'Ana Mai Ia Makou 'O Ka'u

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

'Ana Mai Ia Makou 'O Ka'u KALUAIKO’OLAU Puakahiki Kau`i Lauano Ma ka moÕolelo o KaluikoÕolau, ua wehewehe Ôia ke Ôano o ke anila hoÕi akula koÕu makua kane i ka po, mau no ka halaÕi Ôana mai o kona i ko Kukui hoÕokohi Ôana aku ia KaluaikoÕolau mai loko aku o kona malama, alakaÕi a kiaÕi Ôana mai ia makou Ôo kaÕu Ôohana. puhaka. ÒI ka wehena kaiao, e nihi kamoe aÕe ana na ao polohiwa ma I ke kau HaÕulelau, i ka makahiki o ko kakou Haku Ôelua kaukani luna o na kiÕekiÕena o kuahiwi, e Ôolapa ana ke ahi uila ma na kukulu o a me Ôekahi, ua moe Ôuhane akula koÔu makuahine i koÔu makua kane. ka moana, e pa Ôonou mai ana ka makani, a e ÕoÕoloku ana na Ôale o ka Ua hoÕailona aku koÕu makua kane i koÕu makuahine no ka ÕanoÕano e moana.Ó Ua hanau hou Õia mai koÕu aloha makuahine, i ko koÕu makua- Ôomaka ana i loko o koÕu puhaka na ka Mana Loa KiÔekiÔe mai. hine hapai Ôana i ke aka a puni he Õeiwa mahina, Ôomaka ka ÔanoÔano i I ke kau HaÕulelau, i ka makahiki o ko kakou Haku Ôelua kaukani a me kanu Ôia a mohala mai keia pua, ma o ka heluhelu Ôana i keia moÔolelo Ôeha, i ka pilipuka no o ka po, i ka hola Ôekolu hoÕi i hoÕokohi ai au ia o KaluaikoÔolau. E kau nui pu ana kaÕu keiki hiÕialo i kuÕu maka i mao LaÕakea ma ke kuakoko mua loa. Nui kona ÔiÕini e hiki mai i kahi akea iho ai na ÔehaÕeha kino a pau a lilo aÕe ai kuÕu puÕuwai i kiÕowai mapuna a no ia kumu Ôo ia i puka aku ai he Ôekolu me ka hapa pule ma mua o ka o ke aloha i ka lei poina Ôole, he keiki. wa i wanana Ôia e na kauka. Ua Ôike paha Ôo ia i ko maua Ôo kaÕu pilikua I ke kau Kupulau, i ka makahiki o ko kakou Haku hoÕokahi kaukani kau nui a kuko nui Ôana i kona hiki Ôana mai. ÔOiai ÔaÕole au i Ôike i ke Ôeiwa haneli a me kanawalukumamalua, Õo ia ka wa i ÔoÕili aku ai au mai Ôano o ke anila o kona la hanau, maopopo iaÕu he hiwahiwa keia keiki loko aku o ka home Ôopu kaupale i ke kuakoko mua loa a koÕu makua- aÕu. ÕOiai Õo koÕu makua kane ka mea i wanana mai i koÕu koko Õana, hine. He poluluhi wale ka lani i na ao e kaupale ana i ka mahina a hiki pela i loaÕa ai ka inoa o kaÕu keiki aloha, Õo KamakanalaÕakeaokamauli i ka hola Ôumi o ka po. Ma ia hola no i hoÕomaka ai na ao e nihi aku a hiwalani. pa maoli no hoÕi ka maÕamaÕama o ka mahina a holo puni i ka Ôaina Ôo ÔIke Ôia ka nani mohaha o kona mau papalina, ka nepunepu maikaÕi OÕahu. I ka hapalua hola Ôumi, ÔaÕohe mea e kau ana i luna, koe na hoku o kona pauku kino, ka ÕaeÕae o kona oholauoho a me ka poepoe uliuli e hulali ana a me ka mahina e Ôolili ana i ka Ôili poepoe honua. Ma ia maikaÕi o kona mau maka hala Ôole. I ka hui pu Ôana o ko maua o kaÕu hola hoÕokahi i hanau Ôia ai au, Ôo Puakahiki KauÕiwehelaniikapomahi kane aloha mau Ôonohi maka, ua Ôike maua i ka ninini pau Ôole Ôana mai nalaÕilaÕi Kaina. o na poÕiwai a KulanihakoÕi e ka Haku Mana Loa KiÕekiÕe. He hiwa- I loko no o na leka kamahaÕo i waiho Ôia e kuÕu makua kane aloha hiwa no ka lei i ka poÕe o kuÔu puÔu hoÔokahi. A e like me ka Ôolelo a i hala akula i kela ÕaoÕao maÕo, ÕaÕole o kana mai kona poÕohiwi Õana i na kupuna, Òhe lei poina Ôole ke keiki,Ó a he lei poina Ôole no kuÕu keiki koÕu hanau Õana mai. Kakau maila Õo ia me ka piha o kona iwihilo i ke i hiÕialo nui Ôia e kona mau luauÕi makua. aloha a me ke ohohia e kukala aku ana no kana ÕopuÕu i noho aliÕi ai ka makeÕe keiki ma luna ona no na kau a kau. E hoÕomaopopo mai ana Õo EDITORØS NOTE: This is a personal essay that was written for Ha- ia no ka uÕi o koÕu maka i kona nana Õana mai i hu aÕe ai kana kiÕaha, a waiian 404, Fourth-Level Hawaiian. i kau nui ai kona mau manaÕolana Õana noÕu o keia mua aku. ÔOiai ua 65 .
