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A Naturalist Lost – CP Thunberg's Disciple Johan Arnold

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九州大学学術情報リポジトリ Kyushu University Institutional Repository A naturalist lost – C. P. Thunberg’s disciple Johan Arnold Stützer (1763–1821) in the East Indies Wolfgang, Michel Faculty of Languages and Cultures, Kyushu University : Professor emeritus http://hdl.handle.net/2324/1563681 出版情報：Japanese collections in European museums : reports from the Toyota-Foundation- Symposium Königswinter 2003. 3, pp.147-162, 2015-03-01. Bier'sche Verlagsanstalt バージョン： 権利関係： A NATURALIST LOST - C. P. THUNBERG'S DISCIPLE JOHAN ARNOLD STUTZER (1763-1821) IN THE EAST INDIES Wolfgang MICHEL, Fukuoka Johan Arnold Stiitzer was one of two disciples man barber surgeon, Martin Christian Wilhelm of the renowned Swedish scholar Carl Peter Stiitzer (1727- 1806). Martin Stiitzer had im­ Thunberg who traveled overseas as an employ­ migrated from Oranienburg (Prussia) to Stock­ ee of the Dutch East India Company to lay the holm during the 17 50s. After traveling to the foundations of an academic career. Following West Indies in 1757 and undertaking further in the footsteps of his famous teacher, he even studies including an examination to become managed to work as a surgeon at the Dutch trad­ a surgeon in 1760, he married Anna Maria ing post ofDejima in Nagasaki. However, after Soem (?- 1766), whose father, Christian Soem years of rapidly changing circumstances and ( 1694-1775), was also a barber surgeon. 1 twists and turns, this promising young naturalist Surgeons were educated and organized settled down to serve the British in Ceylon with­ in guilds and, like his father-in-law, Martin out ever returning to Europe. While most of the Stiitzer took part in the fight for recognition objects collected by Westerners in Japan ended and reputation. Growing up in a studious en­ up in Central European collections, Stiitzer vironment, Johan Arnold attended school in eventually donated his treasures to the Russian Stockholm while receiving further lessons empress Catherine II ( 1729-1796). in languages and sciences at home and, from The first outline of Stiitzer's life was pub­ 1776, even surgical instruction from his ambi­ lished almost two centuries ago in Saclden's tious father (SACK.LEN 1824: 564f). "Swedish History of Medicine" (SACK.LEN 1824: 564f). A recent and more detailed description Thunberg s Influence based on his letters to Thunberg has been given by Mason C. Hoadley and Ingvar Svanberg, In October 1779, he enrolled at Uppsala Uni­ who focus on his travels through Java (HOADLEY versity (CARLSSON 1925: 228), where he met and SvANBERG 1991 ). The present study sheds Carl Peter Thunberg (1743- 1828), a gifted new light on Stiitzer's stay in Japan, which has disciple of the then recently deceased Carl not been explored in previous research, and von Linne (1707- 1778). Thunberg had just presents further findings elucidating his biogra­ returned from a nine-year journey, bringing phy and his Japanese collection. with him an impressive collection of natural specimens from South Africa, Southeast Asia, Childhood 1 For more on "Chir. Mag. Martin Christian Wil­ Johan Arnold Stiitzer was born in Stockholm helm Stiitzer", see SACKLEN 1822: 889f. and on 23 February 1763 as the first child of a Ger- lIJELT 1891: l, 269, 403-405. 147 Wolfgang Michel .. /, •/() /} ~ · - a set of watercolors that had ._.....- ·· · i.~~ lt ~~. ~ ~ ~~.. 4; · been sent to Christian Mentzel #\ ~ (1622- 1702) about a century (/ ,_,~u-.f ~_ /· . I~ ~_.:fJ~ n;b.~ .· __;) _ earlier by the German physician -\ / z- -,· and merchant Andreas Cleyer ~ . ~:uh<-., / ~ . (1634-1698), who had twice .__ ___________- __________ __. served as chief of the Dutch Fig. 1: Address on a letter from J. A. Stiltzer to the "very fa,. trading post Dejima in Japan mous professor of botany Charles Pierre Thunberg" (1784) during the 1~80s {KRAFT 1975: {Uppsala University Library). 