islamic Economics Research Center has great pleasure in presenting th Islamic Economic Thinking in the 12th AH (corresponding 18 CE) Century with Special Reference to Shah Wali-Allah al-Dihlawi). The author, Professor Abdul Azim Islahi, is a well-known specialist in the history of Islamic economic thought. In this respect, we have already published his following works: Contributions of Muslim Scholars to th Economic Thought and Analysis up to the 15 Century; Muslim th Economic Thinking and Institutions in the 16 Century, and A Study on th Muslim Economic Thinking in the 17 Century. The present work and the previous series have filled, to an extent, the gap currently existing in the study of the history of Islamic economic thought. In this study, Dr. Islahi has explored the economic ideas of Shehu Uthman dan Fodio of West Africa, a region generally neglected by researchers. -
How Islam Shapes Politics in Mali
POLICY BRIEF SACRED STRUGGLES: HOW ISLAM SHAPES POLITICS IN MALI Andrew Lebovich November 2019 SUMMARY Religious issues and leadership play an increasingly important role in the lives of many Malians, but international actors are ill-equipped to understand and analyse this. Mali’s religious leaders are heterogeneous and defy easy characterisation, often collaborating with one another on important issues, such as public morality and religion’s role in society, even when their practices diverge. European policymakers should not view religious activism in Mali purely through the lens of counter-terrorism, extremism, and radicalisation. Instead, they should perceive such activism as related to the demands Malians make of religious leaders, religious movements, and the government. Malian religious leaders are active on political issues and often interact with the government, but their most effective forms of engagement often come from their independence from the authorities. There is currently little chance of large-scale representation of Muslim leaders in elected office in Mali – although this could change in the future. Introduction Mali’s religious leaders draw crowds so large that they are the envy of its politicians and celebrities. When a stadium in Bamako – the country’s capital and largest city – fills with tens of thousands of people, it is more likely than not to be for a religious rally or celebration rather than a campaign speech. Although Malian political leaders regularly refer to their country’s secular nature – enshrined in Mali’s 1992 constitution – religious actors play a defining role in Mali’s society and, at times, its politics. In recent years, the influence of religion on Malian society has gained the attention of European leaders and policymakers due to the rising threat from Salafist jihadist groups based in the Sahel – whose activities seem, at times, to centre on Mali. -
Reinventing Epic in French West African Literature
Whose Hero? Reinventing Epic in French West African Literature by Jonathon Repinecz A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in French in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Karl Brito Professor Soraya Tlatli Professor Charles Briggs Fall 2013 Whose Hero? Reinventing Epic in French West African Literature Copyright 2013 by Jonathon Repinecz 1 Abstract Whose Hero? Reinventing Epic in French West African Literature by Jonathon Repinecz Doctor of Philosophy in French University of California, Berkeley Professor Karl Britto, Chair This dissertation explores the relationship between oral and written literature through the lens of epic. Springing from an engagement with scholarship that has defined and defended the notion of an African epic, it seeks to reevaluate the relevance of this category in the case of West African literature in French. While some critics have argued that the concept of epic is too Eurocentric to be relevant to African narrative traditions, most believe that to renounce the idea of an “African epic” is to stifle comparative literature, and possibly even to reproduce the trope of a Dark Continent too primitive to produce anything great. At the same time, scholars of francophone literature regularly rely on the notion of an “epic” dimension in some contemporary texts. However, such studies too frequently conform to Mikhail Bakhtin’s vision of this dimension as a grandiose but flat world of ancient heroes, utterly removed from the evolving concerns of the present—which belong to the realm of the novel. This study both draws on and challenges scholarship within these conversations in order to propose a more innovative reading of West African oral traditional narratives that we call epic, as well as their place in francophone writing. -
Current Public Discussions on Secularism and Religious Freedom
’Laïcité’ in Southern Mali: Tone Sommerfelt and Kristin Jesnes Current public discussions on secularism and religious freedom While the increasing significance of radical Salafist Islam in the North of Mali is well known, religious reorientation in the South has received much less public attention. In a series of ’Laïcité’ in Southern Mali: reports, we focus on changes in views on politics, religion and social conditions among Muslims in Southern Mali. The studies are based on data collected in Mali in June 2014, both Current public discussions on during in-depth interviews with religious and political leaders, and in a perception survey among 1210 adults in Southern Mali. The study was funded by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This report discusses relations between the state and religious organizations secularism and religious freedom and current public debates on the secularity of the Malian state. Other reports in this series are: • Religious reorientation in Southern Mali – A summary • Religious reorientation in Southern Mali – Tabulation report • Religious issues and ethnicity in Southern Mali All reports are available in English and French. P.O. Box 2947 Tøyen Fafo-report 2015:05 N-0608 Oslo ISBN 978-82-324-0182-6 www.fafo.no ISSN 0801-6143 20410-omslag-omløpende.indd 1 29.05.2015 14:02:28 Tone Sommerfelt and Kristin Jesnes ’Laïcité’ in Southern Mali: Current public discussions on secularism and religious freedom Fafo-report 2015:05 © Fafo 2015 ISBN 978-82-324-0182-6 ISSN 0801-6143 Design: Mary Jane de Guzman Cover page photo: Tone Sommerfelt Cover page design: Fafo Information Office 2 Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... -
Forced Begging, Aid and Children's Rights in Senegal
Forced Begging, Aid and Children’s Rights in Senegal: Stories of Suffering and Politics of Compassion in the Promotion of Rights for the Taalibe Qur’anic School Children of Senegal and Mali Sara Elizabeth Lahti Thiam Department of Anthropology McGill University, Montreal December 2014 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy © 2014 Sara Thiam To Mom and Dad Abstract Due to recently expanded definitions of human and child trafficking among transnational actors, thousands of Qur’anic students throughout Senegal, West Africa, called taalibes, who beg to support their schools, have been identified as victims of trafficking. Senegal’s generous supply-driven alms-giving draws schools of boys from throughout the region to beg. To gain financial and institutional support to promote the taalibes’ human rights, activists disseminate compassion- generating communications to transnational audiences about their exploitation at the hands of their masters. Locally in Senegal, taalibe begging is not seen as trafficking. Rather, within a discourse about Qur’anic schools as vulnerable schools, people understand their mass urban migration and begging to be an unfortunate result of severe rural poverty. Malian families that send their children to Senegal defend taalibe hardship within a pedagogy of suffering– to instill respect and discipline. Where the transnational trafficking discourse calls Qur’anic masters who make their pupils beg criminal exploiters, the local vulnerable schools discourse views them as legitimate educators. To them, they are victims of past colonial repression and a currently neglected educational system. In this thesis, I document how each of these discourses have taken form and what happens when they converge on the ground.