Recommended publications
  • Man'yogana.Pdf (574.0Kb)
    Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies http://journals.cambridge.org/BSO Additional services for Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here The origin of man'yogana John R. BENTLEY Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies / Volume 64 / Issue 01 / February 2001, pp 59 ­ 73 DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X01000040, Published online: 18 April 2001 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0041977X01000040 How to cite this article: John R. BENTLEY (2001). The origin of man'yogana. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 64, pp 59­73 doi:10.1017/S0041977X01000040 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/BSO, IP address: 131.156.159.213 on 05 Mar 2013 The origin of man'yo:gana1 . Northern Illinois University 1. Introduction2 The origin of man'yo:gana, the phonetic writing system used by the Japanese who originally had no script, is shrouded in mystery and myth. There is even a tradition that prior to the importation of Chinese script, the Japanese had a native script of their own, known as jindai moji ( , age of the gods script). Christopher Seeley (1991: 3) suggests that by the late thirteenth century, Shoku nihongi, a compilation of various earlier commentaries on Nihon shoki (Japan's first official historical record, 720 ..), circulated the idea that Yamato3 had written script from the age of the gods, a mythical period when the deity Susanoo was believed by the Japanese court to have composed Japan's first poem, and the Sun goddess declared her son would rule the land below.
    [Show full text]
  • SUPPORTING the CHINESE, JAPANESE, and KOREAN LANGUAGES in the OPENVMS OPERATING SYSTEM by Michael M. T. Yau ABSTRACT the Asian L
    SUPPORTING THE CHINESE, JAPANESE, AND KOREAN LANGUAGES IN THE OPENVMS OPERATING SYSTEM By Michael M. T. Yau ABSTRACT The Asian language versions of the OpenVMS operating system allow Asian-speaking users to interact with the OpenVMS system in their native languages and provide a platform for developing Asian applications. Since the OpenVMS variants must be able to handle multibyte character sets, the requirements for the internal representation, input, and output differ considerably from those for the standard English version. A review of the Japanese, Chinese, and Korean writing systems and character set standards provides the context for a discussion of the features of the Asian OpenVMS variants. The localization approach adopted in developing these Asian variants was shaped by business and engineering constraints; issues related to this approach are presented. INTRODUCTION The OpenVMS operating system was designed in an era when English was the only language supported in computer systems. The Digital Command Language (DCL) commands and utilities, system help and message texts, run-time libraries and system services, and names of system objects such as file names and user names all assume English text encoded in the 7-bit American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) character set. As Digital's business began to expand into markets where common end users are non-English speaking, the requirement for the OpenVMS system to support languages other than English became inevitable. In contrast to the migration to support single-byte, 8-bit European characters, OpenVMS localization efforts to support the Asian languages, namely Japanese, Chinese, and Korean, must deal with a more complex issue, i.e., the handling of multibyte character sets.