158-196). In 1695, Mentzel, a physician, botanist and Sinolo­ and Japan.2 At the time, he was teaching as a gist, added a dedication to the Elector and had botanical demonstrator (botanices demonstra­ the watercolors bound together with a fron­ tor), but he would soon ascend to the chair of tispiece, copper portraits of Friedrich Ill and his revered teacher Linne. Details of Stiitzer's Carolina Sophia and other materials to form 4 studies are not known. Given the numerous an impressive Flora Japanica (sic) • Stiitzer letters the two men exchanged during the fol­ promised Thunberg that he would copy the Jap­ lowing decades, there is no doubt that Thun­ anese names and other relevant information. 5 In berg had a lasting influence on his disciple. February 1783, he also made a short journey to After a few years in Uppsala and Stockholm, visit professor Joseph von Quarin (1733-1814) Stiitzer received a grant to undertake surgical in Vienna, one of Maria Theresa's physicians studies and decided to embark on the inevita­ and, from 1784, director of the General Hospi­ ble academic peregrination. tal (NDB 21: 38ff.). In 1781, Thunberg had begun to publish Berlin Nova Genera Plantarum, a series of disserta­ tions defended by his disciples but basically Stiitzer's first stop on his journey was Berlin written by himself. The first of these disserta­ (HOADLEY and SvANBERG 1991: 95), where tions was by Claes Frederik Homstedt, who he won the support of Johann Theodor Pyl went to Batavia shortly afterward (discussed (1749-1794), a renowned specialist in foren­ further below).6 In the same year, Thunberg sic medicine and chief public health physi­ also started a series titled Novae Insectorum cian (ADB 26: 783fl). Stiitzer kept in contact Species with an entomological dissertation de­ with Thunberg who, obviously having heard fended by Samuel Nicolas Casstrom. 7 Stiitzer about a collection of Japanese watercolors of 4 Currently held at the Staatsbibliothek in Berlin plants and birds, asked for more information as Libri Picturati 41-42. Published as part of the 3 and the Japanese names. The collection was Exhibition Catalogue DIJ 1990/91, nos. 74-1 - 74-27. 2 For a comprehensive description of Thunberg's 5 Letter from Stiltzer to Thunberg (October 14, life, see MoHNIKE 1831: 3-56. Mohnike's son 1783); HOADLEY and SVANBERG 1991: 95. Otto Gottlieb Johann Mohnike (1814-1887) 6 Nova Genera Plantarum, quorum partem pri­ later served as one of Thunberg's successors at mam [... ] exhibent Praeses Carol. P. Thunberg Dejima for five years. [ ... ] et Respondens Claudius Fr. Hornstedt [ ... ] 3 Letters from Stiltzer to Thunberg (December 3, in Audit. Gust. D. XXIV. Nov. Anno MDC­ 1782; June 15, 1783); HOADLEY and SvANBERG CLXXXI. Upsalia: Joh. Edman, 1781. 1991: 95. 7 Dissertatio sistens novas insectorum species, sis- 148 A Naturalist Lost - C. P. Thunberg's Disciple Johan Arnold Sffltzer (1763- 1821) in the East Indies .. :- 0 i :" I • ~~ ifL::: J Fig. 2: Gold and silver Japanese coins from C.P. Thunberg's Abhand­ lung von den Munzsorten (1784) (Sachsische Landesbibliothek, Staats­ und Universitatsbibliothek Dresden). asked for a copy and showed much interest in a zu Drontheim, Lund, u.s. w. Abhandlung paper about Japanese coins that Thunberg had von den Milnzsorten, welche in altem presented to the Swedish Academy of Sciences und neuem Zeiten im Kaiserthum Japan in 1779.8 Stiitzer's mentor Pyl published the geschlagen worden und gangbar gewesen German translation of this text in 1784: sind. Mit acht Kupfem. Aus dem Scbwedi­ scben ilbersetzt. Stendal, bei Franzen und H[er ]m Carl Peter Thunberg der Arzneiwis­ Grosse. ([PYL:] (1784) senscbaft Doktor und Professor zu Upsala, Mitglied der Romiscb-Kaiserl. Akademie Stiitzer, who appears in this booklet only as der Naturforscher, der Konigl. Schwedi­ "der Obersetzer'' (the translator), first gives an schen Akademie der Wissenscbaften zu outline of Thunberg's activities after his return Stock-Holm, und der gelehrten Sozietaten to Sweden. Thunberg's book about his travels in Africa and Asia had yet to be printed, which tens, cujus Partem Primam [ ... ] exhibent