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FORBES'S HINDIIBMr MANUAL^ '-^:- ; A S^ECTiON FBOM Messes. ALLTlN & Go's" List op BOOKS IN THE EASTERN LANGUAGES. HINDirSTAl^I^ HINDI, &c. \ L>j\ F^r^jcs's Works are icsed as Class Booles iii^tJie CoUeaes in, Forbes s Hindustam-EngliSn "'DictionAr}^ in the Persian Character, with -the Hindi words inrEagavl also ; and an English Hindustani Dictionary in tire English Character both in one voliime. Eoyal 8vo. 423. Forbes's Hiridiistani Dictionary, the Two Volumes in One, in the English Character. Royal 8vo. 36s. Forbes's smaller Dictionary, Hindustani— English. In ' the English Gliaracter. 12s. Forbes's HindHstani Grammar, with Specimens of Writing in the Persian and Nagari Characters, Reading Lessons, and Yocahulary. 8vo. 10s. 6d. Platts' Hindustani Grammar. 8vo: rForbes's Hindnstani Manual, containing a Compendious Grrammar, Exercises for Tr-anslation, Dialogues, and Yoca- hulary, in the Roman Character. Carefully Revised and brought up to present date by John T. Platts. ISmo. 3s. 6d. Forbes's Bagh o Bahiir, in the Persian Character, with a complete Vocabulary. Royal Svo. 12s. 6d. Forbes's Bggh o Bahar, with Vocabulaiy, in the English Character. 12mo. 5s. Forbes's Bagh o Bahar, in Enghsh, with Explanatoiy -J^otes, illustrative of Eastern Character. Svo. 8s. " Forbes's Baitiil PachisI : or, Twenty-five Tales of a De- mon," in the Nagari Character, with Vocabulary. Roy.8vo.9s. Platts' Baital Pachisi. Translated into English. 8vo. 8s. _ [The Bagh o Bahar, in the Persian Character, and the Baital Pachisi, in the ^N^agari Character, are the books in which officers have to pass ths ordinary examinations in India."] ^Torbes's Tota KahanT; or, "Tales of a Parrot," in the Persian Character, with a Vocabulary. Royal Svo. Ss. " Forbes s Ikhwanu s Safa ; or, Brothers of Purity," in the Persian Character. Royal Svo. 12$. 6d. Platte^ Ikhwanu s Safa. Translated into English. Uhrough the Press hf^jBjjmk/mpiLi, C.B., M.P., Svo. 10s. ed.'V'^^^^^^ HINDUSTANI, HINDI (continued). SiNGHASAN Battisi. In Hindi. Revise^d,-.corrected, and ^comp,3ifed with co|^ious Notes. B.y Sxed Abdoolah. ' Eoyal 8vo. 12s. 6d. , Akhlaki Hindi, translated into Urdu, with an Intro- duction and Notes. By Sted Abdoolah. Royal 8vo. 12si 6d. Eastwicks (E. B.) Peem.vSagur, in the Persian Char- acter, with Vocabulary. 4to. 30s. Robertson's English—Hindustani Vocab. 3s. 6d. FoEBEs's Oriental Penmanship : a- Guide to Writing Hindustani in the Persian Character. 4to. 8s. *'* ' SANSCRIT. Haughton's Sanscrit and Bengali Dictionary, in the Bengali Character, with Index, serving as a reversed dic- tionary. 4to. 30s. Williams's English and Sanscrit Dictionary. 4to 63s. Williams' Sanscrit and . English Dictionary. 4to. £4 14s. 6d. Williams's Practical Sanscrit Grammar. 8vo. 15s. Williams's Sanscrit Manual ; to which is added, a Vocabulary, by A. E. GrOtrGH. 18mo. Ts. 6d. Gough's Key to the Exercises in Williams's Sans- crit Manual. 18mo. .4s. Haughton's Manu, with EnglishTrans. 2 vols. 4to. 24s. Johnson's (Prof. F.) Hitopadesa, the Sanscrit Text, with Annotations and a complete Vocabulary of the Words occm'ring in the work, &c. 4to. 15s. Johnson's Hitopadesa, translated literally from the Sanscrit for the use of Students. 4to. 5s. Wilson's Megha Duta, with Translation into English Verse, Notes, Illustrations, and a Vocabulary. Royal 8vo. 6s. Williams's (Monier) Sakuntala. The Text, with Notes, &c. Translation of Metrical Passages. Royal 8vo. £1 Is. Williams's Sakuntala. Translated into English. 8s. ' ' ' Williams's Vikramorvasi. The Text. 5s.' . CowELl's TrANSJ^jMBON of the VllCRAMQRVAS:y^S. 6d. Thompson's Bh^^avat^Gita. Text.' 6s. ^Sp-^gji 'CaAyi^4M\. I. THE hindustM manual, INTENDED TO FACILITATE THE ESSENTIAL ATTAINMENTS OF CONVERSING WITH FLUENCY, AND COMPOSING WITH ACCURACY, IN THE MOST USEFUL OF ALL THE LANGUAGES SPOKEN IN OUR EASTERN EMPIRE. PART I. A COMPENDIOUS GEAMMAE OF THE LANGTJAGE, WITH EXERCISES, USEFUL PHRASES, DIALOGUES, ETC. PART II. A YOCABIJLAEY OF USEETIL WOEDS, ENGLISH AND HINDUSTANI, By the late DUNCAN FOEBES, LL.D. A New Edition, carefully revised By JOHN T. PLATTS, LONJ^ON: Wm. H. ALLEN & Co., 13^ WATERLOO PLACE, S.W., Publishers to the India Office. 1874. "^4 LONDON WM n. ALLEN AND CO., PRINTJEl.S, I3, -VVATEELOO PLACE, S.W. EDITOR'S PREFACE. This edition of The Hindustani Manual will be found to differ but slightly from previous editions in the first or grammatical section ; but the alterations in the other sections are almost numerous enough to give it the character of a nev^ work. It has not been deemed advis- able to change the arrangement in any way, but the structure of the Hindustani sentences, and the use of obsolete and provincial idioms and words, called for considerable revision, and this has been effected. An Urdu scholar who has lived in India will not need to be told that the Hindiistani of Calcutta, Madras, and Bom- bay—and this is the Hindustani of a great part of the older editions of the Manual—departs considerably from the purity of the Urdu of Northern and North-western India; and it is with the view of bringing the language of the Manual to this standard that the numerous corrections have been considered necessary. A new section on household matters has been added to the work, for the benefit, chiefly, of English ladies in India ; and in this the liberty has been taken of introducing a number of ^. iv editor's preface. English words, although the corresponding Hindiistani words for most of them exist. In this the Editor has been guided by the regular practice of servants in India. But the use of English words, it may be observed, is not con- fined to servants alone ; even educated natives of the country now freely use—not, it may be allowed, beef and mutton^ and other similar words; but—such words as