    [Show full text]
  • Hiragana Chart
    ひらがな Hiragana Chart W R Y M H N T S K VOWEL ん わ ら や ま は な た さ か あ A り み ひ に ち し き い I る ゆ む ふ ぬ つ す く う U れ め へ ね て せ け え E を ろ よ も ほ の と そ こ お O © 2010 Michael L. Kluemper et al. Beginning Japanese, Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd. All rights reserved. www.TimeForJapanese.com. 1 Beginning Japanese 名前: ________________________ 1-1 Hiragana Activity Book 日付: ___月 ___日 一、 Practice: あいうえお かきくけこ がぎぐげご O E U I A お え う い あ あ お え う い あ お う あ え い あ お え う い お う い あ お え あ KO KE KU KI KA こ け く き か か こ け く き か こ け く く き か か こ き き か こ こ け か け く く き き こ け か © 2010 Michael L. Kluemper et al. Beginning Japanese, Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd. All rights reserved. www.TimeForJapanese.com. 2 GO GE GU GI GA ご げ ぐ ぎ が が ご げ ぐ ぎ が ご ご げ ぐ ぐ ぎ ぎ が が ご げ ぎ が ご ご げ が げ ぐ ぐ ぎ ぎ ご げ が 二、 Fill in each blank with the correct HIRAGANA. SE N SE I KI A RA NA MA E 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Como Digitar Em Japonês 1
    Como digitar em japonês 1 Passo 1: Mudar para o modo de digitação em japonês Abra o Office Word, Word Pad ou Bloco de notas para testar a digitação em japonês. Com o cursor colocado em um novo documento em algum lugar em sua tela você vai notar uma barra de idiomas. Clique no botão "PT Português" e selecione "JP Japonês (Japão)". Isso vai mudar a aparência da barra de idiomas. * Se uma barra longa aparecer, como na figura abaixo, clique com o botão direito na parte mais à esquerda e desmarque a opção "Legendas". ficará assim → Além disso, você pode clicar no "_" no canto superior direito da barra de idiomas, que a janela se fechará no canto inferior direito da tela (minimizar). ficará assim → © 2017 Fundação Japão em São Paulo Passo 2: Alterar a barra de idiomas para exibir em japonês Se você não consegue ler em japonês, pode mudar a exibição da barra de idioma para inglês. Clique em ツール e depois na opção プロパティ. Opção: Alterar a barra de idiomas para exibir em inglês Esta janela é toda em japonês, mas não se preocupe, pois da próxima vez que abrí-la estará em Inglês. Haverá um menu de seleção de idiomas no menu de "全般", escolha "英語 " e clique em "OK". © 2017 Fundação Japão em São Paulo Passo 3: Digitando em japonês Certifique-se de que tenha selecionado japonês na barra de idiomas. Após isso, selecione “hiragana”, como indica a seta. Passo 4: Digitando em japonês com letras romanas Uma vez que estiver no modo de entrada correto no documento, vamos digitar uma palavra prática.
    [Show full text]
  • Handy Katakana Workbook.Pdf
    First Edition HANDY KATAKANA WORKBOOK An Introduction to Japanese Writing: KANA THIS IS A SUPPLEMENT FOR BEGINNING LEVEL JAPANESE LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION. \ FrF!' '---~---- , - Y. M. Shimazu, Ed.D. -----~---- TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENlS vii STUDYSHEET#l 1 A,I,U,E, 0, KA,I<I, KU,KE, KO, GA,GI,GU,GE,GO, N WORKSHEET #1 2 PRACTICE: A, I,U, E, 0, KA,KI, KU,KE, KO, GA,GI,GU, GE,GO, N WORKSHEET #2 3 MORE PRACTICE: A, I, U, E,0, KA,KI,KU, KE, KO, GA,GI,GU,GE,GO, N WORKSHEET #~3 4 ADDmONAL PRACTICE: A,I,U, E,0, KA,KI, KU,KE, KO, GA,GI,GU,GE,GO, N STUDYSHEET #2 5 SA,SHI,SU,SE, SO, ZA,JI,ZU,ZE,ZO, TA, CHI, TSU, TE,TO, DA, DE,DO WORI<SHEEI' #4 6 PRACTICE: SA,SHI,SU,SE, SO, ZA,II, ZU,ZE,ZO, TA, CHI, 'lSU,TE,TO, OA, DE,DO WORI<SHEEI' #5 7 MORE PRACTICE: SA,SHI,SU,SE,SO, ZA,II, ZU,ZE, W, TA, CHI, TSU, TE,TO, DA, DE,DO WORKSHEET #6 8 ADDmONAL PRACI'ICE: SA,SHI,SU,SE, SO, ZA,JI, ZU,ZE,ZO, TA, CHI,TSU,TE,TO, DA, DE,DO STUDYSHEET #3 9 NA,NI, NU,NE,NO, HA, HI,FU,HE, HO, BA, BI,BU,BE,BO, PA, PI,PU,PE,PO WORKSHEET #7 10 PRACTICE: NA,NI, NU, NE,NO, HA, HI,FU,HE,HO, BA,BI, BU,BE, BO, PA, PI,PU,PE,PO WORKSHEET #8 11 MORE PRACTICE: NA,NI, NU,NE,NO, HA,HI, FU,HE, HO, BA,BI,BU,BE, BO, PA,PI,PU,PE,PO WORKSHEET #9 12 ADDmONAL PRACTICE: NA,NI, NU, NE,NO, HA, HI, FU,HE, HO, BA,BI,3U, BE, BO, PA, PI,PU,PE,PO STUDYSHEET #4 13 MA, MI,MU, ME, MO, YA, W, YO WORKSHEET#10 14 PRACTICE: MA,MI, MU,ME, MO, YA, W, YO WORKSHEET #11 15 MORE PRACTICE: MA, MI,MU,ME,MO, YA, W, YO WORKSHEET #12 16 ADDmONAL PRACTICE: MA,MI,MU, ME, MO, YA, W, YO STUDYSHEET #5 17