Praeses is why Thunberg presents a long description Carol. P. Thunberg [ ... ] et Respondens Samuel of Japan and the Japanese before turning to Col. CasstrOm [ ...] in Audit. Gust. Maj. D. XV the coins he had smuggled out of the coun­ Dec. Anno MDCCLXXI. Upsalia: Joh. Edman, try in the autumn of 1776. There is no doubt 1781. that Stiitzer had accumulated a considerable 8 lntriides-Tal, om de mynt-sorter, som i !ldre och amount of knowledge about Japan before leav­ sednare tider blifvit slagne och varit gangbare uti kejsardOmet Japan; hAllet fOr Kongl. Vetenskaps­ ing Europe. Acadernien, den 25 Aug. 1779. Stockholm: Johan Georg Lange, 1779. 149 Wolfgang Michel Amsterdam In the spring of 1785, Swedish physi­ cian and naturalist Clas Fredrik Homstedt Against his father's wishes, Stiitzer decided to (1758- 1809) arrived in Amsterdam. In a follow Thunberg's example and travel to the letter dated May 24, he mentions "Stytzer" East Indies. He arrived in Amsterdam in the as one of several visitors, among them Bur­ summer of 1784, but everyone Thunberg had mann with wife and daughters, the anato­ recommended had either died or left the city.9 mistAndreas Bonn (1738- 1817), the chem­ While seeking employment in the Dutch East ist Dirk van Rhijn (1745-1854), and the India Company, Stiitzer undertook some medi­ merchant Johannes Fahreus (1745-1821).12 cal studies. A letter dated October 24, 1784 After his successful defense of a disserta­ shows that he, with the support of Professqr tion presided over by Thunberg in 1781, Burman, had finally managed to secure a con­ Homstedt had sailed to Batavia. With the tract as a senior surgeon (oppermeester) with a support of Governor General Willem Arnold 10 salary of 36 guilders per month • He intended Alting and the Batavian Society of Arts and to take an exam in November, 11 but it is not Sciences (Bataviaasch Genootschap van clear whether this was an academic exami­ Kunsten en Wetenschappen), he collected nation or the one requested by the East India plants, animals, minerals, and ethnological Company as a precondition of employment.
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  • Diptera: Oestroidea) Magdi S

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    El-Hawagry Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control (2018) 28:46 Egyptian Journal of https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-018-0042-3 Biological Pest Control RESEARCH Open Access Catalogue of the Tachinidae of Egypt (Diptera: Oestroidea) Magdi S. El-Hawagry Abstract Tachinid flies are an important group of parasitoids in their larval stage, and all their hosts are of the Arthropoda, almost exclusively other insects, including important insect pests in agriculture and forestry. All known Egyptian taxa of the family Tachinidae are systematically catalogued. Synonymies, type localities, type depositories, world distributions by biogeographic realm(s) and country, Egyptian localities, and dates of collection are provided. A total of 72 tachinid species belonging to 42 genera, 15 tribes, and 4 subfamilies has been treated. Keywords: Tachinid flies, Egyptian taxa, World distribution, Egyptian localities, Dates of collection Background agriculture and forestry. They typically parasitize phytopha- Tachinidae are a large and cosmopolitan family of flies gous larvae of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera or nymphs of within the superfamily Oestroidea. It is the second largest Hemiptera and Orthoptera. Consequently, tachinid flies family in the order Diptera (Irwin et al. 2003), with some have been successfully applied in programs of biological 1500 recognized genera (O’Hara 2016) and more than control against different insect pests (Stireman et al. 2006; 8500 described species (O’Hara 2013) worldwide. How- O’Hara 2008 and Cerretti and Tschorsnig 2010). ever, the estimated true diversity of the family is probably No comprehensive taxonomic studies on the family double the number of the currently known species, mak- Tachinidae have been carried out in Egypt before.