appeal, judge, session, decree, council, scientific, pension, captain, etc., for which Urdii in some cases either has no equiva- lent, or which it would have to express by a periphrasis. Such words are on the increase, and most native scholars approve of their in- troduction ; —but the case is very different in respect of English idiom; against this all Urdu scholars steadily set their face. Words once adopted are spelt as pronounced by natives of India (e.g. apll, jaj, piftshan, kaptdn), and in respect of gender, declension, etc., are treated like other Hindiistani words. The Editor has to express his warmest thanks to M. Safdar 'All, Extra Assistant Commissioner, Jabalpur, and Pandit Ganpat Rao, District In- spector of Schools, Narsinghpur, for the valuable assistance they so kindly afforded him in the revision and correction of the work. London, Oct. i, 1873. PREFACE. In this new edition of the Hindustani Manual, I have greatly extended the materials for Exercise in Composition, being well aware, from long experience, that such a course contributes most to sound progress in the language. Another improvement will be found at the beginning of the volume, where I have given a complete table, showing the correspondence between the Roman and Oriental al- phabets. The work has been carefully revised throughout ; so that it may now approximate still nearer its original purpose, viz. to enable the student of Hindustani to con- verse in that language with fluency, to compose in it with accuracy, and to write it correctly in both the Persian and Devanagari characters. Several large impressions of the Manual have now been disposed of since its first appearance in October, 1845. This is a sufficient proof of its appreciation by the public ; and it is needless for me to say anything further in this place respecting its utility. I shall therefore content myself by briefly stating what it contains, and how it ought to be perased. The First and Second Sections of the book contain a concise view of the grammatical principles of the language. In these I have confined myself solely to what is useful and necessary, without distracting the learner's attention by what is either unimportant or superfluous. Section I. treats briefly, but I trust clearly, of the ele- mentary sounds of the language, and of its grammatical inflections. This portion may be advantageously perused when the student is learning the Oriental or Persi- Arabic alphabet ; so that when he knows his letters, he may at once commence reading and translating easy Selections in the proper character, with the aid of a Vocabulary. ^Vhen he has read carefully ten or twelve pages of such Selections, he may proceed to the second section, and endeavour to turn every phrase and sentence of it into the Persian cha- racter, with which by this time I suppose him to be familiar. Section II. embraces more especially those peculiarities of Syntax, of which I have, from long experience, observed learners to stand most in need. These I have reduced into a series of seventeen lessons, to all of which I have added copious Examples and Exercises, in order to impress them more thoroughly on the memory. These are followed (from p. 45 to p. 67) by a series of miscellaneous Lessons and Exercises, still of an elementary nature, all the words of which will be found in the Vocabulary. I have not deemed it necessary to touch upon those broad principles of Syntax which are the common property of all languages ; besides, the work is not intended to supersede the use of the larger grammars. Each phrase and sentence in this second section may be advantageously varied by the teacher, by changing the number, person, and tense of the verb, also by presenting the same in an interrogative, negative, or conditional form.
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  • Problems of Ethnic Paharia People in Bangladesh

    Problems of Ethnic Paharia People in Bangladesh

    IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 21, Issue 4, Ver. I (Apr. 2016) PP 39-44 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Problems of ethnic Paharia people in Bangladesh Md. Yeamin Ali, Md. Adil Hasan Chowdhury,Mahfuza Khanom Sheema,Md. Abdur Rahim,Mst. Rupali Akhtar, Md. Al Imran, Md. Zakaria Ibne Mahatab, Md. Jahangir Alam,Akib Javed, Md. Shahariar Sarker 1(Institute of Environmental Science, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh) 2 (Department of Anthropology,Rajshahi University, Bangladesh) 3 (Department of History, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh) 4(Department of Political Science, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh) 5(Department of Philosophy, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh) 6 (Department of Botany, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh) 7(Department of Geography and Environmental Studies,Rajshahi University, Bangladesh) Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to depict the scenario of Paharia people problem and to find out the causes behind Paharia people problem The research is based on some primary data, which are collected from a structured questionnaire survey, interview, observation and focus group discussion and also on some secondary data which are collected from different sources. Land problem,education,language and Paharia women problem are more frequent.37% of lands of Paharia people are grapping by local people. 75% respondent said that education and language has too much impact on Paharia people problem. Three-fourth of the Paharia women faced safety problem. Physical characteristics indigenousness, minority, culture difference and poverty are the main causes toward Paharia people problem. Culture difference and indigenousness have too much impact for creating Paharia people problem.80 % respondent said that culture difference causes too much impact.