    [Show full text]
  • The Japanese Writing Systems, Script Reforms and the Eradication of the Kanji Writing System: Native Speakers’ Views Lovisa Österman
    The Japanese writing systems, script reforms and the eradication of the Kanji writing system: native speakers’ views Lovisa Österman Lund University, Centre for Languages and Literature Bachelor’s Thesis Japanese B.A. Course (JAPK11 Spring term 2018) Supervisor: Shinichiro Ishihara Abstract This study aims to deduce what Japanese native speakers think of the Japanese writing systems, and in particular what native speakers’ opinions are concerning Kanji, the logographic writing system which consists of Chinese characters. The Japanese written language has something that most languages do not; namely a total of ​ ​ three writing systems. First, there is the Kana writing system, which consists of the two syllabaries: Hiragana and Katakana. The two syllabaries essentially figure the same way, but are used for different purposes. Secondly, there is the Rōmaji writing system, which is Japanese written using latin letters. And finally, there is the Kanji writing system. Learning this is often at first an exhausting task, because not only must one learn the two phonematic writing systems (Hiragana and Katakana), but to be able to properly read and write in Japanese, one should also learn how to read and write a great amount of logographic signs; namely the Kanji. For example, to be able to read and understand books or newspaper without using any aiding tools such as dictionaries, one would need to have learned the 2136 Jōyō Kanji (regular-use Chinese characters). With the twentieth century’s progress in technology, comparing with twenty years ago, in this day and age one could probably theoretically get by alright without knowing how to write Kanji by hand, seeing as we are writing less and less by hand and more by technological devices.
    [Show full text]
  • Na Kana Magiti Kei Na Lotu
    1 NA KANA MAGITI KEI NA LOTU (Vola Tabu : Maciu 22:1-10; Luke 14:12-24) Vola ko Rev. Dr. Ilaitia S. Tuwere. Sa inaki ni vunau oqo me taroga ka sauma talega na taro : A cava na Lotu? Ni da tekivu edaidai ena noda solevu vakalotu, sa na yaga meda taroga ka tovolea talega me sauma na taro oqori. Ia, ena levu na kena isau eda na solia, me vaka na: gumatuataki ni masu kei na vulici ni Vola Tabu, bula vakayalo, muria na ivakarau se lawa ni lotu ka vuqa tale. Na veika oqori era ka dina ka tu kina eso na isau ni taro : A Cava na Lotu. Na i Vola Tabu e sega ni tuvalaka vakavosa vei keda na ibalebale ni lotu. E vakavuqa me boroya vei keda na iyaloyalo me vakadewataka kina na veika eso e vinakata me tukuna. E sega talega ni solia e duabulu ga na iyaloyalo me baleta na lotu. E vuqa sara e solia vei keda. Oqori me vaka na Qele ni Sipi kei na i Vakatawa Vinaka; na Vuni Vaini kei na Tabana; na i Vakavuvuli kei iratou na nona Gonevuli se Tisaipeli, na Masima se Rarama kei Vuravura, na Ulu kei na Vo ni Yago taucoko, ka vuqa tale. Ena mataka edaidai, meda raica vata yani na iyaloyalo ni kana magiti. E rua na kena ivakamacala eda rogoca, mai na Kosipeli i Maciu kei na nei Luke. Na kana magiti se na solevu edua na ivakarau vakaitaukei. Eda soqoni vata kina vakaveiwekani ena noda veikidavaki kei na marau, kena veitalanoa, kena sere kei na meke, kena salusalu kei na kumuni iyau.
    [Show full text]
  • Writing As Aesthetic in Modern and Contemporary Japanese-Language Literature
    At the Intersection of Script and Literature: Writing as Aesthetic in Modern and Contemporary Japanese-language Literature Christopher J Lowy A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2021 Reading Committee: Edward Mack, Chair Davinder Bhowmik Zev Handel Jeffrey Todd Knight Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Asian Languages and Literature ©Copyright 2021 Christopher J Lowy University of Washington Abstract At the Intersection of Script and Literature: Writing as Aesthetic in Modern and Contemporary Japanese-language Literature Christopher J Lowy Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Edward Mack Department of Asian Languages and Literature This dissertation examines the dynamic relationship between written language and literary fiction in modern and contemporary Japanese-language literature. I analyze how script and narration come together to function as a site of expression, and how they connect to questions of visuality, textuality, and materiality. Informed by work from the field of textual humanities, my project brings together new philological approaches to visual aspects of text in literature written in the Japanese script. Because research in English on the visual textuality of Japanese-language literature is scant, my work serves as a fundamental first-step in creating a new area of critical interest by establishing key terms and a general theoretical framework from which to approach the topic. Chapter One establishes the scope of my project and the vocabulary necessary for an analysis of script relative to narrative content; Chapter Two looks at one author’s relationship with written language; and Chapters Three and Four apply the concepts explored in Chapter One to a variety of modern and contemporary literary texts where script plays a central role.
    [Show full text]
  • Legacy Character Sets & Encodings
    Legacy & Not-So-Legacy Character Sets & Encodings Ken Lunde CJKV Type Development Adobe Systems Incorporated bc ftp://ftp.oreilly.com/pub/examples/nutshell/cjkv/unicode/iuc15-tb1-slides.pdf Tutorial Overview dc • What is a character set? What is an encoding? • How are character sets and encodings different? • Legacy character sets. • Non-legacy character sets. • Legacy encodings. • How does Unicode fit it? • Code conversion issues. • Disclaimer: The focus of this tutorial is primarily on Asian (CJKV) issues, which tend to be complex from a character set and encoding standpoint. 15th International Unicode Conference Copyright © 1999 Adobe Systems Incorporated Terminology & Abbreviations dc • GB (China) — Stands for “Guo Biao” (国标 guóbiâo ). — Short for “Guojia Biaozhun” (国家标准 guójiâ biâozhün). — Means “National Standard.” • GB/T (China) — “T” stands for “Tui” (推 tuî ). — Short for “Tuijian” (推荐 tuîjiàn ). — “T” means “Recommended.” • CNS (Taiwan) — 中國國家標準 ( zhôngguó guójiâ biâozhün) in Chinese. — Abbreviation for “Chinese National Standard.” 15th International Unicode Conference Copyright © 1999 Adobe Systems Incorporated Terminology & Abbreviations (Cont’d) dc • GCCS (Hong Kong) — Abbreviation for “Government Chinese Character Set.” • JIS (Japan) — 日本工業規格 ( nihon kôgyô kikaku) in Japanese. — Abbreviation for “Japanese Industrial Standard.” — 〄 • KS (Korea) — 한국 공업 규격 (韓國工業規格 hangug gongeob gyugyeog) in Korean. — Abbreviation for “Korean Standard.” — ㉿ — Designation change from “C” to “X” on August 20, 1997. 15th International Unicode Conference Copyright © 1999 Adobe Systems Incorporated Terminology & Abbreviations (Cont’d) dc • TCVN (Vietnam) — Tiu Chun Vit Nam in Vietnamese. — Means “Vietnamese Standard.” • CJKV — Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese. 15th International Unicode Conference Copyright © 1999 Adobe Systems Incorporated What Is A Character Set? dc • A collection of characters that are intended to be used together to create meaningful text.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementing Cross-Locale CJKV Code Conversion
    Implementing Cross-Locale CJKV Code Conversion Ken Lunde CJKV Type Development Adobe Systems Incorporated bc ftp://ftp.oreilly.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/unicode/iuc13-c2-paper.pdf ftp://ftp.oreilly.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/unicode/iuc13-c2-slides.pdf Code Conversion Basics dc • Algorithmic code conversion — Within a single locale: Shift-JIS, EUC-JP, and ISO-2022-JP — A purely mathematical process • Table-driven code conversion — Required across locales: Chinese ↔ Japanese — Required when dealing with Unicode — Mapping tables are required — Can sometimes be faster than algorithmic code conversion— depends on the implementation September 10, 1998 Copyright © 1998 Adobe Systems Incorporated Code Conversion Basics (Cont’d) dc • CJKV character set differences — Different number of characters — Different ordering of characters — Different characters September 10, 1998 Copyright © 1998 Adobe Systems Incorporated Character Sets Versus Encodings dc • Common CJKV character set standards — China: GB 1988-89, GB 2312-80; GB 1988-89, GBK — Taiwan: ASCII, Big Five; CNS 5205-1989, CNS 11643-1992 — Hong Kong: ASCII, Big Five with Hong Kong extension — Japan: JIS X 0201-1997, JIS X 0208:1997, JIS X 0212-1990 — South Korea: KS X 1003:1993, KS X 1001:1992, KS X 1002:1991 — North Korea: ASCII (?), KPS 9566-97 — Vietnam: TCVN 5712:1993, TCVN 5773:1993, TCVN 6056:1995 • Common CJKV encodings — Locale-independent: EUC-*, ISO-2022-* — Locale-specific: GBK, Big Five, Big Five Plus, Shift-JIS, Johab, Unified Hangul Code — Other: UCS-2, UCS-4, UTF-7, UTF-8,
    [Show full text]
  • Characteristics of Developmental Dyslexia in Japanese Kana: From
    al Ab gic no lo rm o a h l i c t y i e s s Ogawa et al., J Psychol Abnorm Child 2014, 3:3 P i Journal of Psychological Abnormalities n f o C l DOI: 10.4172/2329-9525.1000126 h a i n l d ISSN:r 2329-9525 r u e o n J in Children Research Article Open Access Characteristics of Developmental Dyslexia in Japanese Kana: from the Viewpoint of the Japanese Feature Shino Ogawa1*, Miwa Fukushima-Murata2, Namiko Kubo-Kawai3, Tomoko Asai4, Hiroko Taniai5 and Nobuo Masataka6 1Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan 2Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 3Faculty of Psychology, Aichi Shukutoku University, Aichi, Japan 4Nagoya City Child Welfare Center, Aichi, Japan 5Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya Central Care Center for Disabled Children, Aichi, Japan 6Section of Cognition and Learning, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan Abstract This study identified the individual differences in the effects of Japanese Dyslexia. The participants consisted of 12 Japanese children who had difficulties in reading and writing Japanese and were suspected of having developmental disorders. A test battery was created on the basis of the characteristics of the Japanese language to examine Kana’s orthography-to-phonology mapping and target four cognitive skills: analysis of phonological structure, letter-to-sound conversion, visual information processing, and eye–hand coordination. An examination of the individual ability levels for these four elements revealed that reading and writing difficulties are not caused by a single disability, but by a combination of factors.
    [Show full text]
  • AIX Globalization
    AIX Version 7.1 AIX globalization IBM Note Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page 233 . This edition applies to AIX Version 7.1 and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2010, 2018. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents About this document............................................................................................vii Highlighting.................................................................................................................................................vii Case-sensitivity in AIX................................................................................................................................vii ISO 9000.....................................................................................................................................................vii AIX globalization...................................................................................................1 What's new...................................................................................................................................................1 Separation of messages from programs..................................................................................................... 1 Conversion between code sets.............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]